Engineered Systems 2018-02

T E C H N O LO GY A N D I N S I G H T F O R CO N S U LT I N G , M E C H A N I CA L & FAC I L I TY E N G I N E E R S
FEBRUARY 2018
Vol. 35 No.2
BIG LEGACY,
TIGHT SPACES
Structural constraints and the need for uninterrupted
service threatened to veto a chilled water and
dehumidification retrofit at the Harry S. Truman
Presidential Library & Museum.
INSIDE
Next Steps Toward The
Intelligent Building pg 23
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pg 32
Time Is Money: Turnover In

The OR pg 36
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FANS DAMPERS LOUVERS COILS
RECOVERY VENTILATION AIR VENTILATION EXHAUST
F E B R UA RY 2 O 1 8
Vol. 35 No. 2 ES DEPARTMENTS
8 Editor’s Note
10 On The Internet
12 Back2Basics
16 Case In Point
32 22 Commissioning
23 Building Automation
24 IAQ: A Physician’s View
25 The Facility Files
44 Product Spotlight
50 Software & Apps
52 Issues & Events
26 COVER STORY
36 55 Products
56 Classifieds
57 Ad Index / Glossary
Big Legacy, Tight Spaces
BIM, creative pre-fabrication, and even some on-site disassembly/ 58 Tomorrow’s Environment
reassembly teamed up with excellent design coordination and
communication at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum.
As a result, the new central chilled water plant and dehumidification
system will preserve priceless collections for the future.
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS (ISSN: Print 0891-9976 and Digital 2328-
— By Mike Crabtree 1006) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, Inc., 2401
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4 Engineered Systems FEBRUARY 2018

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EDITOR’S NOTE By Robert Beverly
COMPRESSORS &
CONTAGIONS
In which we get together to laud the winners
and curse the winter.
We’ve got just enough time this month to TRADE SHOW FEVER: CATCH IT?
open with some news from Chicago, where
ES WEBINARS
I had a particularly good time at this year’s
we are wrapping up another AHR Expo and gathering, but you couldn’t help but feel one Register for our free webinars at
ASHRAE meeting as we go to press. It was http://webinars.esmagazine.com,
prominent presence who threatened to drop
another strong group of category winners, where registered users can also view
in at any moment. I had two goals, and only
and Danfoss has edged out the competition any webinar from the last year on
two goals, this year: Do the work, and don’t
to win the 2018 AHR Innovation Award. demand in our archive. Our 2018
catch the flu.
webinars will be rolling out soon!
In particular, the company’s Turbocor TTH/ We all know it’s an especially mean and dif-
TGH high-lift compressors garnered the recog- ficult strain this winter, and you could see that
nition. Let me offer a hand-picked excerpt from
INDUSTRY EVENTS 2018
knowledge on display. Whether it was the con-
the manufacturer’s description of the product: stant hand gel or noticeable numbers of people FEBRUARY 19-23
In air-cooled chillers, Turbocor® TTH/ Industrial Refrigeration Workshop
skipping the once-automatic handshake, folks Kansas State University
TGH compressors can support operation at high were trying their best. (I’m pretty sure this was Charlotte, NC
ambient temperatures with pressure ratios as the first time I heard “Purell” used as a verb.) http://global.k-state.edu/conferences
high as 6.2, which facilitates a greater operat- But up against flying thousands of people
ing range in hot climates while still being able from around the world into the same group APRIL 23-26
to support applications such as air-to-water heat CxEnergy 2018 Conference & Expo
of buildings — where they then stroll around AABC Commissioning Group
pump chillers. The compressors can also support and talk, eat, and so forth in close quarters Las Vegas
high-lift applications such as heat recovery in for a few days — how much can our “best” https://commissioning.org
water-to-water heat pumps, enabling addi- expect to accomplish? Isn’t a trade show,
tional operating cost savings by utilizing waste with its far-flung range of attendees and its MAY 9-10
condenser heat to heat water. 2018 Healthcare Symposium
behavior patterns (followed by everyone tak- Boston
ing anything they might catch back home www.healthcaresymposium.org
Congratulations to the team at Danfoss, again!), pretty much exactly what a virus
and also a final round of applause to the would hope a bunch of humans would do? and the fact that electronic media can get a
other companies who won their own category (I can hear Dr. Stephanie Taylor adding lot done but there’s still no real substitute for
awards in this year’s competition: Setra Sys- that almost all of that happens in low-humid- seeing old friends and colleagues. ES
tems, Emerson, Calefactio, Spartan Biosci- ity environments in a winter location, which
ence, Aquamotion, Chemours, Regal, Fluke, doesn’t help, either.)
and Triatek. Is it worth pondering what twists on the
Look for more about this year’s show in traditional event we might deploy if something
our March issue. There, we will take another even worse were going around? Would you ever
double-barreled shot at coverage of this year’s stay home, or participate in some alternate form ES JUKEBOX
booths, sessions, and general throngs of of an event like this, or just forge ahead as usual “The Fever” by Bruce
humanity walking around at one-third their and hope for the best? How much of the infor- Springsteen. Written in
normal speed. One feature article by manag- mation and value exchanged there truly needs the early ’70s and not
ing editor James Siegel will focus on new the in-person atmosphere to take place? sounding like much else
products exhibited and debuted at this year’s A year like this is an interesting oppor- from his early catalog,
Expo. I’ll handle the other article, taking a tunity to consider the complicated cost/ the song would find
look at other news from show week, whether benefit equation that is so ingrained in our success with Southside
it’s about recent development in green build- minds as acceptable that it’s hardly ever dis- Johnny later on. Hear
ing standards or expert opinion weighing in cussed. It’s a complicated situation includ- the original on Tracks or
from the intersection of the HVAC industry, ing the financial variables, what you might hunt down a classic live
international politics, and domestic policy. call a “misery index” of the unfortunate, version, like 12/15/78 Winterland.

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SOLUTIONS 4 B2B
Howard McKew’s Back2Basics column has long been a core part of the NEWS WHILE IT’S NEW
magazine. But did you know that you can visit the website anytime to Every day, new information goes up at http://www.esmagazine.com.
check out the last several years (years!) of solutions to its assorted quiz New hires, company acquisitions, association officers and events,
and checklist formats? federal and state funding and incentives, conference programs
and updates ... that’s all just in a week’s time.
THERE’S AN APP FOR THAT

Pick up the ES app for your iPad, iPhone, or Android device.
Features, columns, updates ... it’s all the news, made to fit.
SUCCESS STORIES
Peruse 800-word project recaps from all kinds of applica-
tions, thanks to our Case In Point archive. Use our handy
URL, www.esmagazine.com/CIP.
CREDIT WHERE IT’S DUE

You should swing by our Continuing Education Center. Peruse the
Course Library with offerings from ES, The ACHR News, Mission
Critical, Engineering News-Record, and PM Engineer. It awaits at
https://engineeringcenter.bnpmedia.com.
VISIT THE WEBINARCHIVE! FIRE UP THE SOURCEBOOK

Bookmark http://webinars.esmagazine.com, and you can register for You know we post new individual products online through the month,
free to watch previous webinars on an array of topics. PEX hydronic pip- but you can also find solutions by identifying the manufacturer or
ing, backup power, proper indoor air management, heating and venti- distributor for your needs. Hit the SourceBook tab on our toolbar and
lating with 100% outdoor air ... those and more await in the ES archive. the Mechanical Products Sourcebook will make the connection.

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BACK2BASICS
FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDING

BOILER REPLACEMENT
PERFORMANCE CONTRACT PROJECT
T
his month’s B2B will focus on the retrofit of a federal office floor-mounted type with VFD motors and configured for lead-lag
building hot water boiler system. The existing system receives automatic control sequence. Each boiler shall be piped to include shut-
an energy retrofit performance contract to redesign, build, and off valves, inlet strainer with blow-off valve, 2-position ATC valve,
take over operation and maintenance of the heating system circulator, and balancing valve for fine-tuning flow.
based on a performance lease agreement to span the agreed-upon The boiler furnished automatic controls shall be a computerized
boiler useful life cycle of 20 years. system utilizing wireless technology integrated with the building’s
The scope of this building program is to remove the existing control, as well as the remote energy management computer system.
30-year-old boiler and replace it with new high-efficiency condensing This system will also interface with the office building’s security sys-
boilers, and remove the oversized hot water pumps with primary- tem managed by the owner’s security manager.
secondary, variable speed drive pumps. The BAS will also be replaced The design team, along with the owner’s input, shall produce con-
with new computerized data collection energy management software, ceptual drawings, basis of design (BofD), design development work-
internet access management, and cyber protection software. ing in sync with the HVAC subcontractor to produce coordinated
The building owner (federal agency) shall hire an owner represen- construction drawings and specifications, and as-built documents.
tative to work with this design-build-operate-maintain Performance The TAB and commissioning consultant’s commissioning engineers
Provider (PP). This PP team will include their own in-house com- shall produce their work plans, too.
missioning and testing, adjusting, and balancing engineers (CxTAB). The water balancing consultant’s TAB plan shall be coordinated
The PP firm will subcontract out the energy and retrofit design with the PP’s HVAC design engineer to work in sync to produce an
professionals, subcontract the HVAC contractor, and place on site the as-built hydraulic model of the entire hot water heating system to
boiler room O&M operators along with remote energy monitoring/ assure continuous system performance and to also assure the peak
management and the planned maintenance work order system. pumping performance. The facility manager shall have her O&M per-
The building’s facility manager and the consulting HVAC engi- sonnel review the documents throughout the design phase and receive
neer will review the 2015 ASHRAE Handbook — HVAC Application, introduction training of the new equipment and energy management
chapter 3(Commercial and Public Buildings), chapters 36 through 43 plan. This staff shall observe equipment startup, PP subcontractors’
(Building Operation and Maintenance), and chapter 59 (HVAC Secu- punchlist, and the commissioning system demonstration.
rity). In addition, and based on the performance contract, the team is
referred to chapter 61 (Smart Building Systems). The design engineer The PP team shall include the following during the shop drawing
is directed to 2016 ASHRAE Handbook — HVAC Systems and Equip- submittal phase:
ment and more specifically chapters 1 (HVAC System Analysis and - Equipment submittals - Startup sheet - Troubleshooting sheets - O&M
Selection) and chapter 32 (Boilers). manuals, parts, and lubricants - ATC and energy management submit-
The building’s facility manager will provide her own operating and tal, including one complete ATC submittal integrating manufacturer’s
maintenance staff assistance to the PP firm’s own O&M staff, HVAC boiler furnished ATC into an integrated overall ATC submittal.
subcontractor, and boiler equipment manufacturer’s technician at
project startup. This month’s equipment selection includes six new A 3rd-party commissioning and testing, adjusting, and balancing
modular condensing boilers, with each boiler unit rated at 360 MBH (CxTAB) firm shall complete the following:
output, 95% thermal efficiency, Energy Star compliant, natural gas, - TAB system flow diagram of entire (new and existing) hot water system,
and capable of modulating down to 20% of rate input. Hot water shall with gmp and pump heads indicated as each boiler is sequenced on
be 160 ºF HWS and 130 ºF HWR at peak heating, and 110 ºF HWS (maximum of six boilers) each piece of new and existing equipment.
and 80 ºF HWR at low load.
- TAB system flow diagram of entire supply and return water system
A new boiler room ventilation fan shall be a variable-speed blower
drawing upon data from the hydraulic model, with gpm and pres-
system to maintain a positive pressure within the room. This combus-
sure drops at each piece of process cooling equipment and at major
tion makeup air design shall be via direct outdoor duct terminating at
branch runouts.
each boiler burner. The boilers themselves shall be BACnet controls
with 24 VAC control circuit and control panel, temperature and pres- - Commissioning functional performance test of the boiler retrofit
sure gages, temperature sensors (HWS, HWR, flue, and outdoor air), system, from off to maximum of six boilers on.
and low-water flow protection.
Hot water pumping shall be a new primary-secondary with in-line Refer to The Facility Files for additional information pertaining to
circulators at each boiler. Secondary pumps shall also be new vertical, completing the B2B test. ES

BACK2BASICS D e s i g n E n g i n e e r ’s Pu n c h l i s t
To view the solution online, please visit

www.esmagazine.com
The design engineer shall check off the boxes from the list of com- via the internet to the office, the completed checklists shall be auto-
pany’s standardized field observation checklists below that he will matically downloaded to the company’s computer server and placed
need to upload on to his tablet computer prior to heading out to in the job folder’s “Project Closeout” section of the folder. The com-
the construction site to complete his final HVAC inspection and pleted checklists, along with associated digital photographs taken at
punchlist. These checklists will be touchscreen type. When the the time of the field visit, will automatically be electronically sent to
engineer returns to the office or he sends the completed checklists the following individuals and departments.
TEAM CORRESPONDENCE DIREC TORY CHECKLIS T HVAC CONTRACT DRAWING INSTALLATION CHECKLIST
(Check the appropriate boxes) Division 1 Project Closeout Data Center Process Equipment
Owner Representative PP Project Manager IPD Manager Owner Furnished Equipment Structural Electrical Plumbing
Construction Manager General Contractor Design-Build Fire Protection HVAC Infection Control ATC ATC &
Contractor Facility Manager HVAC Subcontractor ATC Energy Management Boilers Pumps Chillers Fans Air
Subcontractor ATC & Energy Management subcontractors Handlers Terminal Units Piping System Sheet Metal System
Federal Energy Department Energy Engineer ASHRAE TAB Commissioning Security Others:___________________
Piping Subcontractor Sheet Metal Subcontractor 3rd-Party
CxTAB Consultant 3rd-Party TAB Consultant Equipment HVAC S TARTUP CHECKLIS T
Manufacturers Building Inspector Data Center Process Equipment Owner Furnished Equipment
Structural Electrical Plumbing Fire Protection HVAC
Others: (insert list) _________________________
Infection Control ATC ATC & Energy Management Boilers
HVAC CONTR AC T SPECIFIC ATION CHECKLIS T Pumps Chillers Fans Air Handlers Terminal Units
Division 1 Project Closeout Data Center Process Equipment Piping System Sheet Metal System TAB Equipment Room
Owner Furnished Equipment Structural Electrical Tel-Data Others:___________________
Plumbing Fire Protection HVAC Infection Control
COMMISSIONING FPT (Functional Performance Test)
ATC ATC & Energy Management Boilers Pumps
Data Center Process Equipment Owner Furnished Equipment
Chillers Fans Air Handlers Terminal Units Piping
Structural Electrical Plumbing Fire Protection HVAC
System Sheet Metal System TAB Commissioning
Infection Control ATC ATC & Energy Management System
Security Others:______________
Boilers Pumps Chillers Fans Air Handlers Terminal
Units Heating System Air Conditioning System Equipment
Room Tel-Data System Others:___________________
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CASE IN POINT
DOCUMENTING IN-THE-FIELD PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, ONE PROJECT AT A TIME.
CHILLERS RIDE ELEVATOR TO BOOST MEDICAL CENTER’S

