Pneumatic mold IX

First, the basic content of this chapter:

This chapter includes three forms of pneumatic mold, i.e. hollow blow
mold, vacuum forming mold and compressed mold; molding principle and
characteristics of three kinds of molding method; Design of three
structural components of the mold.
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Second, learning objectives and requirements:

In this chapter, the structure and design method of a pneumatic
forming mold should have.

three,This chapter focuses and difficult:

Characteristics of three kinds of pneumatic molding principles and
molding method, pneumatic method and design structure of the mold forming.

1, the hollow blow-molding mold

Refers to hollow plastic molding is blown into a hollow vessel with
compressed air and vacuum suction into a container in terms of housing.
Blow container mainly for the manufacture of thin-walled plastic bottles,
toys and plastic barrels. Plastic hollow containers mainly used for
disposable containers for producing thin-walled plastic packaging items,
cups, bowls and the like. Blow molding is a plastic parison to the plastic
state into a mold, injecting compressed air will blow up the parison which,
after blow-up make the same shape as the shape of the mold cavity of the
article, after cooling and sizing to give desired product . Depending on
the molding method can be divided into extrusion blow molding, injection
blow molding, injection stretch blow molding, multilayer blow molding,
blow molding, sheet and the like.
(1) Classification hollow blow molding process
① Extrusion blow molding
Extrusion blow molding is the main method of molding a hollow plastic
parts. First, a tubular parison extruder; interception of a hot tube which
was placed in a mold, closing both ends of the upper and lower clamping
the parison while split mold; cavity to pass into the air, to inflate
attached to the cavity wall is shaped, and then packing; final shape by
cooling, can be taken to exclude air and mold plastic parts. Extrusion
blow mold of simple structure, low investment, easy to operate, more
suitable for blow molding hollow plastic molding. The disadvantage is not
easy even thickness, the plastic parts to be processed to remove flash.
 ② Injection blow molding
Injection blow molding machine is an injection molding with a parison
in the injection mold and then transferred to the hot parison blow molding
mold for blow molding. First, the injection molding machine is injected
in the injection of the molten plastic parison; transferred into a blow
mold with the core and parison, the core is hollow and the wall with holes;
mandrel from the air duct into the parison up and affixed to the cavity
wall of the mold; after packing, cooling and sizing releasing the
compressed air, and remove mold plastic parts. Plastic wall thickness
uniform through the injection blow molding, no flash, no after processing
by dry injection of a bottomed parison, and therefore does not fight and
bottom seams, high strength, high production efficiency, but the price
expensive equipment and molds , used for mass production of small plastic
parts.

