Beruflich Dokumente
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rheological properties, and the plastic melt flow state in the physical and
plastic parts, plastic parts dimensional accuracy and the surface roughness
is determined; surface defects that occur when the plastic molding and
called, these simple compounds are also called monomers. The main
(2) from the point of view relative molecular mass, such as water
molecular weight of 18, 100 limestone, alcohol 46, 324 sucrose, these
higher than the low molecular weight, generally from tens of thousands to
rubber 400,000.
(3) the length of the molecular point of view, for example, the length
If the molecular chain of the polymer irregular line (or slug), the
shown in FIG. If the chain between the macromolecule and some short
short chain branched, dendritic shape of the whole chain, shown in Figure
Physical properties (2) type polymer that is brittle, low plasticity and
infusible solid even (even charred carbide) does not soften at a higher
volume of the side groups in the main chain, high symmetry and large
made. In plastics, resins play a decisive role, but can not be ignored
additive.
(1) Resin
the basic performance and the type of plastic (e.g. thermal properties,
(2) filler
chloride resin added after the flour, not only to overcome their brittleness
and reduce the cost. Glass fiber as the filler of the plastic, the plastic can
can be improved in heat resistant plastic. Some fillers may have a plastic
Commonly used fillers wood flour, pulp, mica, asbestos, glass fibers
(3) Plasticizer
reduce melt viscosity and melting temperature of the resin, to improve its
compatible with the resin, less volatile high boiling organic compounds,
between the polymer chains, thereby weakening the force between the
polymer, the polymer resin is relatively prone to slip shift, so that the
(4) Colorant
General requirements for the colorant are: strong coloring; the resin
color decomposition, the plastic parts and long-term during use remains
stable.
(5) Stabilizer
ability of water, oil resistance, chemical corrosion, and the resin have
antioxidants and the like. Usual stabilizers include stearic acid salts, lead
The curing agent is added for the purpose of promoting the crosslinking
epoxy resin.
agent, a conductive agent, and the like permeability. Not every plastics
additives to be added to all of these, but by the use of plastic parts and
2)
classification of plastic
Classification
thermosets.
a) a thermoplastic
It is made of plastic upon heating the shaped plastic parts, has cooled
maintains the shape of the shape. The reheating, softening and melting
but also can be made into shaped plastic parts once again, thus can be
b) thermosetting plastics
nor dissolution between linear polymer main chain formed down not
change. In the molding process, there are both physical change chemical
phenolics and aminoplasts six cultivars, their total yield of more than half
b) plastic
polytetrafluoroethylene.
c) reinforced plastics
properties
(12) easy to aging, for the case of longer service life, the choice
of metal.
3, the thermodynamic properties of the plastic
and viscous flow state, shown as a linear amorphous and crystalline linear
Thermoplastic tristate
a) glassy
b) rubbery state
segmental motion of the polymer, the plastic enters a high elastic state.
Curve can be seen from FIG. 1, the linear amorphous polymers have
we also call the melt. In this state the plastic deformation of the
always preserved.
from a high elastic state to a viscous flow state (or viscous flow state
transitions high elastic state) the critical temperature. When the plastic
different. When the start of heating, since the resin is a linear structure,
condition exists for a short time, due to fast chemical reactions, molecular
hard solid. After heating can not recover, the chemical reaction proceeds,
the molecular structure becomes integral, plastic or hard solid. When the
When the temperature is higher thanθf, the change from the plastic
state to a solid glass-like viscous liquid i.e. melt flow regime. Fromθf
characterized by a melt, under less large external force can cause bulk
reduction of the capillary fibers during the spinning process and so on.
1), the plastic melt flow in the simplified section of the duct
Plastic melt in the molding process often flows through the various
rate control when the plastic melt flow in the conduit and the pressure
drop and flow velocity distribution along the cross section of the catheter
is necessary.
the catheter is assumed that the radius R, the melt in the tube do
isothermal steady laminar flow, and obey the exponential law. Taken from
the center of the conduit radius r of the fluid cylinder unit having a length
frictional force is generated between the fluid layer, then, where the
cross-sectional shear stress [tau], the product of the fluid layer between
Δ p( Π r ² ) = τ (2 π r L)
Therefore, shear stress
which is
It can be seen, zero shear stress at the center of the tube, gradually
Where: K is a liquid
consistency.
flow through the guide groove flat (flat groove), which is the case in FIG.