PERFORMANCE
Founded in 1837 and named after the only physician to sign the U.S.
Constitution — Benjamin Rush — Rush University Medical Center
(RUMC) is now Chicago’s second-largest hospital, with multi-story
buildings that dominate the city’s medical district. However, this
prestigious location posed problems when RUMC’s 11-story Profes-
sional Building 2 needed to replace two aging centrifugal chillers.
It appeared the only alternative was to move a crane down a
crowded street to lower new chillers through the roof. But some
simple surgery made it possible for Smardt split-shell chillers with
Danfoss Turbocor® compressors to simply take an elevator up to the
penthouse mechanical room, a solution that cut installation costs
while boosting energy savings. Rush University Medical Center in Chicago was in need of a chiller
“The professional building was using two fixed-speed 300-ton water- replacement. The original system, installed in the 1970s, was using twice
the energy compared to modern and more efficient variable-speed chillers.
cooled centrifugal chillers,” says Mike Scalleta, mechanical systems
manager at RUMC. “They were installed when the building was built no oil-related heat transfer losses and no mechanical-bearing friction
in the 1970s. Consequently, the old centrifugal chillers were using twice losses. Another energy-saving feature is the compressor’s ability to
the energy compared to today’s more efficient variable-speed chillers. It adjust automatically to off-design conditions. The Danfoss Turbocor
was time for them to go. The problem was that we’d have to cut open the TT400 compressor can turn down capacity to 10% of its total capac-
mechanical room and use a crane to drop in conventional replacement ity. By automatically matching capacity to the load, the compressor
chillers. Fortunately, we learned Smardt had a solution. Their split-shell reduces its speed, which also reduces energy consumption.”
Smardt chiller design with compact Danfoss Turbocor centrifugal com- But all that efficiency wouldn’t do any good if the chiller didn’t fit
pressors could be taken apart to fit into our freight elevator.” into the mechanical room.
The energy efficiency of the Smardt chiller turned out to be a big “Professional Building 2 is sandwiched between Harrison Street,
plus that fit into a small space. According to Bullock, Logan and other professional buildings, and rail lines in the Medical District,” says
Associates’ Curt Bullock, Jr., a Chicago representative for Smardt, the Carl Wigginton, vice president of service for Murphy & Miller, Inc., the
difference between the Smardt chiller and the old centrifugal chiller Chicago-based HVAC contracting firm who handled the installation.
was night and day. Bullock calculates that when the old chiller was “There is no easy access. The front of the building is a little cul-de-sac
new, its integrated part-load value (IPLV) was 0.716 kW/ton but used where they turn cars around, and that’s where the crane would have to
oil-lubricated bearings. Because oil fouls heat exchanger tubes over go. It’s a big reach — the crane would have to come in about 100 ft,
time, actual efficiency was worse. then travel another 100 ft to the mechanical room doorway. But, there
“In comparison, the IPLV of the Smardt chiller is 0.315 kW/ton — is a freight elevator that goes right to the penthouse mechanical room.
57% more efficient,” says Bullock. “That’s partly because there are It’s so much easier that way – if a chiller can fit into the elevator.”

CASE IN POINT
The building’s large freight elevator was rated to hold up to “The size of the rebate is $10,000 more than they would have
7,000 pounds. A conventional 300-ton centrifugal chiller would gotten with a competitive variable-speed chiller,” Bullock empha-
weigh around 12,000 pounds empty. Consequently, the weight and sizes. “The Smardt chiller minimizes the number of amps used at
size dimensions prohibit using the elevator. In contrast, the empty startup and during peak electric periods. The calculated difference in
weight of a 300-ton WA0962HG4 Smardt chiller is about 8,500 efficiency meant that over the eight-month cooling season, the new
pounds and designed to be taken apart and easily reassembled. chiller saved about $12,000 more in utility costs than the proposed
“This Smardt chiller has a splitable shell design,” says Wigginton. replacement chiller. In comparison with the old chiller, however, the
“That made it possible to disassemble the evaporator and condenser new Smardt chiller saved approximately $75,000 in annual operating
shells. Disassembly took about half a day. We transported the parts by costs. When you add in the installation savings, the cost difference
elevator to the penthouse. It took six trips. The first two trips trans- between the split-shell Smardt chiller and the competing chiller paid
ported the evaporator, and two more trips for the condenser. Then, the for itself in the first year of operation.”
control panel and miscellaneous components took one trip, and the
compressors took one trip.” MEDICAL CENTER SEES HEALTHY ENERGY SAVINGS WITH
Inside the mechanical room, it took two technicians five days to FAN COIL RETROFIT
reassemble the shells, compressors, and control panel and level the Boston Medical Center (BMC), a comprehensive medical facility pro-
chiller. The next week, control and electric wiring were connected viding inpatient, outpatient, and emergency care in the heart of the
along with piping and valves. city’s historic South End, needed to address challenges associated with
The installation was also simplified because Danfoss Turbocor a merger which resulted in a split campus configuration. In addition
compressors don’t require an oil management system. to necessary updates to its facilities and overall HVAC equipment,
What’s more, RUMC’s utility gave the hospital a $24,000 rebate a primary focus involved a multi-phase mechanical system retrofit
for using a variable-speed chiller. According to Bullock, the effi- initiative throughout the BMC campus.
ciency of the Smardt chiller beat out several competitive conventional Recently kicking off a four-year, clinical campus-wide redesign
variable-speed chillers. project, the project as a whole was slated to yield at least $25 mil-
The Advantages of a
BAScontrol Open Controller
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in IP Ethernet
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automation protocol in BACnet
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backup, and PC emulator
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v i s i t u s at w w w. e s m a g a z i n e . c o m a n d f o l l o w u s o n 17
CASE IN POINT
walls and remove soffits and steam lines associated with the origi-
nal HVAC system. After this was completed, EMCOR oversaw the
coring of holes for the new piping system, and installed the hot and
chilled water mains. The complete seven-phase construction pro-
cess, which occurred simultaneously on all three floors to allow for
convenient access to the HVAC system from all angles, included
an average of 15 IEC fan coil units per phase.
“We were working with an aggressive project timeline, including
at one point needing to accommodate the Memorial Day weekend,
around which time it was planned to install a large number of
the units,” explained Ed Tremblay, head technician and project
As part of a campus-wide mechanical retrofit, Boston Medical Center installed manager at EMCOR. “This meant that every aspect of the HVAC
84 fan coil units with electronically commutated motors (ECM). The motors help installation needed to run smoothly.”
to regulate airflow and thus minimize sound during operation.
EMCOR Group coordinated with Stebbins Duffy to warehouse
lion in annual cost savings upon completion, including several the complete shipment of IEC units, which were specially designed
construction plans aimed to streamline operational efficiencies as with extensions on both sides of the fan coil cabinet to accom-
well as notably reduce energy consumption. modate piping and controls. Both the design and the warehousing
“Our goal is to enhance our patient experience by consolidating enabled EMCOR to pre-fabricate the piping off the coils, as well as
our services, while ensuring we are operating at the highest pos- install the control and isolation valves, ahead of time.
sible efficiency,” said Mike Canning, senior director of facilities at “We had three guys working on the pre-fab on an ongoing basis
BMC. “This meant addressing several facilities issues we inherited for about a month, which definitely helped keep us on schedule,”
from the hospital merger, including those in which energy effi- Tremblay said. “This made it possible for us to easily just drop in
ciency could be improved.” and install the fan coil units as we needed them.”
The BMC project team approached consulting-specifying engi- According to Stacie Suh, engineering account executive at Steb-
neering firm Engineered Design Solutions regarding a solution to bins Duffy, IEC’s ability to provide a flexibly designed solution
replace old steam radiators that were part of a larger boiler/chiller equated to the project’s ultimate success.
system, and with recommendations from Stebbins Duffy Inc., “With this kind of flexibility, we were confident to recommend
Engineered Design Solutions specified a network of fan coil units the IEC units, which easily fit the specific requirements of the
from International Environmental Corp. (IEC). project,” Suh said.
“Of primary importance was identifying a cost effective, low The complete mechanical system retrofit project, which
maintenance HVAC solution that could be easily installed in remained ongoing throughout the renovation at-large, was com-
phases within occupied buildings,” said Jack Nelson, principal of pleted in August of 2014. Since that time, BMC experienced more
Engineered Design Solutions. “BMC also wanted to make sure even, comfortable heating during the winter, and expects similar
that the system would operate as quietly as possible, as well as be functionality in the fan coil units’ cooling mode throughout the
able to accommodate a low water pressure drop.” new system’s first official summer in operation.
A total of 84 IEC fan coils — including 68 Vertical Classic Series “There was a noticeable difference in the quieter, more even heat
(FXC), 10 Horizontal Hideaway with Plenum Series (CPY), and 6 compared to the old steam system over the winter,” said Tremblay.
Vertical Class Hideaway Series (FHC) units — were specified for
the initial phase of the mechanical system retrofit project. Slated for ENERGY SOFTWARE KEEPS UNIVERSITY’S SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
installation in exam, intake, and inpatient rooms, the units would ON TRACK
provide a total of 150,815 Btus of heating and 102,593 Btus of cool- The Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR) was
ing capacity once integrated with the existing boiler/chiller system. one of the biggest energy hogs on the University of Maryland campus.
All units were additionally specified with an electronically IBBR researchers have figured out the molecular structure of
commutated motor (ECM) to regulate airflow with proportional proteins, unraveled the protein interactions involved in autoim-
control and thus minimize sound during operation. Additionally, mune disorders, and more. Their infinitesimally precise experiments
special coil circuitry and coil fin arrangements were required to require around-the-clock lab access and a stable environment. A
provide the necessary low-water pressure drop at the required water change in room temperature of just one or two degrees could twist
flow rate for year-round heating and cooling. the outcome of an experiment.
“The integrated EC motors ensured that the units, which would With this in mind, the IBBR facilities management team embarked
be located in patient rooms and other areas requiring minimal oper- on an aggressive energy reduction plan starting with chiller plant opti-
ational sound, would function virtually undetected while providing mization. When the project began, the plant was consuming energy
a comfortable indoor temperature for occupants,” said Nelson. at 0.9 kW/ton and operating at just 50% output. Now the plant runs
Mechanical contracting firm EMCOR Group, Inc. began 27% to 37% more efficiently. IBBR has also reduced CO2 emissions
installing the IEC units on the Dowling Building’s seventh, eighth, by about 125 tons per year and improved plant reliability.
and ninth floors in May of 2014. This followed work earlier in the The IBBR campuses include over 200,000 sq ft of lab and office
spring by general contractor Wise Construction to open pertinent space. The original building opened in 1989, and a wing was added

CASE IN POINT
tity of air flowing to and through the labs in each building with
large, 100% ventilation AHUs and a combination of variable and
constant volume terminal units.
Facilities staff knocked out easier projects first, such as water
and lighting. Then the real work began. Because the HVAC system
accounts for as much as 70% of the lab’s energy use, they first turned
their attention to optimizing the 900-ton chiller plant in Building 2.
Although it was just five years old when IBBR launched its proj-
ect, Building 2 turned out to be the better candidate for HVAC
optimization. Its 900-ton plant has two 450-ton electric centrifugal
water chillers, two condenser water pumps, two cooling tower cells,
two primary pumps, and two secondary pumps.
The Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR) on the It was originally outfitted with several variable speed pumps, but
University of Maryland campus significantly improved its chiller plant in part
by deciding to optimize operational speeds of individual pieces of equipment. the primary chilled water and condensing pump ran at a constant
volume, the cooler towers were configured to maintain a consistent
in 1995, for a building total of 75,000 sq ft. Each wing has separate speed, and water temperature was controlled with a cooling tower
chilled water plant and hot water systems and mechanical systems. bypass valve — these were prime targets for efficiency measures.
The systems were connected when the new wing was built, but the The chillers were manufactured at the same time, but one of
components remain segregated. This allows the systems to operate as them had never run as efficiently as the other and had ongoing
though they are a single plant with built-in redundancy. Building 2, problems with surging. The plant has to provide 3,800 hours of
built in 2007, is a 126,000-sq-ft facility that also has a chiller plant cooling every year, so the facilities staff started their review of
and a steam-heating plant. individual plant components with the chillers. They found that
Combined, the entire system maintains the lab environment by optimizing each component separately could significantly increase
conditioning and controlling the temperature, humidity, and quan- the plant’s overall efficiency.
©2016 The Metraflex Company
March 21-22, 2018
Hynes Convention Center
Boston, MA
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IBBR chose Optimum Energy’s OptiCx™ HVAC optimization
platform with OptimumLOOP™ control software for chilled water
systems. From the VSDs and sensors installed on chillers, pumps,
valves, and tower fans, the OptimumLOOP software collects data
about the plant equipment. It compares the data to control algorithms,
assesses plant conditions in real time, and then automatically changes
pump and fan speeds, leaving chilled water temperature, equipment
staging, and other operational changes to maximize efficiency.
IBBR began deploying the solution in 2013. The first step was
installing some new variable drives to convert IBBR into an all-
variable-flow plant, as well as the sensors on each plant component.
Next came connecting OptimumLOOP with the Siemens BAS
and upgrading the BAS network in Building 2 to Ethernet to ensure
the data flow wouldn’t challenge the local network capacity. When
that was finished, IBBR had OptimumLOOP up and running
across the chiller plant.
In the first year of full operation, the optimized plant cut the
IBBR’s energy use by an average of 30%. Originally, each primary
chilled water pump ran consistently at 60 Hz. Now they each run at
an average of 55 Hz. That may not appear to deliver huge savings,
but the change in speed provides about 20% savings for the pumps
alone. And OptimumLOOP’s relational control algorithms maxi-
mize overall plant performance and meet the optimal parameters
for current conditions. IBBR found that running individual pieces
of equipment at more efficient speeds adds up to one big number.
2014 was a year of testing. In trying to protect itself from surging, the
chiller control panel ended up hampering energy efficient operation.
The chief problem was old data. Working with Optimum engineers,
the facilities team urged chiller mechanics to update the data at the
control panel, and Siemens engineers adjusted the chiller code in their
system to address condensing water control issues.
Plant efficiency got progressively better over the course of the year.
YOUR NEW
TOOL
2015 brought consistent energy reduction, and the plant was running
in an optimized mode almost all the time, adapting and responding to
real-time loads and changing ambient conditions. By the end of summer
2016, IBBR had wrung all possible efficiencies out of the environmental
stabilization plant, and it is now fully optimized.
From the beginning, the IBBR facilities team took the long view of the
optimization project, in part because Building 2 was only at about 50% of THE
TRADE
capacity when the work began. Now the labs are nearly fully occupied
with scientists running their experiments daily — and that has been the
true test. The optimized plant has been able to operate just as efficiently
with a full load. IBBR’s energy consumption has remained flat even as The Engineered
user occupancy has nearly doubled. ES Systems App
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COMMISSIONING B y R e b e c c a T. E l l i s , P. E .
THE RIGHT TIME

