Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Glucose and amino acids are cotransported with sodium against their gradient by SECONDARY ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
note: tubular cells have a limited number of co-tranpsort carriers therefore there is a transport limit! Tm
e.g. glucose has a Tm of 373, we usually absorb 125. this is useful because when we eat a meal
we will have more glucose to reabsorb
note: when it comes to cotransporting, if there is too high a concentration of one, the other won't get
transported.
Cl has a paracellular route in reabsorption, flows against its electrical gradient (thanks to Na)
Water
through aquaporins
peritubular capillaries have a high oncotic pressure, pulling H2O out of the ISF
IF there is a high amount of solute in the proximal convoluted tubule, Na starts leaking back, and it
brings water with it - osmotic diuresis
Passive Reabsorption
in the proximal convoluted tubule and the thin descending limb, there are ALWAYS aquaporins
therefore 75% of H2O is obligatorily reabsorbed.
AQP2 in the principal cells of the DCT and collecting ducts is regulated by vasopressin
vasopressin binds to membrane recceptors activating the cAMP 2nd messanger system. this
inserts AQP2 pores into the luminal membrane. --> more water reabsorbed.
vasopressin has the most effect in the cortical collecting ducts and the medullary collecting duct
a. ECF osmolarity
detected by barorecepters and stretch receptors in the atria. if low they stimulate
release of vasopressin
brattleboro rats
Urea
leaky tight junctions are moderately permeable to urea (50% gets reabsorped)
epithelial membrane transporters in the THIN LoH secrete urea BACK INTO LUMEN
tight junctions in the LoH, distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts are impermeable