③ Injection stretch blow molding

Injection stretch blow molding and injection blow molding comparison,

this increase extending in the step. First, injection of a hollow bottomed
parison; stretching and blowing the parison station to move, stretch; blow
molding, pressure; After cooling, remove the plastic mold. There is
another method for injection stretch blow molding, i.e. cold parison
molding, injection stretch blow molding the parison and the plastic parts
were molded on different devices, the parison after completion of the
injection, and then moved to blow the blow molding machine, when the
parison has been circulated some of the heat required for secondary
heating, to ensure that the parison stretch blow molding temperature, the
main characteristic of this method is relatively simple apparatus
structure.
④ Multi-level blow molding
Multilayer blow refer to different types of plastic, the extrusion
die extruding a particular layered parison wall but parison bond together,
and then blow-molded hollow member obtained multilayer forming methods.
The main purpose is to address the development of a multi-layer blow
molding using a plastic alone can not meet the requirements of the problem.
E.g. polyethylene alone, but its poor airtight, so that the container
containing the food is not scented, and better airtightness PVC,
polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride may be employed as the outer layer, inner
layer polyethylene container, air tightness and nontoxic.
⑤ Blow molding the sheet
Blow molding the sheet in FIG.As shown in 9.4. The calendered sheet
extrusion molding or reheat, softened, into the cavity, closingWalter
mold in the compressed air between the sheet and the molded hollow plastic
parts. Map9.4a state before mold clamping, the mold is FIG 9.4bstatus.
(2) Design of a blow molding member
When blow molding, it is necessary to determine the blow ratio of the
plastic parts, stretch ratio, threads, garden angle on the plastic parts,
and an outer support surfaceNoodles.
① Blow-up ratio
Blow-up ratio is the maximum ratio of the parison diameter to the
diameter of the plastic parts. Practice shows that the blow-up ratio, the
higher transverse strength plastic bottles, but only within a certain
range. Parison sectional shape is made to substantially coincide with the
general outline of the plastic parts, such as blow bottle circular
cross-section cavity shouldIt is tubular; if the blow square or
rectangular tub barrel, the cross section of the parison should be made
square or rectangular tubular tube; the purpose of each part of the parison
blown plastic case converge.
② Extension ratio
In the injection stretch blow molding, the ratio of the length of the
length of the parison plastic parts.After determining the stretch ratio,
can be determined length parisonset. Experiments show that the larger the
expansion ratio of the plastic parts, i.e., the same length while the
parison wall thickness to produce a thinner plastic parts, the higher the
longitudinal strength. I.e. stretch ratio and blow ratio, the higher
strength of the obtained plastic parts. In actual production, we must
ensure the rigidity and practical utility of the wall thickness of plastic
parts.
③ Screw thread
Usually blow-molded thread or trapezoidal cross-section semicircular,
without employingFine or coarse thread tooth, since the latter is
difficult to shape. To facilitate processing of the plastic parts burrs,
without affecting the use of the premise, the thread form can be made
intermittently. I.e. over a period of non-threaded plastic parts close
to the parting surface.
④ Rounded
Nephew corners of blow-molded member is designed to not allow sharp
corners, as it sidewall and the bottomInterfacing part portion generally
rounded design, molding is difficult because of sharp corners. For
generally rounded container, without affecting the use of the premise,
to much better rounded, the rounded corners large uniform thickness, for
a desired product shape, radius may be reduced.
⑤ Plastic supporting face
In designing plastic containers, not the entire surface as a plastic
bearing surface. shouldThe bottom of the support surface to minimize, in
particular as a bearing surface to reduce seam binding, since there is
the cut smooth impact plastic is placed.
⑥ The outer surface of the plastic parts
Most plastic parts are required to blow the outer surface of artistic
quality. Engraved patterns, characters and the like, and the volume scales.
Some want to makeMirror like. This requires the surface of the mold
artistic process. The processing follows:
a) Seal surface is made by sandblasting;
 b) Made with polished chrome mirror;
c) An electroforming method of cast molding cavity of the housing
body and then inserted into the mold;
d) Carbide with tissue shape after heat treatment of steel, made
by acid etching a leather-like pattern;
e) After developing the photosensitive pattern after etching and
other processes with a coating made of a photosensitive
material.
PVC plastic mold cavity surface member, preferably using sandblasted
rough surface, because the rough surfaceCan be stored during the blow
molding portion of the air can be avoided to produce plastic parts for
vacuum absorption phenomenon at demold. Facilitate demolding plastic
parts, and the rough surface of the cavity does not prevent the appearance
of plastic parts, the surface roughness of the frosted glass like.
⑦ Plastic Shrinkage
Plastics containers are usually less demanding precision. Molding
shrinkage has little effect on the size of plastic parts, but a
graduatedBottles and threaded articles, shrinkage of Capacity have a
considerable impact.