1. FIG. 5.
width, length L. Flat upper and lower surfaces of the groove is assumed
infinitely wide parallel faces (flat groove width W should be greater than
the vertical distance from groove flat parallel surfaces 20 times 2B, in
which case flat side walls of the groove acting to slow the flow rate is
center plane have the relationship of y plane and any point of the flow
rheological behavior
time before curing reaches, little change in the viscosity with time, then
decreases rapidly.
flow.
Crosslinking rate (3) a thermosetting polymer can be controlled by
temperature
temperature, and the gate of the mold should be conducive to the rapid
prior to crosslinking.
to increase.
parallel to the direction along the stress phenomenon. Plastic molding, the
shape and position of the gate. Packing a direction along the arrangement
direction of the main flow, the resistance encountered (e.g., mold wall or
the like), to change its flow resistance perpendicular to the direction,
Since the morphology, size and melt in the case of different plastic parts
to flow mold cavity, the orientation can be divided into structural and
direction and tensile strength has been enhanced glossiness. But for some
plastic parts (e.g., a larger thickness of plastic parts), but also seeks to
injection molding, the factors which affect the alignment of the following
areas:
b) increase in the gate length, pressure, and filling time, the degree
the flow) is very much related to the position and shape of the gate
1), contractility
temperature, the size of each part has narrowed than the original size of
the mold, this property is called shrinkage. Due to this shrinkage it is not
only caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the resin itself, but
Where
temperature;
difference is small, the size of the die design often with no shrinkage ratio
calculated design parameters, calculates the cavity and the core and the
like.
same varieties of plastic, the same or different plastic parts often. The
main factors affecting the shrinkage include
Various plastics has its own range of shrinkage, because the same
Shaped plastic parts, size, thickness, with or without the insert, the
insert number and layout, there is a great impact on the shrinkage values,
such as a large plastic wall thickness shrinkage, the insert has a small
shrinkage ratio.
layout and size of the mold shrinkage and the like is also a great influence
obvious.
selected based on the above factors, high precision plastic parts should be
selected small plastic shrinkage fluctuation range, and leave room for the
2) flowability
In the molding process, the plastic melt in the ability to fill the mold
plastic. Plastic poor fluidity, is not easy to fill the cavity, easy to produce
plastic, the cavity may be filled with a smaller molding pressure. But
mobility. Plastic filler is added, the fluidity of the resin decreases, and
improved fluidity of the melt flow path at the corner of the rounded
melt index, the length of the helix, to compare the apparent viscosity and
analysis, small molecular weight, high melt index, length of the helix, a
forms, the exhaust system), the cooling system design, the melt flow
resistance factors (e.g., plastic wall thickness is too thin, sharp corner use,
3) compatibility
Compatibility refers to different kinds of plastic two or more,
delamination, peeling and the like when mixed melt. Compatibility their
4), hygroscopic
bubbles, and the like after forming silver defect. Thus, not only increases
the difficulty of molding, but also reduces the surface quality and
and the quality of molded plastic parts, large hygroscopic tendency, and
5), heat-sensitive
human body and some gas, equipment and tooling are damage, some
molds and chrome cartridge, does not allow the material stagnation dead,
back pressure and screw speed measures. Stabilizers may also be added in
1), shrinkage
of the same thermoplastic. The main reason for the contraction are:
(1) heat-shrinkable
process, the linear molecular structure into a network structure, since the
After the plastic removed from the mold, the pressure on the plastic
parts disappears due to elastic recovery, shrink plastic parts will cause a
but the mold is pressed against the wall around the plastic parts to
not occur a large portion of the deformation, and therefore tend to plastic
difference is too large, the method can be used to quickly release remedy.
