Prepared By:

Ar. Ruchi Arora

 CONTENTS
1. Introduction to sound and acoustics

2.Introduction to noise and its types.

3.Difference between sound, noise and music.

4.Effect of sound on human phycology and
behavior
5.Sound laws

6.Behavior of sound in enclosures

7.Design aspects as per acoustics

INTRODUCTION
• SOUND AND ACOUSTICS-DEFINATION
• GENERAL IMPORTANCE OF ACOUSTICS
• HISTORIC IMPORTANCE OF ACOUSTICS
• IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY
• DIFFERENCES
 SOUND
The term ‘sound’ refers to a form of energy that is
transmitted by pressure variations or vibrations
that travel through the air or other mediums and
that can be ‘heard’ by the ear or other devices.

It is generated by vibrated bodies in the form of

waves of compression and rarefaction in the air.
 ACOUSTICS

Acoustics is a branch of physics that study the

sound, acoustics concerned with the production,
control, transmission, reception, and effects of
sound.
 NOISE
An unwanted sound is called noise.

Noise classification

•Outdoor noise
•Indoor noise
 DIFFERENCE
SOUND NOISE MUSIC
•Sound is a form of Noise is rather Music produces a pleasing
energy which can unpleasant since effect on our ears and mind as
be harvested, its its
controlled and •Frequency is low •Frequency is high.
used. and has an •It produces a regular
Irregular waveform.
waveform •No sudden changes of
•There are amplitude or
sudden changes wavelength representing a
in amplitude or musical sound.
wavelength.
 EFFECT OF NOISE ON HUMAN
PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR
•The effect of noise on
man has long been a
problem of considerable
interest to psychologists
and specialists in many
professional areas.

•Background noise is a
distraction as well as a
stressor.
•It is capable of affecting not only one’s health and
lifestyle, but also task performance.

•Noise adversely affects, sleep and task performance

People who live in highly populated urban areas
tend to report sleep disturbances due to noise.
•Noise pollution interferes with the ability to
comprehend normal speech and may lead to a
number of personal disabilities, handicaps, and
behavioral changes.

•These include problems with concentration,

fatigue, uncertainty, lack of self confidence,
irritation, misunderstandings, decreased working
capacity.
 SOURCES OF NOISE NUISANCE
Outdoor noise- The outdoor sources of noise
produced on school premises, which cause
disturbance within the school, include the noise
arising from playgrounds, playing fields and open-
air swimming pools.

Indoor noise- Indoor sources of noise are as

follows:
Singing, instrumental and reproduced music which
may take place in class rooms and in
dining and assembly halls particularly in
primary schools.
•In secondary schools, specialized music rooms are
generally provided.

•The movement of chairs, desks and tables at

•the end of one period may disturb a class .

•Audio-visual presentations in class rooms.

•Wood and metal workshops, machine shops

(engineering laboratories); typing rooms, which
produce continuous or intermittent
sound of considerable loudness.
•Corridors and other circulation spaces; and
Plumbing and mechanical services.
 METHODS TO ACHIEVE ACOUSTICAL
COMFORT
Site Planning
•School buildings should be sited as far as possible
from the sources of noise.

•Rooms should be planned in a manner so that the

minimum amount of glazing is placed on the side
facing the external noise.

•It is desirable to place playgrounds, workshops,

swimming pools, music rooms, assembly

halls and gymnasia as far away as possible from

buildings which require a quiet environment.
Internal Planning
•Grouping

•Windows and ventilators

•Roof lights and ventilators over noisy rooms should be

Avoided.

•Doors — Swing doors into rooms should

only be used where no problem of sound transmission
exists.

•Reduction of insulation between rooms and corridors

due to doors must be borne in mind.
•Noise pollution interferes with the ability to
comprehend normal speech and may lead to a
number of personal disabilities, handicaps, and
behavioral changes.

•These include problems with concentration,

fatigue, uncertainty, lack of self confidence,
irritation, misunderstandings, decreased working
capacity.
 BUILT ENVIRONMENT
The term built environment refers to the human-
made surroundings that provide the setting for
human activity, ranging in scale from buildings
and parks or green space to neighborhoods and
cities that can often include their supporting
infrastructure .
 EFFECT OF NOISE ON BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
•Some buildings or parts of buildings are specially
•vulnerable to noise, for example, recording and
radio studios, hospitals and research laboratories.
These should not be sited near loud noise sources.