FOR TESTING
When every project and system is unique, there may not be a “correct” time.
W
hen is the best time to functionally test new systems? At first blush, it seems like it would be best to wait until all
Some of the common answers to that question are: systems are complete and ready for testing before any testing is
1. Do not test until a system is complete and performed. This theoretically allows for the most efficient and
ready for testing. effective testing of individual systems and their interactions with
2. Do not test one system until the systems on which that sys- each other. However, it is a bad time to find performance prob-
tem relies have been successfully tested. lems that need to be corrected. The further into the construction
3. Test as soon as both one and two have been achieved in order process, the more costly and time consuming corrective actions
to stay off the project schedule’s critical path. are likely to be.
In addition, most of the installing contractors are no longer
Part of the challenge is defining “systems,” assuming, by defini- fully engaged (because the installation is complete) and it is harder
tion, that there is a one-to-one relationship between a system and its to rally appropriate resources to correct problems in a coordinated
functional performance test (FPT). and timely fashion. Combine this
For example, does an “air handling with the fact that today’s construc-
system” include the air handler, At first blush, it seems like it would be best to tion projects all have a tight time-
return fan, all terminal units served wait until all systems are complete and ready frame (“time is money”) and there
by that air handler, and all smoke/ for testing before any testing is performed. is no room for a standalone “testing
fire dampers and other fire alarm This theoretically allows for the most efficient phase.” Waiting until after con-
devices? If that is the “system,” it and effective testing of individual systems and struction to start testing is almost
will be very late in the project when their interactions with each other. However, it never a viable strategy.
all of those elements and supporting is a bad time to find performance problems Finally, the normal electrical
subsystems (fire alarm, chilled water, that need to be corrected. power system is invariably the first
heating hot water, steam, etc.) are system to be tested in a new con-
complete and ready for testing. struction project. This is because
If each air handler, each terminal unit, and each fire/smoke it is a common prerequisite system that needs to be tested and
damper are defined as a system with associated AHU FPTs, ter- operational well before testing all other commissioned systems. In
minal unit FPTs, and fire/smoke damper FPTs, then there is more addition, many of the electrical power tests cannot reasonably be
flexibility on the timing of the individual system tests. However, performed after energization of the building.
breaking systems up into smaller elements could lead to imperfect In summary, there is no single “right” time to perform func-
or at least inefficient testing of the integration of those elements. tional performance tests. Commissioning scheduling needs to be
On the other hand, there are efficiencies associated with testing customized for each project and its unique collection of systems
some systems earlier than later. For example, confirming smoke/fire to achieve a balance of efficiency, effectiveness, and coordination
damper operation is more efficient if it is performed after the lay-in with the contractor’s installation and start-up sequencing. ES
ceiling grid is installed but before the tiles are in place. It is much
easier to access the dampers for visual observation of proper damper
operation without needing to find the right ceiling tile (which could REBECCA ELLIS, P.E., CXA, CCP, BCxP
involve moving and climbing a ladder two to three times if labeling is Ellis is president of Questions & Solutions Engineering Inc.
not complete yet), lifting the tile out of the way, and then replacing it. (Chaska, MN). E-mail her at Rebecca.Ellis@QSEng.com
The same could be suggested for testing above-ceiling termi-
nal units such as VAV boxes. However, VAV boxes would not be ¨
ready for testing that early because balancing is a prerequisite to

WWW.ESMAGAZINE.COM/ELLIS
functional testing, and ceilings typically must be in place for air Use this handy shortcut to see Rebecca’s entire
balancing to be performed. online archive of commissioning insights.

BUILDING
B y I r a G o l d s c h m i d t , P. E .
AUTOMATION
INTELLIGENT
BUILDING INTEGRATION
With the rise of connected systems, the future of
efficiency is closer than you think.
B
AS integration has long fed our hopes for a future with great- Other opportunities may arise as security system technology
er building intelligence. For me, an “intelligent building” is advances further. For example, advances in digital security cameras
one that connects various non-HVAC systems and uses these (and the associated software) are showing the promise of determining
connections for operational improvements that go beyond building occupant counts on not only a building-wide level but
HVAC control. Many instances of BAS integration have become fairly also zone by zone. This information could be used by the BAS for
commonplace (e.g., to VFDs, boilers/chillers, some packaged HVAC improving the operation of demand-controlled ventilation vs. that
controls) and expertise with many protocols beyond the usual BAC- provided by CO2 sensors (which have their issues).
net, LonTalk, Modbus, etc., is growing. So is now the time to finally
see intelligent building applications becoming more widely used? IT & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Rather than dwell on this, I’d like to share some intelligent building IT equipment (e.g., servers, switches) are inherently ready to
ideas that might get us excited enough to affect this outcome. be integrated (via the SNMP protocol). Electrical components
(switchgear, panelboards, UPSs, ATSs, PDUs, etc.) are increasingly
LIGHTING CONTROLS likely to have digital communications capabilities (typically via
Computerized lighting control systems are becoming more Modbus). There are many intelligent building opportunities with
prevalent (and code-mandated due to 90.1). There are some obvious this equipment. The BAS can be used as a hub for not just
opportunities for intelligent BAS integration. First, both lighting monitoring these systems but also the forwarding of possible
and HVAC control use start/stop scheduling, so why not share the maintenance alarms to the CMMS or operating information (e.g.,
schedule between the two systems so that when a schedule change energy usage) to facility analytics software.
is made in one, it is automatically changed in the other? Second,
lighting control systems use occupancy sensors for many areas in the WHAT ELSE?
building. Occupancy sensor information can be shared with the BAS More intelligent building ideas can be found if you apply this type
so that this can, say, be used to switch conference room VAV boxes of “imagineering” to each building’s unique operating requirements,
between the occupied and unoccupied modes. especially those that differ from that of a typical commercial (i.e.,
office) building. This is especially true for data centers, hospitals,
CMMS airports, etc.
One of the inefficiencies in (and part of the ineffectiveness of) CMMS
is the series of manual steps involved in determining the need for and/ WHAT’S THE CHALLENGE?
or creating a corrective/repair work order. Why not have critical BAS Many intelligent building integration opportunities are unique to a
alarms (or even notifications from an integrated facility analytics specific building and/or building owner. Therefore, the integration
system) directly send requests to the CMMS to set up and generate work involved will be one-off and subject to the risks involved in
workorder requests? This integration should be two-way so that the attempting something with which a BAS contractor (and the other
BAS alarm notification is not repeated while the workorder is being contractors/suppliers) has little or no prior experience. I know since
processed and the work performed, and then is only cleared when the I have attempted to implement or am in the midst of implementing
CMMS informs the BAS that the workorder’s task has been completed. some of the above ideas, but don’t let that stop you! ES
SECURITY SYSTEMS IRA GOLDSCHMIDT, P.E.

Buildings that use security system cards (or biometrics) to allow for Ira has worked in the building industry for over 35 years as a
occupant access provide opportunities for more efficient HVAC and controls tech, MEP designer, and consultant providing design/
lighting control. The security system could send a message to the guidance for critical-facility BAS and intelligent building systems
BAS and lighting control systems whenever an occupant accesses the integration. He is a co-author of the ASHRAE BACnet® standard
and Guideline 13 — Specifying DDC Controls.
building after hours. This message would include information about
the location in the building where the occupant normally works. This WWW.ESMAGAZINE.COM/IRA
Use this handy shortcut to see Ira’s collected
would index the HVAC and lighting in the occupant’s work area from BAS wisdom in ES columns and other articles.
the unoccupied to occupied modes of operation.
IAQ: A
PHYSICIANÕS VIEW B y S t e p h a n i e Ta y l o r, M . D. , M . A r c h , C I C
HAVE YOU VACCINATED

YOUR BUILDING?
What we can learn from guinea pigs, the flu, and relative humidity.
T
he dreaded flu is upon us! When cold and dry weather arrives The U.S. Center for Disease Control informed the public that
in North America, this nasty viral respiratory disease makes the H3N2 virus is especially difficult to combat with a vaccination
many people miserable with headaches, fever, cough, muscle because the virus mutates quickly, thereby evading immune memory
pains, and runny noses. So far this season, over 80% of reported protection conferred by the flu shot. Generally, the flu vaccine
illnesses have involved the virulent H3N2 strain of influenza A. This for H3N2 only reduces a person’s risk of serious illness by about
viral strain is the most serious because it is difficult to prevent and can one-third, compared to approximately 70% effectiveness when the
cause deadly health complications among vulnerable groups like the dominant viral strains are the milder influenza type B or H1N1.
elderly and children. There are other effective preventive measures that we can take in
The severity of the yearly flu season in southern hemisphere addition to vaccinations, but interestingly, these receive comparatively
countries, where winter precedes ours by several months, gives North little publicity.
America a preview of what to expect. This year the U.S. was bracing Research has shown that another simple way to reduce the risk for
for a difficult winter after witnessing Australians suffer over twice the influenza infection is to increase indoor humidity levels.
number of cases of H3N2 flu in 2017 compared to 2016. In addition, One excellent study used guinea pigs to show that when relative
they had 745 deaths compared to their average of 176 deaths. For humidity (rh) was maintained above 40%, only a fraction of airborne
comparison, a mild flu season in the U.S. historically kills about influenza virus particles caused illness, compared with a transmission
12,000 Americans, while a severe season kills about 56,000. rate of 70% percent when the rh was around 20%.
What’s more, the protective impact of higher humidity levels
A appeared to be rapid, with the majority of viral inactivation taking
place within 15 minutes of when viral particles were first released into
the humidified environment.
The cellular mechanisms underlying the relationship between viral
infectivity and ambient rh are still being studied, and we have much
to learn about the interactions between the virus, solutes, and water
molecules in an airborne droplet.
Regardless of exactly how this works, with an aggressive flu virus
moving through the air, maintaining indoor rh levels between 40%
and 60% to protect our health will benefit all building occupants
— including family members in homes, workers in office buildings,
B students in schools, and patients in hospitals.
The environmental contributors to disease, such as dry indoor air
(which can be modified for better health), are currently blind spots in the
conventional medical approach. As engineers, building managers, and
clinicians become more aware of the connection between dry indoor air
and disease, the enormous potential of balanced indoor air hydration to
maintain health will be recognized as cutting-edge medical science. ES
STEPHANIE TAYLOR, M.D., M. ARCH, CIC

Dr. Taylor, a graduate of Harvard Medical School (MD) and
FIGURE 1. Guinea pigs in cage one were infected by researchers Norwich University (Masters Architecture), is the CEO of Taylor
with influenza. Records were made of how many guinea pigs in cage Healthcare Commissioning, Inc. (www.taylorcx.com). She
two became infected from the guinea pigs in cage one at different now focuses her lifelong commitment to promoting health
temperatures and levels of humidity. A, B) Transmission rates were on improving the safety of the built environment. She has
100% at low humidity, regardless of temperature. At high humidity, numerous publications in Nature, Science, and other peer-reviewed journals.
transmission occurred only at the lower temperature.
Lowen, A.C., S. Mubareka, J. Steel, and P. Palese. 2007. Influenza WWW.ESMAGAZINE.COM/TAYLOR
Use this handy shortcut to see Stephanie’s
Virus Transmission Is Dependent on Relative Humidity and entire online archive of IAQ insights.
Temperature. PLOS Pathogens. 3(10):e151.

B y A m a n d a Pa r o l i s e THE FACILITY FILES
FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDING

BOILER REPLACEMENT
PERFORMANCE CONTRACT PROJECT
T
his month’s B2B and Facility Files will focus on the retrofit Next comes the startup, testing, adjusting, and balancing —
of a federal office building hot water boiler system. The exist- the commissioning phases where the O&M team will want to be
ing system receives an energy retrofit performance contract proactive in following along with the PP’s mechanical-electrical
to redesign, build, and take over operation and maintenance of the coordinator and the subcontractor’s startup personnel and receive
heating system based on a performance lease agreement to span the equipment training from the boiler manufacturer’s startup technician
agreed upon boiler useful life cycle of 20 years. The building owner and system training using the O&M manuals and contract drawings
(federal agency) shall hire an owner representative to work with this (that will eventually become the as-built drawings). ES
design-build-operate-maintain Performance Provider (PP).
Once the startup has been completed and the ATC subcontractor and 3rd-
The scope of this building program is to remove the existing party Cx and TAB consultant have completed the water balancing work,
30-year-old boiler and replace it with new high-efficiency condensing the HVAC subcontractor shall go through an automatic control system and
boilers and remove the oversized hot water pumps with primary- energy management program initial dry-run demonstration prior to the
final functional performance test, owner acceptance of the project, and the
secondary, VSD pumps. The BAS shall also be replaced with new beginning of system trending, monitoring, and measuring of the heating
computerized data collection energy management software, internet system that will be benchmarks to the original energy management plan.
access management, and cyber-protection software. The PP’s energy engineer and the boiler manufacturer’s technician shall also
begin collecting system performance by trending pertinent HVAC system
It will be very beneficial for the PP and the owner’s O&M personnel and equipment data, such as:
to refresh their memory by reading chapter 3 (Commercial and Public
Buildings) in the 2015 ASHRAE Handbook — HVAC Application to outdoor air dry bulb and wet bulb temperature primary heating water
supply and return temperature secondary heating water supply and return
be knowledgeable of ASHRAE’s latest guidelines. In addition, and temperature alarms and safeties boiler control points
based on the performance contract, the PP-Owner O&M team is
Taking the same approach as the PP’s design engineering, the PP’s O&M
directed to chapter 61 (Smart Building Systems) along with chapter personnel shall use a series of computer-generated touchscreen project
32 (Boilers) in the 2016 Handbook. The PP O&M personnel shall checklists that allows her staff to confirm that the following facility files have
been collected. This process shall begin at the start of construction and not at
also read chapters 36 through 43 of the 2015 Handbook to familiarize
project closeout, so that the facility files can be inputted into the PP’s off-site
themselves and the staff with building operation and management. CMMS system. Touchscreen O&M checklists should include:
With all these design guidelines from ASHRAE, the PP engineer shall equipment shop drawings O&M manuals, parts list, and lubricants
meet with the owner’s O&M staff to discuss O&M, training, preventive troubleshooting tips seasonal changeover procedures startup and shut-
maintenance work order system, and energy operating budget. down instructions
In the design phase of the project, the PP-Owner’s O&M team will The PP’s O&M personnel shall review the contractor-produced piping and
field fabrication/field coordination drawings prior to fabrication. Touch-
want to contribute information to service contracts, parts inventory, and screen service checklists shall include:
as-built drawing requirements. Reviewing the design documents, this
location of shutoff valves, ATC valves, and balancing valves strainers
O&M team will want to be assured that equipment serviceability is equipment and control devices access for servicing equipment.
adequate and safe (e.g., boiler room ventilation and gas code ventilation).
The training process shall include specific heating system and equipment
For this energy retrofit performance contract program as well as for training but also emergency plan training due to the HVAC event. The water
a business plan to continue to successfully manage the building central balancing of the primary-secondary water system (new and existing equip-
hot water heating system, the PP’s energy engineer shall calculate an ment), along with the final TAB report, shall be included in the preventive main-
tenance work order system to routinely assure continuous system performance.
O&M budget in addition to the program’s construction budget. The In addition, the hydraulic modeling of the entire system shall be updated
equipment life of a boiler is approximately 20 years, but it can last much after the final TAB report. This will require the TAB engineer to provide the
longer if proactively maintained over the life of this heating plant. water balancing reports along with the associated system flow diagrams,
noting quantities and pressures for rebalancing if necessary, as part of the
For this February B2B, the project delivery method is based on project closeout documents. Touchscreen training checklists shall include:
the building owner agreeing to this design-build-operate-maintain
equipment system emergency plan automatic controls
Performance Provider (PP) and their energy retrofit performance
energy management
contract. This PP team shall include their own in-house commission-
ing and testing, adjusting, and balancing engineers (CxTAB). The PP AMANDA PAROLISE
firm shall subcontract out the energy and retrofit design professionals, Parolise is project manager consultant with BuildingSmart
subcontract the HVAC contractor, and place on-site the boiler room Software LLC. Reach her at amckew@yahoo.com.
O&M operators along with remote energy monitoring/management
and the planned maintenance work order system.
ES FEATURE By Mike Crabtree
BIG LEGACY,
TIGHT SPACES
BIM, creative pre-fabrication, and even some on-site disassembly/reassembly teamed up
with excellent design coordination and communication at the Harry S. Truman Presidential
Library & Museum. As a result, the new central chilled water plant and dehumidification
system will preserve priceless collections for the future.
ÒT his Library will belong to the people of the United States,”

