Apple - Ragan - BOOK Nomenclature of The Apple - 1905

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
It
BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY— BULLETIN NO. 56.
B. T. GALLOWAY, ChkJ nj lUueati.
NOMENCLATURE OF THE APPLE;

A CATALOGUE OF THE KNOWN VARIETIES REFERRED
TO IN AMERICAN PUBLICATIONS FROM
1804 TO 1904.
COMPILED BY
i>^ A
W/HfRAbAN,
Expert in Pomological, Nomenclature.
POMOLOGICAL I^fVESTIGATIONS.
Issued Januauy 25, 1905.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
19 5. îX
^00
BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. SB 36'c
B. T. GALLOWAY,
Pathologist and Phystiofogist, arid Chief of Bureau.
VEGETABLE PATHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS.
Albert F. Woods, Pathologist and Physiologist in Charge,
Acting Chief of Bureaxi in Absence of Chief.
BOTANICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS.
Frederick V. Coville, Botanist in Charge.
GRASS AND FORAGE PLANT INVESTIGATIONS.

W. J. Spillman, Agrostologist in Charge.
POMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS.
G. B. Brackett, Pomologist in Charge.
SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION.
A. J. PiETERS, Botanist in Charge.
ARLINGTON EXPERIMENTAL FARM.
L. C. CoRBETT, Horticulturist in Charge.
EXPERIMENTAL GARDENS AND GROUNDS.
E. M. Byrxes, Superintendent.
J. E. Rockwell, Editor.
James E. Jones, Chief Clerk.
POMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS.
SCIENTIFIC STAFF.
G. B. Brackett, Pomologist.
Wm. a. Taylor, Pomologist in Charge of Field Investigations.

G. Harold Powell, Pomologist in Charge of Fruit Storage Investigations.
H. P. Gould, Assistant Pomologist in Charge of Fruit District Investigatiorui.
George C. Husmann, Viticidturist.
S.H. Fulton, Assistant Pomologist in Charge of Fruit Storage Investigations.

W. H. Ragan, Expert in Pomological Nomenclature.
.«. .'.
JAN 8 1907
D.ofa
:V.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
U. S. Departjient of Agriculture,
Bureau of Plant Industry,
Office of the Chief,
Washingto'n,, D. (7., January 6", IdOlf,.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript of a

catalogue of varieties of the apple, and respectfully recommend that
itbe published as Bulletin No. 56 of the series of this Bureau.
This catalogue was prepared by Mr. W. H, Ragan, Special Pomo-
logical Agent, under the direction of the Pomologist.
Respectfully,
B. T. Galloavay,
Chief of JBureau.
Hon. James Wilson,
Secretary of Agriculture.
3
PREFACE.
The pomologists and fruit growers of this country have long felt
the want of a comprehensive publication on the nomenclature of culti-

vated fruits.
The standard American authors of pomological works have dealt
mostly with select lists of varieties, naming and describing only those
possessing qualities that commended them to the several writers, and
which were, therefore, considered worthj^ of a place in their respective
volumes. These authors have not invariably given preference to the
same leading name for a variety. There are numerous instances where
a variet}" appears under a particular name in the publication of one
author, while it is referred to as a synonym or is entirely omitted by
another writer.
For fully fifty years the American Pomological Society has dili-
gently and intelligently labored for a correct and uniform nomencla-
ture of fruits, but it has been hampered by lack of means and facilities
for accomplishing more than a limited amount of this work. Under
the auspices of the Division of Pomology of the Department of Agri-
culture, a dozen years ago the veteran pomologist Mr. T. T. Lyon,
of South Haven, Mich., was appointed a special agent to carry forward
this laudable work. At his death the work was undertaken by Mr.
W. H. Ragan, of Greencastle, Ind., a man equally versed in fruits,
and one who possessed natural qualifications, a long experience in
pomology, and a national reputation in fruit nomenclature. He has
carried this work well forward toward completion so far as it relates
to the apple, and it gives me pleasure to oflfer to the fruit growers
of the country the only approximatel}'^ complete and elaborate cata-
logue of the nomenclature of apples thus far published.
It is the present intention to follow this with similar catalogues of
other cultivated fruits.
G. B. Bkackett,
Pomologist.
Office of the Pomologist,
Washington, D, C. January , 4^, IdOJi..
6
CONTENTS,
Introduction 5)
Code of nomenclature American Pcnnological Society

of the . 11
Key to the abbreviations used in citations of authors and publications 12
Alphabetical list of abbreviations used in designating the publications
quoted 13
Catalogue of the known varieties of apples referred to in American publica-
tions from 1804 to 1904 21
Index to the American literature of the apple, 1804 to 1904 375
B. r. I.— 1)1. Pom. I.—23.
NOMENCLATURE OF THE APPLE;

A CATALOGUE OF THE KNOWN VARIETIES REFERUED TO IN AMER-
ICAN PUBLICATIONS FROM 1804 TO 19U4.
INTRODUCTION.
The following catalogue of named varieties of apples, with their
various synonyms, though far from complete, embraces all or nearly
all the names that appear in the published works of American writers
on this fruit; in the seriaP numbers of the Magazine of Horticulture
and of the Horticulturist, during their long periods of publication; in
the transactions of the American Pomological Society, and other sim-
ilar publications; in the reports of the State agricultural experiment
stations; in the lists of Benjamin Buckman and of Charles Gibb; in
the reports of the Pomologist of the United States Department of
Agriculture; in many of the nursery catalogues and trade lists, and in
other available publications.
The primary object of this bulletin is to bring together in one com-
prehensive volume all known names that have appeared in the Ameri-
can literature of the apple. Man}' of these names have been printed
without descriptions of the fruit, and on further investigation some
will doubtless prove to be S3'^non3'ms of other varieties. It is believed
that this publication will be especially useful in correcting and simpli-
fying the nomenclature of the apple now well known to be in more or
less confusion, and that it become a standard guide in the naming of
will
varieties in the future. To nurserymen who should desire correct
names for their varieties, and especialh' to originators, who would
avoid the serious mistake of duplicating names in bestowing them on
their new products, this list must come as a valuable aid and helper.
In the nomenclature of this list the revised rules of the American
Pomological Society have been followed. One of these rules, and per-
haps the most important one, relates to the simplifying of our fruit
nomenclature. All unseemly and superfluously long names are reduced
to the simplest and most intelligible forms that will not bring them in
conflict with other names. The orthography is frequently changed to
9
10 NOMENCLATURE OP^ THE APPLE.
make it conform to the and most approved authorities. This is