Effects shrinkage factors and thermoplastics are also the same, there
are raw materials, mold structure and forming method of molding process
conditions. Type and content of plastic resin and a filler, will directly
affect the size shrinkage. When many of the resins used in the curing
reaction releasing low molecular weight volatiles, when there are fewer
larger shrinkage ;; low molecular weight volatiles evolved, more
shrinkage when the plastic increases higher filler content or the filler an
the mold structure dense plastic parts, can reduce shrinkage of the plastic
plastic parts than the injection molding shrinkage small. Where can dense
plastic parts, the front molding element low molecular weight volatiles
2) flowability
the length of its extruded from the die orifice (not counting coarse
portion), namely the pull Seeger liquidity, its value is large, the flow is
good.
levels:
units; compression rate ratio or volume ratio of both the plastic and the
The volume ratio of the compression rate represents the degree of loose
Larger than the volume and the compression ratio, the loading
chamber requires a large volume, but also that the inflatable plastic more
difficult the exhaust gas, the molding cycle is long, productivity is low;
and the volume is smaller than the compression ratio, and is conducive to
too small, the charge will result in the volumetric method places the feed
amount is not accurate. Volume ratio and compression are different kinds
of plastic, with a plastic, which in turn plastic shape, particle size and
uniformity vary the volume ratio and compression ratio. 4), moisture and
and volatile matter but not processed in a timely manner, the following
defines vent grooves or provided when the exhaust process step pressing
5) curing properties
speed not only varieties of plastic, but also to shape plastic parts, wall
can accelerate the curing time speed. In addition, the curing rate should
time. But when the cavity is filled, at high temperature and pressure
should be fast curing. Slow curing plastics will molding cycle becomes
can be compared.
pipe, plastic plate, a plastic rope, and the carrier is not high parts, such as
gears, bearings and the like; pressure polyethylene molding method most
packaging films and various injection molded articles and molded articles
temperature, the filling rate should be fast, fully packing; cooling rate,
must be sufficiently cooled, the mold should be set when the release force
may be easy to mold soft, plastic parts have a shallow side cavity; with a
cooling system.
is only 0.90 ~ 0.91g / cm³. It does not absorb water, good gloss, easy
coloring.
suitable for molding and the like; polyethylene has many properties that
are not, such as yield strength, tensile strength, compression strength and
hinge (various container cap and body unity), through bending the end of
the opening and closing times 70,000,000 cause damage and breakage.
Melting point of polypropylene is 164 ° C ~ 170 ° C, heat resistance,
water, steam, acid and other various lining, surface coating pipelines,
cool the cooling circuit, note that the molding temperature control . When
PVC is one of the most productive varieties of plastic. Its rich source
resin was white or light yellow powder, just like flour, granulated after
resin, it can be made from a variety of hard, soft products. Pure PVC
density 1.4g / cm³, the added plasticizer and filler density in the range of
elastic, rubber-like, but more light than the rubber, more durable. At room
temperature is less than the elastic rubber, but corrosion resistance than
rubber, are not afraid of concentrated acid, of concentrated alkali damage,
not affected by oxygen and ozone, cold ability. Good formability, but low
properties and the like are not hard polyvinyl chloride, and easy to aging.
between -15 ° C ~ 55 ° C.
decorations and the like; due to good electrical insulation properties, may
cross-section, the material stagnation may not have a blind spot. Mold
high frequency insulating material, be on a par with the molten Shi Ying.
