Safety Manual 31 10 2002 Well Testing and Evaluation PDF

Delta-P Test Corp.
Safety Handbook
Remember:
The contents of this handbook were not

intended to make your life difficult or to
increase your paperwork.
This book is designed to keep you and

your co-workers safe.
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C:\My Documents\Delta-P\Safety Programme\Safety Manual.doc
Delta-P Test Corp. Safety Handbook
1.0 Corporate Safety Policy....................................................................... 3

2.0 Petroleum Industry Guiding Principles for Worker Safety ............... 4
3.0 Introduction .......................................................................................... 5
4.0 Safety Responsibilities........................................................................ 6
4.1 Operating Company’s Responsibilities .................................................. 6
4.2 Management’s Responsibilities.............................................................. 6
4.3 Tester’s Responsibilities ........................................................................ 7
5.0 Hazard Identification............................................................................ 9
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 9
5.2 Types of Inspections .............................................................................. 9
5.2.1 Vehicle Inspections ......................................................................... 9
5.2.2 Site Inspections ............................................................................ 10
5.3 Hazard Control..................................................................................... 10
5.4 Hazard Reporting................................................................................. 10
5.5 Implementation of Hazard Identification and Control ........................... 11
5.6 Hazard Control through Maintenance .................................................. 12
6.0 Rules and Work Procedures ............................................................. 13
6.1 General Safety Rules ....................................................................... 13
6.2 Personal Protective Equipment ........................................................ 14
6.3 Vehicles and Driving......................................................................... 15
6.4 Fire Prevention and Protection ......................................................... 16
6.5 Hazardous Materials......................................................................... 18
6.6 Equipment and Operations............................................................... 20
6.7 Testing Specific Rules ...................................................................... 24
6.8 Working Alone .................................................................................. 24
7.0 Communication.................................................................................. 25
7.1 General..................................................................................................... 25
7.2 Pre-Job Safety Meetings .......................................................................... 25
7.3 General Safety Meeting ............................................................................ 25
8.0 Training and Orientation ................................................................... 27
Appendix A: Inspection Sheets....................................................................... 29
Appendix B: Hazard Identification Report and Incident Report. .................. 30
Appendix C: Hazard Management .................................................................. 31
Appendix D: Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)
........................................................................................................................... 35
Appendix E: Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG). ............................ 36
Appendix F: Industry Recommended Practices: Drill Stem Testing. .......... 37
Appendix G: Working Alone............................................................................ 38
Appendix H: Safety Meeting Forms ................................................................ 39
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1.0 Corporate Safety Policy

1. The health and safety of employees, contractors, and sub-contractors are
paramount in the conduct of our business.
2. Risks present in all operations must be managed to prevent injury and sickness,
through proper work planning and organizing, hazard identification, hazard
control, and accident investigation.
3. Management is responsible and accountable for providing a safe working

environment and fostering safe working attitudes.
4. Management is responsible for establishing safety rules and procedures, as well

as providing proper training and to ensure that everyone understands their
responsibilities.
5. All employees, contractors, and sub-contractors must comply with all health and
safety policies and follow all established rules and procedures at all times.
6. Company rules and procedures meet applicable laws, regulations, industry

standards, and client requirements.
7. It is the responsibility of employees, contractors, and sub-contractors to work in a

manner that ensures their personal safety as well as the safety of their fellow
workers.
8. It is the responsibility of management, employees, contractors, and sub-

contractors to support, participate in, and enhance the safety program and
communicate ideas to improve, and ultimately, achieve excellence in health and
safety.
9. Everyone has the right and responsibility to refuse to do work when unsafe
conditions exist.
10. By fulfilling our safety responsibilities, everyone who works for Delta P Test Corp.
will share the benefits of a safe work environment.
President and CEO Date
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2.0 Petroleum Industry Guiding Principles for Worker

Safety
There are two copies of the Petroleum Guiding Principles for Worker Safety included in
this manual. One is on the following page; the other is laminated and loose. Please
display the laminated copy (prominently) in your test unit.
There is a laminated copy of Delta-P’s Corporate Safety Policy. Please display the
laminated copy (prominently) in your test unit.
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Petroleum Industry Guiding Principles
For Worker Safety
We, the members of the petroleum industry, have a responsibility to protect all workers engaged in its
activities from personal injury and health hazards. To meet our responsibility we will operate under the
following guiding principles:
RESPONSIBILITY
The operating company, when acting as prime contractor, is responsible for coordination and general
supervision of all activities at the work site, including activities carried out by contractors, sub-
contractors, service companies and suppliers. While all parties have a responsibility to promote
worker safety, the operating company recognizes its leadership role in promoting worker health and
safety on the basis that it has the greatest power to influence work site situations. It is the
responsibility of workers and employers to refuse to perform unsafe work practices.
PRIORITY
Activities will be conducted on the basis that safety of all personnel is of vital importance, whether
those personnel are employed by an operating company, a contractor, a sub-contractor, a service
company or a supplier.
RECOGNITION
The process of selecting contractors, sub-contractors, service companies and suppliers, and the
administration of contracts, will include recognition and support of good safety performance. Support
and recognition based on good safety performance will also be provided by all employers to their
employees.
IMPROVEMENT
The operating company, in cooperation with service companies within the industry, will promote
methods and practices that have potential for improving safety performance.
Chairman of the Board Chairman of the Board

Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers Canadian Association of Geophysical Contractors

Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors Petroleum Services Association of Canada

Canadian Energy Pipeline Association Small Explorers and Producers Association of Canada
Chief Executive Officer Chief Operating Officer
Company Name Company Name
October 2000
3.0 Introduction
Delta-P Test Corp. is sincerely concerned about the safety of its employees, contractors,
and sub-contractors. It is the company policy to provide a safe working environment.
This manual was designed to provide everyone working for Delta-P Test Corp. with the
tools to ensure that they can work safely.
Everyone must follow the safety procedures outlined in this manual and all applicable
government regulations while working for Delta-P Test Corp.
Testing, by the very nature of the work, is diverse and demanding. Working
environments and condition are always changing – as such; rules cannot be established
to cover all situations and scenarios. It is mandatory that good judgment and common
sense prevail in all testing and traveling situations. Be alert and do not take chances.
If the job can’t be done safely, it shouldn’t be done at all.
T.B. Bratrud, P.Eng.

Chief Engineer
Delta-P Test Corp.
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4.0 Safety Responsibilities
It is the responsibility of every employee, contractor, or sub-contractor or operating

company (client) to meet the goals of Delta P’s corporate Safety Policy. To this end, the
general safety responsibilities of each person involved in the work have been identified.
It should be noted that due to the diverse nature of well testing, these lists should be
used as guidelines for determining safe work, but safe work is not limited to the
responsibilities contained on these lists. Common sense must prevail at all times and
safety must be the paramount condition in all testing and traveling circumstances.
4.1 Operating Company’s Responsibilities
The operating Company’s Responsibilities are:
• Insist on safe performance throughout operations by ensuring contractors and

employees are competent to do their work properly.
• Have an effective safety program.
• Ensure the safety program and operations comply with contractual and
regulatory requirements.
• Ensure contractors and employees know the operating company’s expectations.
• Provide sufficient time for contractors and employees to perform their jobs safely.
• Hire for employees and contractors only individuals who have good safety
records.
4.2 Management’s Responsibilities
Management’s responsibilities are:
• Insist on performance and behavior that meet the standards of the company’s
safety program.
• Encourage employee involvement in safety by demonstrating management’s

commitment to safety.
• Ensuring company, contractor, and testing operations comply with government

safety requirements.
• Ensuring accidents and incidents are reported and investigated and corrective
actions are taken.
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• Ensuring that testers are adequately qualified to perform their work.
• Ensuring that training needs are identified and met.
• Ensure that testers, contractors, and sub-contractors know what is expected of

them.
• Ensure that testers, contractors, and sub-contractors understand the proper

reporting procedures for accidents and incidents.
• Conduct investigations, using outside specialists if required, of all accidents and

incidents. Record all findings and take appropriate measures.
• Establish equipment inspection and maintenance procedures and schedules.
• Conduct safety meetings and record minutes; circulate and post meeting
minutes.
4.3 Tester’s Responsibilities
A tester’s responsibilities are:
• Operate only the equipment and carry out tasks for which they have been
adequately trained.
• Properly use Personal Protective Equipment.
• Abide by all government regulations, company policies (Delta-P and Client),

procedures and standards pertaining to testing.
• Refuse to work under conditions or perform tasks for which they are not
adequately trained or prepared.
• Be thoroughly familiar with the company safety program.
• Report potential hazards to the Operating Company and the Drilling Contractor.
Identified hazards should also be recorded and passed on to management.
• Immediately report all accidents and incidents management.
• Participate in the development and improvement of the safety program.
• Know the location, type and operation of all emergency equipment on board
testing units.
• Participate in on-site safety meetings and orientations held by Operating

Companies or Drilling Contractors.
• Immediately correct unsafe conditions in test units.
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• Inform Rig Crews of all known hazards prior to testing and measures for dealing
with the hazards.
• Inspect worksites for hazardous conditions and compliance with regulatory and
Operating Company requirements.
• Properly maintain testing vehicles and test equipment to minimize operating

hazards.
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5.0 Hazard Identification
5.1 Introduction
The Oilfield can is a dangerous place. Hazards exist on every drilling rig and lease.
Every Drill Stem Test has potential hazards. Hazards are conditions that exist in every
workplace.
A HAZARD is a condition that, if not properly identified and mitigated, could lead to an
incident, near miss, injury or accident.
It is critical that hazards be identified BEFORE they can evolve or cause an incident.
The best method for identifying hazards in the workplace is INSPECTION.
INSPECTIONS are visual reconnaissance of a worksite with the intent of identifying
hazards.
5.2 Types of Inspections
5.2.1 Vehicle Inspections

