‫ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ( ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ‐ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪ –١٣٨۴‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ‬

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‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﮐﺎﻭﺱﻓﺮ‪ ،١‬ﺣﺠﺖ ﻗﺎﺳﻤﻲ‪ ،٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﮐﺮﻳﻤﻲ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ۱۶‬ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺝ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ‪۱۳۴۴۵‐۷۵۴‬‬
‫‪E-mail: Kavousfar_s@yahoo.com‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ‪ ،٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٤‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﺭﻡ ﺟﺖ ‐ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ‐ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ‐ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎ – ﻣﻮﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭﺓ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺥ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻴﺐ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻡﺟﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﺻﻮﺕ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‐۱‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﺳﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐۲‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﺳﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﺳﻲ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ( ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ‐ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪ –١٣٨۴‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺗﻴﻠﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻝ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ‪ ٣‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻡ ﺟﺖ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 0.2‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﮐﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺮ ‪ 4 m‬ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ‬
‫‪ 40 cm‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ‪ T‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪ U ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‪ U e ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﻭ ‪f‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﮐﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ]‪:[٤‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫= ‪m& a‬‬
‫‪(1 + f s )U e − U‬‬
‫‪، f s = 0.1‬‬ ‫‪، T = 12 KN‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫‪ U e = 1695 m / s‬ﻭ ‪ U = 665 m / s‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 10 kg/s‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺰﻭﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ]‪.[١‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١/٨‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ‪ ٢‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٣‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ]‪.[٢‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﻳﺮﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮑﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﭘﻴﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ‪ NACA ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﮑﻞ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺷﮑﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻻﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺩﻫﻪ‬
‫‪ ١٩٤٠‬ﻭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ‪ ١٩٥٠‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ Oswatitsch‬ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺮﻳﮑﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ NACA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺷﮑﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻡﺟﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٩٥٠‬ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺷﮏ‬
‫ﺭﻡﺟﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ‪ BOMARC‬ﻭ ‪TALOS‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﮑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ]‪.[٣‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ‬
‫)ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ( ﻭ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺕ )ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ( ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ‬
‫)ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ( ﻭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬
‫) ‪(١‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ )ﺷﮑﻞ ‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﮏ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﺭﻡﺟﺖ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﺍﻧﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺭﻡ ﺟﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯﻱ ‪ ٢‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ( ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ‐ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪ –١٣٨۴‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ‪ M1‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ‪ ، θs‬ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ١‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻮﮎ ) ‪ ( M1n‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﻙ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ )ﺑﺮﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬
‫‪M 1n = M 1Sinθs‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ(‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ )ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫‪γ‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ‬
‫)‪⎡ γ + 1 2 ⎤ ( γ −1‬‬
‫⎥ ‪M 1n‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﺻﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫‪Pt 2 ⎢ 2‬‬
‫⎢=‬ ‫⎥‬ ‫∗‬
‫⎥ ‪Pt1 ⎢1 + γ − 1 M 2‬‬ ‫)ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫⎣‬ ‫⎦‬
‫‪1n‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫⎡‬ ‫)‪⎤ ( γ −1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫⎢‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎥‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫⎢‬ ‫⎥‬
‫⎥ ‪⎢ 2 γM 1n − γ − 1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﮐﻢ )ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪(١/٥‬‬
‫⎥‪⎢ γ +1 γ +1‬‬
‫⎣‬ ‫⎦‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ‪ ٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﮎ‬
‫‪M 12n +‬‬
‫‪γ −1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫= ‪M 22n‬‬ ‫) ‪(٤‬‬
‫‪2γ‬‬
‫‪M 1n − 1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ ،٢‬ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻭ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫‪γ −1‬‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ]‪ .[٢‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﮎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ‪M 2‬‬
