Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
AQUA SILENCER
Submitted in the partial fulfilment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Mechanical Engineering under the University of Kerala
Submitted by,
JOHN JEROME
(Reg. No.14429037)
B Tech
2014-18
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICALENGINEERING
UKF COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
PARIPPALLY, KOLLAM-691302
APRIL 2018
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CERTIFICATE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am greatly indebted to God Almighty for His divine grace and blessings in
making all this possible. May He continue to lead me in the years to come.
First I thank our respected principal, Dr. E. Gopalakrishna Sharma, for having
provided the best facilities in connection with the presentation of this seminar.
I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Aneesh V N, Head of the Department for the
support and guidance and thanks to all my teachers in the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, whose careful and meticulous reviews improved the
quality of this work.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank all my friends and my parents who
supported me with their love and encouragement for the completion of this
seminar report.
JOHN JEROME
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ABSTRACT
Aqua Silencer is a modified version of a conventional silencer aimed
at the reduction of toxic emission from the exhaust of an IC engine
into the atmosphere and also to reduce the noise that is produced by
damping methods which involves water. It incorporates the usage of
cheap chemicals like lime water, activated charcoal and water with
the help of simple but effective change in the design and fabrication
of the silencer to reduce the noise and toxic emission levels. The main
pollutants caused by automobile include CO, NOx, lead etc. The
activated charcoal filters this harmful nitrous and sulphur content
produced from the engine. The sound produced under water is less
audible than produced in atmosphere. Due to this water is required in
this silencer and hence its name AQUA SILENCER.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PG NO
1 INTRODUCTION 6
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 7
3 WHAT IS A SILENCER? 9
4 WHY AQUA SILENCER? 10
5 COMPONENTS 11
6 CONSTRUCTION 14
7 WORKING PRINCIPLE 16
8 EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED GASES IN
WATER 18
9 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 19
10 ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND
APPLICATIONS 21
11 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 22
12 CONCLUSION 23
13 REFERENCE 24
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
A lot of effort is being made to reduce the air pollution from petrol
and diesel engines and regulations for emission limits are also imposed.
Furthermore, developments in petrol and diesel engines, combined
with improvements in the vehicles, will make fuel consumption
reduction of 40% or more in the future cars [6]. One such development
is improvement of the silencer unit of an engine. This is where an Aqua
Silencer comes into play.
An Aqua Silencer mainly deals with control of emission and
noise in engine exhaust [9].It basically consists of a perforated tube
which is installed at the exit of the exhaust from the engine, which may
have holes of variable diameters. This is done to divide the gas
molecules of large proportions to form gas molecules of smaller
diameter. Theoretically, four or more sets of holes are made on the
perforated tube using drilling. The other end of the perforated tube is
sealed using a plug.
A small coating of activated charcoal is provided all around the
perforated tube using an inner box which holds the charcoal in place
and separates the charcoal and lime water from the water in the Aqua
Silencer. This unit is then placed in a container in which water is filled
to a certain level. A small opening is provided on the lid of the inner
box which carries the exhaust from it to the outside using a small
diameter pipe. A U-bend of pipe is constructed at the end of perforated
tube which doubles as a non-return valve which prevents the back flow
of engine exhaust or lime water back into the engine. After passing over
the charcoal layer, a portion of the gases dissolve into the water and
finally the exhaust gases escape through the opening in to the
atmosphere.
“Emission” is a term that is used to describe the totality of
undesired gases and particulates which are released into the air or
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emitted by numerous sources. Its amount and type change with changes
in the industrial activity, technology, and a number of other factors,
such as air pollution regulations and emissions controls.
In addition to heat and water vapour, the pollutants formed in
engine exhaust are,
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Sulphur dioxide(SO2)
Particulate and Unburned Hydrocarbons (UBHC)
Respirable combustible Dust (RCD)
The above polluting contents in the engine exhaust are to be
controlled by the Aqua Silencer
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CHAPTER 3
WHAT IS A SILENCER?
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CHAPTER 4
WHY AQUA SILENCER?
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CHAPTER 5
COMPONENTS
1. Perforated Tube
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The charcoal layer is fixed over the perforated tube , these charcoal
layer has more absorbing capability because it has more surface area.
It is called as ACTIVATED CHARCOAL and it is produced by heating
the charcoal above 1500oc for several hours in a burner due to which
its surface area gets increased.
3. Outer Layer
The whole setup was kept inside the outer cover. It is made up of iron
or steel. The water inlet, outlet and exhaust tube was made available in
the shell itself.
4. Flange
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A flange joint is a connection of pipes, where the connecting pipes have
flanges by which the parts are bolted together. Here flange is used to
link the silencer to the engine
5. Non Return Valve
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CHAPTER 6
CONSTRUCTION
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CHAPTER 7
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The principle involved is by bubbling the exhaust gas through the
scrubber tank containing an alkaline solution , here the temperature of
the gases is reduced, while most of the oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust
are rendered non – toxic.The bell-mouth solution reduces the back
pressure. For measuring the contents of the exhaust gas, provisions are
made to take samples between engine outlet and scrubber inlet and after
the scrubber outlet before the gases are let out to the atmosphere. These
sampling points enable us to measure the exhaust gas content before
and after scrubbing. The difference is evaluated and effective control is
initiated.
The exhaust gases enter in to the aqua silencer and are received the
perforated tube which converts high mass bubbles into low mass
bubbles after which they passes through the charcoal layer which
exonerate the gases. This layer is highly porous and posses extra free
valences so it has high absorption capacity. After passing through the
charcoal layer some of the gases may dissolved into the water and
finally the Exhaust gases liberate through the opening in to the
atmosphere. Hence aqua silencer reduces noise and pollution
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CHAPTER 8
EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED GASES ON WATER
The water is a good absorbing medium. In aqua silencer the gases are
made to be dissolved in water. When these gases dissolved in water
they form acids, carbonates, bicarbonates etc.
1) Action of dissolved SO2
When SOx is mixed in water, it form SO2, SO3, SO4, H2SO4,
sulphur Acid (H2SO3), it forms Hydrogen Sulphide which causes
foul rotten egg smell, acidify and corrosion of metals.
2) Action of dissolved CO2
The dissolved carbon dioxide forms bicarbonate at lower PH and
Carbonates at higher PH. This levels 40-400 mg/litre. This forms
scale in pipes and boilers. The carbon dioxide mixes with water to
form Carbonic acid.
3) Effect of dissolved NOx
The Nitrogen in water under goes Oxidation to form ammonia,
Nitrate, Nitrite, Nitric acid. This synthesis of protein and amino acids
is affected by Nitrogen. Nitrate usually occurs in trace quantities in
surface water.
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CHAPTER 9
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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CHAPTER 10
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES &
APPLICATIONS
1) Advantages
2) Disadvantages
3) Applications
Automobile applications
Industrial applications
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CHAPTER 11
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
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CHAPTER 12
CONCLUSION
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CHAPTER 14
REFERENCES
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