Drill Stem testing can be broken into two segments: Travel to/from the jobsite and testing
on the jobsite. Due to significant amount of hours that are spent driving, road, travel and
vehicle related hazards pose a threat to the safety of the tester. It is essential that
vehicles be inspected on a regular basis to minimize the incident potential.
Three different inspection checklists have been included in Appendix A:
• Quick Visual Reviews
• Detailed Visual Review
• Documented Vehicle Inspection
The Quick Visual Review should be performed prior to every trip with the test vehicle. It
consists of vehicle walk around to ensure that all tires are inflated, running lights are
functioning, that there are no obstructions around the tires, exhaust pipes are free of
clogs, and that all equipment bay door are secured. As part of the visual review, the
driver should ask himself two questions: Am I in the proper condition to operate this
vehicle in a safe and responsible manner? And What changes to my driving style will I
have to make to properly accommodate the prevailing weather conditions.
The Detailed Visual Review should be performed while the vehicle is stopped for
refueling. It consists of fluid level checks in addition to tire pressure checks.
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The Documented Vehicle Inspection is to be performed every 5000km. This is a
documented review of the vehicle’s operations and condition. A copy of the review is to
be forwarded to the head office for review and filing.
If a condition is identified as a potential hazard during an inspection, it must be repaired

prior to travel to the jobsite.
5.2.2 Site Inspections
Due to the diverse nature of drill stem testing, there are a continually changing range,
number, and risk level of hazards. It is critical that every drilling site, rig, and rig crew, be
inspected prior to engaging in testing operations.
Site hazards can take many forms: trip hazards, slippery stairways, overhead wires,
lifting loads, etc. Most of these hazards can be avoided – but avoiding a hazard can
only occur if the hazard is recognized. These hazards do not have to be documented in
any uniform fashion; however, a checklist has been provided to assist in identifying on-
site hazards. See Appendix B for a copy of the Site Inspection Checklist.
Some hazards, however, cannot be avoided and some other action must be taken to
correct the hazard. If this is the case, the hazard should be identified to the Tool Push.
If no action is taken, the hazard should be identified to the Site Engineer/Consultant. If
there is still no action to mitigate the hazard, a hazard identification form and risk
assessment form should be filled out and kept on file. Submit a copy of this form by
email as soon as possible. See Appendix B for a copy of the Hazard Identification
Report.
5.3 Hazard Control
After an inspection is complete, it is necessary to control any hazards that have been
identified. There are three steps in hazard control:
• Identify and determine what needs to be done to control/remove the hazard.
• Identify and determine what needs to be done to remove the hazard.
• Establish a time to perform the hazard control.
See Appendix C for more information on Hazard Identification, Hazard Control, and
Hazard Management.
5.4 Hazard Reporting
After an inspection is complete, sometimes it is necessary to report the hazard to

someone other than yourself. A form for hazard reporting has been included in
Appendix B.
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Most of the time, when a hazard has been identified, it can be corrected by verbal
communication with the rig crew, Tool Push, or Company Engineer. However, if this not
the case, a document may be required to properly record the hazard. These reports will
be sent into the Delta-P head office for filing.
5.5 Implementation of Hazard Identification and Control
The preceding sections on hazard identification, control and reporting may seem like a
great deal of work. This is not the case. Once you become familiar with the inspection
sheets, they will become an asset to you. Not only will they help keep you safe, but they
will also reduce vehicle breakdowns.
In order to assist you with the understanding of Hazard Identification and Control, a few
examples follow for you to read:
Example #1
Inspection: Vehicle Detailed Visual Review.
Hazard: Low oil level.
- A hazard has been identified by visual inspection. It should be controlled.
What needs to be done to remove hazard? Add oil to engine.
Who needs to do it? You. (Or the station attendant, if available)
When? Now.
Note that the “when” question is open to discussion. The truck may be scheduled for an
oil change the next day, adding a quart of oil is just a waste of money. In this case, the
low oil level hazard is a low risk level. However, the oil level may be low and oil was just
added on the previous fuel stop. In this situation, the action taken may be more than
adding oil – a service stop may be required. If this is the case the “who” changes to a
serviceman and the “when” question becomes more important.
Example #2
Inspection: Site Inspection Checklist.
Hazard: Logging Truck has Gamma Ray source on lease.
- A hazard has been identified with an inspection checklist.
What needs to be done to remove the hazard? Wait for the logger to complete his task
Who needs to do it? The logging operator
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When? Upon completion of logging rig-out operations.
Note that in this case the “who” is someone other than you. If this is case, it is often
necessary to avoid the hazard – i.e. stay away until the hazard is removed. This is also
the case with excavations, overhead cables and other physical hazards. If they cannot
be removed, they may be avoided. This is another reason for having inspections: you
cannot avoid what you cannot identify!
5.6 Hazard Control through Maintenance

Hazards can be controlled by regular maintenance schedules performed on all tools.
Refer to Appendix A for a copy of the DST Tool Maintenance form.
All DST tools must be serviced as soon as possible after a test.
After servicing, a Maintenance form must be filled out to record the details of the service
procedures.
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6.0 Rules and Work Procedures
6.1 General Safety Rules
Smoking
No Smoking signs on each worksite must be obeyed. Smoking is permitted in
designated locations approved.
Drugs and Alcohol
The use of drugs and alcohol on any worksite where Delta-P is operating is
strictly prohibited. Tester found to be under the influence of alcohol or illegal
drugs while working for Delta-P will be asked to leave the operating company
worksite.
Prescription medications that may interfere with the safe execution of testing
operations should brought to the attention of Management for review.
Security
All Thefts, burglaries and acts of vandalism must be reported to Management.
Trucks and equipment should be locked at all times.
Housekeeping
Good housekeeping is a basic part of accident prevention. Clean test units and
worksites encourage pride in the job and prevent hazards that lead to incidents.
All work areas and shop spaces must be kept clean and free of obstructions.
Tools, grease, and other materials left lying around can create tripping or slipping
hazards.
To prevent spills or accumulations of hazardous substances, leaks (vehicle or
equipment) must be repaired as soon as possible.
Spilled toxic materials must be cleaned up immediately. Refer to the Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) (found in the doghouse, Engineer’s shack, or Tool
Push’s shack) for the correct method.
Every worksite must be cleaned up at the end of each shift or at the conclusion of
the job.
All refuse must be disposed of in appropriate containers. Remember: if you are
disposing of test data, do so in a manner that obscures the information
(shredding or burning) contained on the paper.
Emergency Response Plans.
Every drilling rig and Operating Company will have detailed Emergency
Response Plans (ERP) for every location. Testers must become familiar with the
All testers must become familiar with the specific EPR for each test location.
In the event of an emergency, Delta-P testers are required to follow the
instructions of the Operating Company Representative.
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Delta-P Testers should also render support to secure the wellbore as necessary
(i.e. shut-in hydraulic tool, shut-in test head, close manifold).
Facial & Head Hair
Head hair must be off the collar and above the ear.
Facial hair must NOT be longer than 1 day of growth. Beards, goatees and
manchurians are not permitted.
Accidents, Incidents, and Injuries
Al accidents, incidents, injuries, and near-misses that occur while operating for,
or traveling to, a Delta-P jobsite must be reported to Management as soon as
possible after they occur.
First Aid
All testers must hold valid first aid certificates and ensure that appropriate kits are
supplied to each test unit.
Additionally, testers should become familiar with the use and locations of
emergency eye wash stations, emergency showers, and first aid facilities at each
test.
6.2 Personal Protective Equipment

Hard Hats
Hard hats approved by the CSA (CAN/CSA Z94.1-92) must be worn at all times
while on a drilling lease. The hat suspension must be properly adjusted to
provide the proper protection. Only hard hats recognized by the CSA under the
applicable standard will be acceptable.
Hard hats do not have to be worn while in the cab, sleeper, or telemetry section
of a test truck.
Footwear
Hard toed boots approved by the CSA (CAN/CSA Z195-M92) must be worn at all
times while outside the test vehicle on a drilling lease.
Clothing
During testing, work clothing outer garments of fire retardant material must be
worn. NOMEXIII or Proban are acceptable materials for outer garments.
Nylon or other static electricity producing materials must not be worn at any time
on a drilling lease.
Cotton or wool should be worn under the fire-retardant outer layer so that it does
not melt to the skin in the event of a flash fire.
Gloves
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Gloves must be worn appropriate to the work being done and the nature of the
hazard involved. For example, rubber or neoprene gloves should be worn for the
handling of well fluids and cotton or leather gloves should be worn while handling
test tools.
Eye and Face Protection
Eye protection must be worn at all times when outside of the test vehicle. The
eyewear must meet or exceed the appropriate CSA standard (CAN/CSA-Z94.3-
92).
Hearing Protection
Hearing protection must be worn in posted areas or where noise levels exceed
the Provincial or Federal Government Regulations.
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
SCBA must be worn in areas where H2S concentrations exceed 10ppm and
when the O2 concentration level in the air is below 18%.
6.3 Vehicles and Driving

Inspections
Vehicles must be inspected as per the guidelines documented in 5.2.1 – Vehicle

inspections.
Accidents
All vehicle accidents must be reported.
Defensive Driving
All testers must:
• Hold a valid operator’s license of a class appropriate to the vehicle

that they operate.
• Comply with the rules of the road as outlined by the appropriate

provincial or territorial jurisdiction.
• Exercise courtesy in their driving habits.
• Remain alert and try to anticipate road conditions and action of other
drivers.
• Drive in a manner appropriate to the conditions of the road.
• Ensure all loads are properly secured and that all cargo/stowage
doors are closed and locked.
• Use seat belts.
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• Employ a guide when backing up if in an area where obstructions,
hazards, or personnel, cannot be readily identified by the side-view
mirrors.
Winter Driving
Additional caution must be exercised under winter driving conditions:
• Avoid sudden changes of speed of direction when driving on icy or

snow-covered roads to reduce the possibility of skidding.
• Leave extra distance between the test vehicle and any vehicle in front
of it. Stopping on ice can take eight times the distance as required on
dry pavement.
• Carry suitable warm clothing and emergency equipment and supplies

for protection in the event travel is halted by mechanical breakdown or
extreme weather.
• Clear snow and ice from the hood and top of vehicle and all windows
prior to driving.
• Obey signs warning of slippery sections or icy bridges.
6.4 Fire Prevention and Protection

General
The best method for fighting a fire is to prevent it starting in the first place.
The following components are required for a fire to ignite and undergo
combustion:
1. Fuel (in the form of a vapor or liquid)
2. Oxygen (in the atmosphere, typically)
3. Heat (temperatures high enough to ignite the fuel/air mixture. Note that
exposure to temperatures can be VERY brief for ignition i.e. a static
electric spark.)
The removal of any one of these three components will prevent a fire or cause a
fire to be extinguished. However, control of #1 and #2 are the easiest sources to
control.
To prevent fires, tester should:
• Always follow safe work practices when handling flammable or

explosive materials.
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• Store oily rags, waste materials, paper and combustible materials in
metal containers with lids and empty containers regularly.
• Avoid overloading electrical outlets.
Classification of Fires
Fires can be grouped into the following classifications:
CLASS “A”: Fires in ordinary materials: wood, paper, rags, rubbish, etc.
CLASS “B”: Fires in petroleum products: oil, grease, and paint.
CLASS “C”: Fires in live electrical equipment.
CLASS “D”: Combustible metal fires: magnesium, sodium, cesium, etc.
Fire Extinguishers
Each test vehicle must be equipped with a dry-chemical ABC rated fire
extinguisher.
Shops spaces must be equipped with a dry-chemical ABC rated fire extinguisher.
Access to fire-fighting equipment must never be blocked by any material or

equipment.
All fire fighting equipment must be inspected at least monthly to ensure it is in

place, accessible, and fully charges.
Discharged fire extinguishers must be immediately replace with fully charged

units.
Operation of Fire Extinguisher
Following is a stepwise procedure for operating fire extinguishers:
• Break the seal holding pin in place. Remove hose (if equipped)
• Remove pin. Depress cartridge lever to charge the extinguisher (if

equipped)
• Point nozzle in safe direction (away from face and body) and give the
operating handle a quick squeeze to verify operation.
• Approach fire from the upwind side (wind at your back).
• Engage the fire from a distance of 3 meters (10 feet).
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• Direct the stream from the extinguisher towards the base of the fire.
Use a rapid sweeping motion (side to side) to blanket the base of the
fire with chemical.
• Use the full stream – do not throttle the extinguisher.
• If the extinguisher is not sufficient to kill the flame, back away from the
area. NEVER TURN YOUR BACK ON A FIRE!
Care of Extinguisher
Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions with respect to the care and
inspection of the extinguishers.
Fire extinguishers must be inspected once per month to ensure operational

reliability (i.e. seals must be in place, nozzle unobstructed, access to unit).
6.5 Hazardous Materials
Before undertaking any work involving handling or exposure to any hazardous

material workers must unsure:
• They are aware of the hazards and take appropriate precautions.
• Approved PPE is used.
• Adequate ventilation is in place.
• Approved fire protection is in place (if required).
• First aid supplies and facilities are readily available.
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)
Workers must review the WHMIS documentation (Appendix D).
Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG)
Workers must review the TDG literature in Appendix E.
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
Hydrogen sulphide gas is a killer. An extremely toxic, colorless and flammable

gas occurs naturally as a by-product of organic decay. It is particularly prevalent
in the petroleum industry as a component of produced oil and natural gas. It is
imperative that every tester be aware of its physical properties, recognize its
hazards, and know how to avoid exposure to it.
The physical properties of H2S are:
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• Color colorless
• Odor offensive – similar to rotten eggs at low ppm
• Vapor Density SG = 1.189. Heavier than air
• Explosive limits 4.3% to 46.0% by volume in air.
• Flammability auto ignition point = 260 deg. C (burns readily)
• Solubility readily soluble in water and oil.
• Boiling Point -60 deg. C. Usually a gas.
Three levels of Occupational Exposure Limits have been established to protect

workers from the toxic effects of H2S:
• 10 ppm Time Weighted Average (TWA) – the maximum exposure for an

eight hour workday.
• 15 ppm Short-Term Exposure Level (STEL) – acceptable for no more than