latest
notabl^^ true of certain personal names heretofore often misspelled
even by the most careful writers, such as "Rawles" for "Ralls," the
name of the introducer of the apple so well known throughout the
South and West under many names and synonyms, of which "Rawles
Janet" is perhaps the most common. This correction is made as the
result of a careful search of the official records of Amherst County,
Va., where exists indubitable proof that "Caleb Ralls" was noi> "Caleb
Rawles." Other corrections, and by far the most numerous class,
are made to conform to the rules of the United States Board on Geo-
graphic Names. These changes are applied to all names not hereto-
fore in conformity with the decisions of that board, which arc now
followed in all the branches of the Government service. Other changes
that will appear are made in compliance with a common-sense tendency
now generall}" recognized and approved of making a single word of
such names as "Winesap," "Redstreak," and others heretofore often
written or printed as two words.
The catalogue is alphabetically arranged throughout, including both
leading names and synonj'uis. Leading names are, however, invari-
ably followed by citations of authors firstusing them and then by all
their known synonyms. Their descriptions, if given or known, ai'e
presented in abbreviated forms in the tables. These descriptions
appear in the following order: Origin, form, size, color, texture of
flesh, color of tlesh, flavor, quality, use, and season, after which will
often be found some explanatory remarks. Synonyms are followed
by citations of authors first publishing them, and then by their true
names. In the citations of authors for names or for sj^nonyms it has
not alwa^^s been possible to give the first publisher of the name owing
to the inaccessibility of a complete set of pomological publications.
In not a few instances the same name has been applied to two or
more varieties and these have been so confirmed by long usage that it
has been thought impossible to avoid the conflict and therefore inad-
visable to change them. In some of these cases an acceptable synonym
has been substituted for the published leading name; for instance, the
"American Golden Pippin," so called by Mr. Downing, is changed
to "Golding," which the author mentioned gives as a synonym, and
in this way one of the numerous "Golden Pippins" is disposed of.
Others that can not be changed are written with their place of origin
or the author first publishing in an abbreviated form following, to
distinguish them, as " Golden Russet (Eng.)," "Golden Russet (Mass.),"
"Golden Russet (N. Y.)," or "Eureka (Dap.)." In some instances,
however, this rule can not l)e applied, since origins and the names of
authors first publishing are unknown, and concerning such names
there will still remain some degree of uncertainty.
In the long list of Russian varieties nuich confusion and uncertainty
CODE OF NOMENCLATURE. 11
exist as to the several introductions,some of which errors will doubt-

less reappear This problem is, however, being
in this publication.
industriously and intelligentl}^ worked out in the Northwest, where
these Russian apples are of most value and of the greatest promise.
An index to the literature of the subject is appended.
CODE OF NOMENCLATXJRE OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL

SOCIETY.'
PRIORITY.
Rule 1. No two varieties of the same kind of fruit shall bear the
same name. The name first published for a variet}' shall be the
accepted and recognized name, except in cases where it has been
applied in violation of this code.
A. The temi "kind" as herein used shall be understood to apply to those general
which are grouped together in common usage without regard to their
classes of fruits
exact botanical relationship, as apple, cherry, grape, peach, i)lum, raspberry, etc.
B. The paramount right of the originator, discoverer, or introducer of a new variety
to name it, within the limitations of this code, is recognized and emphasized.
C. Where a variety name through long usage has become thoroughly established
in American pomological literature for two or more varieties, it should not be dis-
placed nor radically modified for either sort, except in cases where a well-known
synonym can be advanced to the position of leading name. The several varieties
bearing identical names should be distinguished by adding the name of the author
who first described each sort, or by adding some other suitable distinguishing term
which will insure their identity in catalogues or discussions.
D. Existing American names of varieties which conflict with earlier published
foreign names of the same, or other varieties, but w'hich have become thoroughly
established through long usage, shall not be displaced.
FORM OF NAMES.
Rule 2. The name of a variety of fruit shall consist of a single

word.
A. No variety should be named unless distinctly superior to existing varieties in
some important characteristic, nor until it has been determined to perpetuate it by
bud propagation.
B. In selecting names for varieties the following points should be emphasized:
Distinctiveness, simplicity, ease of pronunciation and spelling, indication of origin
or parentage.
C. The and pronunciation of a varietal name derived from a personal or
spelling
geographicalname should be governed by the rules which control the spelling and
pronunciation of the name from which it was derived.
D. A variety imported from a foreign country should retain its foreign name,
subject only to such modification as is necessary to conform it to this code or to render
it intelligible in English.
E. The name of a person should not be applied to a variety during his life without
his express consent. The name of a deceased horticulturist should not be so applied
« Adopted at Boston, September 10, 1903.

12 NOMENCLATURE OF THE APPLE.
except through formal action by some competent horticultural body, preferably that
with which he was most closely connected.
F. The use of such general terms as seedling, hybrid, pippin, pearmain, beurre,
rare-ripe, damson, etc., is not admissible.
G. The use of a possessive noun as a name is not admissible.
H. The use of a number, either singly or attached to a word, should be considered
only as a temporary expedient while the variety is undergoing preliminary test.
I. In applying the various provisions of this rule to an existing varietal name
which has through long usage become firmly embedded in American pomological
literature, no change shall be made which will involve loss of identity.
Rule In the full and formal citation of a variety name, the

3. name
of the author who tirst published it shall be given.
PUBLICATION.
Rule 4. Publication consists (1) in the distribution of a printed

description of the variety named, giving the distinguishing characters
of fruit, tree, etc., or (2) in the publication of a new name for a variet}'^
which is properly described elsewhere; such publications to be made
in any book, bulletin, report, trade catalogue or periodical, providing
the issue bears the date of its publication and is generally distributed
among nurserymen, fruit-growers, and horticulturists; or (3) in certain
cases the general recognition of a name for a propagated variet}'^ in a
community for a number of years shall constitiute publication of that
name.
A. In determining the name of a variety to which two or more names have been
given in the same publication, that which stands first shall have precedence.
REVISION.
Rule 5. properly published variet}'^ name shall be changed for

No
any reason except conflict with this code, nor shall another variet}' be
substituted for that originally described thereunder.
KEY TO THE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CITATIONS OF AUTHORS

AND PUBLICATIONS.
In order to avoid all undue complications in the initials used, the
particular page where the name of a variety or its synonym is pub-

lished by authors or others is not specified in this catalogue. The
numbers of bulletins, the year in which reports or magazines were
published, or names of the proprietors of the trade catalogues cited,
only are given. Thus "D" indicates that the variety referred to is
mentioned in Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, second
revised edition, 1869; "I11H"'90,"" in the Transactions of the Illinois
State Horticultural Society for 1890; "A'91," in the Proceedings of
the American Pomological Society for 1891; ''I11B45," in the Illinois
Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 45; "MagofH'38," in
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS. 13
the Magazine of Horticulture for 1838; "P'94," in the Report of the

Pomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture for
1894, etc.
The following abbreviations are used in the descriptions of varieties:
Origin: Eur., Europe; Fr., France; Am., America; N. Y., New York; etc.
Form: c, conical; o, ovate; ob, oblate; obi, oblong; r, round.

Size: 1, large; 1-vl, large to very large; m, medium; ml, medium to large; ms,
medium to small; s, small; v, very.
Color: b, blushed; c, crimson; d, dark; g, green; 1, light; p, pale; pu, purple; r,
red; ru, russet; striped; w, white; y, yellow.

a,
Fiesh (texhire): c, crisp; f, fine; fr, firm; j, juicy; m, medium; me, melting; t,
tender; v, very.
Flesh (color): g, green or greenish; s, stained or wine-colored; v, very; w, white
or whitish; y, yellow or yellowish.
Flavor: a, acid; b, brisk; m, mild; p, pleasant; r, rich; s, sweet; sa, subacid; v,
very; vi, vinous.