‫)ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ‪ (٢‬ﻭ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ‪ M1n‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٣‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ (٤‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ )ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ( ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺕ )ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪Pt 3 Pt 2 Pt 3‬‬
‫=‬ ‫*‬ ‫) ‪(٥‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Pt1 Pt1 Pt 2‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ٢‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮐﻢ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﻢ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﻙ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻴﻠﺮ‐ ﻣﮏ ﮐﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪:[٥‬‬
‫‪ ،١‬ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ( ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ‐ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪ –١٣٨۴‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ) ‪ ( M 1n‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺿﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪γ −1 ⎡ 2‬‬ ‫⎤ ⎞ ‪⎛ dVr‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫⎜ ‪⎢Vmax − Vr −‬‬ ‫*⎥ ⎟‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫⎢⎣ ‪2‬‬ ‫⎥⎦ ⎠ ‪⎝ dθ‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫⎡‬ ‫‪dVr‬‬ ‫⎤ ‪d 2Vr‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪θ‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪⎢ r dθ‬‬ ‫⎦⎥ ‪dθ2‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪2‬‬‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪Cot‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫⎣‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞ )‪ (٦‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫⎤⎞ ‪dVr ⎡ dVr dVr ⎛ d 2Vr‬‬
‫ﺏ‐ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ)‪ :(cowl lip‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪⎢Vr‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫‪⎟⎥ = 0‬‬
‫‪dθ ⎣ dθ‬‬ ‫⎦⎠⎟ ‪dθ ⎜⎝ dθ2‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫‪ θ‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ‪ Vr ،‬ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪ Vθ ،‬ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ‪Vmax ،‬‬
‫&‪m‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ‪ γ‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬
‫‪Acapture = a‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ρV‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﻙ‬
‫‪Acapture‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫= ‪rcl‬‬ ‫) ‪(٨‬‬ ‫) ‪ ( Vθ‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ‬
‫‪π‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺭﻳﺰ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﮎ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﮎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ‬
‫‪xcl = cl‬‬ ‫) ‪(٩‬‬
‫‪tan θ s‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺕ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﭖ‐ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮐﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٠/٩٩‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬
‫‪dr‬‬
‫)‪( )ch = tan(θ ± µ‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﮎ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫‪dx‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﮎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫‪δ‬‬ ‫‪dr‬‬
‫‪d (θ ± ν ) = ±‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ‬
‫‪M − 1 m cot θ r‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ )ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺳﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ )ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺥ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ )ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ( ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ ١٠‬ﻭ ‪ ،١١‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺳﻲ( ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺭﻳﺰ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ]‪.[٦‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ‬
‫ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻡ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻌﮑﺲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ )ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮﺳﻲ( ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺭﻳﺰ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‐ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﻧﻮﮎ ﺳﻄﺢ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻌﮑﺎﺱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬

‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ( ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ‐ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪ –١٣٨۴‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪γ +1‬‬
‫‪⎛ γ + 1 2 ⎞ 2−2γ‬‬
‫⎟ ‪M‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫⎜ ‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫⎟‬
‫⎟ ‪A* M ⎜ 1 + γ − 1 M 2‬‬
‫⎜‬ ‫⎟‬
‫⎝‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫⎠‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 10kg/s‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 2km‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ‪ 95488.62pa‬ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺁﻥ ‪ 275.16K‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ‪ ،٢‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٤‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ٢‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ x‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﮎ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ‪ r1 ،‬ﻭ ‪ r2‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺰﺝ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Fluent‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ )ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ( ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻲﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ )ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ( ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٦‬ﻭ ‪ ٧‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٨‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٩‬ﻭ ‪ ١٠‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺷﮑﻞ ‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺳﻲ‬
‫)ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ( ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ‪ M‬ﺗﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ‪١‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ]‪:[٥‬‬
‫‪γ + 1 −1 γ + 1 2‬‬
‫=‪ν‬‬ ‫‪tan‬‬ ‫‪( M − 1) −‬‬