15 minutes.
• 20 ppm Ceiling Exposure Level (Ce) – no one shall be exposed to H2S

levels above 20ppm no matter how brief the duration.
Various concentrations of H2S and the toxic effect that can be expected on the
body are listed below:
• 1 ppm Can be smelled.
• 10 ppm eight hour OEL.
• 15 ppm 15-min. OEL
• 20 ppm Ceiling OEL
• 100 ppm loss of smell in 2-15 min. Burning in throat, headache and
nausea.
• 200 ppm rapid loss of smell, burning in eyes and throat.
• 500 ppm loss of reasoning and balance, respiratory upset in 2-15min.

Prompt resuscitation required.
• 1000 ppm immediate unconsciousness, death or permanent brain damage

will result without prompt resuscitation.
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H2S content is also sometimes expressed as a total percentage of the air. The
difference between parts per million (ppm) and percentage scales is significant.
One ppm of H2S is a low concentration and (relatively) safe to be exposed to,
however one percent H2S is lethal.
If any H2S release occurs, testers must:
• Immediately leave the area in an upwind direction
• Sound an alarm
• Don SCBA
• Rescue victim(s) if it safe to do so
• Secure well bore.
• Revive victim(s). If using CPR, do not inhale the victim’s exhalation!
• Get medical aid
• Alert Operating Company Emergency Services.
Testers must maintain a valid H2S alive certificate.
6.6 Equipment and Operations

Compressed Air Cylinders
Compressed gas cylinders are filled to a very high pressure and must be handled
carefully to prevent rupture. When handling gas cylinders, testers must:
• Assume the cylinders are full.
• When handling cylinders, remove regulators and replace caps to

protect valves.
• Prevent cylinders from bumping together during transport.
• Refrain from rolling, dropping, or throwing cylinders.
• Keep oxygen cylinders away from oil or grease.
• Ensure that the proper regulator, designed for the contents of the
cylinder, and appropriate for the pressure rating of the cylinder, is
installed.
• Do not interchange regulators for different gasses.
19/06/01 20
• When storing gas cylinders, chain or strap secure them in an upright
position.
• Do not store cylinders in areas where the heat may exceed 55 deg. C.
Electrical Safety
Testers must maintain the following minimum distances between a power-line

and themselves and test equipment.
Safe Limits of Approach from Powerlines
Jurisdiction Voltage (line to ground) Distance
0-750 V Insulated of Polyethylene

Alberta 300mm
Covered Conductor.
Above 750 V Insulated Conductor 1.0m
0-40 kV 3.0m
69kV, 72kV 3.5m
138kV, 144kV 4.0m
230kV, 240kV 5.0m
500kV 7.0m
British Columbia/ Sask. Over 750V to 75 kV 3.0m
Over 75kV to 250 kV 4.5m
Over 20kV to 550 kV 6.0m
Federal (CLC) Up to 50kV 3.0m
50 kV to 120 kV 4.5m
120 kV-250 kV 6.0m
250kV – 350 kV 7.5m
Over 350 kV 9.0m
Hand Tools
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All hand tools must be maintained in safe working condition. Before using any
tool, testers must ensure that they know how to properly use the tool. They must
also ensure that the tools used are the proper one for the job.
Tools must be carried and handled properly to prevent injury to the user of the
tool and other workers. Sharp or pointed tools should not be carried loosely or in
the pockets or clothing.
Air Tools
When working with air tools, workers must ensure proper connections are made
to the air supply. The air supply should always be shut off by the appropriate
shut-off valve and never by the act of bending of kinking the hose.
When an air tool is not in use, air supply must be shut off. Pressure in its hose
must be relieved before the hose is disconnected from the air supply.
Oxygen and other bottled gasses must never be used to operate air tools.
High-Pressure Connections
The pressure in high-pressure connections must be bled off before threaded or

flanged connections are tightened. No connection, threaded or flanged, may be
tightened under pressure.
Hoisting and Winching Equipment
Hoisting equipment must be operated according to these guidelines:

• Where signals are required, only one person must give signals and
that person must have received signaling instructions. The signaler
must remain in view of the hoist or winch operator.
• When operating hoisting equipment, the worker must maintain the
minimum powerline clearances in the above chart.
• Hoisting equipment must not be subjected to loads in excess of the
rated capacity of the hoist.
• All hoisting equipment must be inspected before use. Excessively
worn or damaged equipment components must be replaced before
use.
• All hooks on hoisting equipment must be equipped with safety latches.
• Testers must not stand or pass under suspended loads. If a
suspended load must be positioned, tag lines must be used.
• Workers must not ride on the hoisting apparatus or on suspended
loads.
• Workers must not work or position themselves under raised loads
such as vehicles or trailers unless the load is supported by a vehicle
19/06/01 22
hoist or adequate stands or blocks. Jacks DO NOT provide adequate
protection by themselves.
• Ropes and cables under tension must be avoided by ground workers.
• Gloves must be worn by anyone handling ropes or cables. Ropes
and cables should not be allowed to slide through the handler’s
hands. A hand-over-hand technique should be used to slacken the
line.
Hydrates
Natural gas hydrates are solid compounds formed by natural gas and water.
Some light hydrocarbons will form hydrates under pressure at temperatures
above 0 deg. C. These hydrates form as crystals and look like snow. In pipe,
they can pack solidly to form a restriction resulting in partial or complete flow
blockages.
Hydrates pose a real threat to people and equipment. If proper procedures are
not used to remove hydrates from pipes, a potential pressure release could
result.
If hydrates are suspected to form a blockage in a pipe segment, the segment
must be isolated by closing valves. If possible, the pipe should be re-charged to
the original pressure prior to the initial bleed-down. After isolation is complete,
the pipe segment should be steamed until the entire pipe length is heated to
above 30 deg. C for a period not less than 15 minutes. After the pipe has been
heated for 15 minutes, another bleed-down attempt may be made.
If the pipe is still blocked, increase the temperature to 40 deg. C and
the duration time to 20 min. Continue to bleed-down and heat in cycles until the
blockage is released.
Manual Handling and Lifting

Whenever manually handling or lifting materials at all worksites, testers must:
• Wear appropriate gloves.
• Obtain help from rig-crews when lifting heavy or bulky objects.
• Lift with the leg muscles, not the back.
• Remove slivers, nails, or sharp ends before handling.
• Maintain a clear line of vision when carrying materials.
Valves
Testers operating valves must:
• Keep the body and face away from the top of the stems when opening
or closing high-pressure valves.
19/06/01 23
• Open and close valves on high-pressure lines slowly to prevent
radical pressure differentials or transients that may rupture or split
pipe or fittings.
• Never stop a leaking valve on a connection with a bull plug. A nipple
and an extra valve must be used and the extra valve kept open until
the connection has been made.
• Service valves in accordance with manufacturer’s guidelines.
6.7 Testing Specific Rules
The following section includes “Industry Recommended Practice(s)” [IRP] for

Well Testing and Drill Stem Testing.
These IRPs are recommended by:
• Canadian Petroleum Safety Council (PSC)

• Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)
• Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors (CAODC)
• Petroleum Services Association of Canada (PSAC)
• Small Explorers and Producers Association of Canada (SEPAC).
Testers must review the IRPs and follow the outlined practices. See Appendix F
for a copy of the IRPs.
6.8 Working Alone

The provincial government has released a guide for working alone. Most of the
time, testers will be working with others, however, due to the nature of the job, a
significant amount of time will be spent alone while traveling. As such,
precautions should be taken.
Please refer to Appendix G for more information on Working Alone.
In addition, to minimize the risk to testers, a call in procedure will be used:
Prior to leaving for a test, the tester will report to the dispatcher/manager as to
when they are leaving for a test. The tester will also supply an estimated time for
arrival on location. If a call is received from the Operating Company Engineer
(complaining that a tester is not on location at the appropriate time), the
dispatcher will attempt to contact the tester to verify location and status. If there
is no response, further action will be taken to assess the condition of the tester.
19/06/01 24
7.0 Communication
7.1 General
There are two general categories of communication: communication with Operating
Companies/Rig Crews and Delta-P internal communication. Much of the communication
that occurs is informal and undocumented. In order to increase the focus on safety,
formalized meetings will be held to specifically address issues of safety.
Safety meetings have several purposes:
• Increase general safety awareness among participants.
• Increase awareness of company and government safety requirements for

specific jobs or projects.
• Provide training in safety and procedures.
• Encourage feedback on safety matters to improve safety program and overall

safety.
7.2 Pre-Job Safety Meetings

Prior to inflating packers, it will be mandatory to hold a safety meeting to alert rig crews
to the specific hazards of testing. A Pre-Test Safety Meeting Form can be found in
Appendix H.
Who?: Anyone involved in the testing process and anyone who may be on the rig
during a test.
When?: Conduct the meeting prior to inflating packers.
Where?: The drilling rig doghouse is the best location to hold the meeting.
Why?: See above…
What?: The sample Pre-Test Safety Meeting Form can be used as a guideline for
safety issues
7.3 General Safety Meeting

Delta-P Test Corp. will hold bi-annual safety meetings to discuss issues of safety and to
orient new workers.
Agenda
Two weeks before the General Safety Meeting (GSM), an agenda will be circulated to all
testers to alert them to the topics of the GSM. If anyone wishes to see an issue
discussed at the meeting, they will have an opportunity to tell the meeting facilitator after
they review the agenda.
19/06/01 25
Meeting Minutes
Minutes of the meeting will be kept and distributed 1 week after the conclusion of the
meeting. The method of distribution will be e-mail. Any amendments or comments to
the minutes can also be circulated via email.
Follow-up
Any action items that are generated at the GSM will be given a person responsible for
completing the action. Management will communicate with the individual responsible
and distribute reports to the other GSM attendants (via e-mail).
19/06/01 26
8.0 Training and Orientation

Training
Delta-P Test Corp. only hires individuals with experience and a proven record of
accomplishment of safety and operational knowledge.
New employees will be trained by a senior tester and evaluated “on-the-job”.
For more information on Training, please refer to the Delta-P Test Corp. New Employee
Manual.
Orientation
Everyone will undergo an orientation to verify understanding of the corporate safety

policy.
Additionally, all testers will fill out the proceeding page to document their understanding
of the contents of this Handbook.
19/06/01 27
Orientation Acknowledgement Form
Name:__________________________ Date:_____________________________
Please acknowledge that you have reviewed each element in the Safety Handbook
by initialing and signing below:
Element Tester’s Initials Management
Corporate Safety Policy ____________ ___________
Tester’s Responsibilities ____________ ___________
Company Safety Rules ____________ ___________
Industry Recommended Practices (IRP) ____________ ___________
Hazard Identification and Control ____________ ___________
Driving Hazards ____________ ___________
Working Alone ____________ ___________
Safety Meeting ____________ ___________
TDG ____________ ___________
WHMIS ____________ ___________
Guiding Principles posted in Test Unit ____________ ___________
Corporate Safety Policy posted in Test Unit ____________ ___________
I have reviewed the elements in this manual. I understand that safety is a significant
component of my work. I will make every effort to uphold the Corporate Safety Policy
and the Industry Guiding Principles
____________________________ _____________________________
Signature of Tester Signature of Management
19/06/01 28
Appendix A: Inspection Sheets
19/06/01 29
Quick Vehicle Inspection
To be performed before driving.