•Factories should be sited away from the

residential space in order to avoid noise pollution.

•Green belt is provided at the periphery of the

neighborhood for controlling noise pollution and
air pollution.
 WHEN DOES SOUND BECOMES NOISE
The words “sound” and “noise” are often used
interchangeably. However, while a sound might
come from anything that makes audible
vibrations, a noise is generally annoying and may
even be harmful.
EXAMPLES OF BUILDINGS KNOWN FOR
ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT
 BARA IMAMBARA, LUCKNOW

Exterior view Central Hall

•Avery famous and interesting fact associated with
the hall - the acoustics of the hall are such that you
can even hear the strike of a matchstick across the
length of the hall.
This hall houses the graves of both the creator, Asaf-
ud-Daula, and the designer, Kifayat-ullah, of this
monument.
 SYMPHONY HALL, BOSTON

Exterior view

Symphony Hall

Symphony Hall interior

 SYMPHONY HALL, BOSTON

•The Hall is relatively long, narrow, and high, in a

rectangular "shoebox" shape.
•It is 61 feet high, 75 feet wide, and 125 long from
the lower back wall to the front of the stage.
•Stage walls slope inward to help focus the sound.
•With the exception of its wooden floors, the Hall
is built of brick, steel, and plaster, with modest
decoration.
•Side balconies are very shallow to avoid trapping
or muffling sound, and the coffered ceiling and
statue-filled niches along three sides help provide
excellent acoustics to essentially every seat.
 ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS
SOUND ABSORBERS
Acoustical foam panels
White paintable acoustical wall panels
Fabric wrapped panels
Acoustical wall coverings
Ceiling tiles
Baffles and banners for ceiling
Fiber glass blankets and roll

SOUND DIFFUSERS
Quadra pyramid diffuser
Double duty diffuser
Quadratic diffuser
Pyramidal diffuser
SOUND REFLECTORS
Drywall
Marble floors
Glass
 ABSORBANTS

Special materials used on boundary surfaces to

increase absorption are known as absorbents.

Absorbents can be broadly classified as

following :
•Porous materials
•Resonant panels
•Cavity resonators
•Composite types.
 POROUS MATERIALS

Absorption in porous materials is mainly due to

the frictional losses which occur when the
sound waves cause to and fro movement of the
air contained in the material.

Examples :- rock wool, glass silk, wood wool,

curtains and other soft furnishings, drilled fiber
boards and acoustic plasters.
 POROUS MATERIALS

Rock wool Wood wool

Fibre board Acoustic plaster

 RESONANT PANELS
These panels absorb the sound by damping the
sympathetic vibrations in the panels, caused by
sound pressure waves of appropriate frequency,
by means of air space behind the panel.

Resonant chamber
RESONANT PANELS
 CAVITY RESONATORS
These cavity resonators consists of a container or
chamber with a small opening in which
absorption takes place by the resonance of the air
in the container which causes loss of sound
energy.
Cavity resonators can be designed to absorb
sound of any frequency.
These cavity resonators are considered suitable for
sound absorption of a particular frequency, such
as from individual machine, air- conditioning .
 COMPOSITE ABSORBERS
These are a comparatively recent development,
combining the functions of all the above three
absorbents.
It consist of a perforated panel fixed over an air
space containing porous absorbent.

The perforations in the panel should form at least

10% of the total area to allow the porous materials
to absorb sound at higher frequencies.
COMPOSITE ABSORBERS
 ROLE OF SOUND ABSORBERS
•Sound absorbent materials can be used to create a
suitable acoustic environment within a space by
reducing the ‘reverberation time’.

•A long reverberation time can make a room sound

loud and noisy and causes speech to sound
muffled and muddy.

•Rooms designed for speech therefore typically

have a short reverberation time of less than 1
second.
 ACOUSTICAL COMFORT
“ACOUSTICAL
COMFORT” is
achieved when the
workplace provides
appropriate acoustical
support for interaction,
confidentiality, and
concentrative work.
THANK YOU………