Quality: b, best; g, good; g-vg, good to very good; p, poor; v, very; vg-b, very
good to best.
Use: c, cider; d, dessert; f, family; k, kitchen; m, market.
Season: e, early; 1, late; m, medium; ml, medium to late; v, very.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN DESIGNATING THE

PUBLICATIONS QUOTED.
A American Pomological Society Proceedings, 1852-190.3.
AB Branson, Abner, catalogue, Westbranch, Iowa.
ABW Wenger, A. B., catalogue, Dayton, Va.
AB&Co Barnes, A., & Co., catalogue, Pleasant Run, Ohio.
ACT Tuttle, A. Clark, catalogue, Baraboo, Wis.
ADF&S Freeman, Mrs. A. D., & Sons, catalogue, Tadmore, Ohio.
AFM Mosby, A. F., catalogue, Richmond, Va.
AHCC&C .. Chadbourne, A. H. C, & Co., catalogue, Worcester, Mass.
AHG Griesa, A. H., catalogue, Lawrence, Kans.
AHortA American Horticultural Annual, 1868-1871.
AHS American Horticultural Society Transactions, 1883-1888.
AJC Collins, Arthur J., catalogue, Moorestown, N. J.
AJofH American Journal of Horticulture, Volumes I-IX.
AKC Clingman, A. K., catalogue, Homer, La.
AlaB Alabama Experiment Station Bulletin.
AlaExR Alabama Experiment Station Report.
AlaNCo Alabama Nursery Co., catalogue, Huntsville, Ala.
AMB Amherst, Massachusetts, Experiment Station Bulletin.
AmF American Farmer, 1820-1881.
AmGar American Gardening, 1883-1902.
AndN Andorra Nurseries, catalogue, Philadelphia, Pa.
AN&OCo... Albaugh Nursery & Orchard Co., Tadmore, Ohio.
AP PuUen, A., catalogue, Milford, Del.
APC American Pomological Congress, 1 Vol., 1850.
ArizB Arizona Experiment Station Bulletin.
ArizExR . . . Arizona Experiment Station Report.
ArkB Arkansas Experiment Station Bulletin.
ArkExR . Arkansas Experiment Station Report.
. .
ArkH Arkansas Horticultural Society Report.

14 NOMENCLATUEE OF THE APPLE.
ASB&S Bassett, A. S., & Son, catalogue, Gainesville, Tex.
A&H Albertson & Hobbs, catalo<rue, Bridgeport, Ind.
B Barry, P., Barry's Fruit (ninlen, 1883.
BAC Craddock, B. A., catalogue. Curve, Tenn.
Bai Bailey, Dr. L. H., Annals of Horticulture.
BBCo Brown Brothers Co., catalogue, Rochester, N. Y.
BBL Buckman, Benj., List of Fruits in Trial r)rchard, Farmingdale, 111.
BBros Baker Brothers, catalogue. Fort Worth, Tex.

BOC Curtis, B. 0., catalogue, Paris, 111.
B(Ph)N Bloomington (Phoenix) Nursery, catalogue, Bloomington, 111.

Bul6,8 Bulletins 6 and 8, Division of Pomology, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
BWS Stone, B. W., catalogue, Thomasville, Ga.
C Coxe, William, A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees, 1817.
CAG Green, Charles A., catalogue, Rochester, N. Y.
CalB Experiment Station Bulletin.
California
CanB Canada Experiment Station Bulletin, Central Exiêriniental Farm,
Ottawa.
CanExR . . . Canada Experiment Station Report, Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa.
CanH Canada Horticulturist, monthly, 1890-1904.
Cat Catalogue, some nursery catalogue; so indexed by Mr. Lyon.
CB Cornell, New York, Experiment Station Bulletin.
CBCo Chase Brothers Co., catalogue, Rochester, N. Y.
CBH Hornor, Charles B., catalogue. Mount Holly, N. J.
CGen Country Gentleman, 1859-1869.

CGP Patten, Chas. G., catalogue, Charles City, Iowa.
CH Hewitt, Clark, catalogue, Waupun, Wis.
ChNCo Cherokee Nursery Co. catalogue, AVaycross, Ga.
,
CLW Watrous, Chas. L. catalogue, Des Moines, Iowa.

,
CN Cumberland Nurseries, catalogue, Nashville, Tenn.

CNC California Nursery Co., catalogue, Niles, Cal.
ColB Colorado Experiment Station Bulletin.
ColExR Colorado Experiment Station Report.
Cole Cole, S. W., The American Fruit Book, 1849.
ColH Colorado Horticultural Society Report.
CtB Connecticut (New Haven) Experiment Station Bulletin.
CtExR Connecticut (New Haven) Experiment Station Report.
CW Wright, Charles, catalogue, Seaford, Del.
D Downing, A. J. and C, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, 1845,
ed., 1869.
Dap Downing' s Appendix I, 1872, II, 1876, and III, 1881, to Fruits and
Fruit Trees of America.
DDH Herr, Daniel D., catalogue, Lancaster, Pa.
DelB Delaware Experiment Station Bulletin.
Del Ex R Delaware Experiment Station Report.
DMM Moore, D. M., catalogue, Ogden, Utah.
DOM Munson, D. O., catalogue. Falls Church, Va.
DomEnc . . . Domestic Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Facts and Useful Knowl-
edge, first American edition, 1804.
DrHS Schroeder, Dr. Herman, catalogue, Bloomington, 111.
D&M Downing & Morris, catalogue, Clinton, Ind.
E Elliott, F. R., Elliott's Fruit Book, 1854.
ECNCo Elm City Nursery Co., catalogue, New Haven, Conn.
EFS Stephens, E. F., catalogue, Crete, Nebr.

EGM Mendenhall, P]. G., catalogue, Kinnuindy, 111.
EH Hoyt, Edward, catalogue, Scotch (irrove, Iowa.
EMB Buechly, E. M., catalogue, Greenville, Ohio.
EON Eastern Oregon Nurseries, catalogue. Union, Oreg.
EPS Smith, E. P., catalogue, (rresham, Oreg.
EWK Kirkjiatrick, E. W., catalogue, McKinney, Tex.
EWR Reid, E. W., catalogue, Bridgeport, Ohio.
E&B Ellwanger & Barry, catalogue, Rochester, N. Y., 1873-1893.
F Fitz, J. W., The Southern Apple and Peach CUilturist, 1872.
FDNCo Franklin Davis Nursery Co., catalogue, Richmond, Va.
FEY Young, Fred. E., catalogue, Rochester, N. Y.
FF&S Ford, Frank & Son, catalogue, Ravenna, Ohio.
FHC Chappel, F. H. catalogue, Oregon, Wis.
,
FlaB Florida Experiment Station Bulletin.

FlaExR Florida Experiment Station Report.
FlaH Florida Horticultural Society Report.
FSP .... Phoenix, F. S., catalogue, Bloomington, 111.
FTR Ramsey, F. T., catalogue, Austin, Tex.

FWK Kelsey, F. W., catalogue, Rochester, N. Y., 1877-1893.
F&L Eraser & Lippincott, catalogue, HuntHville, Ala.
G Goodrich, Chauncey, Northern Fruit Culturist, 1850.
GaB Georgia Experiment Station Bulletin.
GaExR Georgia Experiment Station Report.
GaH Georgia Horticultural Society Report.
GarCal American Gardener's Calendar, Bernard McMahon, 1806.
GarM Gardener's Monthly, 1859-1885.
GAS Sweet, George A., catalogue, Dansville, N. Y.
Gb Gibb, Charles, U. S. Department of Agriculture, List of Russian
Varieties of Apples.
GB Greening Bros., catalogue, Monroe, Mich.
GBB Brackett, G. B., catalogue, Denmark, Iowa.
GenF Genesee Farmer, 1832-1854.
GeoR Ruedy, George, catalogue, Colfax, Wash.
GQ&S Gould, Geo., & Sou, catalogue, Villaridge, 111.
GHM&S Miller, Geo. H., & Son, catalogue, Rome, (ra.
GHW... ... Whiting, Geo. H., catalogue, Yanktcm, S. Dak.
GJC Carpenter, G. J., catalogue, Fairbury, Nebr.
GJK&S Kellogg, Geo. J., & Sons, catalogue, Janesville, Wis.
GLA Anthony, G. L., catalogue, Vandalia, N. C.
GLT Taber, Geo. L., catalogue, Glen Saint Mary, Fla.
GNM Moyer, G. N., catalogue, Laketon, Ind.
GO Onderdonk, Gilbert, catalogue, Nursery, Tex.
Govlist List of Russian Varieties Introduced by U. S. Department of
Agriculture, 1870.
G&S Gardner & Sons, catalogue, Osage, Iowa.
H Hooper, E. J., Hooper's Western Fruit Book, 1857.
HB&T Hoopes Bro. & Thomas, catalogue, Westchester, Pa.
HFH Hillenmeyer, H. F., catalogue, Lexington, Ky.
HGO Hale Georgia Orchard Co., catalogue. Fort Valley, ia.
(
HG&Co Hoover & Gaines Co., catalogue, Dayton, Ohio.

