Beruflich Dokumente
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1
A 400-kg satellite is placed in a circular orbit 6394 km above the surface
of the earth. At this elevation the acceleration of gravity is 4.09 m/s .
Knowing that its orbital speed is 20 000 km/h, determine the kinetic
energy of the satellite.
SOLUTION
Given: Mass of satellite, m = 400 kg
= 5555 m/s
T = 6.17 GJ <
PROBLEM 13.2
A 1000-lb satellite is placed in a circular orbit 3000 mi above the surface
o f the earth. At this elevation the acceleration o f gravity is 8.03 ft/s2.
Knowing that its orbital speed is 14,000 mi/h, determine the kinetic
energy o f the satellite.
SOLUTION
Given: Weight of satellite, W = 1000 lb
" h '
v = (14,000 mi/h)(5280 ft/mi) = 20,533 fit/s
v3600 s
SOLUTION
Given: Weight of stone, W - 8 lb
Velocity of stone, v = 85 ft/s
Wm = 1.31925 lb
T2 (897.52 ft)
W„ (1.31925 1b)
hm = 680 ft <
PROBLEM 13.4
A 2-kg stone is dropped from a height h and strikes the ground with a
velocity of 24 m/s. (a) Find the kinetic energy of the stone as it strikes the
ground and the height h from which it was dropped. (b) Solve part a,
assuming that the same stone is dropped on the moon. (Acceleration of
gravity on the moon = 1.62 m/s2 ).
SOLUTION
Given: Mass of stone, m = 2 kg
Find:
(a) Kinetic energy, T
Height h, from which the stone was dropped
(b) T and h on the Moon
T, (576 N-m )
Wh = T2 h m — = A---------- 4- = 29.36 m
2 W (19.62 N)
h - 29.4 m <
(b) On the Moon
Mass is unchanged. m - 2 kg
Wm = 3.24 N
T (576 N-m ) ,_ D
hm ------ - -------------- = 177.8 m
m Wm 3.24 N
hm - 177.8 m <
PROBLEM 13.5
An automobile weighing 4250 lb starts from rest at point A on a 6°
incline and coasts through a distance of 500 ft to point B. The brakes are
then applied, causing the automobile to come to a stop at point C, 70 ft
from B. Knowing that slipping is impending during the braking period
and neglecting air resistance and rolling resistance, determine (a) the
speed of the automobile at point B, (b) the coefficient o f static friction
between the tires and the road.
SOLUTION
Given: Automobile weight, W = 4250 lb
Initial velocity at A, vA = 0 ft/s
Incline angle, a = 6°
Vehicle coasts 500 ft from^f to B
Vehicle brakes at impending slip for 70 ft from B to C.
vc = 0
Find: Speed of automobile at point B, vB
Coefficient of static friction, //
UA_>B=TB - T A =±-mv2 - 0
(b) Ua *c ~ ^ a -* c FdB-+c ~ Tc 1a - v
= 70 ft F = juN
F = //(42501b) cos 6°
570
a = — tan 6° = 0.856
70
H - 0.856 M
PROBLEM 13.6
500 ft
An automobile weighing 4250 lb starts from rest at point A on a
6° incline and coasts through a distance of 500 ft to point B. The brakes
are then fully applied, causing the automobile to skid to a stop at point C,
70 ft from B. Knowing that the coefficient of dynamic friction between
the tires and the road is 0.75, determine the work done on the automobile
by the combined effects of air resistance and rolling resistance between
points A and C.
SOLUTION
Given: Automobile weight, W = 4250 lb
W Initial Velocity at A, vA - 0 ft/s
Incline angle, a = 6°
Vehicle coasts 500 ft from A to B
Vehicle skids 70 ft from B to C
Dynamic friction coefficient, // = 0.75
= Ur + - ^ (7 0 ft) = Tc - Ta = 0
F = p N = 0.75(4250 lb)cos6°
UR = Resistance work
UR = -31.3 x 103 ft l b s ^
PROBLEM13.7
Skid marks on a drag race track indicate that the rear (drive) wheels of a
car skid for the first 18 m and roll with slipping impending during the
remaining 382 m. The front wheels of the car are just off the ground for
the first 18 m, and for the remainder of the race 75 percent o f the weight
of the car is on the rear wheels. Knowing that the speed of the car is
58 km/h at the end of the first 18 m and that the coefficient of kinetic
friction is 80 percent of the coefficient of static friction, determine the
speed of the car at the end of the 400-m track. Ignore air resistance and
rolling resistance.
SOLUTION
First 18 m: Since all the cars’ weight is on the rear wheels which skid, the
force on the car is
F = MkN = ( Mk)lV
= 16.1 m/s
71 = 0 T
T-, = —1 mv, o2 = —I — 1(16.1 m/s)2 = (129.6)—
- 2 18 2 Vg) g
7; + 1/,_2 = t2
0 + 18n kW = (129.6)
129.6
= 0.73395
(18)(9.81)
For the remaining 382 m, with 75% of weight on rear drive wheels and
impending sliding,
F2 = (0.91744)(0.75)(M') = 0.68808
T. = 0 T2 = -
7 l(W
PROBLEM 13.7 CONTINUED
Ux_2 = F ,( l8 m) + F2(382m )
= (0.73395)(fF)(l8 m) + (0.68808)(fF)(328 m)
If
7j + U^_2 = T2 W\ v
0 + 276.01JF = - — 400
\2
)
2 £/
v4
200 = (2^)276.01 = (2)(9.81 m/s2) (276.01)
SOLUTION
Given: 400 m drag race track, car starts from rest front wheels off the
ground, and rear wheels skid for first 25 m. Wheels roll with slipping
impending for remaining 375 m, with 80% of the weight on the rear drive
wheels peak. Speed at end of the race, = 275 km/h
//* = 0.75//,
(a) Force moving the car for the first 25 m, with allthe weight on the
rear drive wheels and the wheels skidding.
Force moving the car for remaining 375 m with 80% of the weight
on the rear (drive) wheels and slipping impending.
1
T2 = i m v 2 = — m( 76.389 )2 = 2917.64m
= 318.75 //,2mg
2917.64
Fs = = 0.93306
(318.75)(9.81)
Ms = 0.933 <
PROBLEM 13.8 CONTINUED
Fx = fikN = (0.69979) mg
7] = 0, T2 = im ( v 25)2
0 + (17.4949) mg = ~ mv25
v| 5 = (2)(17.4949)(9.81) = 343.25
SOLUTION
Given: Block A is released from rest and moves up incline 2 ft.
L J ___
Friction and other masses are neglected.
Find: Velocity of the block after 2 ft, v
From Law of Cosines
d 2 = 4.5452 ft2
d = 2.1319 ft
= 30 lb 1 ( 4 - 2 .1 3 1 9 ) ft = +28.021 ft lb
U = T2 - T l = U 30- 1/ 16
1 w
4. |V" - 0 = L/jo - t/ 16
2 ^. 8
161b
v2 = (28.021 -8.2822) ft-lb
132.2 ft/s2
v = 79.449
v = 8.9134
v = 8.91 ft/s <
PROBLEM13.10
The 16-lb block A is released in the position shown with a velocity of
3 ft/s up the incline. Knowing that the velocity of the block is 9 ft/s after
it has moved 2 ft up the incline, determine the work done by the friction
force exerted on the block. Neglect the masses of the pulleys.
SOLUTION
Given: Block A is released at the position shown at a velocity of 3 ft/s up.
d 2 = 4.5452 ft2
d = 2.131944 ft
UM = 30 lb 1 ( 4 - 2 .1 3 1 9 ) ft = +28.0208 ft lb
i i is r
V>0 + C /,6 - C/frjction = h
2 L
~ T, = - ^ [ v , 2 - V2 ]
g J
f 16 lb
28.0208 - 8.282209 - (/friction = 1
\32.2 ft/s"
= -1.8504 ft -lb
SOLUTION
Given: At A, v = v0
\
\
Find: v0
\S F = 0 N- fFcos 15° = 0
N = IFcos 15°
UA_B = FF(sin 15° - 0.40cosl5°)(6 m)
TA + U A -B = TB
vj; = 19.0154
v0 = 4.36 m/s A
PROBLEM 13.12
Boxes are transported by a conveyor belt with a velocity v0 to a fixed
incline at A where they slide and eventually fall off at B. Knowing that
Hk = 0.40, determine the velocity of the conveyor belt if the boxes are to
have a zero velocity at B.
SOLUTION
v = v„
V= 0
Hk = 0.40
ta = 2 OTVo Tb = 0
UA_B = ( f f s i n l 5 ° - ^ ) ( 6 m )
\IF =0 N - ffcosl5° = 0
N = cos 15°
Ua-b = ^ (s in l5 ° -0 .4 0 c o s l5 ° )(6 m )
Ta + TJA _ B = Tb
vs = (2)(0.76531)(9.81 m/s2)
vs = 15.015
v0 = 3.87 m/s ^
Down to the left.