observed Harry S. Truman in 1954, reflecting on his
future presidential library in Independence, MO [https://
trumanlibrary.org/libhist.htm]. “The papers of the Presidents
are among the most valuable sources of material for history. They
ought to be preserved, and they ought to be used.”
The Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum was dedicated
in 1957. For over 60 years, a team of curators, archivists, and conservators
has worked to preserve President Truman’s material legacy. Recently, a
team of engineers and contractors designed and installed a new central
chilled water plant and dehumidification system that is creating the opti-
mal indoor environment to preserve and display the collections.
FIGURE 1. The new design replaced existing AHUs with new
The installation of the new central chilled water plant and dehu-
dehumidification units, which are designed to maintain the indoor
midification system posed a number of project challenges for the environment at a consistent 30% to 40% rh throughout the year.
mechanical installation contractor, EMCOR Services Fagan, a sub-
sidiary of EMCOR Group Inc. These challenges included the require- To put these challenges in perspective, the Truman Library receives
ments to provide a temporary source of continuous chilled water 6,700 visitors monthly on average. The collection houses approximately
and tempered air for the comfort of occupants and visitors, and to 15 million pages of manuscript materials (including 6.5 million White
maintain a stable relative humidity in the archive rooms throughout House files); an audiovisual collection including 128,000 still pictures
the project — February through September 2015 — all while enabling (1,300 hours of audio recordings, 500 motion pictures, and 1,000 hours
full library operations during the installation. Given the building’s of video tape recordings); a collection of printed materials (including
design and historical value, the installation required maneuvering more than 10,000 books); more than 500 transcribed oral history inter-
equipment through and into tight spaces with the utmost care in order views; and approximately 32,000 objects (primarily gifts to President
to preserve building structure and finishes. and Mrs. Truman).

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ES FEATURE B i g L e g a c y, T i g h t S p a c e s
Because the library did not have sufficient electrical power avail-
able to supply the existing and temporary chiller plants, the EMCOR
Services Fagan team installed a temporary diesel generator to meet
the power requirements. After the team internally commissioned all
of the temporary systems to verify performance, the electrical con-
tracting team switched the power feed from the existing chillers to
the temporary chiller plant so that it could be run off building power
instead of diesel generation. The generator was retained as an emer-
gency back-up power source.
In the second phase of the mechanical installation project, the
EMCOR Services Fagan team began work on demolition and replace-
FIGURE 2. The mechanical installation team installed three new
ment of existing mechanical system components.
305-gpm chilled water pumps and associated piping.
ENGINEERED TO MAINTAIN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT SPACE CONSTRAINTS REQUIRE INGENUITY

The 100,000-sq-ft building, which has a full basement, is heated and There were many space constraints within the library, including
cooled through a central chilled water plant and steam heating boiler dimensional restrictions in the route of travel through the library and
plant with distribution throughout the building to AHUs. It appeared within mechanical rooms, where the installation involved new steam-
that the existing chilled water plant equipment was at the end of its to-hot water converters and pumps, new electric humidifiers, and a
useful life. The engineer of record used the dehumidification system new reverse osmosis water system to supply the humidifiers — more
as the basis of design for the library’s upgraded mechanical system. equipment than had previously occupied the space.
Major components of the new system include: three dehu- The installation of the new central chilled water plant in the base-
midification AHUs (4,410 cfm in historical presidential document ment involved the removal of the existing chillers and installation of
collection storage, 7,625 cfm in library stacks, and 1,530 cfm in the two new chillers on the same housekeeping pad and, similarly, the
furniture collection storage); two 200-ton electric water-cooled removal of the existing chilled water pumps and installation of the
chillers; three new 305-gpm chilled water pumps; and a 7,700 cfm two new chilled water pumps on the same housekeeping pad.
AHU. The dehumidification units are designed to maintain the The height of the new chillers did not allow the use of conventional
indoor environment at a consistent 30% to 40% rh throughout the rollers beneath chiller baseplates, requiring a nonconventional way
year to preserve library documents and other materials and objects to move the new chillers through the building and in and out of the
in the collections. elevator to the basement. To solve this problem without resorting to
The main project objectives under EMCOR Services Fagan’s removal of two compressors on each unit, the mechanical installation
contract were the installation of the new central chilled water plant, team designed and fabricated a cradle with wheels to support the
including new water-cooled chillers with magnetic compressors and chiller barrels and used jack screws to lift the baseplate a mere half-
new chilled water pumps; replacement of two chilled water/steam inch off the floor and roll it through the building.
variable-speed AHUs with the new dehumidifying AHUs; and To serve historical presidential documents collection storage,
replacement of a chilled water/steam variable-speed AHU with a library stacks, and furniture collection storage with dehumidified air,
chilled water/hot water AHU. the mechanical installation team replaced the existing AHUs with
the new units. Like the chillers, one of these units — the 7,625-cfm
STRATEGIC IMPERATIVE: PROVIDE CONTINUOUS COOLING dehumidifying unit serving the library stacks — was too large to
Planning revolved around the challenging project requirement of move through the building. The team called in the manufacturer to
providing continuous chilled water and 70-degree air to areas of the supervise the disassembly of the unit outside the building, transport
library that would be affected by mechanical component change-outs. to the basement, and reassembly in place in the mechanical room.
In the first phase, the mechanical installation team established a tem- The new equipment was tied back into existing ductwork serving the
porary chiller plant outside of the library in a location that would not library stacks.
be visible to library patrons. The temporary plant was comprised of a
temporary 300-ton air-cooled chiller, temporary chilled water pump, BIM/DETAILING, PREFABRICATION STREAMLINE INSTALLATION
and one of two temporary AHUs. Temporary chilled water piping To streamline the mechanical installation of the new systems in tight
and ductwork were run into the building and tied into the existing spaces, as well as to meet the project budget and schedule, EMCOR
mechanical system. Services Fagan utilized its piping and sheet metal BIM/detailing
To save on schedule and budget, the second temporary AHU was and shop-fabricating capabilities in several additional key ways. To
installed in the mechanical room — a tight space. The temporary fit available space in two mechanical rooms, the company designed
AHUs were purchased with a specific unit orientation required to and prefabricated steam-to-hot-water skids that include steam-to-hot
meet existing utility requirements: a stacked chilled water coil with an water converters, hot water pumps, air separators and piping — in
EMCOR Services Fagan shop-fabricated mixing box, which utilized each case, reducing the amount of floor space required for the com-
the company’s piping and sheet metal building information modeling ponents by 50% and saving approximately 12 working days in the
(BIM)/detailing and shop-fabricating capabilities. installation schedule.

ES FEATURE B i g L e g a c y, T i g h t S p a c e s
EMCOR Services Fagan also detailed and prefabricated 6- and In June 2017, the Kansas City Chapter of the MCA (Mechanical
8-in central chilled water piping and condenser water piping for the Contractors Association) recognized EMCOR Services Fagan with its
new chiller plant, as well as reverse osmosis skids that include water top award for “Outstanding Mechanical Installation.”
softeners and a storage system. Prefabrication of components using In the end, it was the combined commitment, experience, techni-
BIM enabled the mechanical installation team to resolve potential cal expertise, and financial strength of the entire project team helping
conflicts and clashes with other piping or systems, streamlined the dedicated curators, archivists, and conservators of the Harry S.
installation, and reduced the need for on-site welding and associated Truman Library preserve the 33rd president’s material legacy for the
nuisances to the fully operational library. people of the United States — just as he envisioned in 1954. ES
EFFECTIVE COORDINATION FACILITATES A SUCCESSFUL PROJECT

Weekly project coordination meetings involving various members of
MIKE CRABTREE
the larger Truman Library project team — including those from the Mike Crabtree is president of EMCOR Services Fagan,
engineer of record, the general contractors, and EMCOR Services which is based in Kansas City, KS. A mechanical contractor
and provider of maintenance services throughout Kansas
Fagan — helped ensure that the project proceeded according to plan and western Missouri, EMCOR Services Fagan is a
with minimal impact on library operations. Moreover, interaction subsidiary of EMCOR Group, Inc. (NYSE: EME), specializing
with the library’s director, as well as the maintenance staff, were in mechanical and electrical construction, industrial and
energy infrastructure, and building services for a diverse
invaluable in helping the team to identify and respond in a timely way range of businesses.
to operational and building systems questions.
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ES FEATURE By Ray Wohlfarth
HYBRID
HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
Understand the thinking behind a system that blends condensing and non-condensing
boilers, from the attack on oversizing to a controls strategy that shifts with the weather.
M
y sales territory has winding roads up and down steep
mountains. To cut my travel costs, I traded in my gas-
gulping truck for a small SUV with an equally small four-
cylinder engine. The first trip to a remote customer made
me question my decision. I set the cruise control for three miles per
hour over the speed limit. As I reached the first steep hill, the engine
whined and complained and finally shut off the cruise control as if
saying, “You are on your own.”
I punched the gas pedal to the floor, and the vehicle could not
even reach the speed limit. Even school buses passed me. I visited the
dealer when I returned home, and the sales person informed me my new
vehicle was designed for short city commutes and not that type of travel.
While this has nothing to do with boilers, it does remind me of how FIGURE 1. Flue gas condensing or dewpoint temperature of
misapplied equipment can cause unexpected consequences and possibly natural gas at 15% excess air.
an angry customer. There are several considerations when designing a
replacement hydronic boiler system in a commercial building. WHAT WILL YOU HEAT?
Hydronics are so versatile, and the heating system can be designed to
SIZING THE HEATING SYSTEM heat the domestic hot water, swimming pool water, and/or snowmelt
I believe the first thing to do when designing a replacement system, as well as providing heat for the building.
hydronic heating system is to perform a heat loss of the build-
ing. Sizing is the bedrock of the design process for a replacement CONNECTING TO THE EXISTING SYSTEM
heating system. Please note: Sizing the system using the heat loss Now that the new heating system has been correctly sized, I like to
is only done with hydronic systems. Steam systems are sized by check the existing heating system and verify the new boilers will inte-
calculating the connected load which includes the heat emitters, grate properly. This job site visit would include confirming the size of
radiators, and the piping. the piping and circulator to see if they are large enough to distribute

ES FEATURE
the heat through the building. If the pump is over 15 years old, I urge
you to replace it. ASHRAE suggests that a base-mounted pump has a
life expectancy of 20 years, while a pipe-mounted pump will last 10.
It is difficult to verify the capacity of the circulator as components
may have been changed or are worn. An improperly sized pump could
damage the new boiler. I was asked to give a price for a replacement
heating system for a small school. During the visit, I saw the pump
was half the capacity of the boiler. I was a bit confused. Was the boiler
twice the size required or was the pump half the capacity? It turned
out to be the pump was undersized and the reason the boiler failed.
FIGURE 2. Typical boiler efficiencies at various return water

SYSTEM PRESSURE
temperatures.
Look at the system pressure on the boiler gauge and the location of the
boiler room. If the boiler room is in the basement of a 10-story building,
you may have a reading of around 65-70 Psig in the basement. Verify
that the new boiler can handle pressures that high. To calculate static
pressure, divide the height of the tallest part of the hydronic system by
2.3 and add four pounds. For example, if the hydronic system is 100 ft
tall, the system pressure at the bottom would be 43+4 = 47 Psig.
ORIGINAL DESIGN TEMPERATURE

When you install or design a replacement boiler, the initial design
temperature of the system has to be considered. In most instances,
you are connecting the new boilers to a distribution system designed FIGURE 3. The hourly temperature shows the bin temperatures
several decades earlier. The design water temperature is the water in Pittsburgh during a typical heating season, which runs from
September 15 to April 15.
temperature the original designer used as a basis for the design. If
the boiler was installed after December 1899, the designer most return water temperatures close to 60 º to 80 ºF. Unless you have
likely used 180 ºF as the temperature. That water temperature will a water source heat pump system, the 60 º to 80 ºF water will not
heat the building on the coldest days of the year. provide much heat to the building.
When the condensing boiler has a water temperature operating
YOU SAID I WOULD SAVE MONEY near the design water temperature of 180 ºF, the efficiency drops to
When we started selling condensing boilers, my first condensing about 85% to 88%, slightly higher than non-condensing boilers.
boiler customer asked me how much he would save. I proudly Some may argue the building will operate at the design temperature
showed him the brochure pointing to the sentence exclaiming for only a few days per year and will be condensing the rest of the
efficiencies up to 98% efficient*. I never noticed the asterisk after year. That may or may not be true.
the efficiency claim. I explained how his boiler was 80% efficient
and that the system efficiency would jump from 80% up to 98% or FLUE GAS CONDENSATION
about a 23% savings. He agreed and installed the boilers. Condensing boilers are installed because they condense, although
During the spring, I received an angry call from the customer sometimes they do not. For a boiler to condense, the flue gas tem-
demanding a meeting. When I arrived, the owner informed me his perature has to drop low enough for the flue gases to surrender
savings were only about 5% and not the 23% I had guaranteed him. its latent heat. This is called the dewpoint temperature. It is usu-
I took a deep breath and explained that I did not guarantee the sav- ally thought to happen when the boiler water temperature drops to
ings. I suggested he let me see his utility costs for the past couple 140 ºF. In reality, the excess air in the flue gas affects the dew point
of winters and we reconvene in a week. I reviewed the numbers, temperature. Most burners are adjusted for 3% oxygen or 15%
compared fuel usage, degree days, and was amazed. The new boilers excess air. At those conditions, the dew point temperature is 133ºF.
only cut his costs by 5% to 6%. The reduced savings was because In most buildings, we see flue gas readings of 4% to 5% oxygen. At
the boilers operated most of the year at close to 180 ºF. They were 4% oxygen, the dew point temperature is 131ºF and drops to 130 ºF
used to heat the swimming pool and the domestic hot water. I met when the oxygen in the flue gas is at 5%. With these calculations, the
with the customer and explained my oversight. condensing boiler will not condense until the water temperature is at
130 º or the outside air temperature is above 50 ºF.
CHOOSING THE BOILER
I believe the owner expects the new system to be more efficient CAN WE MAKE IT ALWAYS CONDENSE?
than the old one. That being said, many designers will lean toward Let us assume the building was initially designed using 180 ºF and
a condensing boiler with efficiencies close to 100%. What is not the installer used Slant Fin Model 351-10 baseboard. At 180 ºF water
immediately evident is these efficiencies are often achieved with and 1 gpm flow, each foot of the fin tube will release 870 Btuh. If
ES FEATURE Hybrid Hydronic Systems
we decide to only operate the boiler at 120 ºF water so the boiler

condenses all the time, the fin tube will emit just 310 Btuh or about
36% of the amount of heat. This may not be enough heat during the
cold stretches of the winter. To be sure the boiler condenses all winter,
we would have to install almost twice as much more heating surface.
COMBUSTION AIR TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