HMHS History of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 1880.
HMSCo Simpson, H. M.,Co., catalogue, Vincennes, Ind.
Hort Horticulturist, The, monthly, 1846-1875.
Hov Hovey, C. M., the Fruits of America, 1851.
HPN Hart Pioneer Nurseries, catalogue, Fort Scott, Kans.
HSR&S Rupp, Henry S., & Sons, catalogue, Shiremanstown, Pa.
HuC Huntsville Nursery Co., catalogue, Huntsville, Ala.
H&Co Holland & Co., catalogue, Plymouth, Ind.
I Ives, J. M., New England Book of Fruits, 1847.
laB Iowa Experiment Station Bulletin.
laExR Iowa Experiment Station Report.
lall Iowa Horticultural Society Report, 18(57-1903.
IdaB Idaho Experiment Station Bulletin.
IdaExR Idaho Experiment Station Report.
IH&S Hicks, Isaac, & Son, catalogue, Westiniry Station, N. Y.
IllB . . Illinois Experiment Station Bulletin.
IllExR Illinois Experiment Station Report.
IllH Illinois Horticultural Society Report, 1867-1903.
IndB Indiana (Purdue) Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin.
IndExR Indiana (Purdue) Agricultural Experiment Station Report.
IndF Indiana Farmer, 1840.
IndH Indiana Horticultural Society Report, 18(50-1902.
JAY Young, John A., catalogue, Greensboro, N. C.
JB Bidwell, John, catalogue, Chico, Cal.
JBW&B Wild, J. B., & Bros., catalogue, Sarcoxie, Mo.
JGH&S Harrison, J. G., & Sons, catalogue, Berlin, Md.
JGW Wertz, J. G., catalogue, Salem, Va.
JHB Black, Joseph H., & Son, catalogue, Hightstown, N. J.
JIN Newson, J. I., catalogue, Nashville, Tenn.

JLB Brown, J. L., catalogue, Kearney, Nebr.
JMO Ogle, J. M., catalogue, Puyallup, AVash.
JNCo Jewell Nursery Co., catalogue, Lake City, Minn.
JRJ Johnson, J. R., catalogue, Coshocton, Ohio.
JSC&S Collins, J. S., & Son, catalogue, Moorestown, N. J.
JSK Kerr, John S., catalogue, Sherman, Tex.
JTL Lovett, J. T., catalogue, Little Silvers, N. J.
JVC Cotta, J. v., catalogue. Nursery, 111.
JVL Lindley, J. Van., catalogue, Pomona, N. C.

JW Waters, James, catalogue, Watsonville, Cal.
JWA Austin, J. W., catalogue. Pilot Point, Tex.
JWA&Co... Adams, W., & Co., catalogue, Springfield, Mass.
J.
JWK Kerr, W., catalogue, Denton, Md.
J.
JWM Manning, Jacob W., catalogue, Reading, Mass., 1875-1892.

JWS Stevenson, J. W., catalogue, North Bend, Nebr.
JW&S Wragg, J., & Son, catalogue, Waukee, Iowa.
J&R Jones & Rouse, catalogue, Rochester, N. Y.
K Kenrick, William, The New American Orchardist, first edition,
1841.
KanB Kansas Experiment Station Bulletin.
KanExR . . . Kansas Experiment Station Report.
KanFM Kansas Fruit Manual, 1886.
KanH Kansas Horticultural Society Report.
KHN Kansas Home Nursery, catalogue, Lawrence, Kans.
KN Klehm's Nurseries, catalogue, Arlington Heights, 111.
KyB Kentucky Experiment Station Bulletin.
KyExR Kentucky Experiment Station Report.
KyH Kentucky Horticultural Society Report.
K&S Kelly, J. O., <fe Sons, catalogue, Jeff, Ala.

L I-'Von, T. T. ; name modified by Mr. Lyon asChairmanof Committee.
i>aB Louisiana Experiment Station Bulletin.
IjaExR Louisiana Experiment Station Report.
LB Burbank, Luther, catalo^jue, Santa Rosa, Cal.
LC Coates, Leonard, catalogue, Napa, Cal.
(LC) Lyon's catalogue of trial varieties at South Haven, Mich.
Lin Linnsean Botanic Garden, catalogue of 1844-45.
LR Roesch, Lewis, catalogue, Fredonia, N. Y.
LTS Sanders, L. T., catalogue. Plain Dealing, La.
LWC&Co... Carr, L. W., & Co., catalogue, Erie, Pa.
M Manning, Robert, Book of Fruits, first edition, 1838.
MagofH Magazine of Horticulture, Boston, C. M. Hovey & Co., 1835-1860.
MassB Massachusetts (Hatch) Experiment Station Bulletin.
MassExR... Massachusetts (Hatch) Experiment Station Report.
MassH Massachusetts Horticultural Society Report, 1865-1903.
MB&Co Barnes, M., & Co., catalogue, Groesbeck, Ohio.
MDB Beatie, M. D., catalogue, Atlanta, Ga.
MdB Maryland Experiment Station Bulletin.
MdExR Maryland Experiment Station Report.
MdH Maryland Horticultural Society Report.
MeB Maine Experiment Station Bulletin.
MeeM Meehan's Monthly, 1894-1897.
MeExR Maine Experiment Station Report.
MeH Maine Pomological Society Report.
MHSC Montreal Horticultural Society, Canada, 1876-1888.
MichB Michigan Experiment Station Bulletin.
MichExR . . Michigan Experiment Station Report.
MichH Michigan Horticultural Society Report.
-MinnB Minnesota Experiment Station Bulletin.
MinnExR . . Minnesota Experiment Station Report.
MinnH Minnesota Horticultural Society Report.
MinnHort . . Minnesota Horticulturist, monthly, 1894-1901.
MissB Mississippi Experiment Station Bulletin.
MissExR . . . Mississippi Experiment Station Report.
MJG Graham, M. J., catalogue, Adel, Iowa.
MJH Henry, M. J., catalogue, Vancouver, B. C.
MLACo Missing Link Apple Co., catalogue, Clayton, 111.
MoB Missouri Experiment Station Bulletin.

MoExR Missouri Experiment Station Report.
MoH Missouri Horticultural Society Report, 1863-1902.
MontB Montana Experiment Station Bulletin.
MontExR . . Montana Experiment Station Report.
M&S Myer, D. S., & Son, catalogue, Ridgeville, Del.
N Northw'estern Pomology, Gurney, 1894.
NAPC North American PomologicaUConvention Report, 1849.
NCB North Carolina Experiment Station Bulletin.
NCExR North Carolina P^xperiment Station Report.
NCH North Carolina Horticultural Society Report.
NDB North Dakota P^xperiment Station Bulletin.
NDExR North Dakota Experiment Station Report.
NebB Nebraska Experiment Station Bulletin.
NebExR . . . Nebraska Experiment Station Report.
16571—No. 56—05 2
..
NOMENCLATURE OF THE APPLE.