PROBLEM 13.13
8■L
'" l V* I " T" is to swing no more that 12 ft horizontally when the crane is brought to a
sudden stop. Determine the maximum allowable horizontal speed v of the
A crane.
30l»
SOLUTION
Given: Crane moves at velocity, v and stops suddenly.
I Bucket is to swing no more than 12 ft horizontally.
■A * ■■ » T~ I Find: Maximum allowable velocity v
v, = v v2 = 0
t * 2
U\_2 = -mgh d = 12 ft
h = 30 - y = 30 - J l5 6 = 2.5045 ft
T \+ Ui_2 = T 2
^ m v 2 - mg(2.5045) - 0
v2 = 2g(2.5045) = 2(32.2)(2.5045)
v2 = 161.289
v = 12.6999
SOLUTION
Given: Crane moves at velocity, v = 10 ft/s and stops suddenly.
T, = 0 f/,_ 2= -Wh
7] + u x 2 = r , 50— - Wh = 0
g
h = — = — = 1.55279 ft
g 32.2
d 2 = 90.7562 d = 9.5266
d = 9.53 ft <
PROBLEM 13.15
10 m/s Car B is towing car A with a 5-m cable at a constant speed of 10 m/s on
an uphill grade when the brakes of car B are fully applied causing it to
skid to a stop. Car A, whose driver had not observed that car B was
slowing down, then strikes the rear of car B. Neglecting air resistance
and rolling resistance and assuming a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.9,
determine the speed of car A just before the collision.
SOLUTION
Given: Car B towing car A uphill at a constant speed of 10 m/s
Car B:
Car B skids to A stop. p k = 0 .9
Car .4:
d =
pig sin5° + to.9pigcos5°
50 50
d =
9.81 (sin 5° + 0.9cos5°) (9.8l)(0.9837)
d = 5.181m traveled by B
For car A, travel to contact
m m 1 2 1 2
t/,1 -» C = T A ~ T\ = -Z m V A -
2 * 2
{-p ig s m 5 °)(d + 5) = ^ p i v 2A - ~ p f ( l 0 ) 2
L v 2 a- 50 = (-9.81sin5°)(5.181 + 5)
~ v 2 = 41.295
2 A
vA = 9.087
v . = 9.09 m/s M
PROBLEM 13.16
in ,nfS_ Car B is towing car A at a constant speed of 10 m/s on an uphill grade
10 m s
when the brakes o f car A are fully applied causing all four wheels to skid.
The driver o f car B does not change the throttle setting or change gears.
The masses o f the cars A and B are 1400 kg and 1200 kg, respectively,
and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.8. Neglecting air resistance and
rolling resistance, determine (a) the distance traveled by the cars before
they come to a stop, (b) the tension in the cable.
SOLUTION
Given: Car B tows car A at 10 m/s uphill.
Car A brakes for 4 wheels skid, n k = 0 .8
Fl = (I400g)sin5° + (I200g)sin5°
F = 0.8N a = 2600(9.8l)sin5°
For system: A + B
= T2 - T x = 0 - ~ m A+Bv2 = -1 (2 6 0 0 )(1 0 )2
d = 11.88 m -^
(b) Cable tension, T
Ux_2 = [ T - 0 .8 ^ ](1 1 .8 8 ) = T2 - 7 i
(T - 0.8(l400)(9.8l)cos5°)ll.88 = - ^ ^ ( l 0 ) :
(F - 10945) = -5892
= 5.053 kN
T = 5.05 kN <
PROBLEM 13.17
fiomtfh A trailer truck has a 4400-lb cab and an 18,000-lb trailer. It is traveling
on level ground at 60 mi/h and must slow down to a stop in 3000 ft.
Determine (a) the average braking force that must be supplied, (b) the
average force in the coupling if 60 percent o f the braking force is
supplied by the trailer and 40 percent by the cab.
SOLUTION
Given: 4400 lb cab, 18,000 lb trailer on level ground.
Truck comes to a stop in 3000 ft.
B V] = (60 mi/h)
5280 ft
f lh 1 88 ft/s
I mi J 1,3600 s j
V, = 88 ft/s v2 = 0
T \+ U x_2 = T2 Tx = ^ ( m T + mc )(v1)2
1
(4,400 lb + 18,000 lb)(88 ft/s)2
32.2 ft/s2
T2 = 0
T2 = 0 Fb = 897.86
7] + Ux_2 - T2
SOLUTION
Given: 4400 lb cab, 18,000 lb trailer.
Average braking force, 680 lb on level ground.
.W , Find: (a) Distance X, to come to a stop.
(6) Force in coupling, Fc if the trailer brakes fail.
Fe T2 = 0 U,_2 = FhX
X = 3960 ft <
(b) Trailer considered separately
T2 = 0
Fc = 546.45
Fc = 546 lb 4
PROBLEM 13.19
The system shown, consisting of a 20-kg collar A and a 10-kg
counterweight B, is at rest when a constant 500-N force is applied to
collar A. (o) Determine the velocity of A just before it hits the support at
C. (b) Solve part a assuming that the counterweight B is replaced by a
98.1-N downward force. Ignore friction and the mass of the pulleys.
SOLUTION
Given: System at rest when 500 N force is applied to collar A. No
friction. Ignore pulleys mass.
IQfej Kinematics
X. =2X,
vH = 2vA
7j = 0 T ^ 2 ^ 2
2 = ~ m H VH + ~ m A VA
T2 = (30 kg)(v4)2
VA = 10
vA = 3.16 m/s A
(b) Since the 10 kg mass at B is replaced by a 98.1 N force, kinetic
energy at © is,
T 2 = \ m A = ^ { 2 0 k gy A 71=0
U{_2 = 300 J
va = 30
Va = 5.48 m/s M
PROBLEM 13.20
The 10-kg block A and the 4-kg block B are both at a height h = 0.5 m
above the ground when the system is released from rest. After A hits the
ground without rebound it is observed that B reaches a maximum height
£ of 1.18 m. Determine (a) the speed o f A just before impact, (b) the
rh amount of energy dissipated by axle friction in the pulley.
■L
SOLUTION
Given: mA = 10 kg; mB = 4 kg; A = 0.5 m
@ l a !®
Block B reaches a height of 1.18 m.
Find: (a) vA just before block A hits the ground.
from © to ®; Block B
h= ° T2 = j i n bvb = ^ ( 4) vl = 2 vb
T2 = - ( 1 0 + 4)(1.8793)2 = 24.722 J
EP = 4.708 = 4.71 J 4
PROBLEM 13.21
The two blocks shown are released from rest. Neglecting the masses of
the pulleys and the effect of friction in the pulleys and between the blocks
and the incline, determine (a) the velocity of block A after it has moved
0.5 m, (b) the tension in the cable.
SOLUTION
Given: Blocks A, B released from rest and friction and masses of pulleys
fy neglected.
Find: (a) Velocity of Block A, vA, after moving down d A = 0.5 m.
Also, d u = -zdA
( 05^
= 10(9.8l)(sin30°)(0.5) - 8(9.8l)(sin30°) —
\ 3 )
= 17.985 N m
T\ = 0, r 2 = - m 4vA + i / n sv |
= ^ ( 10K + { ( 8) ( y | = 5.4444
vA = 1.8175
vA = 1.818 m/s 4
T = 16.016 N T = 16.02 N A
PROBLEM 13.22
The two blocks shown are released from rest. Neglecting the masses of
the pulleys and the effect of friction in the pulleys and knowing that the
coefficients of friction between both blocks and the incline are fis = 0.25
and n k = 0.20, determine (a) the velocity of block A after it has moved
0.5 m, (b) the tension in the cable.
SOLUTDION
Given: Same initial conditions as Problem 13.21.
103
New condition of friction between blocks and the incline
T - m*g(sin30o) + //Jm_4g(cos30°) = 0
T - (10)(9.81)(0.5) + Ms (10)(9.81)(0.866) = 0
3T - (8)(9.81)(0.5) - Ms (8)(9.8l)(0.866) = 0
Constraint: vA + 3vs = 0
(a ) U \_ 2 = mAg ( s i n 3 0 ° ) ( d A) - mAg (c o s 3 0 ° ) M k { d A)
- mBg ( s in 3 0 ° ) f ^ - ] - mBg(cos30°)//ife
V J J \ 3 J
= 10(9.81)(0.5)(0.5) - 10(9.81)(0.866)(0.2)(0.5)
^0.5^1
- 8(9.81)(0.5)[ ~ | - 8(9.81)(0.866)(0.2)
T\ = °> T2 = j m Av2A + = \ [ W ) v 2 a+
= 5.444v> = Ux_2
vA = 1.152 m/s
vA = 1.152 m/s -4
(b) A alone:
u i - 2 = w^ ( s i n 3 0 ° ) ( ^ ) - M Ag(cos30o){ik (d A) - T ( d A)
=^ M { va )2
= ^(10)(1.152)2 = 6.6348
T = 18.789 N
T = 18.79 N ^
PROBLEM 13.23
Four 3-kg packages are held in place by friction on a conveyor which is
disengaged from its drive motor. When the system is released from rest,
package 1 leaves the belt at A just as package 4 comes onto the inclined
portion of the belt at B. Determine (a) the velocity of package 2 as it
leaves the belt at A, (b) the velocity of package 3 as it leaves the belt at A.