Most condensing boilers use combustion air vented from the out-
side. If so, the temperature and humidity of the combustion air
affect the oxygen content in the combustion air. The colder the air
temperature, the denser the air, which means the colder combus-
FIGURE 4. Example of a hybrid heating system.
tion air has more oxygen than warmer, less dense air. For example,
assume you have a boiler adjusted to 15% excess air at a barometric So now that we have a head filled with all this information, how do
pressure of 29 and a temperature of 80 ºF. If the combustion air we design a system for our customer? I urge you to consider a hybrid
temperature drops to 20 ºF with the same barometric reading, the heating system consisting of one or more non-condensing boilers and
excess air more than doubles to 30.9%. one or more condensing boilers. This combination will give our cus-
The barometric properties of the combustion air also affect the tomer the efficiency of a condensing boiler with the longevity of non-
air to fuel ratio of the burner. The lower the barometric pressure, condensing boilers. Also, this type of system is usually less expensive
the lower the oxygen content in the air. If the temperature stays at to install and maintain.
80 °F but the barometric pressure drops from 29 to 28, the excess air
drops from 15% to 11%, treacherously close to a dangerous operat- HOW MANY BOILERS?
ing condition. This is a debated topic, as the industry traditionally designed
boiler rooms with two boilers each sized at 66% to 75% of heat-
BIN TEMPERATURES ing load. The idea was we would have 66% to 75% capacity in
If you look at the bin temperatures for Pittsburgh where I live, you the event of a boiler malfunction. This approach would assure the
will see the condensing boiler will only reach 90% efficiency for building would not freeze and was popular when we were not as
about 366 hours per heating season, or about 8% of the heating concerned with efficiency. The drawback to this is that the heat-
hours. It is based on a system design water temperature of 180 ºF and ing system is oversized between 30% to 50% on the coldest days
a hot water reset schedule of one to one. of the year. The oversizing percentage is exponentially greater as
the weather warms.
OWNERSHIP COSTS All other boiler room accessories are also oversized, including
The condensing boiler is typically about 20% more expensive than a the flue, combustion air, circulator, expansion tank, and piping. I
standard efficiency boiler. Also, the installation cost is usually more urge you to consider multiple or modular boilers for the project.
expensive with a condensing boiler, as holes have to be cut through I recommend using four boilers for the project, two condensing
the side wall for the combustion air and flue gas vents. Some con- and two non-condensing. Each boiler will be sized for 25% of the
densing boilers require stainless steel flue vent, which is costlier than heating load. In the event of a boiler malfunction, the building
Category 1 venting used for non-condensing boilers. still has 75% backup, but the heating plant is much smaller and
The condensing boiler typically requires more maintenance than less expensive.
a standard efficiency boiler due to the condensing flue gases. This If you would like to use the boilers to heat the domestic water via
increases the ownership costs for the building owner. Who will be a water-to-water heat exchanger, you will most likely have to use 170 º
doing the maintenance? This should factor into the decision of the to 180 ºF water for the boiler to get 140 ºF domestic hot water. At that
type of equipment to use. water temperature, the condensing boiler would not operate in the
condensing mode. I would have the non-condensing boilers as the
LIFE EXPECTANCY ones assigned to the domestic water.
The life expectancy is thought to be much lower for a condensing boiler
than a non-condensing one according to the Chartered Institution of CONTROLLING THE HYDRONIC SYSTEM
Building Service Engineers. Slant Fin believes the life of a condensing A common control used on hydronic boilers is a reset control. It
boiler is about half that of a cast iron boiler, while Crown Boiler says the will adjust the water temperature to the building based on the out-
life expectancy of condensing boilers is significantly shorter for a con- side air temperature. Typically, we see a one-to-one reset schedule
densing boiler than a non-condensing boiler. According to ASHRAE, for hydronic systems, which means that for every degree change in
traditional non-condensing hydronic boilers will last up to 30 years. the outside air temperature, we see a one-degree change in the hot
I realize it appears as if I am not a proponent of condensing boilers. water temperature.
Quite the contrary — I think they are a great way to heat a building, At an outdoor design temperature of 0 ºF, the control will supply
but some in our industry tend to overpromise the results of switching to 180 ºF water. When the outside air temperature warms to 30 ºF, the
a condensing boiler. I like to offer realistic expectations to the customer. supply water temperature will lower by 30 ºF to 150 ºF. When the

ES FEATURE
outdoor temperature is 50°F, the supply water temperature is down packed with soot and dirt and the controls jumped out to maintain
to 130 ºF. In many instances, the boiler will not reach 90% efficiency 180 ºF all the time. The soot, which is an excellent insulator, had to be
until the outside temperature reaches 50 ºF to 55ºF. cleaned from inside the boiler and the controls checked and adjusted
to operate properly.
CONTROLLING A HYBRID SYSTEM The cost for getting the boiler back in operation was several hun-
The key to an efficient hybrid system is the control strategy. During dred dollars. The owner balked at the price and suggested his old
the colder temperatures, I have the standard efficiency boilers as the boiler never needed service. The old boiler was a cast iron sectional
lead boiler and the condensing boilers are the lag or backup boilers. with an atmospheric burner and standing pilot. Since there never
As the temperature warms, I have the condensing boilers as the lead seems to be money for maintenance, I would urge you to include it
boilers, so we can take advantage of the condensing feature and the in your proposal.
higher efficiencies. The standard efficiency boilers will become the I would love to hear about your experiences with hybrid heating systems.
lag boilers. With this arrangement, we can limit the run time of the
condensing boilers and extend their lifespan. I would use the outside
air as the trigger to change the lead boiler. RAY WOHLFARTH
Ray Wohlfarth is president of Fire and Ice in Pittsburgh, PA.
He is currently a columnist for Plumbing and Mechanical
THE MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT and PM Engineer Magazine, and the author of “Lessons
I urge you to include a maintenance agreement with the specifica- Learned in a Boiler Room.” Wohlfarth also taught a course
for the Green Building Research Institute on green boilers.
tions or proposal so the boilers are properly maintained. An engineer He is the RP chair for WV ASHRAE, membership chair
I worked with asked me to look at a six-year-old condensing boiler for WV APPA, and member of the Radiant Professionals
that he designed and I sold. When I arrived, I found the boiler was Association.
SUBSCRIBE
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T E C H N O LO GY A N D I N S I G H T F O R CO N S U LT I N G , M E C H A N I CA L & FAC I L I TY E N G I N E E R S T E C H N O LO GY A N D I N S I G H T F O R CO N S U LT I N G , M E C H A N I CA L & FAC I L I TY E N G I N E E R S
JANUARY 2018 NOVEMBER 2017

Vol. 35 No.1 Vol. 34 No.11
GREAT DATA CENTER

EXPECTATIONS
After committing to high-efficiency condensing boilers,
STRATEGIES There’s nothing cooler than a good
don’t let sizing and piping errors give that savings away. “air-side or water-side” financial analysis on the
way to an accurate TCO and wise design.
INSIDE INSIDE
BAS: Using Multiple
Manufacturers pg 28 Static, Semiconductors,
And Us pg 24
Commercial Kitchen
Ventilation: A Complicated Walter Reed’s Temporary
Recipe pg 42 Cooling Tower pg 30
Data Centers: Savings Hiding BAS Survey: What’s The

Behind The Curve pg 46 Trend For 2018? pg 36
w w w . e s m a g a z i n e . c o m w w w . e s m a g a z i n e . c o m
G O T O : w w w. e s m a g a z i n e . c o m / re n e w t o d a y
ES FEATURE By Ionel Petrus, P.E.; Kevin Andreone; Rosemary
Hwang; and Kevin Ricart
TURNOVER
IN THE OR
From seemingly tiny decisions in controls architecture to big coil sizing choices, a surgical suite’s
HVAC design can make room for a little more work and considerably more revenue.
I
n the October 2017 issue, three dehumidification methods for
health care were introduced (“Dehumidification For Health
Care”): low temperature DX, low temperature glycol, and
desiccant dehumidification.
While these methods are helpful, it is important to note that flex-
ibility is key. Every situation is different, and various factors need to be
considered when designing HVAC systems. This holds true for hospi-
tal operations as well. Efficiency of hospital operations is determined
by factors like the utilization rate of each room, such as operating
rooms (OR). In this article, the effect of OR turnover time at hospitals
will be covered as it relates to HVAC systems.
Turnover time is no new concept for hospitals. For the purpose of
this article, turnover time means from the moment one patient leaves
the OR to the next patient entering. Hospitals have been actively
attempting to reduce turnover times by implementing strategic pre- FIGURE 1. AHU cooling coil sizes.
op patient preparedness, surgical case order, tracking case efficiently,
and streamlining procedure scheduling. Turnover time represents lost out a proper design, it can take a whole day for the room conditions
revenue generating opportunities for hospitals and surgeons alike. to adjust to the correct setting for the particular operation. In order
Surgeons are paid independently from hospitals based on the number to decrease turnover time while meeting the medical staff ’s necessary
of surgeries they can perform. This means the faster the turnover time temperature and humidity requirements, various combinations of the
the more surgeries a surgeon can perform in a single day. following strategies can be used.
However, often times there are limitations to what kind of opera-
tions can be done in ORs due to the inflexible HVAC design. For AUTOMATIC SETPOINT ADJUSTMENT
instance, certain rooms are dedicated to open heart surgery due to the Recent advancements allow OR schedules to be incorporated into the
stringent temperature and humidity needed for the operation. With- BAS. This allows the room temperature and humidity setpoints to be

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ES FEATURE Tu r n o v e r I n T h e O R
SEQUENCES OF OPERATION
Chilled water temperature and differential pressure reset controls
can significantly delay turnover time, particularly in shoulder sea-
sons. Consider assigning the BAS to monitor chilled water valve
positions for OR AHUs and override the standard chilled water reset
controls when the valves are more than 90% open. Additionally,
maximum rate of change — and time delay constants throughout
the controls sequences — should be evaluated to reduce overly con-
servative delays where possible.
COOLING COIL SIZING

A typical approach for sizing an AHU cooling coil is to use one set
FIGURE 2. OR AHU system configuration. of setpoints (i.e., the lowest room dry bulb and corresponding relative
humidity) together with the minimum required air changes per hour
(ACH). However, this approach might result in an undersized cooling
coil. In Part 1, we used the following room dry bulb (DB) tempera-
ture and relative humidity (rh) setpoints: 1) minimum 650 ºF/40%
rh, 2) maximum 750 ºF/50% rh. We also assumed that the OR has an
area of 515 sq ft and a ceiling height of 10 ft. The minimum required
air ACH for an OR during occupied mode is 20, which translates to
approximately 1,800 cfm of supply air into the room.
Figure 1 shows that the difference in cooling coil capacity
between using the lowest room DB/rh setting versus the highest
room DB/rh setting is approximately 20%. For illustrative pur-
poses, the authors have assumed that the AHU is provided with a
glycol coil; similar outcomes would occur in the case of desiccant
systems or DX systems.
FIGURE 3. Computational fluid dynamics model of a typical OR.
In order to approximate the real operating conditions of the OR
HVAC system, one should not assume that all ORs are operating the
lowest setpoints at the same time and use that condition to size the
system cooling coil(s). These authors recommend sizing the cooling
coils of the OR AHUs such that the all ORs are cooled from the
highest design set points to the lowest design set points. This scenario,
although it can be considered somewhat conservative, could happen
when the OR HVAC system transitions from the night setback/unoc-
cupied mode into the occupied mode.
A similar approach should be followed when sizing the humidifiers
and reheat coils. Figure 2 shows AHU humidifiers and OR terminal
units that are provided with reheat coils and trim humidifiers. In this
scenario, these authors recommend sizing the AHU humidifier such
that the lowest OR DB/rh setpoints are met; the zone trim humidi-
FIGURE 4. Thermostat on a typical wall. fiers will then be used for specific OR relative humidity control.
These zone trim humidifiers could be located inside of a “custom”
automatically adjusted to accommodate the next surgery without the terminal unit or inside of the supply ductwork, downstream of the
time delay required for a human to manually adjust them. terminal unit.
Furthermore, the terminal unit reheat coils will need to be sized fol-
CONTROL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE lowing a process similar to sizing the AHU cooling coil. These reheat
HVAC control systems typically incorporate BACNET Master Slave coils will need to warm up the OR from the lowest DB/rh setpoints to
Token Passing (MS/TP) protocol using RS-485 wiring to communicate the highest DB set point within the desired OR turnover time.
between various controllers. Controls contractors will often place up to
60 controllers on a single RS-485 loop in low-bid scenarios unless speci- ROOM COOLING/HEATING
fied otherwise, which can result in communication delays of approxi- A transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a typical
mately 30 seconds. This results in low cost, but also in low communica- OR, using 20 air changes per hour (ACH) and a laminar airflow pat-
tion speeds. It is recommended to place no more than 30 controllers on tern, was created in order to evaluate the length of time required to
a single loop to keep communication time below five seconds. transition from one set point to another (Figure 3).

