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By
• •
Dr. Ashraf· K~mal Hussein
• • •

Profe~sorr ·of Geotechnical Engineering and Foundations


.· :. Faculty af Engineering - ~cairo University
....



2012

- •

'

----


L·~ ·L ;""

• • •


• •

• >

l.lntrtlfluctioo
• I • •

· · Retaining·w.all: • •


• • . •
, . •
2.'[alt1 ..
-

- a stiuctare which Fetains from failure a soil mass or other material





·liquids, etc.). · ~ -

- .J0cated between two differen:t ground levels; upper level and lower le\ el.
••

-. -
- constracted.in. various fields of engineering such as highwa_ s. bridge .

canals, l1ydrau¥c stFUctnres . etc. .


I

• • •
~ n ...)
1•
-
... •
.r . ~

·Back zll:
'

'
- - -
- the material behind R.W. at the upper.elevation.
• T'' F I -- -

• - exerting lateral earth pressure on the wall .


' ,_.. ,.. - ., ~\.C. . . .~~
' . .
• f
' '>
-

-

~~.tM.u of En~neering
·ersit •
I ) ,/

-L •

..
:.J.J

Materials

• Masonry

• Bricks

• Plain c
..

Stability
- from its
~"- Gravity Wall~'70.11
"'"'"'~ s J (!..
l,.Cel. ,,

Cantilever Wall -
~


Counterfort Wall •


- - tenta •

-

~ He~'\1- 9 ...J • •


FacuJty of Engineermg Retaining\\ .
C'airo University
faculty of
:~JJ Cairo lin•~

J •

..:

Steps ofDesig1z: •

Forces:
• •
• •
- act1ve ,<:


1- Selection of \van diJnensions . •


- \\'eight
2- Detennining forces acting on wall.

- \Veigh!
3- Checking verall stability. •~ AI.-' • ,':f ;I
'~\,~...,, .:1~

. structural stability. ~ -.o:JJt ~· '-


4- Checking '-l.,
,;.. - wateJ

. ~r:'--
.J ....,._, \alii'
1rU' ~
- uplift
• •
- pa"' 1


3. Gra lty Walls


- •

Materials: \\- •


• Masonry
• Bricks •

• Plain c0ncrete •

• O.S1n to H/12
• I I

Stability: •

- - from its own massive weight.


H

- ..
Ditn~nsio1zs:
-- -
I D =H/8 to H/6

0.5 to 0.8H
~;.__;_;:~;.:.:.;:;__--'1

· - tentatively ! ! . • r-t

'
~\'~ ·~: I\ • ,., .
.- L\ ~rc

• •

I
f\ •


Retaininob \Valli
Faculty of Engineering • •

-
~:..JJ €airo IDniversitv
...

3~ GravityrWalls
• •

' t
• •

. -.ael!iJve eart:li pressure Ea (Rankine oJJ CoulOf!lD) .


- weight of w.all (We). •


,
('~ .
' { \ )

- weight of soil (Ws) in case of Ra1zkine.

- water pressure (Ew). •


,

- uplift (U). •

~----"'1 . . · .---~ - •. __,.,--' ' . wr -- __.


c ,. ~- ¥ ' .r
·ve earth pressure (EP)! ! ! ~· - - - ~------

u
-"J c.
- ,-..
- •

-
Resisting Fo~
,. . .~. FS = Sliding Forces ....
,. -
4

'£ nlf
- Resisting Forces = 'EV ~ + c~ + r · · · ·

as ~v =~w + EU\: - u ...


Jl = coefficient of friction ---:
cw = soil adhesion Ep
B = wall breadth

J Retaining \\'alls

culty of. Engineering •


"'
... H ••

(
:.-~. tlnivcrsitv

,.
... P
-
cr

Stability:
2- Check of Ovel'torning:
rer--~

- must be safe against rotation about to (point 0)

FS= Resisting Moments <Mr)


Overturning Moments (M 01 )
u



Sttibili(y:
Faqor of Safett

FS = 1.5 in case of cohesionless soils


=2.0 in case of cohesive soils
=2.0 in case of cohesionless soils with passive )
)
= 2.5 in case of cohesive soils with passive



Retaining Walls
Faculty of. Engineer-ing
€aiJifo Unhrersity

Qverall Stability:
3- €heck of Stresses:

Mo =Mr - .Mor
r

C=Mo • ~\

LV \

)'
B $.., •
e= -C 1111 \

2
LV
·r e_-
1 <B (jmax = O'max

6 min B

B 2LV . ... i J c
if e>- O'max = 3C
6

to avoid excessive tilt

Retaining \\'al\s


••

J
_I\ 1
v
J (
~ L=~ .=:===-=--;;::::-_;~ = ~----=~=·.:::
- for critical secti0ns check:
- .. -
l ·-·-., •

,..,
--.- .--

-. 3

• shear sfliesses
.. l


• •

'

Retaining Walls
Faculty of Engineering
r!F' :;:.yJ Cairo Uni~ersity




0.:! to 0.3 m • •

t ,
Materials: •

- Reinforced concrete
. H
Stability: B/3
"

I D' D=H112toH110
- from weight of soil above base.
.J p <Yy) 1
B = 0.4 to 0.7H 1



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