Neglect the mass of the belt and rollers.
SOLUTION
Given: Conveyor is disengaged, packages held by friction and system is released from rest. Neglect mass of
belt and rollers. Package 1 leaves the belt as package 4 comes onto the belt.
Find: (a) Velocity of package 2 as it leaves the belt at A.
(b) Velocity of package 3 as it leaves the belt at A.
(a) Package 1 falls off the belt, and 2, 3, 4 move down.
— = 0.8 m
3
T2 = 3
H ]
T2 = 2 (3 ks ) v2
T> = 4.5v;
t/,_2 = 70.632 J
v | = 15.696
(b) Package 2 falls off the belt and its energy is lost to the system, and 3 and 4 move down 2 ft.
t b 'i
n = ( 2) -m v .
T{ = (3 kg)(l5.696)
7| = 47.088 J
1 2
T3 = (2) -m v , (3 k g )(v f)
2 3
r 3 = 3v|
U2_3 = 47.088 J
v3 = 31.392
v3 = 5.6029
v3 = 5.60 m/s ^
PROBLEM 13.24
SOLUTION
Given: mA = 8 kg; mB = 10 kg; mc = 6 kg
Position 1 to position 2
V| = 0 7j = 0
I .*2. T2 = + mB + mc ) v2
Ti = ~ (2 4 kg)v; = \2vj
r- u .®
Bi
r u \-2 = (mA + mc ~ » a ) * ( L 8 m)
vf = 5.886
Position 2 to position 3
1 1ft
n = ~ { m A + mBy 2 = — (5.886) = 52.974
U2._3 = -27.468 J
SOLUTION
Given: A 0.7 lb block rests on a 0.5 lb block which is not attached to a
spring of constant 9 lb/ft; upper block is suddenly removed.
0 -5 U, | 05 2 0.25 2
7; = o v = v
g )
CD 9 ,
t/|_2 = £ ( l. 2 - 9 x ) < i r - 0 . 5 j t = 0 . 7 j c - - X
7, +. U]
t // 2 = 7,
t
= f0\.7
i x ^ x 2 = 0.25 v2
2 g
v = 4 g 0.7x - - x 2
2
v -^ = 3.5063
vmax = 1.87249
1.21b
l_ 0-S4fa Xn = 0.133333 ft
9 lb/ft
Fs = \ . 2 - 9 x
1
3
t x = o, r = o
o 9 9
= 1.2x0 - —jc0 - 0.5A
= 0.08 - 0.5/i
h = 0.16 ft
h = 1.920 in. 4
PROBLEM 13.26
Solve Prob. 13.25, assuming that the 4-lb block is attached to the spring.
SOLUTION
(a) Same as 13.25 solution for Part (a) vmax = 1-872 ft/s <
(b) With 0.5 lb block attached to the spring, refer to figure in (b) of Problem 13.25.
7J = 0 r3 = 0 C/j_3 = f (1.2 - 9x)dx - 0.5h
SOLUTION
(<•> kB = 2000 N/m
k . = 3000 N/m
JbThii
ISO TT)V\ Since the collar C leaves the spring at B and there is no friction, it
must engage the spring at A.
Ta =0 Tg = 0
U A -B = £% *** - % k Ax d x
Ua b j 2 0 0 0 N H ( 0 0 5 m ) 2 _ (3 0 0 0 N A n )M 2
y = 0.0408 m - 40.8 mm
(b) Assume that C does not reach the spring at B because of friction.
T\ + u a- d = TD 0 + 2 . 5 - 13.734y = 0
y = 0.18203 m = 182.0 mm
<=2 N/iiim
II
SOLUTION
(a) Spring constants 3 N/mm = 3000 N/m
77777
+(3 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(0.3 + y m)
y m = 0.12783 m y m = 127.8 mm 4
Substitute / = 0.014715 m
chr
— =0 -2 0 0 0 (y ) + 29.43 = 0; y ’ = 0.014715 m
dy
For x > — ft
12 ,
(/,-2 = Wx + - k A ' j _ f - —k A
i f
,1 2 ,
2 * 2
\2 a jc ^ 2
UU2 = 20* + -(1 4 4 ) - 2 ( 14 4 ) 2 (1 4 4 )
12 12
32.2
- 20 - 144* + 12 - 36*
For * = 0.177778 ft
20
3.5556 + 0.5 - 0.64222 - 0.56889 = -
2 32.2
vmax = 3-0264
SOLUTION
(a)
Fdops)
5 14 r (ft)
= 385809 J = 385.81 kJ
T2 = 0 v2 = 0
d = 3.340 m <
aD = 120 m/s2
an = 120.0 m/s2 A
PROBLEM 13.32
A piston of mass m and cross-sectional area A is in equilibrium under the
pressure p at the center of a cylinder closed at both ends. Assuming that the
piston is moved to the left a distance a/2 and released, and knowing that the
pressure on each side of the piston varies inversely with the volume,
determine the velocity of the piston as it again reaches the center of the
cylinder. Neglect friction between the piston and the cylinder and express
your answer in terms of m, a, p, and A.
SOLUTION
Pressures vary inversely as the volume
© ©
I I
i L _
a.
^ = Aa
P Ax
Aa Pa
P A ( l a - x) f (2a - x)
Initially at © v= 0 x =
A t® , x = a, T2 = —mv
1 1
»i-2 = Jl{PL - P R) A d x = ^ P a A dx
2 2 x 2a - x
a , 5a
«i-2 = PaA ln a + ln a - In In
2 3a2
Mj_2 = paA ln a - In----- = paA In f 4 l
4 v3 ,
f 4\
T\ + C/j_2 = T2 0 + paA\n.
1mv 2
—
2
2paA\n
paA
0.5754 v = 0.759 . 1 ^ - <
m m m
PROBLEM 13.33
Express the acceleration of gravity gh at an altitude h above the surface
of the earth in terms of the acceleration of gravity g0 at the surface of the
earth, the altitude h, and the radius R of the earth. Determine the percent
error if the weight that an object has on the surface o f the earth is used as
its weight at an altitude of (a) 0.625 mi, (b) 625 mi.
PROBLEM 13.34
A rocket is fired vertically from the surface of the moon with a velocity
v0. Derive a formula for the ratio hn/hu of heights reached with a
velocity v, if Newton’s law of gravitation is used to calculate hn and a
uniform gravitational field is used to calculate hu. Express your answer
in terms of the acceleration of gravity gm on the surface of the moon, the
radius Rm of the moon, and the velocities v and v0.
PROBLEM 13.35
A meteor starts from rest at a very great distance from the earth. Knowing
that the radius of the earth is 6370 km and neglecting all forces except the
gravitational attraction of the earth, determine the speed of the meteor
(a) when it enters the ionosphere at an altitude of 1000 km, (b) when it
enters the stratosphere at an altitude of 50 km, (c) when it strikes the
earth’s surface.
PROBLEM13.36
6370 km During a flyby of the earth, the velocity of a spacecraft is 10.4 km/s as it
reaches its minimum altitude of 990 km above the surface at point O. At
point B the spacecraft is observed to have an altitude of 8350 km.
Assuming that the trajectory of the spacecraft is parabolic, determine its
speed at (a) point A, (b) point B
1—
090 km
K = 33.967(10)
Kx A
2 +XA ~ r0 = °
2GM 1 1
GM = 9.81(6,370,000)2, = v02 +
1000
1 1
vA = (10,400)2 + 2GM
1000 8623 7360
2GM J 1_
(b) n = vo +
1000 rB r0
1 1
Vg = (10,400 )2 + 2GM
1000 14720 7360
SOLUTION
(a)
ZF = -WA - W B + F = 0
1 2 0.5 2 0.25 i „
7] = 0, V, = 0, T2 = —mBv = — v = v* lb-ft
2 2g g
d 0.25
For max v, v- = 0
dv\_ g
PROBLEM 13.37 CONTINUED
- 0 . 5 = 0, x 2 = — = 2fl95.3 x 10"6)
x2 ’ 00.55 V I
x = 0.01976 ft
£ .01976( k 0.25 2
0125 ~~2 ® I _ Vmax
\X J g
100,976 0.25 2
- 0.5x
X 0.0125 8
vI Fi t ^ -W
= mBa : — u rB = - ± a B
* g
aB = 48.295 ft/s2
SOLUTION
(a)
o r
‘i
t
IT
1© I
^
f=
1
r J _
Calculate K
Equilibrium at (D
I F = -iy - W„ = 0
K = xfWB
x, = 4 mm = 0.004 m
K = 28.25 x 10-6 N m 2
Ut = 0, 7j = 0, U2 = U T2 = - ( m , + m „) 'v
^ - 2 = ^004 \ F - { W A +WBj\d x
28.25 x 10'
7 1 + f/|.2 = 7’ 004
-4 .4 1 4 dx = 0.225v2
PROBLEM 13.38 CONTINUED
d ( 0.225v2)
For max v, =0
dx
28.25 x 10“6
At v„ 4.414 = 0 x = 2.53 mm
.00253 28.25 x 10 -6
- 4.414 dx = 0.225v2
f i 004
0.00253
28.25 x 10"
- 4.414x = 0.225v2
J 0.004
v2 = 0.01060
= 0.1030 m/s
vm = 0.1030 m/s 4
Tx = 0, T2 = 0
28.25 x 10-6
0+Jb,004 - 4.414 dx = 0
1 1
-28.25 x 10' 4.414x + 0.01766 - 0
.x 0.004.
x - 0.0016 m
= 2.40 mm ^
PROBLEM 13.39
SOLUTION
T\ = 2 m v o
-vr
T2 = — m v
2 2
A
t /|-2 = ~m8l
• —
Newtons ’ law at ®
(a) For minimum v, tension in the cord must be zero.
r t Thus v2 = gl
M l
vH = v2 + 2gl = 3gl
V0 = >[*81 <
o r= o (b) Force in the rod can support the weight so that v can be zero.