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FIGURE 5. Temperature vs. time, relative to sensor location. FIGURE 6. Revenue vs. turnover time.
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The results proved that cooling and dehumidifying from year for every minute of reduction for turnover time. This savings is
75°F/50% rh to 65°F/40% rh proved to be the more difficult based on eight procedures a day for 250 operating days a year.
transition. Wall conduction, thermal mass of room surfaces, and A study by Stanford University of Medicine, published by the
the radiant time delay of radiant heat absorbed during the previous National Institute of Health, was performed to predict surgery
surgery result in larger loads than one might expect during a transi- duration. Results showed that out of a total of 10,305 surgeries, the
tion period. In addition, OR airflows are, by design, laminar. The duration of approximately 50% of surgeries was under 50 minutes
combination of larger than expected loads, concentrated at room and 70% were under 100 minutes. With the durations of most
surfaces such as the floor and walls, and non-mixing laminar flow surgeries being short and the quantity of surgeries a day increasing,
result in significant temperature asymmetry during transition peri- turnover time becomes vital for a hospital to reduce. In fact, reduc-
ods, particularly close to wall surfaces. ing turnover times may allow a hospital to regularly schedule addi-
Figure 4 depicts room temperature at a 4-ft high plane, 10 min- tional operations in the OR suite without adding staff. By routinely
utes into a transition period. The room temperature near the surface adding an additional one-hour surgery for 250 operating days a year,
of the walls has changed little, despite the fact that room tempera- a hospital can increase its margin by $500,000.
ture and humidity is at or below setpoint in the occupied areas that
As shown, a properly designed HVAC system can increase the
matter. Placing the room’s temperature sensor in the return air duct,
utilization rate of the operating rooms, allowing for a more efficient
or using a wireless sensor closer to the center of the room, can sig-
hospital operation. When designing, it is crucial to consider all
nificantly reduce the perceptible turnover time as shown in Figure
necessary needs to tailor the design by project specific demands. In
5. The chart depicts the temperature measured by sensors in various
other words, there are no single temperature and relative humidity
locations, starting the moment 55ºF air is delivered to the space.
setpoints that satisfy all ORs within a suite. However, having the
In general, the results validated our experience in real installations;
right control system and an appropriate coil size will allow for the
however, real installations will experience additional turbulence and
flexibility needed to cool or heat the operating room.
air mixing due to occupant movement, ceiling-mounted booms,
etc., which will result in less (but still significant) temperature and
humidity asymmetry than seen in the model. An identical simula- CITATIONS:
tion using increased diffuser area and 30 ACH produced similar 1. “What Does One Minute of Operating Room Time Cost?” Alex
results with slightly less asymmetry. Macario, MD, MBA (Journal of Clincal Anesthesia).
2. “Improving Prediction of Surgery Duration using Operational
FISCAL OUTCOMES and Temporal Factors.” Enis Kayis, PhD, Haiyan Wang, PhD,
OR cost per minute has been a widely studied and debated issue Meghna Patel, Tere Gonzalez, MS, Shelen Jain, PhD, RJ Rama-
among hospitals. It can vary greatly among hospitals due to sched- murthi, MD, Cipriano Santos, PhD, Sharad Singhal, PhD, Jaap
uling, staff pay, and overall overhead costs. The industry standard Suermondt, PhD, and Karl Sylvester, MD.
for an OR room cost $20 per minute for a basic procedure. Twenty 3. “Reducing non-operative time: methods and impact on operating
dollars per minute may not seem like a meaningful number at first, room economics.” Krupka, D.C., Sathaye, S. & Sandberg W.S.
but this can represent significant savings for both small and large International Journal Healthcare Technology Management, Vol. 9,
hospitals. Figure 6 shows how much money a hospital can save each No. 4 (2008). ES
KEVIN ANDREONE IONEL PETRUS

Kevin Andreone is a mechanical engineer with Ionel Petrus is a licensed professional engineer and has over six
SmithGroupJJR in Washington. He attended Penn State years of mechanical design experience. In addition to being a
University where he graduated with a B.A.E of Architectural LEED AP, he is also a Certified Energy Manager. His experience
Engineering degree. Kevin is an E.I.T. and LEED AP. He includes designing HVAC systems for commercial buildings,
has experience designing various HVAC systems including research laboratories, health care facilities, and museums. He
commercial buildings, laboratories, and health care performs energy calculations and ROI analyses, as well as life-
facilities. He can be contacted at cycle cost analyses. He can be contacted at
Kevin.Andreone@smithgroupjjr.com. ionel.petrus@smithgroupjjr.com.
ROSEMARY HWANG KEVIN RICART

Rosemary Hwang is a mechanical engineer with Kevin Ricart is an engineer in training working for
SmithGroupJJR in Washington. She attended Penn State SmithGroupJJR in the Washington area. He earned Bachelor
University where she graduated with an integrated M.A.E/ and Master of Architectural Engineering degrees from
B.A.E of Architectural Engineering degree in 2016. She is Penn State University in 2015, and has since designed and
working towards gaining valuable HVAC design experience analyzed HVAC systems for commercial buildings, health care
and is expected to take her Professional Engineering exam facilities, laboratories, and government facilities. His primary
in 2019. She can be contacted at responsibilities include heating and cooling load calculations,
rosemary.hwang@smithgroupjjr.com. preparation of construction drawings and specifications, BIM
coordination, CFD modeling, and energy modeling.

Sensors by Belimo are the perfect
complement to actuators and valves.
Belimo’s new range of sensors is the result of over four decades of experience, research, and focus on providing
value-adding technologies to customers throughout the HVAC industry. The sensors’ unique design offers easy
installation and seamless integration, resulting in reduced costs and optimal system performance.
Belimo Sensors at a Glance Air Quality Sensors

Belimo offers a complete range of sensors for • Dual Channel CO2 sensor based
measuring temperature, humidity, pressure, CO2, on NDIR technology offering
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with optional effective compensation of long
BACnet and Modbus communications. With a term drift providing precise
focus on quality and reliability, Belimo sensors accuracy and long-term stability
carry a five-year warranty, conform to NEMA 4X • Maintenance free
and IP65 requirements and are UL compliant.
• Integrated temperature, humidity,
Temperature Sensors and VOC sensors for building
• Up to eight active applications that require sensors
measurement with multi-functional capabilities
ranges simplifies • Dual channel self-calibration
field selection and technology for buildings and applications
reduces inventory for where ABC logic cannot be used
maximum flexibility
• Variety of output signals: Pressure Sensors
passive NTC, RTD, 0-5/10 • Eight field selectable
VDC, 4 to 20 mA pressure ranges in
• Sintered moisture protection one unit
coating on all duct, immersion, • Additional air velocity
and cable sensors protects output on selected
against moisture, mechanical stress, and vibrations models
• Modbus communications
Humidity Sensors
• Excellent zero-point stability and high accuracy
• Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
based polymer-capacitance sensor • Auto-zero or manual calibration option
with an accuracy of ±2% relative • Optional LCD display
humidity as standard and long-
term drift <±0.25% not affected by
high humidity and contaminants Belimo sensors seamlessly integrate into major
building automation systems (BAS). Belimo’s
• Multi-sensor with selectable output
expertise and ability to innovate are evident with
measurement values: relative
the universal compact enclosure design, intuitive
humidity, absolute humidity,
screwless snap cover, and detachable mounting
enthalpy, and dew point
plate making installation and commissioning easy.
• Four active selectable temperature
For further information, contact your local Belimo
ranges for flexible field selection
Sales Manager, call 800-543-9038 (USA),
and reduced inventory
866-805-7089 (Canada), or visit www.belimo.com
BELIMO Americas www.belimo.com

SPOTLIGHT
VRV T-Series Water Cooled System
Daikin North America LLC (DNA) announced the launch of a new height seperation between the outdoor unit and indoor units provide
VRV T-Series Water Cooled condensing unit for buildings with added installation flexibility.
existing cooling tower water loops or connection to ground source
geothermal loops which can make it one of the most energy efficient An industry leading connection ratio of up to 150% provides a lower
systems available at up to 30 IEER. The new VRV T-Series provides initial investment expense while taking advantage of the buildings
all the attributes of an Air-cooled VRV system including the added diversity. Each indoor unit is capable of independent, controllable heating
flexibility for cold climate applications, as well as low sound levels, and cooling or can be grouped together into larger zones, providing
advanced comfort control and zoning, all in a smaller package with consitant, controllable zoning comfort throuought the building.
improved performance as compared to the previous PC-Series.
The VRV T-Series Water Cooled systems include a 10 year parts
The VRV T-Series uses the same wide-range of indoor unit models as limited warranty and 10 year replacement compressor limited
the air cooled VRV IV series, providing many architectual application warranty. For more details, visit www.daikinac.com.
options. Multilple indoor units can be connected to a single
condensing unit with up to 64 indoor unit connection capability on
a single refrigerent network. The VRV T-Series also uses the same
branch selector boxes and refrigerent piping techniques as the air
cooled systems which make it convenient for combing water cooled
and air cooled systems on the same project.
Simultaneous heating and cooling is available with heat recovery

configuration that connect the outdoor condensing unit to the indoor
units using a 3-pipe refrigerant network. Heat pump systems provide
either heating or cooling, but not simultaneously, are also available
utilizing a 2-pipe refrigerant network.
The T-Series has proven to be a great application for new or existing

high-rise buildings where it can replace existing 2- or 4-pipe chilled
water systems. The small (38-9/16” H X 30-1/8” W X 22-1/16”
D), lightweight (430 lbs) units are transportable using a dolly and
typically installed indoors, on individual floors where they can easily
be transported on the elevator, saving space, time and labor.
The new single modules (208-230V/3Ph/60Hz or 460V/3Ph/60Hz)

are now available in 8-, 10- and 12-ton sizes, along with a more
compact design as compared to the previous PC-Series. Single
modules can be manifolded together to flexibly increase the capacity
CONTACT
range with up to three units to form one system of up to 36 tons. The
compact size, along with the “heat rejection cancelation technology” Visit www.DaikinAC.com or contact
allow installation in small, closet type spaces, without any additional
your local distributor for more
ventilation requirements. Up to three units can be connected and
stacked on top of one another to fit within a floor to ceiling height of information.
10½ feet. Long piping lengths of up to 540 feet and up to 98 feet of

SPOTLIGHT
Greenheck’s vast product line ensures comfortable

indoor air environments.
An integrated strategy for moving, controlling and conditioning air is

essential for today’s high performance buildings. The expectations of
building owners, architects, mechanical engineers and contractors for
a comfortable, reliable and energy-efficient indoor air environment
can all be met when a wide variety of top performing HVAC products
and systems are selected and installed. Today’s indoor air requirements
are far more complex than simply moving fresh air in and exhausting
stagnant air out. That’s why Greenheck engages in extensive product
research and development and continuously expands and improves its
vast and varied line of HVAC products.
A SYS TEMATIC APPROACH

Although Greenheck began more than 70 years ago as a fan manufacturer Robert C. Greenheck Innovation Center in Schofield, Wisconsin
and continues to offer the industry’s best-selling rooftop and wall-
mount exhaust fans and ventilators, Greenheck also manufactures
super-efficient energy recovery ventilators, dampers, louvers, make-up
air units, variable-volume kitchen ventilation systems, centrifugals and
vane axials, high-velocity laboratory exhaust systems and more.
Greenheck’s wide range of products helps engineers create integrated,

whole-building solutions. Project planners who try to build ventilation
systems by mixing equipment brands, on the other hand, may
sacrifice performance and long-term reliability — and lose time and
money due to installation incompatibility and added field assembly.
INNOVATIVE PRODUC T DEVELOPMENT

Greenheck’s on-site laboratories ensure compliance of both new and
existing products to critical performance requirements issued by
AMCA, ANSI, ASHRAE, UL and other third-party certification
organizations — and the company’s Robert C. Greenheck Innovation
Center inspires product engineers to continuously develop reliable
new products and to enhance performance of existing products.
Yes, Greenheck leads the industry with the most AMCA certified
dampers, louvers and fans, but it also has introduced energy-efficient CONTACT
kitchen ventilation systems and innovative energy recovery, make-up
air systems and laboratory exhaust systems. P.O. Box 410 Schofield, WI 54476
715.359.6171 | greenheck.com
For more information, see your nearby Greenheck representative or
visit greenheck.com.
SPOTLIGHT
Viega MegaPress XL® – Advanced Press for Larger Pipes
Viega MegaPress XL is the first and only press fitting system for use in fuel oil and natural gas applications. Patented Smart Connect®
2 1/2” to 4” diameter carbon steel pipe. The Viega MegaPress XL technology, available only from Viega, provides installers with added
PressBooster is a unique tool designed for larger diameters using an confidence in their ability to ensure the integrity of connections.
existing 300 Series RIDGID® press tool.
Viega. Connected in quality.
Suitable for use with Schedule 10 to Schedule 40 carbon steel pipe,
Viega MegaPress XL is approved for more applications than any
other carbon steel press fitting system. On average, MegaPress XL
makes easy, secure connections in 25 seconds. Compared to welding
and other pipe joining methods, Viega MegaPress XL saves up to 60
percent in installation costs and up to 90 percent in time. Unlike
welding and threading, Viega MegaPress XL doesn’t require a fire
watch, cutting oils and doesn’t create sparks, all while greatly reducing
the need for cleanup and callbacks. Viega MegaPress XL features
an FKM sealing element that allows it to be installed in higher
temperature (up to 284 degrees Fahrenheit) applications.
FAST RELIABLE CONNECTIONS ON LARGER DIAMETER PIPE

Only available through Viega and RIDGID, the Viega MegaPress XL
PressBooster extends the travel of the ram to increase force and comes
with 2 1/2”, 3” and 4” press rings and a built-in actuator. With the
Viega MegaPress XL PressBooster, users can make fast, reliable press
connections on larger diameter pipe without needing to purchase a
new press tool.
“Viega MegaPress XL is the only system of its kind that can deliver
Viega’s reliable and cost-effective MegaPress technology to larger
diameter carbon steel pipe,” said Dominic Kung, product manager,
metal systems at Viega. “With MegaPress XL, installers save time and
money with every connection and can rely on the MegaPress system
to deliver fast, accurate installations in any conditions.”
PERFORMANCE FOR INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND

RESIDENTIAL
Ideal for industrial, commercial and residential applications, the Viega
CONTACT
MegaPress system is easy to use, flameless and environmentally friendly. Viega
Available in 1/2” to 4” sizes, Viega MegaPress makes secure, water-tight
and air-tight connections in seconds. The system performs well in both
800-976-9819
new installations and retrofit projects. The innovative addition to Viega’s viega.us/UnfairAdvantage
product line leaves no joining material buildup, exposed threads or
tarnish, creating a clean, professional appearance. Viega MegaPress®G
fittings in sizes ½” through 2” are the only press fittings designed for

SPOTLIGHT
Ventilation Retrofitting Saves Money
fleet of machines will directly affect the requirements. The same

applies for example when considering additional solar energy system
or heat pump installations.
The system must fundamentally be assessed and re-calculated as a

whole. Thanks to today’s far more precise methods for calculations and
performing simulations, the building situation and the requirements
for the air conditioning or ventilation system can be coordinated
together very precisely. As a result of the improved technology of
electric motors and fans, the amount of space required for these
components can be significantly reduced.
Using the latest data, experts determine the ideal components: the latest
generation of electric motors, control units and fans. In this context, there
is no single, ideal combination. The owner of the building is provided
with a comparative payback calculation; together with multiple versions
of components that meet the requirements of his/her energy savings plan.
Majority of the existing plant remains unchanged

In most cases, a large part of the existing plant can be left unchanged.
The focus of the attention is on electric motors, control units and fans
which in any event will be replaced by more efficient, new devices. Since
large fans are often awkward to install in existing buildings, the trend is
towards units which are smaller but that work together in parallel. This
also has the advantage of enabling individual components to be eas ly
When it comes to reducing energy consumption in the production process, maintained or replaced whilst the system is running. ZIEHL-ABEGG
plant managers of industrial companies are professionals. In this context, has developed the modular fan system for this purpose, the ZAcube:
they look at benchmarks and invest on a targeted basis with the aim of multiple cube-shaped elements are installed on top of and next to each
achieving a rapid ROI. However, ancillary costs not directly associated other, like a modular system; aerodynamically optimised fans and
with production are often viewed as unalterable and are tolerated as a energy-saving EC motors are integrated into each cube.
permanent annoyance. It is precisely these items of expenditure that
can offer considerable savings potential. With its modular fan system, Irrespective of the positive economic considerations, the retrofitting
ZIEHL-ABEGG offers the ideal upgrading solution. of ventilation or air conditioning systems must also be seen from the
general environmental aspect. Energy is finite and in the interest of
People who own old buildings often don’t want to make any fundamental future geerations should not be wasted.
changes to the air conditioning or ventilation system because this would
presumably entail far-reaching modifications to the building structure;
not to mention the problems with a listed building. Opening up walls,
laying pipes and much more – in most cases this is not necessary at all
since existing systems can to a large extent be incorporated into the
planning. Furthermore, anything else would not be justifiable from the
viewpoint of the potential energy savings. CONTACT
However, it is necessary to determine the actual fundamental
www.ziehl-abegg.us.
requirements. Changes in the number of employees or a modified +1 336 834-9339
SPOTLIGHT
Contemporary Controls’ BAScontrol Series