NebH Nebraska Horticultural Society Report.
NEF New England Farmer, 1822-1871.
NevB Nevada Experiment Station Bulletin.
NevExR . . Nevada Experiment Station Report.
NHB New Hampshire Experiment Station Bulletin.
NHExR New Hampshire Experiment Station Report.
NJB New Jersey Experiment Station Bulletin.
NJExR New Jersey Experiment Station Report.
NJH New Jersey Horticultural Society Report.
NMB New Mexico Experiment Station Bulletin.
NMExR New Mexico Experiment Station Report.
NSB Nova Scotia Experiment Station Bulletm.
NSExR Nova Scotia Experiment Station Report.
NSH Nova Scotia Horticultural Society Report.
NWC W., catalogue, Shore, N. C.
Craft, N.
NWFG Northwestern Fruit Growers' Association Report, 1852 and 1855.
NYAg New York Agricultural Society Report.
NYB . : New York Geneva Experiment Station Bulletin.
NYExR New York Geneva Experiment Station Report.
OhioB Ohio Experiment Station Bulletin.
OhioExR . . Ohio Experiment Station Report.
OhioH Ohio Horticultural Society Report.
OKG Gerrish, O. K., catalogue, Lakeville, Mass.
OklB Oklahoma Experiment Station Bulletin.
OklExR Oklahoma Experiment Station Report.
OL Locke, Otto, catalogue, New Braunfels, Tex.
OntB Ontario, Canada, Experiment Station Bulletin.
OntExR Ontario, Canada, Experiment Station Report.
OntH Ontario Fruit Growers' Association Report.
OreB Oregon Experiment Station Bulletin.
OreExR Oregon Experiment Station Report.
P Pomologist, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Report, 1886-95.
PaB Pennsylvania Experiment Station Bulletin.
PaCR Pennsylvania Agricultural College Report.
PaExR Pennsylvania Experiment Station Report.
PaH Pennsylvania Horticultural Society Report.
PE Emmerson, P., catalogue, Wyoming, Del.
PEN Port Elgin Nursery, catalogue. Port Elgin, Ontario.
PenH Peninsula Horticultural Society Report.
PFar Prairie Farmer, 1843-1897.
PHF.^ Foster, I». H., catalogue, Babylon, N. Y.
PJB Berckmans, P. J., catalogue, Augusta, Ga.

PN Phoenix Nursery, catalogue, Delavan, Wis.
Pr Prince, Wm. R., Pomological Manual, 1831.
R Ragan, \V. H. name modified by Mr. Ragan as Chairman
; of Com-
mittee.
Rgltola Russian varieties sent by Dr. Regel to Iowa Agricultural College.
RGN Nicholson, R. G., catalogue, Chestertown, Md.
RIB Rhode Island Experiment Station Bulletin.
RI l'.\\l Rhode Island Exiêriment Station Report.
RIM Rhode Island Horticultural Society Report.
R&P Rakestraw & Pyle, catalogue, Willowdale, Pa.
RNY Rural New Yorker, 1854-1872.
S Strong, W. C, Fruit Culture, 1885.
SBro Stark Brothers, catalogue, Louisiana, Mo.

SCB South CaroUna Experiment Station Bulletin.
SCExR South Carolina Experiment Station Report.
SCH South Carolina Horticultural Society Report.
SCtB Stori-s, Connecticut, Experiment Station Bulletin.
SDB South Dakota Experiment Station Bulletin.
SDExR South Dakota Experiment Station Report.
SHNCo Spring Hill Nursery Co., catalogue, Prospect, Va.
SHR Rump, S. H., catalogue, Marshallville, Ga.
Shrotola . . . Russian apples sent by Dr. Schroeder to Iowa Agricultural College.

SHS Hoyt (Stephen) Sons, catalogue. New Canaan, Conn.
SK Kinsey, Samuel, catalogue, Kinsey, Ohio.
SLN Silver Leaf Nurseries, catalogue. Boons Path, Va.
SL&Co Lewelling, Seth, & Co., catalogue, Milwaukee, Oreg.
SMB Mo.
Bayles, S. M., catalogue, St. Louis,
SNCo Sherman Nursery Co., catalogue, Charles City, Iowa.
SP&L Smith, Powell & Lamb, catalogue, Syracuse, N. Y.
S&H Storrs & Harrison, catalogue, Painesville, Ohio.
S&W Stone & Wellington, catalogue, Toronto, Ontario.
T Thomas, J. J., The American Fruit Culturist, 1846.
TCF Ferrell,Thad C, catalogue, Humboldt, Tenn.
Td Todd, S. E., The Apple Culturist, 1871.
TennB Tennessee Experiment Station Bulletin.
TennExR... Tennessee Experiment Station Report.
TexB Texas Experiment Station Bulletin.
TexExR Texas Experiment Station Report.
TexH Texas Horticultural Society Report.
Th Thacher, James, The American Orchardist, 1821.
TJG&S Garden, Thos. J., & Son, catalogue, Springhill, Va.
TSH Hubbard, T. S. & Co., catalogue, Fredonia, N. Y.
TVM Munson, T. V. & Son, catalogue, Denison, Tex.
TWW&S ... Wood, T. W., & Son, catalogue, Richmond, Va.
UCExR University of California Experiment Station Report
UtahB Utah Experiment Station Bulletin.
UtahExR . . Utah Experiment Station Report.
VaB Virginia Experiment Station Bulletin.
VaExR Virginia Experiment Station Report.
VaH Virginia Horticultural Society Report.
Van D Van Deman, H. E., name suggested by Prof. Van Deman.
VRS Russian varieties introduced fi'om various sources.
VtB Vermont Experiment Station Bulletin.
VtExR Vermont Experiment Station Report.
W Warder, Dr. John A., American Pomology —Apple, 1867.
WashB Washington Experiment Station Bulletin.
WashExR . . Washington Experiment Station Report.
WAW&C... Watson, AV. A., & Co., catalogue, Normal, 111.
WBK J Johnson, W. B. K. catalogue, AUentown, Pa.
,
WBro Wirt Brothers, catalogue, Alpha, 111.

WCR Reed, W. C, catalogue, Vincennes, Ind.
Wg Waring, Wm. G., The Fruit Grower's Hand-Book, 1851.
WGW White, Wm. G., catalogue, Ovid, Mich.
WHMCo ... Moon, W. H., Co., catalogue, Morrisville, Pa.
WHR Western Horticultural Review, monthly (Vols. 1 to 4) 1850-1853.
WHyS Smith, Wm. Hy., catalogue, Franklin, Tenn.
WisB Wisconsin Experiment Station Bulletin.
WisExR . . . Wisconsin Experiment Station Report.
WisH Wisconsin Horticultural Society Report.
WisHort Wisconsin Horticulturist, monthly, 1897-1902.
WJN West Jersey Nursery Co., catalogue, Bridgeton, N. J.
WMB Benninger, W. M., catalogue, Walnutport, Pa.