I =I
F
=o Thus Vq = 0 + 2 gl
v0 = sjig i <
PROBLEM 13.40
SOLUTION
1 ( WA + W„
2 ^ 1 - 2 friction
g
61b
2 = - ( l 21b /ft)f— ft) - (6 lb)(0.l) ^— ft
32.2 ft/s2 V 12 12
F. = 4 lb A
= <- a = 18.247 ft/s2
£l
IS F
Ff = (0 .l)(6) = 0.61b
For A alone:
H lio
--------
_ < (18.247)
32.2
r 6
vLx = ^ ( 12) - 0.6 — - 0.05 I, v = 2.27 ft/s A
,32.2 12
PROBLEM 13.42
SOLUTION
From Problem 13.41, assuming the blocks move together, a = 18.247 ft/s' at release
= <*- =( ^ ) (l8'247>
T>
A alone:
(a) y2 = - J * * 2 - ^ 1 - 2 friction
' 31b ^
v2 = ~(12 lb/ft) — ft - (3 lb)(0.3)| — ft
32.2 ft/s2 12
Fs - Ff = 0 = kx - n kWA
A section of track for a roller coaster consists o f two circular arcs AB and
CD joined by a straight portion BC. The radius of AB is 27 m and the
radius o f CD is 72 m. The car and its occupants, of total mass 250 kg,
reach point A with practically no velocity and then drop freely along the
track. Determine the normal force exerted by the track on the car as the
car reaches point B. Ignore air resistance and rolling resistance.
SOLUTION
va =0 Ta = 0 Tb = i m v 2 = 1 (2 5 0 kg)v2 = 125v2
CO S 4 0 '
-40^
1/
UA_B = W(21){\ -c o s4 0 °)
UA_B = 15495J
ta + u a. b = ta 0 + 15495 = \ 2 5 v -b
(15495J)
* (125 kg)
vi = 124.0 m2/s2
Newtons Law at B
S il W\ 40'
W « A j * ?.?/ Pi/s*
A section of track for a roller coaster consists o f two circular arcs AB and
CD joined by a straight portion BC. The radius of AB is 27 m and the
radius of CD is 72 m. The car and its occupants, of total mass 250 kg,
reach point A with practically no velocity and then drop freely along the
track. Determine the maximum and minimum values of the normal force
exerted by the track on the car as the car travels from A to D. Ignore air
resistance and rolling resistance.
SOLUTION
Normal force at B
See solution to Problem 13.43, N b = 731.0 N
Newtons Law
From B to C (car moves in a straight line)
c. c
+ / N'B - fTcos40° = 0
f e- ' _ A a«*
C V £= i x W R_
A tC
W
+ / Nc - WcosG = ----- ^
8 R
/ 2 \
Nc = (250 kg x 9.81 m/s2) cos# + —
SR j
A ID
PROBLEM 13.44 CONTINUED
( v2 A
N d = (250 x 9.81) 1+ ^ -
gR
va = °> ta = 0 Td = i m vD
2 = \2 5 v p
7a + U a- d = td 0 + 110362.5 = 125vq
v 2d = 882.90
882.90
N d = 250g 1+ = 250(9.81) 1+ = 5518.1 N
72gJ 72(9.81)
SOLUTION
(«)
a W” Irvig
T
h lo Cos e
4- —J N=o S '
>v.4u *
vr
g c o s9 = — ( 1)
v2 = gh cos 9 = gy
Work-energy principle
t b = ^ mvc UB-c = y) = m g ( h - y c )
7# + U b- c - Tc
1
4.5 + g ( h - y ) = - g y c (2 )
4.5 + gh = —gyc
(4.5 + gh)
yc = ------------
(I")
(4.5 + (9 .8 |)(|)2)
y = 0.97248 m (3)
PROBLEM 13.45 CONTINUED
= 3.0037 m/s
= -0.71947 m/s
t = 0.37793 s
x = 1.368 m A
PROBLEM 13.46
SOLUTION
From Problem 13.45, block leaves the surface when N = 0
Vr
g cos# = —
h
h = 8 ft, G = 40°
vc = % c o s# = 8(32.2)(cos40°) = 197.33
V
^ * B 0=40°
Work-energy principle
I T ^ tt-c o s
JF[Xc T
B
1 2
=-« »
U b - c = mgh{l ~ cosG)
+ U B -C ~ Tc
v 2c = 197.33 - 2 g h ( \ - c o s G )
SOLUTION
tan 9 = -----
100
t o o 9 = 1.718°
W = 657.3 N
Pw = (657.3)(sinl.718°)(2)
Pw = 39.41H^
Pw = 39.4 W <
6
ft) M U W = WR + Wm = (9 + 90) kg x 9.81 m/s2
W = 971.2 N
Brake must dissipate the power generated by the bike and the man going
down the slope at 6 m/s.
pR = tv -v = (lF sin#)(v)
PB = (971.2)(sinl.718°)(6) = 174.701
PB = 174.7 W A
PROBLEM 13.48
A 70-kg sprinter starts from rest and accelerates uniformly for 5.4 s over a
distance of 35 m. Neglecting air resistance, determine the average power
developed by the sprinter.
SOLUTION
Kinematics: 1 2
a = constant, v = at, x = —at
2
v = 2.401/
70(2.401)2
Average power = 'Fvdt = J?Atdt
5.4
70(2.401)2 _ 70(2,401)2 (5.4)2
-0
5.4 5.4
SOLUTION
Thus,
1000 N-m/s = lk w
mg&(N-m/s)
P (kw ) =
1000 N-m/s
(3600) ( 7)
kw
Wb lhp
With 7, hp = (ft-lb/s)
1.8 550 ft-lb/s
1.010 x IQ^Wb .
hp ---------------------<
7
PROBLEM 13.50
SOLUTION
/ r A
v = s/t = = 0.40625 ft/s
A 16s
( /> ,) ^ = 2 .5 5 h p ^
(b)
(P \ _ ( Pp ) a _ 2-55
' E’a tj 0.82
(Ph )A = 3 .1 1 h p <
PROBLEM 13.51
The velocity of the lift of Prob. 13.50 increases uniformly from zero to its
maximum value in 8 s and then decreases uniformly to zero in 8 s.
Knowing that the peak power output of the hydraulic pump is 8 hp when
the velocity is maximum, determine the maximum lifting force provided
by the pump.
SOLUTION
N e w to n ’ s la w
+ | IF = F -3 4 5 0 = ( 1)
g
v
a = -Jaa-
CL £ 0fyt>T^ K/r 8
^550 ft-lb/s N
P = 8 hp = 4400 ft lb/s
1 hp
4400
4400 = F (v max); vmax =
4400 _ 550
a = ( 2)
8s 8F ~ F
3450 550
F - 3450 =
g I F )
F 2 - 3450F - 58928.6 = 0
F = 3466.99
F = 3470 lb <
PROBLEM 13.52
A 1400-kg automobile starts from rest and travels 400 m during a
performance test. The motion of the automobile is defined by the relation
x = 4000 ln(cosh 0.03t), where x and ? are expressed in meters and
seconds, respectively. The magnitude of the aerodynamic drag is
D = 0.3 5v2, where D and v are expressed in newtons and m/s,
respectively. Determine the power dissipated by the aerodynamic drag
when (a) t - 10 s, (b) t = 15 s.