Open Control Without Restriction
There are many BACnet controllers on the market that utilize a closed/ Our SAE is part of our BAScontrol Toolkit which is provided free-of-
restricted programming tool with a proprietary programming lan- charge as a download from our web site. Included with the BAScontrol
guage. Our concept of an open controller is one that uses: Toolkit are the BASbackup Project Utility, which can make a com-
prehensive backup of the controller, and BASemulator which allows
• An open protocol that operates over IP networks – BACnet/IP BAScontrol emulation on a Windows PC.
• An open source drag-and-drop component-based programming lan-
guage – Sedona In addition to our free software tools, we offer a set of five pre-built
• A programming tool available to anyone without restriction – the constant volume air-handler applications with pre-assigned BACnet
Sedona Application Editor (SAE) points list, sequence of operation, system schematic and suggested
device list, all available via free download saving you time and money
The BAScontrol series of BACnet/IP Sedona Unitary controllers pro- on your automation project.
vide a mix of up to 22 points of universal inputs, binary inputs, analog
outputs, relay or triac outputs. Communication is over Ethernet. The Learn more by visiting www.ccontrols.com/controllers.
controllers are freely programmable using Sedona’s drag-and-drop pro-
gramming language. Using SAE, components are placed onto a wire
sheet, configured and interconnected with links to create applications.
Virtual components exchange BACnet client data with the wire sheet CONTACT
while web components exchange configuration data with web browsers. www.ccontrols.com/controllers
With Sedona, program changes are immediately executed.
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SOFTWARE & APPS
CAD MODELS
Regal Beloit Corporation has released 3-D
BUILDING MANAGEMENT
CAD models on a section of the Marathon mo- Honeywell announced that its Outcome
tors product catalog on its website. The mod- Based Service, a cloud-enabled building
els are available in STEP file format, a universal AC MOBILE APP management service that helps identify
exchange format that can be imported by all misconfigurations, now extends to me-
Fujitsu General America has introduced a chanical systems. Outcome Based Service
3-D CAD software platforms. The models are new control for home/office climate from
stored in a product information management for Mechanical Systems monitors mechani-
any location. The company’s new wi-fi cal equipment performance in line with
(PIM) system. The PIM system allows Regal to
module allows monitoring and control of key performance indicators (KPIs) closely
publish information to its own website as well its Halcyon heating and cooling systems,
as make product information readily available tied to building comfort and energy effi-
and indoor conditions, using a smartphone ciency, as well as equipment maintenance.
for channel partners to post on their respective or tablet. With the new wi-fi module, key
websites. While the PIM system is currently The service uses advanced algorithms that
functions of the free FGLair app include monitor and analyze HVAC controllers,
only available for Marathon North American
on/off, operation mode, fan speed, louver mechanical equipment, and their key com-
motor products, it will expand to other brands
position, set-temp, room/zone tempera- ponents, from boilers and chillers to other
as the phased approach progresses.
tures, weekly timer, minimum heat, energy hardware that make up the core equipment
savings program, error display, email noti-
Regal Beloit Corp. fication, and child lock. The wi-fi module is
of a building, in near real time, helping
www.regalbeloit.com uncover many faults and anomalies faster
compatible with most Halcyon split-system than traditional, routine maintenance.
indoor units.
Honeywell
Fujitsu General America
buildingsolutions.honeywell.com
www.fujitsu-general.com
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Webinar
The Impact of
Renewable Energy on Power
Management Systems
Our society has become highly dependent on

electrical power. Directly or indirectly this impacts DATE: March 7, 2018
the average person, as well as businesses and gov-
ernment agencies at virtually every level, making
2 PM ET
reliability a primary mandate.
Nonetheless, in today’s energy conscious and en-
vironmentally-aware world, today’s power manage- At the end of this webinar, attendees will
ment systems need to be agile to accommodate be able to:
sustainable energy sources, such as solar and wind, • Identify the requirements of integrating
which by their very nature are intermittent. There- intermittent power sources into a facility
fore, power management systems must be intel- power management system.
ligent to adapt to more dynamic power sources. • Apply how energy storage and custom
Moreover, the facility power infrastructure must be switchgear can maintain power
flexible when it comes to accommodating variable availability from renewable power
demands and potential capacity increases over the sources.
expected operational life of the facility. • Discover how flexible modular power
As a result, many new facilities are considering systems can simplify adding renewable
customized modular power systems which allow energy sources in the future.
them to cost effectively and seamlessly meet these • Recognize the factors that influence the
challenges. decision to use renewable energy.
SPONSORED BY:
Speaker:
Julius Neudorfer
CTO & founder of
North Amerian Access
Technologies, Inc.
For more information or to watch on demand, visit

www.esmagazine.com/webinars
ISSUES & EVENTS
AWARDS
REES SCHOLARSHIP
FOUNDATION AWARDS
$74,000 TO ASPIRING
HVACR TECHS
LEARNING
NEBB OFFERING COMMISSIONING, BUILDING ENCLOSURE SEMINARS
The Clifford H. “Ted”
Rees Jr. Scholarship
Foundation announced
scholarship awards totaling $74,000 to 40 students studying to
become technicians in the HVACR and water heating industry. The
The National Environmental Balancing Bureau will hold its 2018
organization is a 501(c)(3) charitable foundation of the Air-Condi-
annual conference in San Diego. Registration is currently open for the
tioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute and the Air Condition-
BET and CxCT seminars held during the conference.
ing Contractors of America.
The Building Enclosure Testing (BET) seminar will be April 23-24,
with an optional exam day on April 25. The two-day seminar will pro- “We are pleased to award scholarships to these qualified and dedi-
vide attendees with an overview of building enclosure testing concepts, cated students and veterans, and we hope to eventually welcome them
including discussions of air barrier enclosures from design to material into the industry,” said AHRI President and CEO Stephen Yurek.
selection and installation, and a review of various testing methods and “Each year, the foundation provides aid to an increasing number of
procedures currently specified and their correct application. recipients, helping to promote careers in the industry and fill good-
The BET seminar will also cover basic operation of the blower door paying jobs that cannot be outsourced.”
equipment, respective applications, and features. Attendees will learn Since the Rees Scholarship Foundation was founded in 2003, it
how analyze and troubleshoot enclosure test issues, troubleshoot air has awarded more than $700,000 in scholarships to more than 400
barrier leakage issues, and problem resolution focusing on the use of students and instructors.
thermal imaging.
The CxCT seminar will be offered April 23-24, with an optional
exam day on April 25. The seminar will cover fundamental knowl- SMITHGROUPJJR ACQUIRES BOSTON-BASED HEALTH CARE DESIGN
edge of building systems commissioning, performing pre-functional FIRM TRO
and functional tests, air and water system troubleshooting, and han- SmithGroupJJR has expanded its national presence with the acquisi-
dling report preparation. tion of TRO, a Boston-based, multidisciplinary health care design
The CxCT seminar will also discuss the adherence to the over- firm. The move increases the company’s resources to 1,300 employees
all safety plan, maintaining instruments and calibration program, and 12 offices across the U.S. and China.
knowledge in evaluating HVAC and control systems, and under- TRO will become the Boston office of SmithGroupJJR. Mark
standing testing control systems. NEBB says the goal of this seminar Jussaume, P.E., LEED AP, who has been with TRO since 1990 and
is to provide the knowledge base for individuals to become success- most recently served as the firm’s CEO, steps into the role of office
ful technicians working under a Certified Professional (CP) and to director for this location. Jussaume shared that finding a partner with
encourage the pursuit of the Cx Certified Technician certification. the right cultural fit was the most critical concern that his leadership
For more information on the CxCT seminar, visit www.nebb.org. team expressed when entering into the acquisition process.

ISSUES & EVENTS
NEWS
“A former SmithGroupJJR employee joined TRO and recognized The new joint venture will include marketing, sales, and distri-
the similarities between our two firms’ cultures and values,” states bution of ductless and VRF heating and air conditioning systems
Jussaume. “A year of discussions grew into this opportunity to join through Ingersoll Rand’s Trane and American Standard commercial
forces. There’s no doubt that this partnership will add tremendous and residential channels, and existing Mitsubishi Electric distribu-
depth in all disciplines and allow our expanded organization to lever- tors and representatives in the United States and select countries in
age deep expertise in several key market sectors.” Latin America.
SmithGroupJJR’s growth plans include establishing additional Company officials said the systems sold by the joint venture
offices and expanding services and markets into existing offices where will be highly efficient, variable-speed mini-split, multi-split,
there is strategic alignment with client needs. The acquisition of TRO and VRF air conditioners and heat pumps for homes, light com-
follows other recent moves, including the opening of an office in San mercial, and commercial applications. The joint venture will dis-
Diego, the addition of engineering services in all California offices, tribute products with the Trane or American Standard brand and
and expanded service offerings at the Madison, WI office to include the Mitsubishi Electric corporate logo to Ingersoll Rand channels.
architectural design for the first time in the firm’s history. The joint venture will also continue to serve Mitsubishi Electric
SmithGroupJJR Managing Partner Russ Sykes, P.E., LEED AP U.S. distributors and representatives with Mitsubishi Electric
acknowledged that establishing a presence in the Northeast, and branded product.
Boston in particular, has been part of SmithGroupJJR’s strategic Pending favorable global antitrust reviews and customary closing
long-range plan. conditions, the new joint venture is expected to be operational in the
“As opportunities to grow the firm have been identified, the first half of 2018. A chief executive officer will be named from Mit-
Northeast was an obvious gap in the geography of our offices. New subishi Electric, a chief financial officer will be named from Ingersoll
England is a prime location for the markets we serve and a great region Rand, and the business will operate from headquarters in Suwanee,
for recruiting talent,” Sykes explained. “We were already teamed with GA. Ingersoll Rand and Mitsubishi Electric US Inc., a subsidiary
TRO to deliver projects in the region, including working together of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, will have equal ownership. The
at Exeter Hospital and on Boston University’s Henry M. Goldman financial terms of the deal were not disclosed.
School of Dental Medicine. This move allows us to be closer to those
clients while continuing to expand our portfolio in other markets.” VERTIV ACQUIRES ENERGY LABS
The Boston office will continue doing business as TRO into the Vertiv, formerly Emerson Network Power, has acquired Energy Labs,
second quarter of 2018, at which time it will be fully integrated into
a privately owned, U.S.-based manufacturer of custom air handling
the SmithGroupJJR brand. systems. Energy Labs portfolio includes direct evaporative, indirect
evaporative, and direct expansion cooling technologies. Terms of the
deal were not disclosed.
INDUS TRY NEWS According to Vertiv, the acquisition will significantly increase
INGERSOLL RAND, MITSUBISHI ESTABLISH JOINT VENTURE FOR the company’s capabilities in the commercial and industrial
DUCTLESS VRF SYSTEMS space, creating additional opportunities to work with universities,
Ingersoll-Rand and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation have entered hospitals, airports, office buildings, and other critical commercial
into an agreement to establish a 50-50 joint venture pending global segments where air handling systems are the preferred cooling
antitrust review. solution. Cloud and colocation providers also are driving the
ISSUES & EVENTS
market for these large, free-cooling air handling solutions, and ucts. “We are committed to proactively creating solutions for our
this acquisition bolsters the Vertiv portfolio for these customers. customers as their business needs evolve due to industry regulations
“This acquisition supports our growth strategy to find companies and emerging market trends.”
that both align with our values and bolster our current offerings,” said The Heatcraft condensing unit medium temperature LG models
Vertiv CEO Rob Johnson. “Energy Labs is a perfect fit, with talented are designed to meet all new EPA SNAP regulations and are com-
people, innovative technologies, and complementary expertise that patible with multiple refrigerants, including R-404A, R-407A/C,
will help us continue to meet the needs of our customers, while also R-448A, and R-449A.
expanding into adjacent markets.”
Energy Labs is headquartered in San Diego and has more than 900 GREENHECK APPOINTS NEW LEADERSHIP TEAM
employees in the U.S. and Mexico. The West Coast location expands Greenheck has promoted several executives to support a new company
Vertiv’s footprint and increases visibility and accessibility to custom-organizational structure.
ers in the Western U.S. “Tim Kilgore, Dave Kallstrom, Rich Totzke, and Scott Graf
“This is an exciting step for Energy Labs, and I look forward have been promoted to enhance The Greenheck Group’s winning
to working with Vertiv to expand the impact our organizations ways in all entities and target markets,” said Greenheck Group
can have together,” said Ray Irani, president of Energy Labs. “The President and CEO James McIntyre. “These strong and experi-
complementary nature of our portfolios and capabilities make this a enced leaders will assume new leadership responsibilities and help
natural fit for everyone involved and presents a tremendous growth guide our future success.”
opportunity for the business, especially in the commercial and Tim Kilgore, a 12-year Greenheck veteran, has been promoted
industrial space.” to president of Greenheck sales and marketing for the Americas.
“This is the first acquisition under the Vertiv banner, and it is Kilgore will be responsible for all Greenheck distribution channels
exactly the kind of additive move we feel can accelerate the com- in North, Central, and South America. Previously, Kilgore led the
pany’s growth,” said Jacob Kotzubei, partner at Platinum Equity, Greenheck mechanical representative and OEM sales and marketing
which is the parent company for Vertiv. “We are excited for this efforts in North America as president. In an earlier role, he served
addition to the Vertiv family and for the opportunities it presents as division vice president for the Air Control and Architectural
to provide new and existing customers with an even more compre- Products Division.
hensive product set.” Dave Kallstrom, a 32-year Greenheck Fan veteran, has been
promoted to president of Greenheck Operations for the Americas.
LG, HEATCRAFT COLLABORATE ON COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION He will be responsible for all of the Greenheck business units serv-
SCROLL COMPRESSOR ing the North, Central, and South America markets. Kallstrom
LG Electronics USA Inc.’s Component Solutions division and Heat- was most recently president of the Global Ventilation Solutions
craft Refrigeration Products announced a sourcing agreement to Division. Earlier in his career, Kallstrom served Greenheck as gen-
manufacture new Heatcraft condensing units with LG refrigeration eral manager for International and Grainger marketing, sales and
scroll compressors. marketing manager for Fan and Ventilator (F&V), product manager
The advanced new LG scroll compressor for commercial refrigera- for fan and ventilation, product manager for dampers, and sales
tion will come factory-installed in 1.5 through 5 hp horizontal air- manager for dampers and louvers.
cooled condensing unit medium temperature models. Rich Totzke, Greenheck Group CFO and treasurer, has been
“LG’s relationship with Heatcraft, a leader in commercial refrigera- promoted to senior vice president of Shared Services and CFO.
tion, is a testament to the extensive research and innovative designs His current financial duties and management responsibilities
developed by our compressor engineers,” said Kwangho Kim, presi- for sourcing, logistics, facilities, and safety will be expanded to
dent of LG Electronics Component Solutions. include manufacturing, human resources, and legal services. Totz-
The company says the LG scroll compressor for commercial refrig- ke has been with Greenheck since 2011. Prior to joining Green-
eration features a highly-calibrated vacuum compression prevention heck, he had a 13-year career in public accounting at Wipfli LLP.
device and a stronger, more responsive discharge reed valve engineered During Totzke’s tenure as a CPA, he served in various leadership
for the harsh operating conditions inside refrigeration applications. capacities in the manufacturing and construction practice groups
This medium temperature model is designed for walk-in com- providing audit, tax, and consulting advice primarily to privately
mercial refrigeration applications such as supermarkets, convenience held family enterprises.
stores, restaurants, and cold-storage warehouses. Scott Graf, a 27-year veteran of Greenheck has been promoted
“As the only commercial refrigeration manufacturer offering two to vice president of Greenheck Group Manufacturing Excellence
scroll compressor manufacturer options on 1.5 to 5 hp medium and Sourcing & Logistics. In this new role, Graf will be a consul-
temperature condensing units, Heatcraft is continually looking for tant to the entity presidents and business unit general managers
ways to enhance our ability to satisfy the needs of our customers as on manufacturing strategy and execution. In addition, he will
they transition from hermetic to scroll compressors to meet new EPA be responsible for oversight of Greenheck Group sourcing and
SNAP rules as well as future DOE regulations,” said Larry Golen, logistics. Graf is currently general manager of the Architectural
vice president and general manager of Heatcraft Refrigeration Prod- Products business unit. ES