WmCh Chappelow, AVilliam, catalogue, Duarte, Cal.
WmP Parry, William, catalogue, Parry, N. J.
WMP&S Peters, W. M., & Son, catalogue, Snowhill, Md.
WmW Watson, William, catalogue, Brenham, Tex.
Wn Wickson, E. J., The California Fruits, 1889.
WRH Harris, W. R., catalogue, Tecumseh, Nebr.
WSL&Co... Little, W. S., & Co., catalogue, Rochester, N. Y.
WTH&Co .. Hood, W. T., & Co., catalogue, Richmond, Va.
WVaB West Virginia Experiment Station Bulletin.
W VaExR . . West Virginia Experiment Station Report.
WyB Wyoming Experiment Station Bulletin.
WyExR Wyoming Experiment Station Report.
W&Co Webster & Co., catalogue, Centralia, 111.
W&TSCo... Smith, W. & T., Co., catalogue,Geneva, N. Y.

Y&Co Youngers & Co., catalogue, Geneva, Nebr.
CATALOGUE OB' VARIETIES. 21
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INDEX TO THE AMERICAN LITERATURE OF THE APPLE, 1804 TO
1904.
Aldrich, J. M. The Codling Moth. Idaho Experiment Station Bulletin No. 21,
1900. 13 pages.
Aldrich, J. M. The Codling Moth. Idaho Experiment Station Bulletin No. 36,
1903. 18 pages.
Alwood, W. B. Experimental Orchard. Virginia Experiment Station Bulletin
No. 2, 1889. 14 pages.
Alwood, W. B. Ripe Rot, or Bitter Rot of Apples. Virginia Experiment Station
Bulletin No. 40, 1894. 23 pages.
Alwood, W. B. Evaporating Apples. Virginia Experiment Station Bulletin No. 1,
Vol. IV. 15 pages.

Alwood, W. B. The Utilization of Unmerchantable Apples. Virginia Experiment
Station Bulletin No. 57, 1895. 15 pages.
Alwood, W. B. Orchard Technique. Virginia Experiment Station Bulletin No. 98,
1899. 20 pages.
Alwood, W. B. Orchard Studies. Virginia Experiment Station Bulletins, Nos.
129 to 141, 1901-1902. 300 pages.
American Apple Growers' Congress. Transactions. First Annual Meeting, St.
Louis, Nov. 18-19, 1902. 160 pages.
American Association of Nurserymen, Florists, and Seedsmen. Transactions.
Annual. 1875 to date.
American Horticultural Annual. Annual. New York, 1867 to 1871. 5 vols.
Orange Judd Company.
American Journal of Horticulture. Boston, Mass. 9 vols. Monthly. 1866 to
1869.
American Pomological Congress. Report. Cincinnati, Ohio, October, 1850.
79 pages.
American Pomological Society. Proceedings. Biennial. 1852 to date.
Arkansas State Horticultural Society. Proceedings. Annual. 1880 to date.
Austin, C. F. Orchard Notes. Alabama Experiment Station Bulletin No. 117,
1901. 30 pages.
Bailey, L. H. Annals of Horticulture in North America. New York Rural Pub-
lishing Co. Annual. 1889 to 1893. 5 vols.
Bailey, L. H. The Cultivation of Orchards. Cornell, New York, Experiment
Bailey, L. H. The Recent Apple Failures of Western New York. Cornell, New
York, Experiment Station Bulletin No. 84, 1895. 34 pages.
Barnes, W. H. The Apple. Kansas State Horticural Society, 1898. 229 pages.
Barry, Patrick. Barry's Fruit Garden. Orange Judd Co., New York, 1883. 516
pages.
Beach, S. A. Russian Fruits and Ornamental Trees, List of Fruits on Trial. Texas
Experiment Station Bulletin No. 16, 1891. 14 pages.
Beach, S. A. Variety Tests of Apples. Report of Geneva, New York, Experiment
Station; Horticulture, 1893.
375
Blair, ana A. V. Stubenrauch. Field Work with Bitter Eot during 1901.
J. C.
Experiment Station Circular No. 43, 1901. 27 pages.
Illinois
Blair, J. C. Spraying Apple Trees with Special Reference to Apple Scab Fungus.
Illinois Experiment Station Bulletin No. 54, 1899. 22 pages.
Blair, J. C. Orchard Management. Illinois Experiment Station Bulletin No. 59,
1900. 25 pages.
BoGiTE, E. E. Some Injurious Orchard Insects. Oklahoma Experiment Station
Brac'kett, G. B. (Pomologist). The Apple and How to Grow It. Farmers' Bulletin
No. 113, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1900. 32 pages. Revised and
republished, 1904.
Brinckle, William D. Hoffy's North American Pomologist. Philadelphia, 1860.
Published by A. Hoffy. Highly illustrated.
Britton, W. E. The Apple Tree Tent Caterpillar. Connecticut Experiment Sta-
tion Bulletin No. 139, 1902. 12 pages.
BuDD, J. L. New Orchard Fruits. Iowa Experiment Station Bulletin No. 19, 1892.
20 pages.
BuDD, J. L. New Orchard Fruits. Iowa Experiment Station Bulletin No. 31, 1895.
25 pages.
BuFFUM, B. C. Fruit Growing in Wyoming. Wyoming Experiment Station Bulle-
tin No. 34, 1897. 157 pês.
Burrill, T.J., and J. C. Blair. Apple Fruit Rot and Bitter Rot of Apples. Illinois
BuBRiLL, T. J., and G. W. McCluer. The Apple Orchard. Illinois Experiment
BuTz, George C. Apples in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Experiment Station Bul-
letin No. 43, 1898. 19 pages.
BuTz, George C. Notes on New and Old Varieties of Orchard Fruits. Pennsylvania
California Fruit Growers' Convention. Proceedings. Annual. 1877 to date.
California State Board of Horticulture. Reports. Biennial. 1870 to date.
Canadian Horticulturist. Published by Ontario Fruit Growers' Association.
Monthly. 1877 to date.
Card, Fred W. Improving an Orchard. Rhode Island Experiment Station Bulle-
tin No. 83, 1902. 10 pages.
Clark, J. W. Apple Tests. Missouri Experiment Station Bulletin No. 6, 1889. 10
Clark, John W. Analyses of Apples at Various Stages of Growth. Missouri Experi-