Walk around vehicle. Look for the
following:
• Flat Tires
• Are the tires/wheels free of obstructions?
• Is the exhaust clear?
• Are all compartments closed and cable
reel handles stowed?
• Are the running and headlights functional?
• Are there any obvious leaks?
• Are there any loose panels or bodywork?
• Are loads tied down?
Look for anything that is out of the ordinary.

Quick Detailed Vehicle Inspection
To be performed at fuel stops:
• Check Oil Level

• Check Windshield Washer level
• Check tire pressure
• Check vehicle operating temperature
• Check brake and signal lights
• Clean lights and windshield
These steps are in addition to the Quick

Vehicle Inspection
Detailed Vehicle Inspection (5000km)
Date: Operator:
Unit: Milage:
Drivers Compartment
Sun Visors Horns & Switches Instrument Lamps
Windshield Wipers Windshield Defrost Hazard warning kit
Side Windows Hi-Beam Indicator Air Pressure gauge
Pedal Pads Acc. Pedal & Air Throttle Steering Travel
Seats & Seatbelts Steering & Power Assist Clutch disengagement
Speedometer Mirrors
Cabin Air Leakage Windshield
Body Exterior
Headlamp operation/aim Clearance Lamps Ext fuel tanks
Tail Lamps Stop Lamps Turn signals
Marker Lamps Hazard Lamps Reflectors
Tire Pressure Secondary Attachments Fenders/Mud Flaps
Air System Paint Body, Doors, Bumpers
Under the Hood
Hood Accessory Belts Air compressor
Power Steering Fluid/sys Fuel Pump & Filter Battery and wiring
Exhaust Fan fins and Belt Distributor
Air Filter Windshield washer pump Cooling System
Undercarriage
Transmission Oil Pan Muffler
Steering Box Drag Link Pitman Arm
Cotter pins Tie-Rod Differential
Tie-Rod Ends Frame Rails Suspension
Shocks Springs Axles
Brakes, Tires, and Wheels
Brake Components U-Joint Brake Lining Thickness
Spring Caging Bolts Brake Drums Brake Failure Indicator
Disc Brakes Brake lines and hoses Parking Brake
Reservoirs and Valves Tire Pressure Brake Operation
Vacuum System &
Wheel Bearings
Reserve
Brake Cams & Travel Tire Wear
Detailed Vehicle Inspection (5000km)
Inspection Checklist Resource
Rating Legend
N.A. = Not Applicable to this Unit
P = Passed in good working Condition
M = Passed but maintenance required
R = Rejected – replacement necessary before returning to service.
Vehicle Inspector must sign off on bottom of inspection sheet.
*** Attach inspection form to invoice/receipt for work performed and file.***
Site Inspection Checklist
Item P Comments/Notes
Site Driving Conditions?
Overhead Wires or
Cables?
Other Activities
(Logging/ Casing
Unloading)?
Trenches?
Ground Cables?
Wind Direction?
SCBA Location?
Rally Point?
Fire Fighting
Equipment?
Eyewash/ Firstaid?
Emg. Showers
Breakers / Electrical
ESD location?
Tripping and slipping?
Sharp projections on
rig?
H2S potential?
Compressed gas
cylinders?
MSDS products?
Flare Pit – Flaring OK?
Other?
Appendix B: Hazard Identification Report and Incident

Report.
19/06/01 30
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION REPORT
Date:_____________________________ H.I. Report Number:_______________________
Hazard Location:________________________________________________________________
Person Completing Report:________________________________________________________
Description of Hazard R.A.C.
Personnel Involved
Delta-P Tester Contractor Student
Visitor Other Client
Action Required Responsible Party Target Date Completion Date
Hazard Classification – Risk Assessment Codes (R.A.C)
Used the following categories and degrees to assign a Risk Assessment Code for the identified Hazard.
Consequence Probability of Occurrence Exposure (# of people affected) Risk Assessment Code
I. Catastrophe A. Likely to Occur 1. More than 50 1. Critical

II. Critical B. Probably Occur 2. 10-49 2. Serious
III. Marginal C. Possibly Occur 3. 5-9 3. Moderate
IV. Negligible D. Unlikely 4. Less than 5 4. Minor
Additional Notes and follow up comments are to be written on the back of this document.
EVENT REPORT (Accident or Near Miss)
Date:_____________________________ Event Report Number:_______________________
Event Location:_________________________________________________________________
Person Completing Report:________________________________________________________
Type of Event
Personal Injury Equipment Failure Fire/Explosion
Lost Time Equipment Damage Vehicle Accident
Medical Aid Property Damage Environmental
First Aid Material Loss Security/Theft
Restricted Duty Business Interruption Other
Personnel Involved
Delta-P Tester Contractor Student
Visitor Other Client
Event Classification
Critical** Serious** Minor
** Full Investigation is required.
General Information
Name of Individual Involved:
Employee/Contractor Name:
Location of Event:
Event Description
Status of Injured/Immediate Action Taken
Follow Up Action to Be Taken

Is an investigation required?
Action Required Who is Responsible Target Date Completion Date
___________________________________ ____________________________________
Management Signature Date
Appendix C: Hazard Management
19/06/01 31
Hazard Management Loop
No
Yes
Identify Hazard
Evaluation
Did it work? Assess Hazard
Generate
Implement Options
Option
19/06/01 32
Identify Hazard
The first step to managing any hazard is to identify it. Many times hazards are not
identified because they are not always obvious and there is often no deliberate effort to
identify them.
Use the following steps to identify hazards:
1. Before beginning a task, have all of the people involved in, or affected by, the
proposed work discuss the job. Focus on Who, What, When, Where, How, and
Why.
2. Participants ask questions to gain clarification on the work and identify where
there could be exposure to a hazard.
3. Identify any procedures, equipment, or materials that may pose a hazard.
4. Use Company safe work permits to help guide discussions.
Assess Hazard
Determine which of the identified hazards apply to the planned work and which do not.
Options must be generated to Control, Avoid, or Remove the hazards that apply to the
specific work tasks. Other identified hazards should be documented and this information
passed on to company supervisors for handling.
Generate Options
Once the hazards have been assessed and it has been determined that the hazard
applies to the task/work, you must identify some method to manage the exposure.
Deciding to take no action and leave the consequences to chance is not an acceptable
way of managing a hazard.
Seek the input of others to generate ideas about how to manage the assessed hazards.
Do not be afraid to use the experience of others.
Implement Options
From the list of generated options, select the one that best manages the hazard and has
the support of the people involved in the work (or affected by the work). Responsibilities
for individuals must be make clear at this time.
Evaluate
Monitor the progress of the work and verify that the controls/mitigation/removal of the
hazard is acceptable. If the implemented option is not working as required, proceed with
the following actions:
1. Make sure you understand the hazard. Are there other things that could
influence what happens?
19/06/01 33
2. Review other options and maybe create new ones.
3. Select and implement another option, monitor results.
19/06/01 34
Appendix D: Workplace Hazardous Materials

Information System (WHMIS)
19/06/01 35
Workplace
Health & Safety WHMIS
September 1999
WHMIS
Information for Employers
WHMIS Information for Employers
Table of Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1
What does W-H-M-I-S mean?.............................................................................................................................. 1
What is the purpose of WHMIS?......................................................................................................................... 1
Legislation ........................................................................................................................... 2
What is the WHMIS law called and where can I get a copy?.................................................................... 2
But I’m already complying with TDG…. ............................................................................................................ 2
What happens if companies don’t comply with the WHMIS requirements?......................................... 3
Application........................................................................................................................... 4
Does WHMIS apply to every chemical?............................................................................................................ 4
Which products are excluded from WHMIS?.................................................................................................. 5
Which products are totally excluded?................................................................................................................ 5
Which products are excluded from the supplier aspects of WHMIS?.................................................... 6
Who’s going to classify our products for us?................................................................................................... 7
Roles and Responsibilities.................................................................................................. 8

What are my responsibilities as an employer?............................................................................................... 8
Do my workers have any WHMIS responsibilities?...................................................................................... 8
What can I expect from my suppliers?.............................................................................................................. 8
What happens if a supplier sends me a controlled product that doesn’t have a supplier label?.. 9
Some of my American suppliers aren’t co-operating. .................................................................................. 9
Can I get imported products to my plant to label them, or will they be stopped at the border?.... 9
What is the government’s role?......................................................................................................................... 10
Labels ................................................................................................................................ 11
What does a WHMIS label look like?............................................................................................................... 11
What does a basic supplier label look like?................................................................................................... 11
Variations on the basic supplier label .............................................................................................................. 13
What does the small container label look like? ............................................................................................ 13
How do the WHMIS labelling requirements apply to products purchased in bulk?......................... 14
And laboratory chemicals, what kind of label variations might I find on them?................................. 15
How are laboratory samples labelled? ............................................................................................................ 15
Is that all the variations on the basic supplier label?.................................................................................. 16
What does a WHMIS work site label look like?............................................................................................ 16
Are there any variations on the WHMIS work site label?.......................................................................... 17
Tell me about placards.......................................................................................................................................... 17
When is it okay for me to simply identify a controlled product?.............................................................. 17
Are there any controlled products that don’t require a WHMIS label of any kind?.......................... 17
Where do I get my WHMIS labels?.................................................................................................................. 18
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)............................................................................. 19

What is a Material Safety Data Sheet?........................................................................................................... 19
Are there any variations on the basic “MSDS”?........................................................................................... 19
How do I get MSDSs for the controlled products at my company?....................................................... 22
Am I responsible for updating all these MSDSs?........................................................................................ 22
CH008 Revised September 1999

My supplier says that some of the ingredients in the product are secret. Can he get away with
that?............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
We like to transfer supplier MSDSs onto our own MSDS format. Is that okay?.............................. 24
Are there any controlled products at the work site that don’t require MSDSs?................................. 24
Is there anything else that I need to know about MSDSs?...................................................................... 24
Worker Education ............................................................................................................. 25