PRODUCTS IN FOCUS
COIL CLEANING SYSTEM CENTRIFUGAL CHILLER

Goodway Technologies has launched its Johnson Controls introduced the
CC-201T coil cleaning system. Goodway YORK® YZ Magnetic Bearing Cen-
says the system is designed to make it trifugal Chiller. The company claims
easier and faster to perform on-the-go it is the first chiller fully optimized
cleaning of coils in mini-split systems, for ultimate performance with a
packaged terminal air conditioners next-generation, low-global warm-
(PTACs), and interior air handlers. The CC- ing potential (GWP) refrigerant —
201T includes a portable design and cus- R-1233zd(E). The YORK® YZ chiller
tom pump system that uses a pressurized uses an integral VSD and advanced
water system to safely remove dust, dirt, magnetic bearing technology that features a single moving assem-
and debris from a variety of coils. It can be bly suspended in a magnetic field that does not require lubrication.
connected to a water source for continu- This technology requires 80% fewer moving parts than traditional
ous cleaning or there is a built-in storage oil- or refrigerant-lubricated drivelines. The result is enhanced reli-
tank that holds eight gallons of water. ability, reduced maintenance, and improved efficiency. Compared
to traditional fixed-speed oil-bearing chillers, Johnson Controls of-
Goodway Technologies ficials said the YZ delivers up to 35% annual energy savings.
www.goodway.com
Johnson Controls, York
www.YORK.com/Next
PROPELLER FAN
COMBUSTION ANALYZER According to Greenheck, its new
Bacharach has released the PCA® 400 Model AER direct drive sidewall
portable combustion and emissions propeller fan moves 30% more
analyzer for commercial and industrial air compared to similar fans. This
applications such as boilers, engines, and allows for a smaller fan size to
generators. The company claims the PCA be specified in order to achieve
400 provides efficiency measurements desired performance while
and combustion emissions data during reducing first cost. Featuring a
the fuel burning process that helps cast aluminum propeller and an
facilitate improved system performance, aerodynamic drive frame that helps
a reduction in energy consumption, maximize efficiency, Model AER
and decreased emissions impact on offers expanded performance up to
the environment. Measurement of key 29,000 cfm and external static pressure up to 2.45 in wg.
combustion gases include CO, NO, NO2, Available in four sizes ranging from 20 in to 36 in, Model
and SO2. The device features Bluetooth® AER can be specified in exhaust or supply configurations.
wireless connectivity and 12-hour rechargeable batteries. Direct drive motor options are available up to 1 hp for
Vari-Green® EC motors and up to 7.5 hp for AC motors.
Bacharach Inc.
www.mybacharach.com Greenheck
www.greenheck.com
RADIAL FANS
A complete line of high-efficiency
radial fans for use in wall-mount AIRFLOW MEASUREMENT
air conditioning units, commercial
kitchens, and cleanrooms is now Air Monitor has released its OAM II
available from Rosenberg USA Inc. Airflow Measurement System. The
Designated the DRAD Series, these company says the system provides
compact blowers feature forward reliable airflow measurement without
curved impellers in diameters rang- straight duct runs and is accurate when
ing from 5.24 to 15.75 in. They are wet. It is unaffected by wind and debris,
ideal for air conditioning evaporator applications from 1.5- and has active air density correction.
ton to 15-ton capacity. Rosenberg DRAD blowers provide Capabilities include broad airflow
a maximum 8,800 cfm cooling capacity in a space-saving operating ranges from minimum through economizer mode,
package without external motors, belts, or external shafts. as well as simultaneous split minimum and economizer inlet
Developed for moving clean air, the fans’ impellers are measurement. The OAM II also has the ability to measure
made of galvanized sheet metal directly mounted to the two inlets with a single system.
rotor of the external rotor motor.
Air Monitor
Rosenberg USA Inc. www.airmonitor.com
www.rosenbergusa.com
CLASSIFIEDS
Contact Mike O’Connor at
610-354-9552 or
E-mail at oconnorm@bnpmedia.com
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE
LET US Design
YOUR CLASSIFIED AD!
SUPERHEATED BOILERS AVAILABLE
Get a Boiler Rental Quote within one hour at

www.werentboilers.com or call 800-228-8861
Use company logos to

attract more attention, see
a proof before it goes to
print and update copy for
future publications. Call Mike
OÕConnor @ 610-354-9552.

AD INDEX
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AD INDEX
AEE Fujitsu Parker Boiler

www.globalconevent.com www.fujitsu.com www.parkerboiler.com
770-447-5083 x226 Page 39 323-727-9800
Page 20 Page 21
Greenheck
Air Monitor www.greenheck.com Rheem
www.airmonitor.com 715-359-6171 www.rheem.com
800-AIRFLOW Page 3, 45 Page IFC, IBC
Page 41
Kohler Stulz
Belimo www.esmagazine.com/webinars www.stulz-usa.com
www.belimo.us Page 51 Page 37
Page 27, 43
Lochinvar Viega
Contemporary Controls www.lochinvar.com www.viega.us
www.ccontrols.com Page 11 Page 5, 46
630-963-7070
Page 17, 48 Metraflex Ziehl-Abegg
www.metraflex.com www.ziehl-abegg.com
Daikin North America LLC 312-738-3800 Page 9, 47
www.northamerica-daikin.com Page 19
Page 15, 44
Onicon
ebm-papst www.onicon.com
www.ebmpapst.com 727-447-6140
Page 7 Page 29
SALES STAFF
Mike Murphy Carrie Halbrook
Publisher Midwest Advertising Manager
Michael O’Connor
e-mail murphym@bnpmedia.com Classified Manager
e-mail: halbrookc@bnpmedia.com
phone 440-552-2607 e-mail: oconnorm@bnpmedia.com
phone: 484-366-6808 • fax: 248-283-6573
phone: 610-354-9552 • fax: 610-354-9390
address: 2279 Chartwell St. Carmel
IN 46032
Mary Wray
Vic Burriss Russell Barone, Jr. Show Product Guide & Engineer’s
Technical Library
Eastern Advertising Manager West Coast Advertising Manager e-mail: wraym@bnpmedia.com
e-mail: burrissv@bnpmedia.com e-mail: baroner@bnpmedia.com phone: 248-244-6488
phone: 610-436-4220 • fax: 248-502-2078 phone: 219-464-4464
address: 600 Willow Brook Lane, Suite 610 address: 5 Washington Street
West Chester, PA 19380 Valparaiso, IN 46383
GLOSSARY
Here are some common abbreviations and terms found in the pages of Engineered Systems.
A A/C – air conditioning

ach – air changes per hour
E EMS – energy management system
EPA – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
OPR – owner’s project requirements
AE – architectural and engineering; or architect and engineer

AFD – adjustable-frequency drive
ERV – energy recovery ventilator
P PFPT – prefunctional performance test
PM – preventive maintenance
AHJ – authority having jurisdiction PID – proportional, integral, derivative
AHU– air-handling unit
ASD – adjustable-speed drive
ASHRAE – American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
F fpm – feet per minute
FPT – functional performance test R rh – relative humidity
RFP – request for proposal
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. RFS – request for submittal
ATC – automatic temperature control
G gpm – gallons per minute ROI – return on investment
RO – reverse osmosis
B BACnet – a data communication protocol for building
automation and control networks H HEPA – high-efficiency particulate air
RTD – resistance temperature detector
HTML – hypertext markup language
BAS – building automation system
bhp – boiler horsepower; also, brake horsepower HTTP – hypertext transfer protocol S SA – supply air
scfm – standard cubic feet per minute
BMS – building management system HWR – hot water return
HWS – hot water supply
BofD – basis of design
T TAB – testing, adjusting, and balancing
TES – thermal energy storage
C CAD – computer-aided design I IAQ – indoor air quality
IS – information systems
cfm – cubic feet per minute
CHW – chilled water IT – information technology U UL – Underwriter’s Laboratory
USGBC – U.S. Green Building Council
CMMS – computerized maintenance management system
L LAN – local area network
UV – ultraviolet
CO2– carbon dioxide
COP – coefficient of performance LEED® – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, V VAV – variable-air volume
CRAC – computer room air conditioner a designation by the U.S. Green Building Council VFD – variable-frequency drive
LEED® AP – LEED Accredited Professional
D D-B – design-build M MEC – mechanical, electrical, communication
VOIP – voice-over Internet protocol
VSD – variable-speed drive
db – drybulb
DDC – direct digital controls MEP – mechanical, electrical, plumbing X XML – extensible markup language
MERV – minimum efficiency rating value
DID – design intent document
DOAS – dedicated outdoor air system O W WAN – wide area network
DOE – U.S. Department of Energy O&M – operations and maintenance wb – wetbulb
DR – demand response oBIX – Open Building Information Exchange wc – water column
DX – direct expansion OEM – original equipment manufacturer wg – water gauge
OA – outside air
TOMORROW’S
B y H o w a r d M c Ke w, P. E . , C . P. E .
ENVIRONMENT
ESTABLISHING AN INFECTION
CONTROL WORKORDER SYSTEM
A set of inspection guidelines can go a long way toward eliminating HAIs.
A
s a follow up to my article, “Single-Source Infection Con- 5. Note “contact precautions” (e.g., airborne precaution, touch pre-
trol,” in last year’s October issue, I want to begin an open caution)
discussion introducing the goal of setting up an infection 6. Identify the material for wiping (e.g., type of wipe, cloth)
control (IC) planned maintenance workorder system for 7. Identify solutions for cleaning (e.g., type of disinfectant)
the building industry. 8. Inventory special tools (e.g., key, allen wrench, vacuum cleaner)
Why discuss this concept? Well, some of the reasons are stated in 9. Manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning
my October article, but what got me thinking about this topic was a 10. Room suggested cleaning path (e.g., clean moving clockwise
TV commercial telling people they can have a next-day reaction from around the room)
chemotherapy treatment. It went on to suggest to the TV audience that
the patient has a 17% chance of needing to return to the hospital, where These are just 10 considerations for documenting special
they may be extremely vulnerable to a new infection. These infections instructions. There are certainly far more guidelines when creating
from hospitals are now called health the workorders based on the type of
care associated infection (HAI). This room, equipment, furnishing, and/
The commercial went on to suggest that the
was the first time I had seen a com- or HVAC design criteria. Once the
chemotherapy patient has a 17% chance
mercial warning people of the risk of specific workorder is formatted and
of needing to return to the hospital, where
going to a hospital — something hos- the tasks itemized, then a budget
they may be extremely vulnerable to a new
pitals aren’t going to tell their patients. estimate of time can be placed next
infection. This was the first time I had seen
HAIs are the sixth leading cause of to the task, along with frequency of
a commercial warning people of the risk of
death in America. going to a hospital. HAIs are the sixth leading cleaning (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly,
The commercial’s solution was to cause of death in America. quarterly, semi-annually, or annually).
have the doctor prescribe the adver- From a quality control point of
tiser’s product to the patient in order view, completed workorders can be
to reduce the need for returning to the hospital and thus avoiding randomly selected and the IC HVAC group manager, along with the
exposure to a potential HAI. That said, my October 2017 solution IC technician who had filled out the finished workorders, can do a
was to have the HVAC maintenance management group take on the tour and inspection. The IC technician will bring along the selected
establishment of an IC workorder system for all hospital groups and workorders for review and confirm that the IC maintenance had been
support services, and to draw employees into this IC group from these done according to the workorder special instructions, tasking, and
other departments to form a single group of planned maintenance within the estimated timeframe.
workers focused on zero-defects dedicated to eliminating HAI. Another part of the quality control process should be to monitor and
So what are the areas to be inputted into the CMMS workorder measure the planned maintenance initiative and report to the facility’s
system database? First, one should differentiate whether the workorder personnel in charge (e.g., president, other departments, occupants,
is to clean, sanitize, disinfect, and/or a combination of two or all three and visitors) as a means to highlight the success of this IC group. The
responsibilities. Next, the categories, as I see them, are: reporting will depend on who is receiving the report, but craft it as a
1. HVAC equipment and design criteria marketing piece to share the IC success and the IC zero-defect goal for
2. Room types and surfaces including counters, light fixtures, etc. the facility. For many, a simple graph posted in the front lobby is worth
3. Other equipment (medical equipment, etc.) a 1,000 words to spotlight and call attention to the results. ES
4. Furnishings (chairs, interior decorations, etc.)
Once the workorder category is inputted, then each workorder HOWARD MCKEW, P.E., C.P.E.
will need to be populated with tasks and time allowance to complete Reach Howard McKew at
each task, beginning with the CMMS operator inserting the “special hmckew@bss-consultant.com or on Facebook at
instructions.” These instructions will include guidelines such as: www.facebook.com/howard.mckew
1. Room/space classification (e.g., patient room, lobby)
2. High touch area categories WWW.ESMAGAZINE.COM/MCKEW
3. Pre-workorder preparation (e.g., perform hand hygiene, clean gloves) Use this handy shortcut to see years of Howard’s
opinions and tips in this column and other articles.
4. Personal protection equipment (PPE) (e.g., face mask, safety glasses)

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ESMAGAZINE.COM James J. Siegel - Managing Editor

Anna Dorsey - Art Director

Logan Chio - Trade Show Coordinator

Jill DeVries - Editorial Reprint Sales

Kevin Collopy - Sr. Account Manager

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Say “Yes!” to the new benchmark in air-conditioning and refrigeration technology.

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Feel the futur e

The Royal League in ventilation, control and drive technology

THERE’S AN APP FOR THAT

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VISIT THE WEBINARCHIVE! FIRE UP THE SOURCEBOOK

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A smaller footprint to easily fit through almost any door

An industry-best SMART TOUCH™ 8" touchscreen

Stay tuned for more enhancements on the Power-Fin product line

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FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDING

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To view the solution online, please visit

Daikin VRV T-Series Water Cooled

DOCUMENTING IN-THE-FIELD PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS, ONE PROJECT AT A TIME.

CHILLERS RIDE ELEVATOR TO BOOST MEDICAL CENTER’S

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CENTR AL LOC ATION TESTING | EXECUTIVE INTERVIE WS | FOCUS GROUPS | SURVEYS

32 Engineered Systems FEBRUARY 2018

FIGURE 2. Typical boiler efficiencies at various return water

ORIGINAL DESIGN TEMPERATURE

we decide to only operate the boiler at 120 ºF water so the boiler