Design And Fabrication Mini Lathe Machine

This thesis is submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

award of the
Bachelor of Mechanical

1.VAIBHAV SINGH (1305440168) (GROUP LEADER)

2.ARVIND KUMAR (1405440036)
3.BRIJBHUSHAN (1405440048)
4.ASHISH KUMAR KANNAUJIYA (1205440024)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE....................................................................................................................ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ iii

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. vii

LIST OF TABLES ..............................................................................................................vii

CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................1-3

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................1
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A lathe machine is used for rotating a workpiece in order to perform sanding,
cutting, drilling, knurling and turning operations on the workpiece. Lathes have
been used on woodworking, metal parts and also on plastic nylon parts for a
long time in the industry. So here we study the design and fabrication of a mini
lathe machine. Our machine consists of a motor with belt arrangement used to
drive the lathe chuck. The machine consists of a bed with a movable
arrangement. It consists of a holder in order to hold the desired tool in desired
position. We use a chuck attached to the spindle shaft in order to run the
motor. Our motor once powered transmits this power to the spindle through a
belt mechanism, which is then used to rotate the chuck. This rotates the
workpeice in chuck. The machine is built to hold and rotate the workpeice and
move the tool in a sliding mechanism, so as to achieve the desired operations.
The machine outer frame is designed to hold the workpeice firmly with tool in
place so as to achieve desired operations with ease. Thus we successfully study
the design and fabrication.
 Parts of Mini Lathe Machine
1.Motor
DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts
direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most
common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all
types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of
current flow in part of the motor.
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered
from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC
motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a
variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field
windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances.
The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight
motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors
are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in
drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made
replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications

 High Torque Voltage Current : DC 12V

 Speed: 4000RPM Motor
 Shaft Diameter: 3.17mm Mounting
 Diameter of the Motor: 36mm Length of the Motor (Body): 50mm
Length of Shaft: 16mm
 2.chuck
A chuck is a specialized type of clamp. It is used to hold an object with radial
symmetry, especially a cylinder. In drills and mills it holds the rotating tool
whereas in lathes it holds the rotating workpiece. On a lathe the chuck is
mounted on the spindle which rotates within the headstock. For some
purposes (such as drilling) an additional chuck may be mounted on the non-
rotating tailstock.

Many chucks have jaws, (sometimes called dogs) that are arranged in a radially
symmetrical pattern like the points of a star. The jaws are tightened up to hold
the tool or workpiece. Often the jaws will be tightened or loosened with the
help of a chuck key, which is a wrench-like tool made for the purpose.[1]Many
jawed chucks, however, are of the keyless variety, and their tightening and
loosening is by hand force alone. Keyless designs offer the convenience of
quicker and easier chucking and unchucking, but have lower gripping force to
hold the tool or workpiece, which is potentially more of a problem with
cylindrical than hexagonal shanks. Collet chucks, rather than having jaws,
have collets, which are flexible collars or sleeves that fit closely around the tool
or workpiece and grip it when squeezed.

3.Sliding Frame
The sliding frame is an elliptical welding construction made from solid steel
and specially developed as a silo discharge system for very difficult flowing
bulk material . Through the back and forth movement of the sliding frame, the
stored product is compulsively transported to one or more discharge screw
conveyors.

The sliding frame is moved back and forth by means of a hydraulic cylinder
mounted outside the silo. The cylinder movement is activated by means of a
compact hydraulic unit.
Applications

Thickened sewage sludge, wood , paper sludge, gypsum, waste, etc.

4.Bearing
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the
desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the
bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part
or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by
controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Most
bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are
classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or
to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts.

Rotary bearings hold rotating components such as shafts or axles within

mechanical systems, and transfer axial and radial loads from the source of the
load to the structure supporting it. The simplest form of bearing, the plain
bearing, consists of a shaft rotating in a hole. Lubrication is often used to
reduce friction. In the ball bearing and roller bearing, to prevent sliding friction,
rolling elements such as rollers or balls with a circular cross-section are located
between the races or journals of the bearing assembly. A wide variety of
bearing designs exists to allow the demands of the application to be correctly
met for maximum efficiency, reliability, durability and performance.

5.Jaint/Screw
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used in
conjunction with a mating bolt to fasten multiple parts together. The two
partners are kept together by a combination of their threads' friction (with
slight elastic deformation), a slight stretching of the bolt, and compression of
the parts to be held together.

In applications where vibration or rotation may work a nut loose, various

locking mechanisms may be employed: lock washers, jam nuts, specialist
adhesive thread-locking fluid such as Loctite, safety pins (split pins)
or lockwire in conjunction with castellated nuts, nylon inserts (nyloc nut), or
slightly oval-shaped threads.