SOLUTION
Motion is determined as a function of time as
r 1 '
Velocity V = — = 4000 (sinh0.03?)(0.03)
dt ^cosh0.03t,
SOLUTION
Motion is defined by the following function:
a = 3.6e~oomx - v—
dx
y = -7 2 0 0 (e f0-0005* _ l)
v2 = 14400(l - e-00005x)
v = 12 o (l - e-°omxf
Power dissipated = P = Dv = 0.35v3
P =604.8(l0)3[ l - e_00005jc]2
x = 200 m, P = 1 7 .7 5 (l0 )3 W = 17.75 kW <
The elevator E has a weight of 6600 lb when fully loaded and is connected
as shown to a counterweight W of weight 2200 lb. Determine the power in
hp delivered by the motor (a) when the elevator is moving down at a
constant speed o f 1 ft/s, (b) when it has an upward velocity of 1 ft/s and a
deceleration of 0.18 ft/s2.
SOLUTION
(a) Acceleration = 0
tT w ^ |J V Mej J Tc T ^ - e
Dt 'U vO
T I p t/s
i VV ,
v v/
w e / / S f s r?
+ | I F = 0: 2TC + Tw - 6600 = 0
Tw = 2200 lb Tc = 2200 lb
P = 8.00 hp <
n
W
\ a ^ u ^ O -lS k /s a
W -^ a o o ib NWE=GfeO0 ^
w
Counterweight: + | LF = Ma: Tw - W = — (a„,)
g
PROBLEM 13.54 CONTINUED
Tw = 2212 lb
Elevator
—W
+ t I F = ma 2TC +Tw - W E = — *-{aE)
$
2Tc = 4351 1b
Tc = 2175.6 lb
vc = 2 ft/s (seepart(a))
= 7.91 lh p
P = 7.91 hp 4
PROBLEM 13.55
SOLUTION
System is in equilibrium in deflected x0 position.
X| = — X, = —
Thus L = L +L
ke k{ k2
k, kn
k\k2
k., =
k, + k-y
P = Ar,x0 + *2*0
p = (k\+ k2)x0
P = kex0
p = (*i + *2)*o = V o
ke = k, + k-, 4
PROBLEM 13.56
fc.l A 3-kg block can slide without friction in a slot and is attached as shown to
-v v w v v w
k* ip
3 kg
three springs of equal length, and of spring constants kx = 1 kN/m,
k2 = 2 kN/m, k2 = 4 kN/m. The springs are initially unstretched when
V W W V vW W H
*1 the block is pushed to the left 45 mm and released. Determine (a) the
vy-> '■''■vvvVvvVvVV'-]
maximum velocity of the block, (b) the velocity of the block when it is
18 mm from its initial position.
SOLUTION
© @
—/VWvA—
— —
-A /W ^
/* ■—-
iVOiTl^L -o .7 in —
coSrrtoN O N ST tercw eb
t)5 ron\- P o s it io n
7] + V, = T3 + y3; 0 + 7.088 = l .S v ^ + 0
_ (7.088 J)
= 4.725 m2/ s 2 = 2.17 m/s <
1.5 kg
(b) 17 — — rrtv-y
2 2 2 2
1 , 2 7000 N/m ,
^2 = i—k„r
kex2 = ' ""-"-‘- '-“-■(0.018 m)~
2
V2 = 1.134 J
T\ + V\ = T2 + V2
, (5.954 J)
v, = - =
- 3.9693 m2/ s 2 v, = 1.992 m/s -4
1.5 kg
PROBLEM 13.57
t| mm; T A 3-lb block can slide without friction in a slot and is connected to two
wwwwvwww- ■ 3it. j springs of constants k{ = 80 lb/ft and k2 = 60 lb/ft. The springs are
initially unstretched when the block is pulled 2 in. to the right and released.
Determine (a) the maximum velocity of the block, (b) the velocity of the
block when it is 0.8 in. from its initial position.
SOLUTION
Use equivalent spring constant (see Problem 13.55). For springs in series,
* . = _ * I*2_ * = (8°
k, v )/v( 6°)' = 34.286 lb/ft
*, + k 2 80 + 60
a 7. 1 2 I 2
v\ = 0. 7] = - « v , = — v, ; v, = vmax
2 g
v33 -= v,
0, *3
T, = 0
1 , 2 34.286 2
F, = —k.x~ = --------- = 0.47619 lb-ft
3 2 1 2 U 2;
1.5 lb
7; + F, = T, + F3; 0+ v2 = 0 + 0.47619
32.2 ft/s2 max
t = -mv-,
1 2= -----
1-5 2
(6)
2 2 2 32.2 2
y2 = = ^ ( 3 4 -2 8 6 ) ( i f ) = 0076191 lb ft
v\ = 8.5866, v2 = 2.9303
- 200 mm A 2-kg collar can slide without friction along a horizontal rod and is in
equilibrium at A when it is pushed 25 mm to the right and released from
rest. The springs are undeformed when the collar is at A and the constant
150 mm of each spring is 500 kN/m. Determine the maximum velocity of the
collar.
PROBLEM 13.60
A 2-kg collar can slide without friction along a horizontal rod and is
5 0 0 k N /m v •"<■; released from rest at A. The undeformed lengths of springs BA and CA
are 250 mm and 225 mm, respectively, and the constant o f each spring is
11,11 *' >s*' 500 kN/m. Determine the velocity of the collar when it has moved 25 mm
to the right.
Tx = 0 Vi = ^ ( A /)2 = ^(5G0,000)(0.025)2
156.25 N m
o,\£n\
= ^/(0.15)2 + (0.225)2 - 0.27042 m
T2 = = | ( 2M = v:
V2 = ±(500,000)(s,2 + s f )
2
A O .H 5 W
250,000 (0.020416)2 + (0.00549)2
111.738N-m
0
r 1 + n = ri + F2
6.67 m/s A
PROBLEM 13.61
SOLUTION
l*
Point C
9 = 30° = — rad
6
R = 0.3 m
(Kc )g = 0.07886 J
Tc + Vc = Te + Ve
H = 0.292 m <
PROBLEM 13.61 CONTINUED
Tb = ^ mVB = ^ ( ° - 2 kg ) VLx
T R = ° ' l v max
V„=0
TC +VC = TB + VB 0 + 0.5724 = (0 .1 )v L c
v max = 5 '7 2 m 2 /s 2
SOLUTION
(a) Smallest angle 6 occurs when the velocity at D is close to
zero
vc ~ 0 vd = 0
Tr = 0 Tn = 0
V = Ve + Vg
V c= o Point C
(Vc )g = f f 7 ? ( l- c o s # )
Point D
# = 43.1° A
PROBLEM 13.62 CONTINUED
(b) Velocity at A
Point D
Point A
ta = ^ m vA = | ( ° - 2 k g ) ^
Ta = 0 . 1 v 2
Ta + Va = Td + vd
v \ = 5.886 m 2/s2
Va - 2.43 m/s 4
PROBLEM 13.63
A 6-lb collar can slide without friction on a vertical rod and is resting in
equilibrium on a spring. It is pushed down, compressing the spring 6 in.,
and released. Knowing that the spring constant is k = 15 lb/in.,
determine (a) the maximum height h reached by the collar above its
equilibrium position, (b) the maximum velocity of the collar.
.J
-l«P
k - 15 lh/in.
II
SOLUTION
(a) Maximum height when v2 = 0
© 7 ; = t2 = o
V = VK + Ve
Position © ft), - 0
r ii-j- 'EQ O ii_t !i
loul1
J P o s itio n 61b
[ fc 1*1 + 6 in. = 0.4 + 6 = 6.4 in.
15 lb/in.
(K \ = ^ = ^(I51b/in.)(6.4in.)2
(K )2 = 0
T\ + V \ - T 2 + V2 : K ) , + K ) , = W 2 +(K.)2
25.6 = 6(0.5 + h)
71 = = - ( — )v,2 = 0.093167v,:
3 2 2^ 32.2 J
A 6-lb collar can slide without friction on a vertical rod and is held so it
just touches an undeformed spring. Determine the maximum deflection of
the spring (a) if the collar is slowly released until it reaches an
equilibrium position, (b) if the collar is suddenly released.
k = 15 Ih/in.
SOLUTION
(a) Collar is in equilibrium.
+ | I F = (15 lb/in.)<5 - 6 lb
w -c
(15 lb/in.)
1L<©
r2 =0 v2= 1 . 02
n --°U
m W = —kS.
2(6 lb)
max " (15 lb/in.) ~ n'
A= 20 lli/lt ^ .. Blocks /I and weigh 8 lb and 3 lb, respectively, and are connected by a
»n, cord-and-pulley system and released from rest in the position shown with
the spring undeformed. Knowing that the constant of the spring is
20 lb/ft, determine (a) the velocity of block B after it has moved 6 in.,
(b) the maximum velocity of block B, (c) the maximum displacement of
block B. Ignore friction and the masses of the pulleys and spring.
SOLUTION
8 lb 31b
+ -
32.2 ft/s' I 2 J 2 32.2 ft/s2 J B 64.4
(a) y B = 0.5 ft, xA = 0.25 ft, V2e = ^ (2 0 lb/ft)(0.25 ft)2 = 0.625 ft-lb
r ..