ment Station Bulletin No. 10, 1890. 16 pages.
Clinton, George P. Apple Scab. Illinois Experiment Station Bulletin No. 67,
1901. 47 pages.
Clinton, George P. Apple Rots in Illinois. Illinois Experiment Station Bulletin
No. 69, 1902. 36 pages.
Cockrell, T. D. a. Preliminary Notes on the Codling Moth. New Mexico Experi-
Cole, S. W. The American Fruit Book. C. M. Saxton, Barber & Co., New York,
1849. 288 pages.
Colorado State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1880 to date.
Columbus (Ohio) Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1885 to date.
Connecticut PoMOLOGicAL Society. Transactions. Annual. 1891 to date.
CooLEY, R. A. The Codling Moth. Montana Experiment Station Bulletin No. 42,
1902. 18 pages.
Coote, George. Fruits. Oregon Experiment Station Bulletin No. 34, 1895. 32
pages.
•INDEX TO LITERATORE. 377
CoRBETT, L. C. Apples. West Virginia Experiment Station Bulletin No. 47, 1897.
18 pages.
CoKBETT, L. C. Fruit Diseases and How to Treat Them. West Virginia Experiment
CoRBETT, L. C. Apple Districts of West Virginia. West Virginia Experiment Sta-
CoRDLEY, A. B. Apple Tree Anthracnose. Oregon Experiment Station Bulletin
No. 60, 1900. 12 pages.
CoRDLEY, A. B. The Codling Moth and Late Spraying in Oregon. Oregon Experi-
CoxE, William. A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees. M. Cary & Son, Phila-
delphia, 1817. 268 pages.
Craig, John. Observations and Suggestions on the Root Killing of Fruit Trees.
Iowa Experiment Station Bulletin No. 44, 1900. 38 pages.
Craig, John, and J. M. Van Hook. Pink Rot an Attendant of Apple Scab. Cor-
nell, New York, Experiment Station Bulletin No. 207, 1902. 12 pages.
Crandall, C. S. a Preliminary Report on the Fruit Interests of the State. Colo-
rado Experiment Station Bulletin No. 17, 1891. 42 pages.
Dickens, Albert. The Experimental Apple Orchard. Kansas Experiment Station
Downing, A. J. (Later editions frequently revised by Charles Downing.) The
Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1845-
1892. 1,284 pages.
Earle, Frank S. Orchard Notes. Alabama Experiment Station Bulletin No. 98,
1898. 16 pages.
Earle, Frank S. Orchard Notes. Alabama Experiment Station Bulletin No. 112,
1901. 35 pages.
Eastern New York Horticultural Society. Proceedings. Annual. 1896 to date.
Elliott, F. R. Elliott's Fruit Book; or the American Fruit Grower's Guide. C.
M. Saxton, New York, 1854. 503 pages.
Elliott, F. R. Hand-Book for Fruit Growers. D. M. Dewey, Rochester, N. Y.,
1876. 128 pages.
Emerson, R. A. Experiments in Orchard Culture. Nebraska Experiment Station
Eustace, H. J. A Destructive Apple Rot Following Scab. Geneva, New York,
Fernald, H. T. Orchard Treatment for the San Jose Scale. Hatch, Massachusetts,
Fisher, R. W. Apple Growing in Montana. Montana Experiment Station Bulletin
No. 44, 1902. 15 pages.
FiTz, James. The Southern Apple and Peach Culturist. J. W. Randolph & English,
Richmond, Va., 1872. 336 pages.
Fletcher, S. W. Pollination in Orchards. Cornell, New York, Experiment Station
Florida State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1887 to date.
Fulton, S. H. Report of South Haven Substation for 1900. Michigan Experiment
Gardener's Monthly and Horticulturist. Edited by Thomas Meehan, Philadel-
phia, Pa. C. H. Marot. 17 vols. Monthly. 1858 to 1875.
Garman, H. Bordeaux Mixture for Apple Pests. Kentucky Experiment Station
Georgia State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1876 to date.
GiBB, Charles. The Russian Apples Imported by the U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture in 1870. Gazette Printing Co. Montreal, 1884. 67 pages.
GiLLETT, Clarence P. A Few Insect Enemies of the Orchard. Colorado Experi-
GoFF, E. S. Prevention of Apple Scab. Wisconsin Experiment Station Bulletin
No. 45, 1895. 21 pages.
GoFF, E. S. Effects of the February Freeze of 1899 Upon Nurseries and Fruit
Plantations in the Northwest. Wisconsin Experiment Station Bulletin No.
77, 1899. 18 pages.
CiooDRicH, Chauncey. The Northern Fruit Culturist. Chauncey Goodrich, Pub-
lisher, Burlington, Yt., 1850. 112 pages.
CiKEEN, Samuel B. Report on Russian Apples. Minnesota Experiment Station
(J KEEN, Samuel B. Our Russian Apples at the Opening of their Fourth Year. Min-
nesota Experiment Station Bulletin No. 3, 1888. 34 pages.
Green, Samuel B. Apples and Apple Growing in Minnesota. Minnesota Experi-
Green, W. J. Apple Scab and Spraying Orchards. Ohio Experiment Station Bul-
letin No. 9, Vol. IV, 1891. 32 pages.
Green, W. J. Suggestions Concerning Apple Culture. Ohio Experiment Station
GuRNEY, C. W. Northwestern Pomology. Concord, Nebraska, 1894. 293 pages.
Hall, F. H. A Peculiar Insect Enemy of the Apple. Geneva, New York, Experi-
Hall, H. Wood Ashes not an Apple Scab Preventive. Geneva, New York,
F.
Hansen, N. E. Fruit Culture in South Dakota. South Dakota Experiment Station
Hansen, N. E. Root Killing of Apple Trees. South Dakota Experiment Station
Hansen, N. E. A Study of Northwestern Apples. South Dakota Experiment Sta-
Harvey, F. L., and W. M. Munson. Apple Insects of Maine. Maine Experiment
Hasselbring, Heinrich. Canker of Apple Trees. Illinois Experiment Station
Hedrick, U. p. Prunes, Apples, and Pears in Oregon. Oregon Experiment Station
Henderson, Louis F. Apple Scab in the Potlatch. Idaho Experiment Station Bul-
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Monthly. 1886 to 1890, inclusive.
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Indiana Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1860 to date.
Iowa State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1867 to date.
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1847. 144 pages.
INDEX TO LITERATURE. 379
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Keffer, Charles A. Spraying Apple Trees. Missouri Experiment Station Bulletin
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Kenrick, William. The New American Orchardist. Otis Brothers & Co., Boston,
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Kinney, L. F. Some Special Orchard Treatment of the Apple, Pear, and Quince.
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Agriculture, Division of Pomology Bulletin No. 6, 1897. 39 pages.
Lyon, T. T. Fruit Testing at the South Haven Substation. Michigan Experiment
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Lyon, T. T. Fruits. Michigan Experiment Station Bulletin No. 80, 1892. 38 pages.
Lyon, T. T. Fruits at South Haven Substation. Michigan Experiment Station
Lyon, T. T. Fruits at South Haven Substation. Michigan Experiment Station
Lyon, T. T. Fruit Tests at South Haven. Michigan Experiment Station Bulletin
No. 143, 1897. 40 pages.
Lyon, T. T. Report of South Haven Substation. Michigan Experiment Station
Macoun, W. T. Apple Culture and District Lists of Apples Suitable. for Ontario and
Quebec, with Descriptions of Varieties. Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa,
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M'Mahon, Bernard. The American Gardener's Calendar. Philadelphia, A.
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26 vols.
Maine State Pomolooical Society. Transactions. Annual. 1873 to date.
Manning, Robert. Book of Fruits. Ives & Jewett, Salem, Mass., 1838. 120 pages.
Maryland State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1898 to date.
Mason, S. C. Grafting the Apple. Kansas Experiment Station Bulletin No. 65,
, 1897. 18 pages.
Mason, S. C. Miscellaneous Fruit Notes. Kansas Experiment Station Bulletin
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Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1829 to date.
Massey, W^. F. The Apple in North Carolina. North Carolina Experiment Station
IMaynard, S. T. Variety Tests of Fruits. Hatch, Massachusetts, Experiment Sta-
380 NOMENCXATURE OF THE APPLE.
Maynard, S. T. Variety Tests of Fruits Spraying Calendar. Hatcli, Massachusetts,
Maynard, S. T., and George A. Drew. Orchard Management. Hatch, Massachu-
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Mease, Dr. James. Domestic Encyclopedia, first American edition. Philadelphia,
Pa. 1804.
Meehan's Monthly. Edited and published by Thomas Meehan, Philadelphia, Pa.
11 vols. Monthly. 1891 to 1902.
Michigan State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1871 to date.
Minnesota Horticulturist. Published by the Minnesota State Horticultural
Society. Monthly. 1872 to date.
Minnesota State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1872 to date.
Mississippi Valley Apple Growers' Association. Proceedings. Annual. 1899 to
date.
Mississippi Valley [later American] Horticultural Society. Transactions.
Annual. 1883 to 1888. 5 vols.
Missouri State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1859 to date.
Montana Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1902 to date.
Montana State Board of Horticulture. Transactions. Biennial. 1899-1900 to
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Montreal (Canada) Horticultural Society. Keports. Annual. 1874 to date.
Morris, 0. M. Fruits of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Experiment Station Bulletin No.
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Munson, W. M. Care of Orchards. Maine Experiment Station Bulletin No. 49,
1899. 8 pages.
Munson, W. M. Experiments in Orchard Culture. Maine Experiment Station
National Apple Shippers' Association, Year Book. Annual. 1900 to date.
Nebraska State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1869 to date.
New Jersey State Horticultural Society. Proceedings. Annual. 1875 to date.
Newman, J. S. Apples, Pears, Peaches, and Plums. Alabama Experiment Station
New York State Fruit Growers' Association. Proceedings. Annual. 1902 to
date.
North American Pomological Convention. Proceedings. Syracuse, New York,
September 14, 1849. Syracuse, V. W. Smith & Co. 64 pages.
North Carolina State Board of Agriculture. The Bulletin. July, 1900. [This
is a special Apple Bulletin.]
North Carolina State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1880 to

