Chapter 16

• The Cytoskeleton
Figure 16-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Fig 16-4
Panel 16-1 ACTIN
Panel 16-1 MICROTUBULES
Panel 16-1 INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
Accessory Proteins

Actin & muscle contraction

Cytoskeleton is very Dynamic
Figure 16-7 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Fig 16-5
Fig 16-5
Fig 16-13
Fig 16-13
 ACTIN subunit

Fig 16-11
 +end

-end
 Microtubule subunit

Fig 16-42
Fig 16-44
 GTP-cap stabilizing a GDP-bound subunits
microtubule (filaments produce curve & loss
are straighter) of lateral bonds

Figure 16-16c Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Fig 16-44
Fig 16-2
 Dynamic Instability

Fig 16-44
Intermediate Filamements (many different types)

Fig 16-67
 Keratin in epithelia
(cells connect via
desmosomes)

Figure 16-20 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Fig 16-69
 Accessory Proteins

Figure 16-18 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Panel 16-3
Panel 16-4
 Nucleation

Fig 16-47
 Astral conformation

Fig 16-47
Fig 16-47
Fig 16-46
Fig 16-46
Fig 16-46
 Actin nucleates near the PM

Fig 16-16
Fig 16-16
Fig 16-16
Fig 16-16
Thymosin
Fig 16-15
Figure 16-37 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Phosphorylated
strathmin can’t bind
Fig 16-54
Tropomyosin

Actin in muscle
 Less dynamic MTs
in axons

Figure 16-40 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

 Cofilin  brittle filaments

Fig 16-20
Catastrophin bends protofilaments

Fig 16-52
 actin binding site

Fig 16-20
Fig 16-23
Figure 16-50a Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
Fig 16-24
Fig 16-51
Gelsolin severs actin filaments
Platelet activation
 Katanin severs MTs

Fig 16-55
 Actin motor: MYOSIN

Fig 16-26
Fig 16-28
Fig 16-28
 Many MYOSINS
Similar Motors - Diverse C-termini ( different cargo)

Fig 16-40
Fig 16-56
 Traffic of membrane enclosed organelles (on MTs)

+ +
+
-end motors (e.g. dyneins)
+
+
+end motors (e.g. kinesins)
+
+ +

+ +

+
+

+ +
+ +
+
+
Fig 16-60
Fig 16-29
Fig 16-29
 Muscle Contraction myofibril

Skeletal
Muscle
Cell

Fig 16-31
 myofibril

Fig 16-32
Fig 16-32
 RELAXED

Z disc binds +end of actin

Actin –end overlaps with myosin

CONTRACTED

Fig 16-32
 +
+

Fig 16-27
Fig 16-27
Fig 16-34
 Muscle contraction

+ +
 -actinin myosin actin

Fig 16-33
coordination

myofibril
Neuro-muscular junction
 Increased cytosolic calcium levels induce contraction

Fig 16-35
Fig 16-35
 calcium allows myosin to bind actin

Fig 16-36
Figure 16-78b Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
 Ca2+ binds Troponin C

Actin & muscle contraction