T. + V, = T, + V2: 0 = + 0.625 - 1.5
1 1 2 2 64.4
vB = 3.36 ft/s A
\ 3M>
310 -x L C'oJUo B
V O '5 F t J V 0 -t f ' X s *
v * = ^ (2 0 )(0 .3 )2 = 0.9
5v»
T. +V. = T2 + V2: 0 = - 5 - -0 .9 , vB = 3.40 ft/s <
1 1 ‘ ‘ 64.4
(c) T,= 0, F2 = 0 = i ( 2 0 ) f ^ - j - 3 yB
|— 1.5 f t — -1
An 8-lb collar A can slide without friction along a vertical rod and is
released from rest in the position shown with the springs undeformed.
Knowing that the constant of each spring is 20 lb/ft, determine the
velocity of the collar after it has moved (a) 4 in., (b) 7.6 in.
SOLUTION
(a) Calculate spring lengths after deflection.
Original spring length = 2.5 ft; Collar moved 4 in. = 0.333 ft
^ 8 x
iL333f* r, = Vj = o, r2 = -
a .77V f t 32.2
i .a i ft
Is.*/3 Ft
*2. = ^ ( 20)[(2-774 - 2-5)2 + (2-5 " 2-243)2
l.r p t
= 1.41113 ft-lb
7] + Vx = T2 + V2: 0 = 1 8 v2 -2 .6 6 7 + 1.4113
2 v 32.2
= -5.0667 ft-lb
1.5 Ft
2e = i(2 0 )[(3.03058 - 2.5)2 + (2.5 - 2.02923)2
CU31 ft 3.030S-a ft
= 5.0314 ft-lb
10ICR
SOLUTION
Find unstretched length o f the spring
9 = tan"' f — ^ G = 71.565°
T 0A )
o ,l *
<t>= Lbd = yj( 0.3)2 + (0 .1 )2 = 0.3162i
- 0 = length at equilibrium
u |£ *109
©.Cm Equilibrium: C + 1M a = O.IFjSin# - 0.6(10 g) = 0
F, = 63.25 g
= 0.23864 m
= 0.16136 m
© A t® I = 90° V, = 0, T, = 0
/ datum
'i-W .+ W ,
( y ,l= - ^ (0 .1 6 1 3 6 ) 2
= 104.15 N m
V, = 104.15 -5 8 .8 6 = 45.29 N m
PROBLEM 13.67 CONTINUED
8000 \
A t® 0 =0 (V2)e = ^ k ( A L BDf = N/m (0.07756 m )2
v * /
= 24.06 N-m
j 10kg
Ty = - m v , = vj = 5v22
SOLUTION
(a) Laf = a / ( 0 -5)2 + (0.4)2 + (0.3)2
L af = 0.707 m
Lbf = J {0 A )2 + (0 3 )2
L bf = 0.5 m
L fe - a/(0-5)2 + (0.3)2
LFE = 0.5831 m
V = rVe ^+ 'Vg
AL af = 0.407 m
( ^ t ) e = ^ (7 0 N/m)(0.407 m )2
{VA)g = 5.7977 J
ALbf - 0.2 m
v| = = 7.33 m 2/s2
(0.6)
vB = 2.71 m/s 4
(ib) Speed at E
Point A Ta = 0, F^ = 10.51 J (from Part (a))
Point E
TTe = —mv
21 i = ^ ( l - 2 k g )v l = 0.6v |
ALfe = 0.2831 m
{VE)g = 0 VE = 2.805 J
v| = (7 J 9 6 ) = 12.9933 m 2/s2
( 0 .6 )
= 3.60 m/s 4
PROBLEM 13.69
A 500-g collar can slide without friction along the semicircular rod BCD.
The spring is of constant 320 N/m and its undeformed length is 200 mm.
Knowing that the collar is released form rest at B, determine (a) the speed
of the collar as it passes through C, (b) the force exerted by the rod on the
collar at C.
SOLUTION
(a) Speed at C
L ab = ^ /( 3 0 o 7 + ( l5 0 ) ^ f ( 7 5 7 = 343.69318 mm
k = 320 N/m
At B vB = 0 Tg — 0
AL ah = 143.69318 mm = 0.14369318 m
(VB)t' = 3.303637 J
A tC Tc = \-m v l = 1 (0 .5 kg)(v^)
Tc = 0.25V(.
(Vc )e = l/r ( A L ,c )2
T g + V g = T C+ Vc
4.0 3 9 4 - 1.90909
Vr = = 8.5212 m2/s2 vc = 2.92 m/s ^
0.25
PROBLEM 13.69 CONTINUED
(b) Force of rod on collar AC
F. = 0 (no friction)
F = Fxi + Fyj
6 = ta n '1— = 14.04°
300
Fe = (iAL/<c)(cos^i + sin#k)
Fe = (320)(0.10923)(cosl4.04°i + sinl4.04°k)
(8.5212 m 2/s2)
Fr + 33.909 N = 0 F = 4.905 N + (0 .5 P -----------------
y K ’ 0.15 m
Fx = -33.909 N
Fy = 33.309 N
F = -33.9 N i + 33.3 N j A
PROBLEM 13.70
SOLUTION
(fl) vr = 0, Tc = 0
th = -m V B
t b = |(° -2 k g )v |
Tb = O.lv2 Kc = (Kc ) ,+ ( K c )g
0 = 30 arc BC = ALBC = R0
M bc = (0.3 m)(30°) (* )
180°
e a -c o s
ALbc = 0.15708 m
(Kf ) = 0.078857 J
^ = ( ^ ) e+ ( ^ ) x =0 +0 = 0
(b ) + f l F = Fr - W = ^ -
A
(5.7234 m2/s2)
Fr = 1.962 N + (0.2 kg)
(0.3 m)
0 62*5 lb
/-3<30
&
N
2Fn = N - 0.625cos30 =
r 32.2 ^ 2.75
N - 0.54127 = 0.90909
PROBLEM 13.72
A 10-oz pellet is released from rest at A and slides without friction along
the surface shown. Determine the force exerted on the pellet by the
surface (a) just before the pellet reaches C, (b) immediately after it has
passed through C.
SOLUTION
- v
1 Datum
va - °> t a = 0
Vc = 0
N
0.625 r 152.527^
ZFN = maN : N - 0.625
32.2 v 2.75 y
N = 1.702 lb 4
(b) Just after C
0.61S
-mo/
■t IF , = 0
N = 0.625 lb <
C
PROBLEM 13.73
dr
A 1.2-kg collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction along a
If
1 ill 5*
~~
75 M \\ circular rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an undeformed length of
105 mm and a constant k = 300 N/m Knowing that the collar is at rest at
C and is given a slight push to get it moving, determine the velocity of the
Vv ISIInun JL
collar and the force exerted by the rod on the collar as it passes through (a)
point/f, (b) point B.
H
SOLUTION
o.i& o m
vA = 1.227 m/s ^
At point A
vH = 1.199 m/s A
Is/
t (v i)
1.2 -— - 9.588 N
0.18
V M m i)
+ | I F = -N g + 45 - 1.2(9.81) = 9.588
N B = 23.6 N } A
PROBLEM 13.74
A 1.2-kg collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction along a
circular rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an undeformed length of
105 mm and a constant k. The collar is at rest at C and is given a slight
push to get it moving. Knowing that the maximum velocity of the collar is
achieved as it passes through point A, determine (a) the spring constant k,
(b) the maximum velocity of the collar.
SOLUTION
h 'O .Q ^ A
0 .0 1 s m
= <■
O, I § O t t \
rvi X *
w
5/ne= o,o7s/0i, ^
W = (1.2)(9.81) = 11.772 N
■t I F ' = 0 = 0 . 0 9 * _ 1.2(9.81) = 0
1 y (0.195) v '
(k = 340.08 N/m)
v, = 1.112 m/s 4
PROBLEM 13.75
An 8-oz package is projected upward with a velocity v0 by a spring at A;
it moves around a frictionless loop and is deposited at C. For each of the
two loops shown, determine (a) the smallest velocity v0 for which the
package will reach C, (b) the corresponding force exerted by the package
on the loop just before the package leaves the loop at C.
SOLUTION
(a) The smallest velocity at B will occur when the force exerted by the
tube on the package is zero.