What must be included in WHMIS worker education?............................................................................... 25
Do I have to provide WHMIS worker education for all my workers?..................................................... 25
How often do I have to conduct WHMIS worker education at my company?.................................... 26
What is the standard for WHMIS worker education? ................................................................................. 26
Where can I get my workers trained?.............................................................................................................. 26
Confidential Business Information .................................................................................... 27

What does “confidential business information” mean?.............................................................................. 27
What information may be withheld as confidential business information?.......................................... 27
What if the supplier claims that some of the hazard information is confidential?............................. 27
Who decides if the information really is confidential business information? ...................................... 27
How do I know if the claim has been validated?.......................................................................................... 28
What happens if a claim is not validated?...................................................................................................... 28
What happens if there’s an incident involving a controlled product that has a confidential
ingredient?................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Glossary............................................................................................................................ 29
Appendix 1 Obtaining WHMIS legislation......................................................................... 36
Appendix 2 Resources ..................................................................................................... 37
CH008 Revised September 1999

Introduction
What does W-H-M-I-S mean?
The letters W-H-M-I-S stand for “Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System”.
WHMIS is a national hazard communication system. It affects suppliers, importers and

distributors of potentially hazardous materials used at work sites, and employers and
workers who use those materials.
What is the purpose of WHMIS?
WHMIS was developed to ensure that persons at work sites receive adequate hazard
information about chemicals that are used there. The system requires that suppliers and
distributors of controlled products convey specified hazard information to their industrial
customers, i.e. employers, and that the employers pass that hazard information on to
their workers.
WHMIS has three major elements:
1. Labels — WHMIS labels provide the essential information that a person needs to
know to handle a particular product safely.
2. Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) — MSDSs provide basic technical

information about a product’s physical characteristics and its hazardous properties.
3. Worker education — This element provides persons at work sites with two kinds of
information. First, it explains just what information they can expect to receive as a
result of WHMIS. And second, it teaches them specific hazard information and safe
work procedures that they can use directly at their jobs.
WHMIS was implemented through coordinated federal, provincial and territorial

legislation.
CH008 Revised September 1999 1

Legislation
What is the WHMIS law called and where can I get a copy?
There are two main bodies of WHMIS law (legislation). There are federal WHMIS laws,
which deal mostly with the supplier aspects of the system. There are also provincial,
territorial and Labour Canada WHMIS laws. These deal with the employer and worker
aspects of WHMIS.
The federal legislation consists of:

§ The Hazardous Products Act (HPA);
§ The Controlled Products Regulations (CPR);
§ The Ingredient Disclosure List;
§ The Hazardous Materials Information Review Act; and
§ The Hazardous Materials Information Review Regulation.
This legislation specifies requirements for supplier labels and MSDSs and requires
suppliers to provide users with MSDSs when products are purchased. It also makes
provision for the protection of confidential business information.
The federal WHMIS law is available from Supply and Services Canada or from federal
government publication outlets across Canada (see Appendix I).
The provincial, territorial and Labour Canada WHMIS laws deal with WHMIS at the work
site level. This legislation defines the various responsibilities of employers and workers
under WHMIS.
Alberta’s WHMIS law is contained in Part 2 of the Chemical Hazards Regulation. It was
developed under the authority of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, which
establishes the fundamental principles of Alberta’s occupational health and safety law.
All Alberta occupational health and safety regulations, including the Chemical Hazards
Regulation, are available from the Queen’s Printer (see Appendix 1).
But I’m already complying with TDG….
The Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) law is not the same as the WHMIS law.
TDG was enacted to protect the general public from hazards associated with
transporting dangerous materials on public roads, in the air, by rail or on waterways.
WHMIS, on the other hand, was developed to protect the health and safety of people at
work sites by providing them with hazard information about the chemicals they work
with. The two systems often deal with the same chemicals — TDG while the product is
in transit and WHMIS when the product reaches the work site.

What happens if companies don’t comply with the WHMIS requirements?
Companies found violating the WHMIS law are subject to various legal procedures. The
outcome of the legal procedures depends on many factors such as the seriousness of
the problem, the company’s compliance history, etc.
Violation of the federal WHMIS law may result in seizure of products and/or prosecution.
The outcome of prosecution may be a fine of up to $1,000,000 and/or imprisonment for
up to two years.
Violation of the provincial WHMIS law may result in orders to make changes, shut down
of work site operations, or prosecution. The outcome of prosecution for violation of the
Occupational Health and Safety Act or its regulations may be fines of up to $300,000
and/or imprisonment for up to one year.

Application
Does WHMIS apply to every chemical?
No. WHMIS does not apply to every chemical product.
WHMIS applies only to products that meet certain criteria. These products are called
controlled products.
There are six classes of controlled products. Any product that meets the criteria for any
one (or more) of the six WHMIS classes is a controlled product and is included in
WHMIS. A few products are covered by other legislation, so they have been excluded
from WHMIS requirements.
There is no comprehensive list of controlled products. The only way to find out if a
product is a controlled product or not is to compare its properties with the criteria for
each of the six classes of controlled products.
Each class of controlled products has a distinct hazard symbol. Class D has one symbol
for each of its three divisions. (Class B has six divisions, but all six are represented by
the same hazard symbol.)
Figure 1 shows the six WHMIS classes and their hazard symbols. The WHMIS
classification criteria are contained in the federal Controlled Product Regulation.

Figure 1 The WHMIS classes and hazards symbols
Which products are excluded from WHMIS?
There are two groups of excluded products. The first is totally excluded from all WHMIS
requirements. The second consists of products that are excluded only from the supplier
aspects of WHMIS.
Which products are totally excluded?
Products excluded from all aspects of WHMIS are:

§ wood and products made of wood;
§ tobacco and products made of tobacco;
§ manufactured articles;
§ dangerous goods while they are covered by TDG legislation i.e. while in transit; and
§ hazardous wastes (except that safe storage and handling are required through the
combination of any mode of identification and worker training).

“Products made of wood” and “products made of tobacco” do not include products made
from wood and products made from tobacco. For example, lumber, which is made of
wood, and cigarettes, which are made of tobacco, are excluded from WHMIS by this
exemption. On the other hand, turpentine, which is made from wood, and nicotine,
which is extracted from tobacco, are included.
“Manufactured article” means a product that is manufactured to a specific shape, and

whose function depends on that shape. Manufactured articles do not release controlled
products during normal use. Coated pipe is an example of a product that is exempted
from WHMIS by this provision. The coating material may have been a controlled product
when it was applied, but it is not released during normal use of the pipe. Welding rods,
on the other hand, are not exempted by this provision because they release controlled
products (as part of the welding fume) during their normal use.
You should note that the release of controlled products during the installation of a
material does not prohibit its exemption from WHMIS by the “manufactured article”
provision. New carpet, for example, usually releases certain gases during installation
and for a short time afterward. But installation is not “normal use”. So carpet is
considered a manufactured article and is totally exempted from WHMIS.
Even though these products are exempt from WHMIS, the Alberta Chemical Hazards
Regulation deals with materials that are hazardous but are not controlled products.
These hazardous materials are called “harmful substances”. Employers have three
responsibilities regarding harmful substances. They must:
§ ensure that harmful substances or their containers are clearly identified;
§ establish procedures to minimize worker exposure to these substances; and
§ train workers in those procedures and in the health hazards associated with
exposure to the harmful substance.
Which products are excluded from the supplier aspects of WHMIS?
This group of products includes:

§ explosives, which are covered by the Explosives Act;
§ cosmetics, devices, foods and drugs, which are covered by the Food and Drug Act;
§ pesticides and herbicides, which are covered by the Pest Control Products Act;
§ radioactive materials, which are covered by the Atomic Energy Control Act; and
§ consumer products that are restricted products and covered by the Hazardous
Products Act (HPA).
“Consumer product” means a product that is packaged in quantities appropriate for the
public, available to the public in retail outlets and labelled with the “restricted product”
labelling required by the HPA. For example, a solvent that is packaged in a 250 ml size,
labelled with a restricted product label and offered for sale in a regular hardware store is
considered a consumer product. The WHMIS consumer product exemption applies.
The supplier does not have any WHMIS responsibilities to meet. Yet the same product
in a 454 litre drum, sold at an industrial supply outlet, would not be permitted this
exemption. It would be considered a controlled product and all WHMIS requirements
would apply.
Information requirements for these products were addressed by the Explosives Act, the
Food and Drug Act, etc, long before WHMIS was developed. These laws are currently

being reviewed to ensure that their information requirements are as stringent as those of
WHMIS. If this is found not to be the case, the situation will be corrected. Those
individual laws will be amended or the products will be brought into WHMIS so that users
receive information that meets the WHMIS standard.
Who’s going to classify our products for us?
Canadian suppliers must classify the controlled products they sell to you.
But the classification of products you produce on-site for use on-site, products you
obtained prior to WHMIS and still have on-site, and products you import, is your
responsibility.
Classification can be complicated. If you don’t have occupational health and safety
personnel or chemists on your staff, you may wish to engage outside assistance. The
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) can help with the
classification of pure substances. Private consultants are available to help with the
classification of more complex products.
Appendix 2 lists resources available to provide you with assistance.

Roles and Responsibilities

What are my responsibilities as an employer?
Alberta’s Occupational Health and Safety Act requires employers to take all reasonable
measures to protect the health and safety of workers at their companies. WHMIS is an
important tool for employers to use in achieving this objective.
Employers have an important role to play in the effective implementation of WHMIS.

This role is documented in the Chemical Hazards Regulation as a series of
responsibilities. The employer is responsible for ensuring that:
§ all controlled products at their work sites are labelled with appropriate WHMIS labels;
§ there are up-to-date (no more than 3 years old) WHMIS MSDSs for all controlled
products at the site and these MSDSs are located in a place readily accessible to
everyone who works there; and
§ workers at their work site have had the appropriate WHMIS worker education to
protect their health and safety on the job.
Do my workers have any WHMIS responsibilities?
The Occupational Health and Safety Act requires workers to cooperate with their
employers to protect their own and other workers’ health and safety on the job. The
Chemical Hazards Regulation specifically requires that they participate in WHMIS
worker education provided by their employers.
A Safety Bulletin similar to this one, (CH007) WHMIS – Information for Workers is also
available from Alberta Human Resources and Employment, Workplace Health and
Safety. It describes the WHMIS system in general, labels, Material Safety Data Sheets,
worker education, suppliers’ responsibilities, employers’ responsibilities and workers’
responsibilities.
What can I expect from my suppliers?
Canadian suppliers of controlled products have two main WHMIS responsibilities:
1. label each controlled product they sell to Canadian work sites with an appropriate
WHMIS supplier label with information written in both English and French; and
2. develop a WHMIS MSDS for each controlled product they sell to Canadian work
sites. They must provide a copy of that MSDS (in English or French, as the
customer chooses), to each Canadian work site customer.
Distributors of controlled products have the same responsibilities as suppliers. You can
expect distributors to provide you with the same WHMIS information you would get from
a supplier.
Note: These responsibilities are described in detail in Safety Bulletin (CH009) WHMIS
– Information for Supplier’s, also available from Workplace Health and Safety.