10% -30% hydrochloric acid, dilute acetic acid and other organic acids,
nitric acid, and the oxidizing agent but intolerant effect, water, ethanol,
gasoline, vegetable oils and various salts there was also sufficient
corrosion resistance. Its low heat resistance, are not only used at high
toys.
angle to the shaping member should not be too small, uniform force to the
ejector; large thermal expansion coefficient, the plastic insert should have,
noted that, to prevent the forming of burrs, and the mold design mostly
output, the most widely used engineering plastics. ABS odorless, white to
property.
through any color. The disadvantage is that the heat resistance is not high,
panel, tank shell, battery slot, refrigerators and refrigerator liners and the
used sandwich panel production car body ABS; ABS may also be used to
make the case of water, textile equipment, electrical parts, stationery and
ABS easy to absorb water, so that the mark appears to shape the
surface, defects such as moire. To this end, the forming process should be
nylon 1010, nylon 610, nylon 66, nylon 6, nylon 9, nylon 11 and the like.
high, close to the level of the steel. Due to the highly crystalline nylon,
steel. Nylon alkali, weak acid, but strong acids and oxidants can erode
the friction reducing agents, stabilizers, lubricants, fillers like glass fibers
mechanical strength.
and electrical parts, such as bearings, gears, rollers, rollers, pulleys, pump
Ye Lun, fan blades, worm, high pressure seal snap rings, gaskets, valve
seats, pipeline, oil container, a rope, a belt, a battery case, electrical coils
and other parts, may also be thermally sprayed onto a nylon powder metal
part surface, or to improve wear resistance as the wear parts of the repair
use.
beneficial made of thin-walled plastic parts, but is more prone to fly side,
the mold must be selected so that a minimum gap; nylon poor thermal
rollers, rolls, gears and other transmission parts wear, can also be used to
spring.
and other surface defects. So, faster injection, injection pressure is not too
extrusion can be forced, with the plastic surface may wrinkle pattern.
fan assembly, dial, instrument case, wiring boards. The polycarbonate can
vacuum drying process; high melt temperature, high melt viscosity, poor
the general methods used to increase the fluidity of the molten plastic.
glass; it is light and tough, easy to color, has good electrical insulation
plexiglass rods, tubes, plates and other profiles, for secondary processing
into plastic; powder may also be prepared for molding. Its biggest
nap.
like was observed with certain aspects of the transparency and strength of
yellowing and silver influence the quality of plastic parts, the raw
requirements Bakelite people of all the fiber or powder filler. Bakelite can
plates. The different filler used, there are paper, cloth, wood, glass and
asbestos cloth, and other laminated plastic. Phenolic cloth and glass cloth
laminated plastic has excellent mechanical properties, oil resistance and a
bearings, guide wheels, silent gears, bearings and electrical and structural
laminated plastic bearings and gears in the lubrication and cooling water;
asbestos cloth laminated plastic working parts are mainly used at high
temperatures.
housings, fan leaves , acid pump Ye Lun, gears, and cams and the like.
Before the end of curing, which is a thermoplastic resin linear, only (e.g.,
compounds such as amines and anhydrides) after cross-linking curing
agent was added to the polymer infusible body structure, it has practical
value as plastic.
Many types of epoxy resin, widely used, there are many excellent
variety of casting molds can be Shi Ying powder, various products can
Good fluidity, fast curing speed; epoxy heat poor rigidity, small
before pouring; not precipitate any byproducts during curing, without the
12), aminoplast
powder and the like made of bleached pulp. Urea - formaldehyde plastic
mineral oils, mold-resistant, but its poor water resistance after long-term
the ability of the boiling water resistance and tea, coffee and other
accessories.
therefore the pre-dried before use; melamine plastic since weak acid
corrosion, and note that the exhaust gas during the molding ; as good
fluidity, fast curing speed, and thus preheating the molding temperature
plastic parts with plastic insert Shen easy to produce stress concentration,
injectionMolding
so far, almost all of the thermoplastic molding unit can use this method, a
from the hopper of the injection machine barrel is heated, the feedstock
was heated and melted flowable state after forward movement of the
plunger or a screw driven through the cartridge to the tip of the nozzle
very high speed low temperature closed injection mold cavity, the cavity
filled with the melt solidified after cooling to retain the shape imparted by
the mold cavity, and mold parting obtain a molded plastic parts.
plastic parts of the size, shape and thickness of the mold structure, and a
plastic parts.