N -o
&
A
Im q
o
mv d
I IF = 0 + mg =
v~B = 48.30
At A ta = 2 m vo
0.5
8 oz = 0.5 lb => = = 0.01553
32.2
A tB Tb ~ = ~ wi(48.30) = 24.15 m
A tC
v2 = 144.87
PROBLEM 13.75 CONTINUED
(b)
r ^ r
0 .S
(144.87)
-±* LF = m a - = 0.01553
1.5
N = 1.49989
Loop 2
{Package in tube} Nc = 1.500 lb -— A
•LTb-O B
r- \ S $ t (a) At B, tube supports the package so,
VB * 0
vs = 0 , r f l = 0 VB = m*(7.5 + 1.5)
= 4.5 lb-ft
C'fcTUM
ta + va = tb + Vb
vA = 24.1 ft/s A
v'c = 96.573
0 .5
96.573
Nc = 0.01553 = 0.99985
^ 1.5
SOLUTION
(a) Loop 1
From 13.75, at B
[jJ
j j
T O . r Vft"
Y03 - O S ’ I t
7-5
v2g = gr = 48.3 ft“/s~ vB = 6.9498 fVs
tr = = i(0.01553)(48.3) = 0.37505
rc = = ^(0.01553) = 0.007765v£
12.04 ft/s > 10 ft/s => Loop (1) does not work 4
t lf %
HMM|
(b) Loop 2 At A
1
Ta = —pivq = 0.007765Vq
vA - 0
SOLUTION
For a conservative force, Equation (13.22) must be satisfied
dV_ 8V_ dV_
dx dy dz
dFx _ _ d 2 y dFy _ d V
We now write
dy dxdy dx dydx
dz dy dx dz
PROBLEM 13.78
The force F = (_yzi + zxj + x y k )/x y z acts on the particle P ( x ,y ,z ) which
moves in space, (a) Using the relation derived in Prob. 13.77, show that this
force is a conservative force. (b) Determine the potential function
associated with F.
SOLUTION
yz zx
(a) Fx = Fy = xyz
xyz
d
_ dti) = 0 Jd y _
dy fy dx t
= d_Fy_
Thus
dy dx
The other two equations derived in Problem 13.80 are checked in a similar way.
Fx = - = ~ V = - ln x + f ( y , z ) (1)
X ox
Fz = — = V = - In z + h ( x ,y ) (3)
z dz
Equating (1) and (2)
- ln x + f ( y , z ) = -In y + g ( z ,x )
Thus f { y ^ z ) = _ ln T + k {z ) (4)
g (z ,x ) = - ln x + k ( z ) (5)
- ln z + h (x ,y ) = -In y + g ( z ,x j
g ( z ,x ) = - l n z + /(x )
From (5)
g (z,x ) = - ln x + k(z)
Thus
k (z ) = - ln z
/(x ) = - ln x
PROBLEM 13.78 CONTINUED
From (4)
f ( y , z ) = - l n y - lnz
Substitute for f [ y , z ) i n( l )
V = - h i - Iny - lnz
V = -ln x y z 4
PROBLEM 13.79
The force F = (xi + yj + zk)/ ^x2 + y 2 + z2j acts on the particle
P ( x ,y ,z ) which moves in space. (a) Using the relation derived in Prob.
13.77, prove that F is a conservative force. (b) Determine the potential
function V ( x ,y ,z "j associated with F.
SOLUTION
9 fx _ x ( ~ 2 ) i 2y ) dFy .. y ( ~ \ ) 2y
^ (x 2 + y 2 + z 2f ^ (x 2 + y 2 + z 2)
The other two equations derived in Problem 13.79 are checked in a similar fashion
Fx = ~ — V = -{ * T dx
& ^ + y 2 + z 2y
V = (x2 + y 2 + z2) 2 + f ( y , z )
V =
(x2 + y 2 + z 2) 2
PROBLEM 13.80
A force F acts on a particle P(x, y) which moves in the x y plane.
Determine whether F is a conservative force and compute the
work of F when P describes the path ABCA knowing that
(a) F = (far + y )i + (kx + y )j, (b) F = (fcc + y )i + (x + ky)j.
SOLUTION
(a)
CU 6
UAB = ^k x d x = k
U CA = = —
2
^mcv< = (* - 0 — > not conservative -4
- a - « .
A (b) From Problem 13.77, ^ k = 1= ^ l
dy dx
Conservative, UABCA = 0 A
PROBLEM 13.81
F .t,,.k tx* / Certain springs are characterized by increasing stiffness with increasing
\X ' deformation according to the relation F = k{x + k2x3, where F is the
force exerted by the spring, /c, and k2 are positive constants, and x is the
y ^ 7 .k ,x -k ,^ deflection o f thespring measured from its undeformed position.
Determine (a) the potential energy Ve as a function o f x, (b) the
maximum velocity of a particle of mass m attached to the spring and
released from rest with x - . Neglect friction.
SOLUTION
(a)
Ve = —k\X2 + —k2xA -4
e 2 1 4 2
SOLUTION
= ~ \ ( X2 ~ X\ ) +1^ { X2 - ^ l4)
Ul^ 2 = Ve l - V e2:
Ve = —kxx 2 - —k2x 4 4
- m v 2 = —h x I - —k7x t
2 2 4
v= x 20 +
\2mj
• ,2*.
Requires x0 < 1— *
PROBLEM 13.83
Knowing that the velocity of an experimental space probe fired from the
earth has a magnitude = 32.5 Mm/h at point A, determine the velocity
of the probe as it passes through point B.
SOLUTION
rA = hA + R = A3 Mm + 6.37 Mm
rA = 10.67 Mm
rB = hB + R = 72.7 Mm + 6.37 Mm
rB = 19.07 A/m
GMm -g R 'm
Va =
v j = 48.64 x 106 n r /s 2
SOLUTION
Note: GMmoon = 0.0123GA/earth
e2 = r2 + v2 = o - GMm m'cm = 0 - 0 = 0
00
A£
Energy per kilogram: = 2810 kj/kg A
m.lem
Cb) rx = Rm + 80 km
g jO g to n _ ” kmvr
F = «km<W 2
GM„
V, = T --m v2 - 1 m^ G M n
J l ~ « "'lem I “ -
2 2 r,
PROBLEM 13.84 CONTINUED
rx 1 1 1 2 rx rx
E = 1G M a = 1 (0.0123)g/?|/wlem
1 2r, 2 rx
Ey = (-1.345 x l 0 6 rn2/s2W m
AE
Energy per kilogram: = 1345 kJ/kg A
™ lem
PROBLEM 13.85
A=arro km A spacecraft is describing a circular orbit at an altitude of 1500 km above
the surface of the earth. As it passes through point A, its speed is reduced
by 40 percent and it enters an elliptic crash trajectory with the apogee at
point A. Neglecting air resistance, determine the speed of the spacecraft
when it reaches the earth’s surface at point B.
1500 km
SOLUTION
Circular orbit velocity
v- GM ... ,
-j =— GM = gR
v l = 50.579 x 106 n r /s 2
vc = 7112 m/s
Conservation of energy:
ta + va = tb + vb
1 /7 GM 1 / 2 GM /ft
~ /fiv A -------------= ~ / t v B ------------
2 rA 2 rB
vB = 6.48 km/s A
PROBLEM 13.86
A satellite describes an elliptic orbit o f minimum altitude 606 km above
the surface of the earth. The semimajor and semiminor axes are
17 440 km and 13 950 km, respectively. Knowing that the speed o f the
satellite at point C is 4.78 km/s, determine (a) the speed at point A, the
perigee, (b) the speed at point B, the apogee.
SOLUTION
c Distance OA =6370 km + 606 km = 6976 km
Distance OOe = 17,440 km - 6976 km = 10,464 km
13350 r l = (13,950)2 + (10,464)2
%
\
0
rc =17,438,400 m
At C: r + F = 1 m(4 7 8 0 f -
2 rc
, i , (9.81m/s2)(6 .3 7 0 x l0 6 m)2
(-11.402 x 106) = —v \ - 4------- -----i i ------ -— r-----
' ’ 2 (6.976 x 106 m)
vA = 9.56 km/s 4
= 27.904 x 103 km
T +V Is gR2
m 2 U 27.904 x 106 m
/ 1 , (9 .8 l)(6.370 x 106)2
( 11.402 xl O6) == v j , ' \
1 1 2 (27.904 xl O6)
vB = 2.39 km/s 4
PROBLEM 13.87
While describing a circular orbit 200 mi above the earth a space vehicle
launches a 6000-lb communications satellite. Determine (a) the
additional energy required to place the satellite in a geosynchronous orbit
at an altitude of 22,000 mi above the surface o f the earth, (b) the energy
required to place the satellite in the same orbit by launching it from the
surface of the earth, excluding the energy needed to overcome air
resistance. (A geosynchronous orbit is a circular orbit in which the
satellite appears stationary with respect to the ground).