What happens if a supplier sends me a controlled product that doesn’t have a

supplier label?
This is a very important question.
You’re not allowed to use this product until you have received and applied the correct
label. In fact, you have permission to store it on your site only if you are actively seeking
the proper label, and if you have placed a placard over the product. (Placards are
discussed on page 17)
This situation is the same if a supplier sends you a controlled product for which you have
not received a WHMIS MSDS. You may store the product, but you may not use it until
you obtain the WHMIS MSDS.
You may, of course, refuse to accept a product that arrives at your site without the
proper WHMIS label or MSDS. The choice is yours.
Some of my American suppliers aren’t co-operating.
WHMIS is Canadian law. It applies only in Canada. Your American suppliers, or any
other foreign suppliers, may not be aware of it. Even if they do know about WHMIS,
they may not be willing to comply with its supplier requirements.
WHMIS responsibilities for controlled products imported into Canada for use at work
sites fall to the importing companies. In other words, companies that import controlled
products must ensure that WHMIS supplier labels are developed and applied to the
products, and that WHMIS MSDSs for the products are obtained.
Importers have these responsibilities for products that are imported for sale to other
Canadian work sites and for products that are imported for use within the importing
company. If you import a controlled product for use at your work site, you are
responsible to ensure that it has a WHMIS supplier label and a WHMIS MSDS.
Can I get imported products to my plant to label them, or will they be stopped at
the border?
Importers may bring a controlled product into Canada without a WHMIS supplier label or
a WHMIS MSDS, as long as the Alberta government is notified and the WHMIS
requirements are met before the product is used or sold.
Notification to the government must include:

§ identification and description, i.e. the classification of the product;
§ address in Alberta at which the supplier label will be applied, a list of the other
provinces into which the product will be imported; and
§ if requested:
• a sample of the product,
• import schedule, and
• quantity of product to be imported.

Notification should be sent to:
WHMIS Coordinator
Alberta Human Resources and Employment
Workplace Health and Safety
9th Floor, 10808-99 Avenue
Edmonton, Alberta T5K 0G5
You must put WHMIS supplier labels on these products, and develop WHMIS MSDSs
for them before you can use them or sell them.
What is the government’s role?
Government has two major roles in implementing WHMIS at Alberta workplaces. These
roles are consultation and enforcement. Alberta Human Resources and Employment,
Workplace Health and Safety deals with all aspects of WHMIS in the province. The
Department consults with Alberta employers, suppliers and workers to help them
understand their WHMIS responsibilities. The Department can provide information
materials, including this booklet and the accompanying ones for workers and suppliers,
pamphlets and booklets on many aspects of chemical safety, and references to other
resources.
Workplace Health and Safety enforces both federal and provincial WHMIS legislation in
Alberta. Occupational Health and Safety Officers inspect Alberta work sites for
compliance with WHMIS (and for compliance with other Alberta occupational health and
safety legislation). They explain any violations that are observed to the parties
responsible for the work site, specifying a date for compliance. If violations continue,
more stringent measures may be taken, including compliance orders, site closure,
product seizure and prosecution.

Labels
What does a WHMIS label look like?
There are two main kinds of WHMIS labels — supplier labels and work site labels.
Supplier labels are the labels that must be present on controlled products in their original
(supplier) containers. These include:
§ controlled products sold by Canadian suppliers and distributors to Canadian work
sites;
§ controlled products imported into Canada for use at work sites; and
§ “old” controlled products which employers obtained prior to WHMIS coming into
effect and that are still present at the work site.
Work site labels are used only by employers and workers. They are applied to:
§ containers into which controlled products are transferred;
§ containers of controlled products that are produced at the work site for use there;
and
§ supplier containers, to replace supplier labels (and labels that are accepted as
supplier labels, such as labels on pesticides and consumer products) that have been
accidentally damaged or defaced, where new supplier labels cannot be obtained.
There are different information requirements for supplier labels and work site labels. In
addition, there are some situations in which the basic requirements for each type of label
are relaxed and less detailed labels may be used.
What does a basic supplier label look like?
An example of a WHMIS supplier label is shown in Figure 2. These labels are easy to
recognize because they have a unique, rectangular slash-marked border.

Figure 2 An example of a WHMIS supplier label
The basic WHMIS supplier label has seven required pieces of information which must be
contained within the rectangular border. Figure 3 lists these requirements. The supplier
label information must be written in both French and English. The only acceptable
alternative to this provision is the use of two, equally visible labels, one in French and
one in English.
There is no specified format for the WHMIS supplier label. There is no size requirement
either, but the label must be large enough to be legible.
Finally, the label must be located on some area of the product where it will be readily
seen.

Figure 3 Information required on a WHMIS supplier label

1. Product Identifier
Same as on MSDS.
2. Supplier Identifier
Identifier of manufacturer or distributor, as appropriate
3. Hazard Symbols
All WHMIS hazard symbols applicable to the product’s classification.
4. Risk Phrases
Brief statements on the main risks associated with the product.
5. Precautionary Measures
Brief statement of main precautions to be taken.
6. First Aid Measures

Main first aid measures to be taken in case of acute overexposure.
7. Reference to the Material Safety Data Sheet

For more detailed information
Variations on the basic supplier label
There are five variations that you might encounter:
1. small containers (less than 100 ml) are permitted to carry a shorter version of the
supplier label;
2. suppliers who provide controlled products in bulk shipments may provide the supplier
label information in three different forms;
3. laboratory supply houses are permitted to use three unique variations of the basic
supplier label on certain controlled products they sell;
4. samples sent to laboratories for analysis are allowed to have a different type of label;
and
5. labels on compressed gas cylinders may have a curved shape to reduce distortion.
What does the small container label look like?
Containers with a capacity of 100 ml or less are permitted to carry WHMIS supplier
labels which do not have Risk Phrases, Precautionary Measures or First Aid Measures.
An example of the “Small Container Label” is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 An example of a WHMIS small container label
How do the WHMIS labelling requirements apply to products purchased in bulk?
“Bulk shipment” has a special meaning in WHMIS. It is:
“a shipment of a controlled product that is contained without intermediate

containment or intermediate packaging, in
(a) a vessel with a water capacity of more than 454 litres,
(b) a freight container, a road vehicle, a railway vehicle, a portable tank, a freight
container carried on a road vehicle, railway vehicle, ship or aircraft, or a
portable tank carried on a road vehicle, railway vehicle, ship or aircraft,
(c) the hold of a ship, or
(d) a pipeline.”
Suppliers of materials which are shipped in bulk have three choices when satisfying the
WHMIS labelling requirements. They can:
§ provide you with a regular supplier label, and give it to you when the product is
delivered or in advance of the delivery;
§ modify the MSDS for the product so that it contains the supplier label information as
well as information required on the MSDS; or
§ send you the supplier label information as a separate document.
Keep in mind that the supplier gets to make this choice. If the supplier sends you a
supplier label, you must attach it to your container of the product. On the other hand, if

the supplier chooses one of the other two options, you must use the information
provided to make a work site label and apply that label to the product’s container.
And laboratory chemicals, what kind of label variations might I find on them?
Controlled products used in laboratories may have regular WHMIS supplier labels.
However, controlled products that are:
§ from laboratory supply houses;
§ intended for use in laboratories; and
§ packed in quantities of 10 kg or less may be labelled with either of two supplier label
variations:
1. they may be labelled with all of the information required on a WHMIS MSDS, in
which case the supplier is not required to provide a separate MSDS to the
customer; or
2. they may be labelled with a basic supplier label from which the WHMIS border,
the hazard symbols, and the supplier identifier have been omitted.
How are laboratory samples labelled?
Samples for laboratory analysis can present a unique situation. Sometimes it isn’t
possible to determine whether the sample is a controlled product or not. Sometimes
samples are sent for analysis to determine if the product meets one or more of the
WHMIS classification criteria.
If you find yourself faced with this dilemma, you are expected to make your best
judgement as to whether the material is a controlled product and to treat it accordingly.
Samples sent to a laboratory should, as a general rule, have a basic supplier label and
be accompanied by a WHMIS MSDS.
Sometimes there is no MSDS for the product because its properties have not yet been
determined. For example, the sample may be from a newly developed product. It isn’t
possible to have an MSDS when the product is first being evaluated.
Such a sample (if it is less than 10 kilograms) may still be sent to the laboratory, even
though the MSDS cannot accompany it. These special samples must be labelled with
the following information:
§ sample identifier;
§ identity of the ingredients in the sample which are themselves controlled products, if
known;
§ name of the person sending the sample; and
§ the statement “Hazardous Laboratory Sample. For hazard information or in an
emergency call”, followed by an emergency telephone number of the person sending
the sample.
This label does not require the cross-hatched border. An example is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 Label for a sample of a controlled product that has no MSDS
Sample for Analysis
Sample number: 203

Contents: Toluene, xylene, water
Name of person sending sample: John Ranchman
Hazardous Laboratory Sample
For hazard information, or in an emergency call:

(403) 297- 4034
(emergency telephone number)
Is that all the variations on the basic supplier label?
That’s it. There aren’t any other variations on the basic supplier label. But don’t forget,
the federally-legislated labels on explosives, pesticides, consumer products, etc., as
described on page 6, are acceptable for these products.
What does a WHMIS work site label look like?
Work site labels are “performance-oriented”. That means that there are very few
requirements about their content and format but the labels must be effective in providing
workers with the information needed to handle the product safely.
Work site labels have only three required content elements:

§ product identifier;
§ information for safe use of the product; and
§ reference to the MSDS.
There are no format requirements or language requirements and the WHMIS border is
not required. An example of a work site label is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6 An example of a WHMIS work site label
TOLU-SOLV
All Purpose Cleaner
Flammable: Keep away from all sources of heat,

sparks, and open flames
Toxic: When handling, use neoprene gloves,

goggles, and organic vapour respirator
See MSDS for more information

Are there any variations on the WHMIS work site label?
Variations from the WHMIS work site label include the use of placards, warning signs,
and coding (either by colour, number or lettering system).
Tell me about placards
Sometimes it’s more practical to placard controlled products than to label them. The
WHMIS law permits this variation in the following situations:
§ controlled products that are not in containers;
§ controlled products that are produced for sale, but that have not yet reached the
labelling stage of the production process; and
§ controlled products that are destined for export only.
The placards must include the information required on WHMIS work site labels. They
must be large enough to be easily legible and must be located in a position that will
make them readily obvious to workers.
There’s one other situation where placards are permitted. This is the situation where the
controlled product arrives on-site without the required supplier label and you store it
while you track down the WHMIS supplier label. See page 9.
When is it okay for me to simply identify a controlled product?
There are five situations where you may use any method of clear identification to “label”
controlled products. They are:
1. controlled products in on-site transport or reaction systems such as pipes, tank

trucks, ore cars, conveyor belts, reaction vessels, etc.;
2. mixtures and substances undergoing analysis, tests or evaluation in a laboratory;
3. controlled products that are transferred from other (adequately labelled) containers,
kept under the control of the person who made the transfer, and that are used up
during the shift in which the container was filled;
4. controlled products for use in laboratories that are transferred from the supplier’s
containers to laboratory containers, or controlled products produced in laboratories
for use there only; and
5. hazardous wastes produced in the workplace.
These materials may be identified by any clear means, such as painted-on, stencilled-
on, or even hand-written identifiers or colour codes.
Are there any controlled products that don’t require a WHMIS label of any kind?
There are only two groups of controlled products in this category. They are:
§ controlled products for immediate use; and
§ fugitive emissions.
A “controlled product for immediate use” is one that is transferred from a properly
labelled container to another container, and that will be transferred immediately from the
second container into some chemical process where it will be totally consumed. The

transfer container need not have any type of WHMIS label. An example of this situation
is the measuring of a reagent before adding it to a chemical reaction vessel.
Fugitive emissions cannot be labelled because they are spread through the air or over a
surface. However, the equipment from which the emissions escape must be labelled
with an appropriate work site label.
Where do I get my WHMIS labels?
Supplier labels come with the controlled products you purchase from Canadian
suppliers.
However, you may have “old” controlled products at your site. You may also import
controlled products for use at your company. Both these kinds of controlled products
require the application of supplier labels. You may be fortunate enough to have
suppliers who are able, and willing, to provide these supplier labels to you. If not, the
responsibility falls to you. You may have staff who can perform this task for you,
otherwise you will need to seek outside expertise. Once you have developed the
content and design of the labels, you can have them produced at in-house or
commercial printing facilities.
Many printing houses and safety equipment suppliers carry commercially printed, blank
work site labels. If you don’t want to buy labels, you may write the required information
directly on product containers or use readily available materials, such as paper or
plastic, to make the labels.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