(3) Design of the blow mold

① The mouthpiece of formula
② The mouthpiece formula
Mold design features:
a) Die
Bottleneck die plate. A torch population, but also plastic parts
bottle after blow molding of the bottle size is corrected and cutting
residual material.The inner diameter of the mouth portion is
corrected by the correction torch mounted on the outside of the
mandrel, by cutting off part of the die, and simultaneously
correcting truncated.
b) Folder blank mouth
Also known as port folder blank cutout. Extrusion blow molding
process, the mold will need to type I material removal port in a closed
simultaneously, in the moldHaving corresponding parts provided for
opening the folder blank. cutManufacturing mouth partsYesKey
parts,cutPort accessCloseSurface to surface roughness as small as
possible, heat treatmentGround and polished to go through, in mass
production to be polished hard chromium plating.
c) I trough
 The cutting action of the parison at the cutting edge,Have extra
plastic is removed, they will be housed within the trough over. I
usually troughProvided on both sides of the incision,Its size should
be determined by the parison clamping slug width and thickness,In
the mold can be closed tight prevail.
d) Vent (groove)
After the mold is closed, the cavity was closed state, when the
parison blown, the mold of the original is discharged air issues
should be considered. Adverse exhaustMarkings will appear plastic
surface, forming pits and defects such as incomplete. To this end,
blow molding also consider setting a certain number of vent(groove).
Generally up in the mold and the mold parting surface "dead portion"
(e.g., shoulder or solid angle portion of the round bottle).
e) cool down
The blow mold temperature is generally controlled at 20-50
degrees, uniform cooling requirements.
f) Clamping force
Magnitude of clamping force of the two mold halves to be closed
tight, should be greater than the mold clamping force expansion.
2, the vacuum mold
(1) vacuum forming process classification
① Vacuum forming die
The plastic sheet was placed over the first mold is fixed around it.
And heated and softened, Then pumped under vacuum mold, extracting air
gap between the plate and the mold, so that the softened sheet closely
attached to the mold table,After cooling the plastic parts, Ran charge
air from below the mold, remove the plastic parts.
An outer member with a plastic molding die molding surface higher
dimensional accuracy, generally small plastic parts for forming depth.
If plastic partsAt great depth, in particular small plastic parts, the
bottom corner will be significantly thinner. Multiple cavity vacuum
forming die punch than the same number of vacuum forming material savings,
since the die cavity close spacing may be, with the same area of the plastic
plate, it can be processed more plastic parts.

② Vacuum forming punch

Some required thickness of the bottom blister element is not thinned,
it may be vacuum forming punch,Clamped plasticIt was heated at a heater
plate material softens,When the sheet is heated after the punch first
contacts, i.e. the loss of coolingAbility to thinning. As the material
continues to move down until the punch is completely in contact with;
Vacuum starts,And around the edge formed by thinning.
Vacuum forming punch used for thin-walled plastic member has a convex
shape, a high dimensional accuracy into the inner surface of the shaping
member.

③ Concave and convex shaped mold has vacuum

Embossing mold has vacuum forming the plastic sheet is first heated
on a die fastening,After removal of the melting heater, and then blow
compressed air through the male mold, while the plastic vacuum die plate
bulged,Finally, the punch downwardly bulging plastic insert plate and
evacuated therefrom, while the die air Walter, soA plastic plate attached
to the outer surface of the punch and the forming.
ThatMolding method, since the softened plastic plate blow drum, and
then extending the sheet material forming, so that more uniform thickness,
can beMolded plastic parts with deep pockets.

④ Blowing vacuum forming

First, heating the sheet,Compressed air is then sent into the sealed
tank. Hot sheet for blown out, and then the punch is raised, a sealed state
is formed between the sheet and; Finally, a convex moldEvacuating the
pores by forming it to the outside atmospheric pressure.
 ⑤ Auxiliary punch vacuum forming (vacuum forming plunger pushed
down)