PROBLEM 13.87 CONTINUED
At launch pad EF = - —^ m- = - ^ £m = -W RE
Re Re
SOLUTION
Total energy per unit weight
Unit weight W - mg
W 2 W GM W 2 W GM
En = — vA ------------ = — v . -------------
2g g rA 2g p g r
E,0 GM _ v-p GM
( 1)
_ VA
W 2g grA 2g gr
GM 1 1
1 - ^..2
2g g rpJ
1 - ^..2 = 2GM
v r*rp j
— = — (given)
rA
r \
1- ^ = 2GM \ r p ~ rA
V TP y I r*rp )
2 2> f \
fp ~ rA rp ~ rA
9 = 2GM
V rP y \ r* p )
r
TP_ 1
VA = 2 GM-
rA \ r.P +
PROBLEM 13.88 CONTINUED
/ \
E0 _ i GM GM rp 1 1
2G M - -
W 2g \ rn
P + rA
A grA g rA u +rJ
1
GM GM - i rP + ta )
rAS rp + rA rAg
-G M
g { rA +rB)
■\2
WGM
On earth: E F = TF + Ve , Ve = 0, T e = 0, VE =
g&E
Ep _ E0 E e
For propulsion:
W W W
SOLUTION
0.3 GM
r - (60 yr) 1.00 xlO 9 —
Gm
r = 0.56765 x 1018 m
f n o „ „ , . GMBm mv
—■* J m \ Newton s second law F = ----- f — = —
' r r
r_S_
mb =
G
• r S
1000 m
GMemh = g^artii = (9.81 m/s2 )(6370 km)2 j ^
M
- 398.059 x l 0 12(m 3/s2)
0.13136 xlO 21
G =
^sun
A/f = rv = rv M
-^sun
B G 0.13136 xlO 21
SOLUTION
V. = -WR 1 + -
* I R
We add the constant WR, which is equivalent to changing the datum from r = go to r = R:
Vg =WR
R {R j + "
[Equation 13.16]
SOLUTION
IOO*0 = 2(1)(5)2
x0 = 0.5 m
(Unstretched length = 2 m)
II
II
.
(a) rA = 1.20 m ^
V = ^ (100)[(3 - 1.2) - 2 ]2 = 2 N m
T = 181.25 + 1 2 .5 - 2 = 191.8 J
(c) T = 191.8 J A
PROBLEM 13.94
Two identical 2-kg collars, A and B, are attached to a spring of constant
100 N/m and can slide on a horizontal rod which is free to rotate about a
vertical shaft. Collar B is initially prevented from sliding by a stop as the
rod rotates at a constant rate 0Q = 5 rad/s and the spring is in
compression with rA = 1 m and rB = 2.5 m. After the stop is removed
both collars move out along the rod. At the instant when the spring is in
compression and the total kinetic energy is 185 J, determine (a) rA,
(b) rB, (c) 0. Neglect friction and the mass of the rod.
SOLUTION
100x0 = 2(1)(5)2
x0 = 0.5 m
(Unstretched length = 2 m )
Conservation of energy
T>
- j ( 2)[5 ( l) ] ! + ^ ( 2)[5(2.5)]2
= 181.25 N m
For compression:
(rB - r A) - 2 = -0.41833
r | = (2 .5 )2r j, rB = 2 .5 rA
rB ~ r A ~ 2 = 2.5rA - r A - 2 = 1.5rA - 2
SOLUTION
H — 0.75 f-t H a O' - o Conservation of angular momentum about O
mv0 (O.75) = mv^(0.40)
Conservation of energy
T + V = r +V
r = I » ( v ; + v J ) = A ( o + i.5=) =
5.265
g
2.5v;2 = -1 4 .1 5 + 1.3125(32.2)
v!2 = 11.245
vl = 3.35 ft/s 4
PROBLEM 13.96
A 4-lb collar A and a 1.5-lb collar B can slide without friction on a frame,
Y consisting of the horizontal rod OE and the vertical rod CD, which is free
to rotate about CD. The two collars are connected by a cord running over
' . a pulley that is attached to the frame at O. At the instant shown, the
/ velocity v A of collar A has a magnitude of 6 fit/s and a stop prevents
collar B from moving. If the stop is suddenly removed, determine (a) the
velocity of collar A when it is 8 in. from O, (b) the velocity of collar A
when collar B comes to rest. (Assume that collar B does not hit O, that
collar A does not come off rod OE, and that the mass of the frame is
negligible.)
SOLUTION
O)
H
Conservation of angular momentum about O 00
( -----
4^ m v, = — m
V12 J A ll2 j Mr
4(6) = 8(v^)r
( v 'a ) t = 3 ft/s
Conservation of energy
va=0.75 ft/s 71 = -
V
M 2- M l +M l =M l +(3)2- K )2 +9
T2 = ^™aM2+\mBM2 VB=Mr (kinematics)
If 1.5 / , \2 2.75 / t\2 18
T2 =
g
M l +9 M r =— M r +J
0 = tan-1-^7! 2 = 51.06°
(*)
( 4
£ ) * ..(« ) = — I+ x = j(6 ) = — + X
12 3
x = 'a _ r
P " 3 .
Conservation of energy
A t® vA — 6 ft/s, vB = 0
t ^ 2 1 ( 4 )/>\2 72 „
T\ = -im An = -i f -l (6) = — , Vj = 0
2 1g
At CD
v£y
F2 - ms gx = 1.5x
PROBLEM 13.96 CONTINUED
72 = 2 ( v'4)2 + 1.5gx
72 = 2 ( v ') 2 + 1.5g - 1 _ I
v, 3
72 = 2 ( v’ )2 + - ^ ( 3 - v' )
3v'
216v;, = 6(v',)3 + 1 .5 g (3 -v ^ )
SOLUTION
A The cord will not go slack if v2 is perpendicular to the undeformed cord
length, L0, at ©
©
0.8v, = 0.6v2 v 7 = — —v, = 1.333v0
i 0.6 0
Vj ^ \ k { L - L 0f = i ( l 5 0 N /m )(0 .8 m - 0.6 m )2
V, = 3J
0.35 vq (1.3158)2 - 1 = 3
(3J)
vn = = 11.72 m2/s2
(0.35 kg)(0.7313)
vn = 3.42 m/s 4
PROBLEM 13.97 CONTINUED
The ball travels in a straight line after the cord goes slack.
(0.8)(l .71) = dv
1.368
d =
Conservation of energy
v, = 1.71 m/s
Point ®
r3 = o
v = 3.39 m/s
J 1.368 1.368 ^
d = -------= --------- = 404 mm
v 3.39
d = 404 mm A
PROBLEM 13.98
r
JOOmm A 0.7-kg ball that can slide on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached
to a fixed point O by means of an elastic cord of constant k = 150 N/m
and undeformed length 600 mm. The ball is placed at point A, 800 mm
from O, and given an initial velocity v 0 perpendicular to OA, allowing
the ball to come within a distance d = 270 mm of point O after the cord
600 mm
has become slack. Determine (a) the initial speed v0 o f the ball, (b) its
/ maximum speed.
v = 2.963v0
Conservation of energy
Point ® v, = v0 7] = = 0.35vo2
V = 3J
Point ® v2 = v T2 = |m v 2 = 0.35v2
V2 = 0 (cord is slack)
0.35v02[(3.125)2 - 1 =3
M
(0.35kg)(8.7656)
Vq = 0.9779 m2/s2
v0 = 0.989 m/s A
(b) Maximum velocity occurs when the ball is at its minimum distance
from O, (when d = 0.27 m)
vm = 3.09 m/s A
PROBLEM 13.99
Using the principles of conservation o f energy and conservation of
angular momentum, solve part a of Sample Prob. 13.9.
SOLUTION
R = 6370 km
r0 = 500 km + 6370 km
r0 = 6870 km
= 6.87 x 106 m
v0 = 36,900 km/h
= 36.9 x 106 m
3 .f> X 1 0 3 s
70.418 x 109
Va- = (1)
Conservation of energy
Point A
Ta = (m)(52.53 x 106)(j)
r„ = 6.87 x 106 m
PROBLEM 13.99 CONTINUED
(398 x 10 m /s
VA = - i - , ’ = -57.93 x 106 m ( j)
(6.87 x 10 m)
Point A'
-mvA'
(7 0 .4 1 8 x l0 9) 398 x 1012
-5.402 x 106 = i y -L - - —
m f
_ (2.4793 xlO 21) 398 x 1012
-5.402 x 106 =
''max = 66,700 km 4
PROBLEM 13.100
Transfer As a first approximation to the analysis of a space flight from the earth to
Mars, it is assumed that the orbits o f the earth and Mars are circular and
coplanar. The mean distances from the sun to the earth and to Mars are
149.6 x 106 km and 227.8 x 106 km, respectively. To place the spacecraft
into an elliptical transfer orbit at point A, its speed is increased over a
short interval of time to vA which is faster than the earth’s orbital speed.
When the spacecraft reaches point B on the elliptical transfer orbit, its
speed v B is increased to the orbital speed o f Mars. Knowing that the
mass of the sun is 332.8 x 103 times the mass of the earth, determine the
increase in velocity required (a) at A, (b) at B.
SOLUTION
M = mass of the sun
I Glbf
Circular orbits Earth vE =--j------- -—— = 29,758 m/s
1149.6(10)
GM
Mars vM = I ^ - 24,115 m/s
1227.8(l0)9
Conservation of energy
1 2 GM J_ 2 GM
2 VA 149.6(10)9 2 VB 227.8(10)9
va = vb ;~ 2 7 - [ = 1.52273vE
A B (149.6) *
20
0.65935v| = 3.0398(10)*
v \ = 4.6102(10)*