following preparations:
like. In order to make the plastic molded out more beautiful, or to meet
exceeds a certain amount, it will cause defects of the plastic parts will
have serious bubbles affect the quality of the precision plastic parts and
there is an oven drying method, infrared drying, hot plate drying, high
b) preheating the insert metal inserts for plastic shrinkage rate and
vary greatly, so that when the plastic is cooled, the insert is generated
around the large internal stress, resulting in the plastic layer around the
insert and cracks decrease the strength. Thus preheating of the metal
insert prior to the molding temperature of the plastic base of the insert
For stress cracking less likely to occur when the plastic molding, and
the insert member is small, the preheating may not be necessary. Preheat
temperature not to damage the surface of the metal insert zinc plated or
to 150 ° C.
barrel originally remaining in the plastic and the plastic to be used when a
proper mold design, but because of the complexity of the plastic parts or
Since the raw material injection type, shape, structure plastic parts,
of preparations prepared before molding plastic parts are not exactly the
same.
molding of plastic parts. Excessive addition, the heating time is too long
machine while power loss increases; the addition is too small, lacks
pressure transmission medium within the cartridge, the plastic melt in the
cavity pressure is reduced, is difficult to fill the plastic (i.e. fill pressure),
having good plasticity called plasticizing process. The main factors that
tends to be more uniform; while the shearing action of the screw can
generate more friction heat in the plastic, to promote the plasticization of
the plastic, thus plasticizing screw injection plunger type plastic injection
process can be divided into filling, packing, back, the gate cooling stages
front end of the barrel, through a nozzle and into the mold gating system
continuously added near the gate into the mold cavity in the plastic
releasing the pressure in the cavity, the melt pressure in the cavity at this
time is higher than the front of the gate, if the gate has not been frozen,
occurs in the cavity through the sprue melt gating system backflow flow,
the security gate before the end of the press had been frozen and then
After cooling gate freeze When the plastic casting system has
new material, while Walter cooling water, oil or air other cooling medium,
further cooling of the mold, this phase is called the gate to freeze after
cooling. In fact the cooling process from the plastic into the cavity begins,
the action of the eject mechanism pushed out of the mold the plastic parts.
original solid improper, the internal plastic parts inevitably some internal
Annealing
(such as hot water, hot mineral oils, glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid
paraffin and the like for some time, and then slowly cooled.
too high, otherwise the plastic parts will have warpage; temperature is not
improving the stable crystal structure of the elastic modulus and hardness,
Steaming
or stored in air and absorbs water easily expanded, need a very long time
toughness of the plastic member, so that the impact toughness and tensile
strength increased.
But not after all the plastic parts to be processed, you can not post
itself is lower and the glass transition temperature, the internal stress can
process conditions is a key factor to ensure the smooth and molded plastic
(1) Temperature
end in its viscous flow temperature (Tf) or more; for plastics should be
controlled in the crystalline melting point (Tm) above. But whatever type
amorphous or crystalline plastic, the cylinder temperature can not exceed
the decomposition temperature of the plastic itself (Td). That is, the barrel
be taken. For the wide range between viscous flow temperature and the
temperature and time of the cartridge in the barrel of the plastic stay,
degradation.
Glass fiber reinforced plastics, with increasing glass fiber content, melt
molding machine alone and torpedo cartridge wall surface of the heat,
and the material layer is thick, slow warming, and therefore the cylinder
will be mixed and stirred to obtain more shear frictional heat, the material
layer is thin, rapid heating, and therefore the cylinder temperature can be
D plastic parts and a mold structure for thin-walled plastic parts, its
respective narrow cavity, the melt filling resistance, fast cooling, in order
to improve the melt flow, easy to fill the cavity, barrel temperature should
temperature was kept constant gradient, close to the hopper section (feed
plastic, after and half of the metering section temperature is higher than
the melting point of the plastic; maximum temperature of the front end of
the nozzle.
b) nozzle temperature slightly lower than the nozzle temperature is
the barrel long heating time, barrel temperature should be slightly more;
plastic mold cavity cooling rate faster, can greatly shorten the molding
however, prone to fusion marks, sink marks etc. defects, affecting the
appearance of the plastic mass weight. The mold temperature is too high,
plastic parts slow cooling, the molding cycle is made longer; easy
plastic parts.
of the cooling medium is controlled; also by way of melt into the mold
(2) Pressure
When using screw means the injection machine, the screw top of the
improve the uniformity, and the toner mixed exhaust gas in the melt.
b) Injection pressure
applied.
injection filling process, the melt having a certain filling rate; melt
thickness of the plastic parts of the gating system and the like.
