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Paints
Paint is any colored liquid which on drying, form a thin surface coat
and has specific functions it performs.
Paints are used to protect metals, timber, or plastered surfaces from
the corrosive effects of weather, heat, moisture or gases etc and to
improve their appearance
Composition of paints
Fundamental components of an oil-based paint are:
1. Body
2. Vehicle
3. Pigment
4. Thinner
5. Dryer
1. Body
Oils most commonly used as vehicle are linseed oil, poppy oil,
It is widely used for painting hot water pipes, gas tanks, marine
piers, oil storage tanks, radiators, etc.
2) Enamel paint
This paint is prepared by adding base like white lead or zinc
white to a vehicle which is a varnish. To obtain the desired
colour, coloring pigments may also be added. This paint dries
slowly and forms a hard, durable, smooth, glossy, solid thin
film. Enamel painted surfaces are washable and are not affected
by acids, alkalis, gases or steam.
Enamel paints can be used both for interior as well as exterior
painting.
3) Cellulose paint
This type of paint is prepared from cellulose sheets, nitro-cotton
and photographic films. This paint dries very quickly and
provides a flexible, hard and smooth surface. The paint does not
harden by oxidation but by evaporation of thinning agent. The
surface of the paint can be easily washed and cleaned. It remains
unaffected by hot water, smoky or acidic atmosphere. This paint
is used for painting cars, aero planes etc.
4) Zinc paint
It is now extensively used for indoor and outdoor use for white paints
especially on metallic surfaces. Zinc oxide has great weathering
power. Zinc sulphide gives luminous and fluorescent paints that are
used to illuminate maps and aircraft instruments at night. This paint is
some time also called luminous paint.
5) Emulsion paint
By Engr. Asghar Hussain Shah Page 4
LECTURE#05
6) Bituminous Paint
Preparation of paints
The two are then thoroughly mixed to form the desired paint
Applications of Paints
Defects in Painting
The following defects may occur in painted surface :
Fading
The paint may lose some of its colour due to effects of sunrays on
colouring pigments.
Flaking
Due to poor adhesion, paint may peel off from the surface.
Grinning
If the opacity of the final coat is insufficient, the back ground of
the painted surface is clearly visible. This defect is known as
grinning.
Bloom
Due to bad ventilation or defective paint, dull patches are
developed on the painted surface.
Flashing
Composition
i) Resins
ii) solvents
iii) Driers
i) Resins: commonly used resins are copal, mastic,
amber gum and lac copal is considered to be the toughest,
hardest, and is very durable for external work.
ii) Solvents: boiled linseed oil is used to dissolve copal
or amber, methylated spirit is used for lac.
iii) Driers: these should be added in small quantities.
Litharge or lead acetate is the commonly used driers
in varnish, added to accelerate drying process.
Types of varnishes
Body made from natural resin obtained from certain trees. Natural
resin obtained from living trees or from fossils (which are superior)
Vehicle in varnish is the same as used in oil-based paint. Resins
dissolved in oil ►mixture heated to temperature (500-600OF)
depending on the amount of gloss required. Oil and natural resin
varnish ►OLEO RESINOUS varnish. Thinner and dryers used in
varnish are the same as used in oil based paints