Square nuts, as well as bolt heads, were the first shape made and used to be
the most common largely because they were much easier to manufacture,
especially by hand. While rare today due to the reasons stated below for the
preference of hexagonal nuts, they are occasionally used in some situations
when a maximum amount of torque and grip is needed for a given size: the
greater length of each side allows a spanner to be applied with a larger surface
area and more leverage at the nut.
 6.Lathe Cutting Tool
A tool bit is a non-rotary cutting tool used in metal lathes, shapers,
and planers. Such cutters are also often referred to by the set-phrase name
of single-point cutting tool, as distinguished from other cutting tools such as
a saw or water jet cutter. The cutting edge is ground to suit a particular
machining operation and may be resharpened or reshaped as needed. The
ground tool bit is held rigidly by a tool holder while it is cutting.
 CHAPTER 2
HISTORY
Lathe is a very ancient tool and its first use dates back to 1300 BC in Egypt.
Lathe was also known and used in Assyria and Greece. Ancient Romans came
to know about this machine and they further developed this machine. During
the medieval period, the use of this machine had spread to most parts of
Europe and it was during the Industrial revolution when this machine gained
popularity with its use in all the industries. After the development of
electronics, automated lathes have been developed.

Evolution of Lathe
The first lathe was a simple lathe which was is now referred to as two person
lathe. One person would turn the wood work piece using rope and the other
person would shape the work piece using a sharp tool. This design was
improved by Ancient Romans who added a turning bow which eased the wood
work. Later a pedal (as in manual sewing machines) was used for rotating the
work piece. This type of lathe is called “spring pole” lathe which was used till
the early decades of the 20th century. In 1772, a horse-powered boring
machine was installed which was used for making canons. During the Industrial
revolution, steam engines and water wheels were attached to the lathe to turn
the work piece at higher speed which made the work faster and easier. After
1950, many new designs were made which improved the precision of work.

Imported lathe – Imported lathes are high quality lathes used for high
precision operations.

Depending upon the modes of operation, the lathes can be classified as

Manual lathe – In these lathes, the tool handling is done manually and
so the precision of work also depends upon the skill of the person
handling the machine.
CNC Lathe – CNC lathes are completely automated lathes. We just have to feed
the instructions into the computer and the lathe will perform the operations
according to the data fed to the computer.

Benefits of Advanced Lathe

With the development of electronics and automation engineering, advanced

computer controlled lathes have been developed. The advanced lathes have
many benefits over the conventional lathes. In conventional lathes, the lathe
operator checks the dimensions regularly to get perfect precision and the time
taken to complete the work is more for high precision works. This is very
important because if he removes excess metal from the work piece, the whole
work piece will be a waste which will result in loss of money and time. In
automated CNC lathes, the feedback system continuously monitors the
dimensions and so they complete the operation in a short time with high
accuracy. The loss is minimal in automated lathes; they are much faster and
more efficient in terms of accuracy.

Summary

Lathe is a very important machine in engineering which is used in most of the

fields. They are used for Diamond turning, ornamental turning, metal spinning,
glass working, thermal spraying and many other operations. Lathe work is
found in most of the products which we use in our day to day life. Lathe will
remain as an important machine at all times.
 CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE REVIEW
Machine Tool Catalogues, Sales & Technical Specification Literature . This page
is research paper topics technology development catalogues only - for
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far I think it is a great lathe. Packaging was good. The lathe comes mostly
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 CHAPTER 4
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The lathe is a machine tool which holds the workpiece between two rigid and
strong supports called centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The
cutting tool is rigidly held and supported in a tool post which is fed against the
revolving work. The normal cutting operations are performed with the cutting
tool fed either parallel or at right angles to the axis of the work.

LATHE OPERATIONS

The engine lathe is an accurate and versatile machine on which many

operations can be performed. These operations are:

1. Plain Turning and Step Turning

2. Facing

3. Parting

4. Drilling

5. Reaming

6. Boring

7. Knurling

8. Grooving

9. Threading

10. Forming

11. Chamfering

12. Filling and Polishing

13. Taper Turning

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Vaibhav Singh (1305440168), Arvind Kumar
(1405440036), Brijbhushan (1405440048), Ashish Kumar
Kannoujiya(1205440024), Kishan Kumar (1405440072), of Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology
and Management, Lucknow have carried out the project work presented in
thisreport entitled “Mini Lathe Machine” for the award of Bachelor of
Technology from Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow under
our supervision is a record of work and sincere effort carried out by them.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We deeply wish to express our heartfelt gratefulness and grattitute to the
following people who guided and supported us in every step of my work.

It is our pleasure to offer my sincerest gratitude to my guide Mr. Pankaj

Verma Asst. Professer, Dept. of Mechanical Enginering, BBDNITM, Lucknow,
who has guided and supported us through out the project with his patience
and knowledge. His guidance serenity, comitement, strictness and supported
helped us to complete this work.

We would like to express our heartiest gratitude to Prof. S.P. Asthana,

Head of Mechanical Engineering Depatment, BBDNITM, Lucknow, for his
unconditional support and permission to use the departmental labs.

We are thankful to the faculty members who have been the part of our
seminar and presentations, for their valuable observation and guidance. We
take this opportunity to extend our regards to the lab instructors who helped
us whith their skills and hard work during our project.

We are also grateful to respected professor Dr. Sudharma Singh, Director,

Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology, Lucknow, for providing us
a great academic invironment where we can transform our self as asset of the
nation.

Finally, we would like to thank my parents for their blessing and care.

Vaibhav Singh (1305440168) Arvind Kumar (1405440036)

Ashish Kumar Kannoujiya (1205440024) Kishan Kumar (1405440072)

Brijbhushan (1405440048)
 CHAPTER 7
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE
7.1: Advantages