In general:
pressure;
Molding;
pressure.
5s, dwell time of 20 ~ 120s), mold cooling time (30 ~ 120s), other times
(mold opening, mold release, a release agent spraying, the insert is placed
clamping time)
was added directly to solid molding material into the mold cavity at the
material under pressure to fill the cavity, when the plastic polymer
press, the compression mold structure is simple (no gating system), the
small plastic parts and the like. The disadvantage is that the molding
filling the cavity, the mold is cooled to solidify the need to obtain a
a) Preloading
Using a pre-die on the material pressed into a mass pre-press, similar
to the shape of ingots. When the forming ingot at a number into the
purposes: First, the plastic was dried to remove moisture and other
molding cycle and improve the internal plastic parts uniformity of cure,
While improving the fluidity of the plastic melt, reducing the molding
clamping, exhaust, and release the curing several stages, during the
The key addition is the increase of quantity. There are three ways of
When the material added to the cavity, a logical stack, so as to avoid local
cycle, to avoid a chemical reaction occurs before the plastic mold, should
speed up the rate of addition; after the punch contacts the plastic, to
prevent the insert or mold molded parts are damaged, and the cavity
sufficient to exclude air, should slow down the speed of mold, i.e. a
c) an exhaust
sometimes need to punch the relief loose some time, so that the exhaust
gas therein. The number is usually one to two times of the exhaust gas,
d) curing
When the compression molding of thermosetting plastics, plastics
state within the mold cavity a reaction with a curing agent to form a
to achieve the best performance. Cure rate of the plastic is not high, in
the mold to complete the curing process (especially some plastics harden
too slow), a release complete can be simply plastic molding to end, then
using the method of after-treatment (post bake) to complete the cure. The
Release release. When the core or with lateral inserts must use special
blade to remove residual plastics in the waste side of the mold, then the
the polishing agent is not easy to wipe clean deleted by the above method.
b) after treatment
reducing the moisture and volatile matter, etc., will help improve the
time.
pressure of the plastic melt when the punch and the cavity filled with the
material to increase the density and the intrinsic quality of plastic parts,
substances and moisture plastic produced, the mold closed, to ensure that
the plastic has a dimensionally stable shape to reduce the burr, preventing
structure and a mold temperature and other factors, in general, the smaller
the flow of plastic, plastic and thicker the more complex shape, and the
plastic compression ratio, the higher the curing speed, the desired forming
filling the mold and finally cured primary forming process factors,
level of filling is smooth, but also affect the curing speed during molding,
temperature of the plastic is not full of high flows during each part of the
resin will decompose and organic, plastic surface color is dark. Since the
outer layer is first cured plastic parts, affect the flow of material, filling
large depth most obvious plastic parts. Meanwhile, since the moisture and
plastic parts prone to swelling when the module is turned on, cracking,
warping and the like; if the mold temperature is too low, insufficient
properties decline.
plastic parts, this time is called the compression time. Compression time
and type of plastic (resin type, volatile content, etc.), the shape of plastic
parts, the compression molding process conditions and other procedures
curing speed, reducing the time required for compression, thus improving
improve the heat resistance and other physical and mechanical properties.
basis of.
Forming principle:
into a viscous flow, and the plunger in a press after the plastic melt
casting system filled cavity under pressure, continue to heat the plastic in
Transfer molding and injection molding are the similarities are melt
into the cavity through the runner system, except that the former is in the
plastic filling the mold cavity plasticized, while the latter is in the plastic
(1) injection-molding the front mold has been closed, the plastic
press plunger which passes crowded cavity and the narrow runner and
gate, due to friction, the plastic can uniformly and quickly through the
heat curing. Therefore, even dense product performance, good quality.