What is a Material Safety Data Sheet?
Material Safety Data Sheets are commonly known as MSDSs. These documents
contain information that is more detailed and more technical than the information on
WHMIS labels.
MSDSs have nine categories of information. The categories and the information to be
contained in them are listed in Figure 7.
There are no format requirements for WHMIS MSDSs. Writers may use any format they
choose, as long as the required information is included. However, each of the nine
categories must be identified by a heading identical, or similar, to that shown in Figure 8.
The WHMIS border is not required. Figure 8 shows a model of a WHMIS MSDS.
The final requirement for MSDSs is that they be up-to-date. Suppliers must update an
MSDS whenever they become aware of new information which could cause the current
one to be outdated, or every three years, whichever comes first. You should never
receive an MSDS from a Canadian supplier which is more than three years old.
Are there any variations on the basic “MSDS”?
Just two. Generic MSDSs are permitted for groups of controlled products that are
basically the same but have small variations in ingredients from one product to another.
A line of paints is an example of such a group.
The (generic) MSDS for each individual product must indicate the product identifiers for
all products in the group. It must also be supplemented with any information that is
different for the individual product than for the group. Additional ingredients, variations in
concentration of ingredients, and different hazard information, are examples of
information that might vary from product to product within a group.
An MSDS that uses the ISO, ILO, ECC, or ANSI 16-heading format is also acceptable as
long as all of the required information is provided. Under the Regulatory Information
heading the following statement should be provided: “This product has been classified
in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulation and the
MSDS contains all the information required by the Controlled Products Regulations.”
The heading format requires inclusion of the following information:

Figure 7 Information required on a WHMIS Material Safety Data Sheet

1. Hazardous ingredients
i Required ingredients i Lower flammable limit
i CAS registry number i Auto-ignition temperature
i PIN i Hazardous combustion products
i LD50 (species and route) i Explosion data- sensitivity to mechanical impact
i LC50 (species and route) i Explosion data – sensitivity to static discharge
2. Preparation information
i Person or group responsible for preparation, and telephone number
i Date of preparation
3. Product Information
i Product identifier
i Product name
i Product use
i Manufacturer’s name, address, and emergency telephone number
i Supplier’s name, address and emergency telephone number
4. Physical data
i Physical state i Evaporation rate
i Odour and appearance i Boiling point
i Odour threshold i Freezing point
i Specific gravity i pH
i Vapour pressure i Coefficient of water/oil distribution
i Vapour density
5. Fire or Explosion Hazard

i Conditions of flammability i Flash point and method of determination
i Means of extinction i Upper flammable limit
i Lower flammable limit i Explosion data – sensitivity to mechanical impact
i Auto-ignition temperature i Explosion data – sensitivity to static discharge
i Hazard combustion products
6. Reactivity Data
i Conditions of instability
i Substances with which product is incompatible
i Condition of reactivity
i Hazardous decomposition products
7. Toxicological Properties
i Route of entry i Carcinogenicity
i Effects of acute exposure i Reproductive toxicity
i Effects of chronic exposure i Teratogenicity
i Exposure limits i Mutagenicity
i Irritancy of product i Toxicologically synergistic products
i Sensitizing properties
8. Preventive Measures
i Personal protective equipment i Handling procedures/equipment
i Engineering controls i Storage requirements
i Spill/leak procedures i Shipping information
i Waste disposal
9. First Aid Measures

i Specific first aid measures

Figure 8 An example of the basic WHMIS MSDS

1. Chemical product and company information;

2. Composition/information on ingredients
3. Hazards identification;
4. First aid measures;
5. Fire fighting measures;
6. Accidental release measures;
7. Handling and storage;
8. Exposure controls, personal protection;
9. Physical and chemical properties;
10. Stability and reactivity;
11. Toxicological information;
12. Ecological information;
13. Disposal considerations;
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information; and
16. Other information.
Note:
ISO = International Organization for Standardization
ILO = International Labour Organization
ECC = European Community Commission
ANSI = American National Standards Institute
How do I get MSDSs for the controlled products at my company?
Canadian suppliers (or distributors) will send you WHMIS MSDSs when you buy
controlled products from them. They’ll provide those MSDSs in your choice of English or
French. If you don’t specify which language you prefer, the supplier will send the MSDS
in whichever of those languages you and the supplier usually communicate.
You should note however that the supplier does not have to send you an MSDS with
every shipment of a specific controlled product. The supplier will send a WHMIS MSDS
with the first shipment. After that, the supplier is only required to send you a new MSDS
for the product with the next shipment you buy after the MSDS has been updated.
Employers are responsible for obtaining or developing MSDSs for the other controlled
products at their work sites. These include controlled products purchased before
WHMIS came into effect, controlled products obtained from foreign suppliers and
controlled products produced at the work site for use there.
Suppliers may be able, and willing, to provide WHMIS MSDSs (as well as supplier
labels) for “old” products or imported products. If not, your company will have to take on
this task.
Am I responsible for updating all these MSDSs?
As you know, Canadian suppliers are required to provide you with a current MSDS (up-
to-date and less than three years old) when you buy a controlled product. You can
expect your supplier will provide updated MSDSs (whenever one is available) for
controlled products you buy on a regular basis. Whenever you receive an updated

MSDS from one of your regular suppliers, replace the MSDS you have with the updated
one.
You may have a number of controlled products that you buy on a one-time-only or an
irregular basis. Keeping the MSDSs for these products up-to-date might be a bit more
complicated. Whenever you become aware of new hazard information which pertains to
one of these products, or whenever one of these MSDSs becomes three years old, your
company will have to update the sheet. You could contact the supplier and request the
current MSDS. But remember that the supplier doesn’t have a legal obligation to provide
it to you until you buy more of the product. Alternatively, you can ask the supplier for
enough information to update the MSDS yourself. If the supplier does not cooperate you
will either have to use your company resources to get the MSDS updated or stop using
the product.
MSDSs for controlled products which are produced at your company or which you import
for use at your company must be updated by your company. They must be reviewed
every three years (or more often if new hazard information becomes available in the
interim), and updated as necessary.
My supplier says that some of the ingredients in the product are secret. Can he
get away with that?
WHMIS makes provision for the protection of certain secret information, called
“confidential business information,” from disclosure on WHMIS supplier labels or
MSDSs.
Only certain specific information qualifies as confidential business information. Even this
specific information may be withheld from disclosure only when certain conditions are
met.
Suppliers may withhold the identity of any ingredient(s) in a controlled product, the
concentration of any ingredient(s), or the identity of any toxicology study which would
identify the ingredient(s), as confidential business information. Employers may withhold
the product identifier and information which would identify the supplier, as well as the
same information which suppliers may withhold.
Other information — physical properties, hazard information and preparation — must

always be revealed on the MSDS. It can never be withheld as confidential business
information.
If confidential business information has been withheld from a supplier label or MSDS,
this fact will be clearly indicated. The secret information will be replaced with a
Hazardous Materials Information Review Commission (HMIRC) Registry number and the
date on which the claim was filed (or date when the information was validated as secret.)
Confidential business information is discussed later in this Safety Bulletin.

We like to transfer supplier MSDSs onto our own MSDS format. Is that okay?
WHMIS does not discourage this practice. In fact, standard format company MSDSs
have many advantages. A consistent format from one sheet to the next makes it much
easier for readers to find the specific information they are looking for. And the use of
consistent terminology throughout the complete collection of MSDSs improves
readability.
Employer MSDSs must contain all of the information that was on the supplier MSDS.
Additional hazard information that the employer is aware of should also be included on
the employer MSDS. The original supplier MSDSs must be available to persons at the
work site, and the employer MSDS must indicate this fact.
Are there any controlled products at the work site that don’t require MSDSs?
Certain controlled products such as pesticides, explosives, etc., are excluded from the
supplier aspects of WHMIS. (These are discussed on page 6.) Suppliers are not
required to provide MSDSs for these products, and employers are not required to obtain
them.
MSDSs are not required for intermediate products in reaction vessels either. These
chemicals have a very short life. Often, they are not even identified.
Finally, laboratory supply houses are permitted to sell certain controlled products without
providing MSDSs. These controlled products must be less than 10 kilograms in quantity
and sold for use in laboratories only. Instead of the basic supplier label, they must be
labelled with all of the information that is required for the basic WHMIS MSDS.
Is there anything else that I need to know about MSDSs?
Just one thing. MSDSs for the controlled products at your work site must be readily
available to workers who might want to see them. There’s no requirement about where
you should keep them, but it has to be a place where workers have access to the
information on the MSDSs whenever they need it. You may wish to make extra copies
of MSDSs so you can locate them in different areas of your work site. MSDSs can be
available in electronic format as long as workers can readily access them.

Worker Education
What must be included in WHMIS worker education?
WHMIS worker education includes four areas of instruction:
1. WHMIS labels and MSDSs;

2. hazard information;
3. identification codes; and
4. procedure for the safe use, storage and handling of controlled products, and
procedures for dealing with fugitive emissions and emergencies.
Provision of information about WHMIS labels and MSDSs is referred to as “generic

WHMIS worker education”. It includes instruction in the content that must be present on
WHMIS supplier labels, WHMIS work site labels and WHMIS MSDSs, as well as
instruction in the meaning of that information and its significance to persons at the work
site.
Generic WHMIS worker education is extremely important. Labels, and to an even

greater extent, MSDSs, are the major source of hazard information for persons at most
work sites. For this reason, it’s imperative that people know what information to expect
on labels and MSDSs and that they understand what that information really means.
Instruction in hazard information, identification codes and safe work procedures is known
as “work site specific WHMIS worker education”.
Hazard information includes all pertinent hazard information on the controlled products a
person works with or the controlled products a person is involved in producing. All the
hazard information provided by suppliers of the products, and all other hazard
information of which the employer is aware, must be included in the worker education.
“Identification Codes” includes colour codes, number codes and any other means of
clear identification that is used to “label” controlled products in transfer systems, reaction
vessels, etc.
Instruction in procedures may have been provided already, during operations training or
other occupational health and safety training. If so, and if that training meets the WHMIS
worker education standard for effectiveness, the training need not be repeated for
WHMIS purposes.
Do I have to provide WHMIS worker education for all my workers?
The answer to that question depends on the work that each person performs.
All persons at your work site who work with or in proximity to controlled products, or who
do work involved in the manufacture of a controlled product, must be provided with
WHMIS worker education.
The generic worker education will be the same for all persons who participate in your
worker education program. But the work site specific component of the program will

probably vary among groups of workers. The hazard information a person needs to
know and the procedures in which a person is trained depends on the work they do.
How often do I have to conduct WHMIS worker education at my company?
The WHMIS law doesn’t specify how frequently worker education must be conducted.
Instead, it provides a standard for the effectiveness of the training and requires that the
standard be achieved on an ongoing basis.
What is the standard for WHMIS worker education?
The program is considered to be effective when workers can apply the information they
were taught to protect their own health and safety on the job.
You might use a variety of methods to decide if this standard has been achieved. These
could include practical or written tests, job observation, etc. The legislation does not
specify how to conduct the training, how frequently to conduct it, or how to test for
achievement of the standard. It leaves all those decisions to you, to do in the way that
works best at your company.
Adequately informed workers can be identified by their ability to answer four questions:
1. What are the hazards of the controlled product?