Auxiliary punch into the vacuum forming and vacuum forming to the
vacuum forming.
The first die is fixed to a plastic plate is heated to a softened state
into the vacuum forming; Then removing the heater, with the auxiliary
punch pushes the plastic plate, which die in the air is compressed, since
the softened plastic plate in the thrust and the cavity enclosed
air-assisted movement of the punch extending; Then evacuated to dieshape.
(2) vacuum forming member Shaping Design
Vacuum forming ratio of depth to width, rounded, stripping slope
geometry for plastic parts, the dimensional accuracy, plastic parts,
plusReinforcing ribs and the like have specific requirements.
① Geometry and dimensions of the plastic parts required
With the shaping member to a vacuum forming method, the cooling rate
is large shrinkage after molding, it is difficult to obtain high
dimensional accuracy. General PunchesVacuum forming, dimensional
accuracy internal plastic parts; while vacuum forming die, the outer
dimensional accuracy of plastic parts.
② Ratio of depth H and width (or diameter) D of the plastic parts
Ratio of depth H and width (or diameter) D of the plastic parts is
called extension ratio, largely reflects extension than forming hard
plastic partsEasy extent. Extension ratio increases, forming more
difficult. Extension and uniformity than plastic parts related to
extension than the minimum wall thickness over the General Assembly become
very thin at this time should be chosen thicker plastic molding. Extension
ratio and types of plastic forming method related.
③ Rounded
Plastic parts should be designed so that the coupling of the smooth
transition, the fillet radius is not less than the thickness of the
parison.
④ Slope
Process i.e. inclined surface, in order to remove the article from
the mold.
⑤ Reinforcing ribs
Reinforcing ribs may reduce the thickness of the parison, shorten the
heating time, reduce the product cost. Reinforcing ribs should be designed
in the shape or direction of the article surface.
(3) vacuum forming die design
① The suction hole
 Suction pore size should be suitable for shaping into the desired
member, for general good fluidity, a small thickness of the plastic sheet,
the suction hole is smaller, otherwise great.
② Cavity size
The method of sizing the mold cavity of the injection mold cavity
dimensions of the same shape calculation should take into account a
plastic mold shrinkage and accuracy.

3, compressed air molding die

(1) compressed air forming process
Plastic the plastic sheet forming process is set between the heating
plates and ten die,solidFixed heating plate,Plastic sheet is only lightly
pressed against the mold edge, and then, while heating plate out of the
air, supplying air from an air port located at the bottom of the cavity
to the cavity, so that the workpiece plate against a heating plate; Plastic
plate so quicklySoftening, to achieve suitable molding temperature. At
this reinforcing plate heated air out from the plastic sheet gradually
adhere to the mold. At the same time, the air cavity is rapidly discharged
through the vent holes at the bottom thereof, and finally the plastic
against the mold plate. After the plate was cooled, compressed air is
discharged from the heating plate is stopped, and then decrease the
heating plate, trimming of plastic parts; Rebound plate while heating,
from the air entering the bottom of the cavity mold releasing plastic parts,
plastic parts removed.
 The method of forming the compressed air and vacuum forming the same
principle, is softened by heating the sheet formed against the mold. Do
notWith the shaping of an external force is applied to the plate by
compressed air instead of a vacuum. In the vacuum forming. Difficult to
achieve on the plate appliedAbove 0.l MPa molding pressure. But with
compressed air, it may be applied more than l MPa molding pressure on the
sheet. Since formingPressure is high, plastic parts and thus can be
obtained with the compressed air filled plastic parts and the shape of
the mold cavity depth.
(2) the compressed air molding die design
Mold structure for compressed air, which is different from the vacuum
molding die is to increase the blade mold, thus molding the plastic parts,
the mold can be slug removal, and plastic sheet in direct contact with
the heating plate, heating speed .
Mold design features:
 Compressed air and vacuum forming mold cavity forming the mold cavity
is substantially the same. The main features of the compressed air in the
mold is provided a mold edge type blade.
Type edge is provided at the edge of the mold is shaped to cut the
excess material commonly used type is the top edge of a flattened angle
0.l 0.15 mm, blade type 20ºTo 30ºPreferably, its tip must be higher than
the thickness of the sheet end surface of the cavity plus ± 0.1 mm. When
the molding can be formed in a gap between the end surface of the die cavity
plate with the heating plate, the gap does not make contact with the
heating plate during the forming plate, the plate to avoid overheating
caused by defects.