(3) since the forming material has been plasticized before entering
the large-size cavities, the small cores or inserts to the pressing force
plastic parts with deep holes may be formed more complex shapes and
Narrow band or frangible plastic insert, may also be molded plastic parts
(4) feeding the molding material in the cavity has been softened by
heat, and therefore, when the temperature of the material into the mold
efficiency.
Disadvantages:
the cavity
Leaving a portion of the total feed I and feed condensate pouring system
to produce plastic parts and stress anisotropy, in particular when the fiber
plastic parts.
factors which are related to plastic varieties, mold structure, plastic and so
on.
loading of the piston chamber of the plastic melt is applied. Since the
190 ° C, because the heat from the friction part made of plastic by
smooth plastic Beng person without making burr phenomena, but also to
avoid plastic material shortage occurs, blistering, seams and other defects.
crosslinking or curing time, release time and taking clean mold plastic
while the cure time depends on types of plastic, plastic parts of the size,
180s.
processing method.
Thermoplastic extrusion molding principle: First, particulate or
rotating extruder screw, heated plastic conveyed forward along the screw
the outer and the screw receiving material and the shear frictional heat
between the material and the material between the barrel and the
materials, the melt was gradually viscous flow state, then the action of the
extrusion system under the plastic melt through an extrusion die having a
certain shape (head) and a series of auxiliary die means (shaping, cooling,
such as tubes, rods, wires, plates, films, wire and cable coating and the
like coating of plastic parts. Coloring extrusion, granulation and the like
manufacture maintenance.
(3) plastic parts within an organization closely balanced, more stable
Change the die head, cross-sectional shape and size of the product
After the plastic material is dried after treatment by the hopper of the
called plasticizers.
Plasticized plastic melt with uniform rotation of the screw moves the
front end of the cartridge, under the action of the rotating screw extrusion,
cooling process, so that the continuous plastic extrusion profile has cured
plastic article. In most cases, the cooling and shaping are done
simultaneously, only extrusion bar and the various tubes, have a separate
of press rolls flattened, shape and has a cooling effect. Available methods
styling pipe sizing sleeve, the sizing ring and the sizing plate, there is also
approach, the inner and outer tube is a pressure differential firmly against
Generally using air cooling or water cooling, the cooling rate has a
polystyrene, PVC, and low density polyethylene, etc.) can not cool too
quickly, otherwise easily lead to residual stress, and affect the appearance
After the plastic extruded from the die, usually due to a sudden
release pressure die swell phenomenon occurs, and then cooling the
shrink phenomenon occurs, so that the size and shape of the plastic parts
parts, plastic parts can not be successfully extruded. Thus, while cooling,
rate is generally slightly larger than the pulling speed of the extrusion rate,
plastic parts while proper stretching can improve quality. Different plastic
parts of different pulling speed. Normally, the pulling speed of the film
and the monofilament can be faster, because of its large drawing speed,
properties.
(such as a rod, tube, plate, sheet, etc.) on the cutting device, or wound on
cable). Further, some plastic parts, such as a film or the like may also
(1) Temperature
molding temperature of the plastic melt shall refer to, but it largely
each zone temperature, is adjusted by the heating and cooling system and
the plastic, the temperature at the die head temperature lower than, but
temperature, the plastic parts will residual stress, strength and surface
unevenness points dull matte defects. Many factors such fluctuations and
screw speed changes, but the choice of screw design and quality of the
greatest impact.
(2) Pressure
changing the screw groove depth filter and the filter plate, and the like
hinder the die, and thus in the axial direction of the cartridge, a certain
Increase the head pressure can improve the mixing uniformity and
stability of the extruded melt, increase product density, but too great head
changes in the screw speed, the heating, cooling systems are unstable
Extrusion rate (also known as extrusion rate) per unit time within the
extruder die extruded plastic mass (in kg / h) or the length (in m / min).
Characterization of the size of the rate of extrusion of low extrusion
capacity.