‫‪γ −1‬‬ ‫‪γ −1‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪tan −1 M 2 − 1‬‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺿﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ‪ θ‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪) [٧‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(١‬ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺷﻚ ﻭ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ]‪.[٨‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ( ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ‐ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪ –١٣٨۴‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪J., Seddon, and E.L., Goldsmith, Intake‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ‬
‫‪Aerodynamics, Collins, 1985‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٢‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ‬
‫‪3. A.N., Thomas Jr, “Inlets” , Tactical‬‬
‫‪Missile Aerodynamics, AIAA Tactical‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫‪Missile Series, Vol. 141, 1992‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﮐﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺝ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻇﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺘﻴﮏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﺭﻳﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺷﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﻡ ﺟﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮑﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ )‪ ١/٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ )ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ‪،(١‐٢‐٦‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢﭘﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ‪١٣٨٢‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫‪5. John D., Anderson, Jr., Modern‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﮐﻤﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Compressible Flow, McGraw-Hill,‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺫﮐﺮ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪1982‬‬
‫‪6. M.J., Zucrow, and J.D., Hoffman, Gas‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻳﮏ‬
‫‪Dynamics, Vol. 2, Wiley, 1976‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﻮﮎ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ‬
‫‪7. "Performance‬‬ ‫‪Characterstics‬‬ ‫‪of‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫‪Axisymmetric‬‬ ‫‪Two-cone‬‬ ‫‪and‬‬
‫‪Isentropic Nose Inlets at Mach Number‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1.90",NACA RM E55F29,1955‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫‪8. John J., Mahoney, Inlets for Supersonic‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫‪Missiles, AIAA Education series, TL‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﻧﻮﮎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ‬
‫‪709.3R3M34, 1990‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ – ١‬ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﮐﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪x (cm‬‬ ‫)‪r1 (cm‬‬ ‫)‪x (cm‬‬ ‫)‪r2 (cm‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪5.799‬‬ ‫‪6.292‬‬
‫‪6.563‬‬
‫‪8.242‬‬
‫‪3.698‬‬
‫‪4.491‬‬
‫‪7.632‬‬
‫‪9.479‬‬
‫‪6.803‬‬
‫‪7.262‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪9.974‬‬ ‫‪5.142‬‬ ‫‪11.339‬‬ ‫‪7.668‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫‪11.742‬‬ ‫‪5.686‬‬ ‫‪13.209‬‬ ‫‪8.021‬‬
‫‪13.535‬‬ ‫‪6.142‬‬ ‫‪15.089‬‬ ‫‪8.320‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫‪15.349‬‬ ‫‪6.518‬‬ ‫‪16.976‬‬ ‫‪8.564‬‬
‫‪17.177‬‬ ‫‪6.820‬‬ ‫‪18.870‬‬ ‫‪8.755‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫‪19.016‬‬ ‫‪7.052‬‬ ‫‪20.768‬‬ ‫‪8.891‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪20.864‬‬ ‫‪7.217‬‬ ‫‪22.670‬‬ ‫‪8.973‬‬
‫‪22.717‬‬ ‫‪7.315‬‬ ‫‪24.573‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬
‫‪24.573‬‬ ‫‪7.348‬‬ ‫‪29.115‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬
‫‪29.115‬‬ ‫‪7.233‬‬ ‫‪33.658‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫‪33.658‬‬ ‫‪7.073‬‬ ‫‪38.201‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫‪38.201‬‬ ‫‪6.869‬‬ ‫‪42.744‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬
‫‪42.744‬‬ ‫‪6.618‬‬ ‫‪47.286‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ‬
‫‪47.286‬‬ ‫‪6.316‬‬ ‫‪51.829‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬
‫‪51.829‬‬ ‫‪5.959‬‬ ‫‪56.372‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺎﺱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﻓﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬
‫‪56.372‬‬ ‫‪5.540‬‬ ‫‪60.915‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪60.915‬‬ ‫‪5.046‬‬ ‫‪65.457‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬
‫‪65.457‬‬ ‫‪4.459‬‬ ‫‪70.000‬‬ ‫‪9.000‬‬
‫‪70.000‬‬ ‫‪3.745‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ – ٢‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻉ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻒ‪ ،.‬ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺭﺟﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻧﺸﺮ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪١٣٨٠ ،‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ( ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ‐ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪ –١٣٨۴‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫‪٠/٩٨٨‬‬ ‫‪١/٠‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ‬
‫‪١/٤٢٩‬‬ ‫‪١/٣٨٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﻙ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫‪١/٢٦٤‬‬ ‫‪١/٢٧٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫‪٠/٧٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٧٧٩‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﻙ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫‪٠/٩٠٥٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩١٧٣‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻞ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ‐٣‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ‐١‬ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ‐٤‬ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ‐٢‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﮏ ﻭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ‐٥‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬

‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ( ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ‐ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪ –١٣٨۴‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ‐٦‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ‐٩‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ‐١٠‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ‐٧‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ‐٨‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻳﺰﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻚ‬

‫‪٨‬‬