date.
Northwestern Fruit Growers' Association. Proceedings. Annual. 1851 to 1855.
[Meetings held at Dixon, 111., Princeton, 111., Burlington, Iowa, and at other
places in the Northwest.]
Northwest Fruit Growers' Association. Proceedings. Annual. 1893 to date.
[This organization embraces the present Northwest, Idaho, Oregon, and Wash-
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Norton, J. B. S. Apple Diseases and Their Treatment. Maryland Experiment Sta-
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Nova Scotia Fruit Growers' Association. Reports. Annual. 1864 to date.
Ohio PoMOLOciicAL [now Horticultural] Society. Transactions. 1853 to date.
Ontario Fruit Growers' Association. Transactions. Annual. 1859 to date.
Oregon State Board of Horticulture. Reports. Biennial. 1891 to date.
Peninsula Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1888 to date. [This
society embraces the territory east of Chesapeake Bay.]
Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. About 1830 to

date.
PoMOLOGisT. U. S. Department of Agriculture. Reports. Annual. 1887 to 1895,
inclusive.
Powell, G. Harold. Some Principles in Delaware Apple Culture. Delaware
Powell, G. Harold. Top Working Apple Trees. Delaware Experiment Station
Bulletin No 48, 1900. 16 pages.
Powell, G. Harold, and H. Fulton. The Apple in Cold Storage. U. S. Depart-
S.
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Price, H. C. Cold Storage of Apples. Iowa Experiment Station Bulletin No. 72,
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Prince, William. A Short Treatise on Horticulture. New York, 1828. T. and J.
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Quaintance, a. L. The Codling Moth and How it May be Controlled. Maryland
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Reynolds, J. B., and H. L. Hutt. Cold Storage of Fruit. Ontario Agricultural Col-
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Sanderson, E. Dwight. Three Orchard Pests. Delaware Experiment Station Bul-
Sanderson, E. Dwight. The Codling Moth. Delaware Experiment Station Bul-
ScHKENK, Hermann von, and Perley Spaulding. The Bitter Rot of Apples. U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin No. 44, 1903.
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Shinn, Charles Howard. Deciduous Fruits. California Experiment Station Bul-
Slingerland, M. V. Green Fruit Worms. Cornell, New York, Experiment Station
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Slingerland, M. V. Trap Lanterns, or Moth Catchers. Cornell, New York, Experi-
Smith, John B. The Apple Plant Louse. New Jersey Experiment Station Bulletin
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Stedman, J. M. The Lesser Apple Leaf Folder. Missouri Experiment Station Bul-
Stedman, J. M. The Fringed Wing Apple Bud Moth. Missouri Experiment Station
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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY— BULLETIN NO. 56.

B. T. GALLOWAY, ChkJ nj lUueati.

NOMENCLATURE OF THE APPLE;

Issued Januauy 25, 1905.

GRASS AND FORAGE PLANT INVESTIGATIONS.

James E. Jones, Chief Clerk.

Wm. a. Taylor, Pomologist in Charge of Field Investigations.

S.H. Fulton, Assistant Pomologist in Charge of Fruit Storage Investigations.

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript of a

the want of a comprehensive publication on the nomenclature of culti-

Code of nomenclature American Pcnnological Society

NOMENCLATURE OF THE APPLE;

make it conform to the and most approved authorities. This is

exist as to the several introductions,some of which errors will doubt-

CODE OF NOMENCLATXJRE OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL

Rule 2. The name of a variety of fruit shall consist of a single

« Adopted at Boston, September 10, 1903.

Rule In the full and formal citation of a variety name, the

Rule 4. Publication consists (1) in the distribution of a printed

Rule 5. properly published variet}'^ name shall be changed for

KEY TO THE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CITATIONS OF AUTHORS

particular page where the name of a variety or its synonym is pub-

the Magazine of Horticulture for 1838; "P'94," in the Report of the

Form: c, conical; o, ovate; ob, oblate; obi, oblong; r, round.

red; ru, russet; striped; w, white; y, yellow.

very; vi, vinous.

Season: e, early; 1, late; m, medium; ml, medium to late; v, very.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN DESIGNATING THE

ArkH Arkansas Horticultural Society Report.

BBros Baker Brothers, catalogue. Fort Worth, Tex.

B(Ph)N Bloomington (Phoenix) Nursery, catalogue, Bloomington, 111.

CGen Country Gentleman, 1859-1869.

CLW Watrous, Chas. L. catalogue, Des Moines, Iowa.

CN Cumberland Nurseries, catalogue, Nashville, Tenn.

EFS Stephens, E. F., catalogue, Crete, Nebr.

FlaB Florida Experiment Station Bulletin.

FTR Ramsey, F. T., catalogue, Austin, Tex.

HG&Co Hoover & Gaines Co., catalogue, Dayton, Ohio.

JIN Newson, J. I., catalogue, Nashville, Tenn.

JVL Lindley, J. Van., catalogue, Pomona, N. C.

JWM Manning, Jacob W., catalogue, Reading, Mass., 1875-1892.

K&S Kelly, J. O., <fe Sons, catalogue, Jeff, Ala.

MoB Missouri Experiment Station Bulletin.

NOMENCLATURE OF THE APPLE.

PJB Berckmans, P. J., catalogue, Augusta, Ga.

SBro Stark Brothers, catalogue, Louisiana, Mo.

Shrotola . . . Russian apples sent by Dr. Schroeder to Iowa Agricultural College.

WBro Wirt Brothers, catalogue, Alpha, 111.

WMB Benninger, W. M., catalogue, Walnutport, Pa.

W&TSCo... Smith, W. & T., Co., catalogue,Geneva, N. Y.

> i:^ '^2

'(tec Ss^'-hH «iS-S S .^ e "««•« £ I'S^t

c . •£ •^ft^s 'S^ •5.ti -ji •

Vol. IV. 15 pages.

Clark, John W. Analyses of Apples at Various Stages of Growth. Missouri Experi-

North Carolina State Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. 1880 to

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. Transactions. Annual. About 1830 to

Station Bulletin No. 1, Vol. X, 1897. 18 pages.

Western Horticultural Review. [John A. Warder, editor and proprietor, Cin-

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