Many factors affect the rate of extrusion, such as the structure of the
head, and the screw barrel, the screw speed, heating and cooling
practice have proved that the extrusion rate with a screw diameter, depth
of spiral groove, and the length of each screw speed increases, with the
end of the screw and the screw to the barrel melt pressure gap increases.
In the case of the structure and the types of plastic and plastic parts of the
extruder type has been determined, the extrusion rate and screw speed
only, and therefore, the screw speed is adjusted to control the extrusion
affect the accuracy of the geometry and size of plastic parts. Thus, in
the traction means must be provided. Extruded from the die head and the
plastic parts, stretch orientation will occur in the traction force. The
plastic parts in greater tensile strength, but also large length contraction
extrusion. The ratio of drawing speed to the extrusion speed of said draw
Design Principles:
plastic molded plastic parts of larger size, whereas the size of plastic parts
press and the press working pressure of maximum limit the maximum
to the dimensions of the degree of accuracy, i.e. the size of plastic parts
deviation.
the surface roughness of the forming die part, the roughened surface of
the plastic parts of generally 1.6 ~ 0.2μm, the mold surface roughness
instability and the like. Visual defects by the plastic molding process
requirements of the process and has good structure - plastic parts meet
the requirements under the premise that the structure forming process
followed:
overall structure of the mold, the mold cavity is easy to design and
process of the raw material, such as fluidity, shrinkage and the like,
plastic shaped facilitate mold parting, the exhaust gas, feeding and
cooling.
shape
Inner and outer surface shape of the molded plastic parts should be
Draft angle
stripping slope, but the following should be noted in the specific draft is
selected points:
(1) Where high precision plastic parts, using a smaller draft angle
should
(2) Where higher, larger size, should use a smaller draft angle
of the slope
(6) If required the molded piece is held in the release draft angle
of the inner surface side of the core, the plastic parts may be
the draft angle should be less than the outer surface of the inner
surface, but when the inner and outer surfaces of the draft angle
thickness
the shaft, the small end of the size of the big end by the size reduction
required to ensure the slope. Guaranteed by the small end hole size
size of the size of the end to take two limit calculated stripping slope.
Wall thickness
thermoset plastic small minimum wall thickness is 0.6 - 2.5 mm, large
Reinforcing ribs
① reinforcing ribs should be less than the thickness of the part thickness,
② reinforcing rib end surface height should not exceed the height of
high ribs, the distance between the ribs and the ribs should be greater than
direction of the force, and as far as possible consistent with the direction
designed to be shorter.
plastic parts.
parts, should have adequate draft angle, it should be provided with side
gussets, to disperse stress loads. Boss junction with the base surface
should have a sufficient amount of arc transition. It should be at least
twice the diameter of the boss aperture. Projection height should not
exceed twice the outer diameter of the boss. Boss wall thickness should
not exceed 3/4 of the wall thickness of the base surface, as well 1/2.
Rounded
Plastic fillet not less than 0.5 ~ 1mm, typically 1.5 bullnose, fillet R1
is 0.5.
parts, improve the melt flow, to facilitate release, the mold cavity is not
Hole design
③ When the diameter is less than 1.5 mm or depth (H) is greater than the
When two holes are similar, the design should be an elongated hole,
such as hole should be provided for the fixing bosses; punch holes
machining shape.
outer diameter of 4mm, inner diameter of no less than 2mm; plastic screw
times the diameter of the screw; screw innermost rim and the outermost
Insert design
stability of the plastic parts. In the plastic insert member must be reliably
secured. The insert must be positioned reliably within the mold, the insert
and the fit of the template holes H8 / f8 molding. Thickness around the
release. Mark projection height of not less than 0.2 ㎜, the line width of
not less than 0.3 mm, typically 0.8 mm, the distance is not less than two
lines of 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm high above the border pattern than the pattern.
Hinge design
species like can be made directly to the hinge, the hinge portion should be
thin, typically 0.25 to 0.4 mm, the melt must flow through a hinge portion,