2. How are you protected from those hazards?
3. What do you do in case of an emergency?
4. Where can you get additional hazard information? (this checks the worker’s ability to
read and understand a WHMIS label and MSDS)
The employer must review the program of instruction at least once each year, or more
often if conditions at the work site change or new information on a controlled product
becomes available. This does not necessarily mean that re-instruction is required, but is
meant to identify whether the program should be updated.
Where can I get my workers trained?
Many private companies provide training services to assist you with developing or
presenting generic WHMIS worker education. Or, of course, you can design and
present it in-house.
Work site specific WHMIS worker education is another matter. It involves training
personnel in procedures that are specific to your company. Only rarely would an outside
firm be familiar enough with those procedures to teach your staff to conduct them. This
training is best designed and provided by on-site personnel.

Confidential Business Information

What does “confidential business information” mean?
Confidential business information is specific information that would otherwise have to be

revealed on a WHMIS label or MSDS but is a company secret that is financially valuable
to the company. Genuine confidential business information may be withheld from
disclosure on WHMIS labels or MSDSs.
What information may be withheld as confidential business information?
Suppliers may withhold:

§ the identity or concentration of one or more ingredients of a controlled product; or
§ the name of toxicological studies that would identify those ingredients, if this
information is genuine confidential business information.
An employer may need to protect the identity of a product used at the company. The
supplier may need to keep this information secret even from staff. For example, the
product may be a secret ingredient in an important product that the company produces,
or it may be a catalyst in a chemical reaction that occurs along the production line. The
employer may need to keep this information secret even though the supplier of the
product has no particular need to do so.
Employers may withhold the same information as suppliers. They may also withhold the
product identifier or information that would identify the supplier if it is genuine confidential
business information.
What if the supplier claims that some of the hazard information is confidential?
Hazard information can never be withheld from disclosure.
Only the information described in the previous section may be withheld. Even that
limited amount of information may be withheld only if it is validated as WHMIS
confidential business information.
Who decides if the information really is confidential business information?
Suppliers or employers who wish to withhold any of the information described above
must file a claim with the Hazardous Materials Information Review Commission (HMIRC)
that the information is genuine confidential business information.
Parties who have claims of confidential business information must submit the following
information to the Commission:
§ the secret information;
§ evidence that the information is confidential;
§ the MSDS and/or label in the form in which the claimant wants to use it, i.e. with the
“confidential information” omitted but with all other required information included; and
§ a filing fee.

Staff at the HMIRC review the claim to determine its validity and review the product’s
MSDS and/or label to ensure that the information is complete and accurate.
For importers of controlled products, trade secrets, proprietary information, or a

registered trade secret claim in another country are not valid in Canada. The
manufacturer must register with HMIRC if they wish to withhold confidential business
information.
How do I know if the claim has been validated?
Claimants are given a registry number when they submit their claims to the Commission.
They are required to record this number and the date the claim was submitted on their
label and/or MSDS in place of the withheld information.
If the claim is accepted, the claimant must indicate this fact on the label and/or MSDS
along with the registry number and the date the claim was validated.
What happens if a claim is not validated?
If the Commission decides that a claim is not valid, the claimant will be ordered to reveal
the information they had applied to withhold, or to remove the product from the market.
Decisions of the Commission may be appealed to a tripartite appeals panel. This is the
final step that may be taken in the effort to protect information from disclosure on
WHMIS labels or MSDSs.
What happens if there’s an incident involving a controlled product that has a

confidential ingredient?
Suppliers or employers who have been granted an exemption from disclosure of

confidential business information must reveal that information to a medical professional if
the information is needed for diagnosis or treatment of a medical emergency.
They must also reveal the information to government inspectors who need it to conduct
investigations into the health and safety of workers at companies where the product is
being used.
Persons who receive confidential business information under these circumstances are
required to keep the information confidential. Anyone violating this requirement is
subject to the same penalties as persons who violate the Hazardous Products Act.

Glossary
Acute exposure — a single exposure, or exposure over a short time.
Acute toxic effects (acute toxicity) — effects that take place after a single exposure or
after a short series of exposures within 24 hours.
Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act — lays out employers’ and workers’
fundamental responsibilities for health and safety at work sites in Alberta. The
authorities of the Alberta government to enforce these responsibilities are also found in
this Act. Details of employers’ and workers’ responsibilities are specified in regulations
written under the authority of the Act.
American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) — an international

association of occupational hygienists who develop many guidelines for the practice of
occupational hygiene. One of the most important of these guidelines is Threshold Limit
Values and Biological Exposure Indices. An updated version is published every year.
This publication serves as the basis for occupational exposure limits in many
jurisdictions around the world.
Autoignition temperature — the lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite when
no spark or flame is present.
Boiling point — the temperature above which a product boils. Vapour is given off very
rapidly at temperatures above the boiling point.
CAS Registry Number — Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. This is a unique
reference number used when looking up research information about a particular
chemical.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) — an occupational

health and safety information service, located in Hamilton, Ontario. The Centre provides
publications on many occupational health and safety subjects and access to a very large
collection of advice on occupational health and safety problems. www.ccohs.org
Chemical Hazards Regulations — the Alberta regulation that contains details of

employers’ and workers’ WHMIS responsibilities. It also contains other requirements
regarding chemicals at workplaces.
Chronic exposure — exposure to a low concentration of a substance over an extended

period of time.
Chronic toxic effects (chronic toxicity) — effects that occur after chronic exposure or that
occur a long time after exposure.
Coefficient of water/oil distribution — the ratio of a product’s distribution between the

water and oil portions of a mixture of water and oil. A value of less than 1 indicates that
the product is more soluble in oils. A value of greater than 1 indicates that the product is
more soluble in water.

Combustion product — a product formed when a material is burned.
Complex mixture — a mixture that is a combination of many chemicals, has a commonly

known generic name and is:
(a) naturally-occurring;
(b) a fraction of a naturally-occurring mixture that results from a separation process; or
(c) a modification of a naturally-occurring mixture or a modification of a fraction of a
naturally-occurring mixture that results from a chemical modification process.
Condensation — a type of chemical reaction in which water is formed as a by-product.
Conditions of flammability — a subsection of the WHMIS MSDS that describes

conditions under which a product will polymerize, decompose, condense or become self-
reactive. These conditions could include pressure, heat, vibration, jarring or the
presence of moisture or air.
Conditions of reactivity — a term on the WHMIS MSDS to describe conditions under

which two or more materials will react together. These conditions could include the
presence of light, elevated temperatures, aging, or the absence of an inhibitor.
Controlled products — products, materials or substances that meet the criteria for one or
more of the six WHMIS classes of products. Controlled products are dealt with in Part II
of the Hazardous Products Act.
Controlled Products Regulations — federal regulations written under the authority of the
Hazardous Products Act. They contain the details of suppliers’ WHMIS responsibilities,
including classification, supplier labels and WHMIS MSDSs.
Cumulative toxic effects — effects that usually occur after long exposure to a substance.
The exposures occur many times and the effects “accumulate”. Even very small
individual exposures may result in a toxic effect.
Date of preparation — is included on the WHMIS MSDS to indicate the date when the
sheet was last updated. This date must never be more than three years old.
Decomposition — breakdown of a material into two or more different materials.
Decomposition product — a product that may be released as a result of aging or

reaction with airborne oxygen or moisture.
Edema — accumulation of fluid in tissue i.e. swelling.
Engineering controls — a subsection of the WHMIS MSDS that includes measures for
eliminating or reducing chemical hazards to which workers may be exposed. Examples
include the substitution of less hazardous products for more hazardous ones, enclosure
of processes to prevent the release of hazardous materials, or local exhaust ventilation
to remove airborne contaminants at their point(s) of generation.
Erythema — patches of reddened, bumpy skin.

Evaporation rate — a term on a WHMIS MSDS that indicates how quickly a substance
vapourizes compared with butyl acetate. (The evaporation rate of butyl acetate is 1.)
Substances with a high evaporation rate can get into the air very quickly.
Explosion data – sensitivity to impact — a term on a WHMIS MSDS to indicate whether

a product will explode if it is jarred or scraped.
Explosion data – sensitivity to static discharge — a term on a WHMIS MSDS to indicate

whether a product will explode if it is exposed to static electricity.
Exposure limits — the concentrations of chemicals that may not be exceeded in

workplace air. Exposure limits have different names and often have different numerical
values in different provinces and territories. In Alberta they are called Occupational
Exposure Limits (OELs) and are listed in the Chemical Hazards Regulation.
First aid measures — a subsection of the WHMIS MSDS that describes the main first aid
actions to be taken if a worker is seriously overexposed.
Flash point — the lowest temperature at which a product will give off enough vapour to
catch fire when it is exposed to a source of ignition. The lower the flash point, the
greater the potential fire hazard. There should be a notation beside the flash point value
to indicate the test method that was used.
Freezing point — the temperature below which a liquid material turns into a solid. It is
identical to the melting point, the temperature above which a solid material becomes
liquid.
Generic WHMIS worker education — the component of the WHMIS worker education
program that includes a general introduction to WHMIS, training in the required content
of WHMIS labels and MSDSs, and training in the purpose and significance of that
information to workers’ health and safety on the job.
Handling procedures/equipment — a subsection of a WHMIS MSDS that describes the

basic precautions to be observed when handling the product or the basic equipment to
be used during handling.
Hazard information — all information on the safe use, storage, and handling of a
controlled product, including toxicological information.
Hazardous Materials Information Act — the federal act that allows the protection of
confidential business information. It specifies what information may be protected and
establishes the Hazardous Materials Information Review Commission.
Hazardous Materials Information Review Commission — the organization, located in

Ottawa, which reviews claims of confidential information, i.e. the conditions under which
information may be protected, the procedures for filing a claim, etc.
Hazardous Products Act — the act that specifies suppliers’ responsibilities regarding
“prohibited products”, “restricted products” and “controlled products”. WHMIS includes
only controlled products.

Importer — a person or company that brings a controlled product into Canada for sale
to, or use at, a work site. Importers have the same WHMIS responsibilities as suppliers.
Incompatible substances — materials which, when combined with a specific product, will
cause the production of toxic or corrosive materials, excessive heat or an explosion.
Ingredient Disclosure List — a list of 1,736 chemicals which, if present as an ingredient

in a controlled product at concentrations greater than the cut-off concentrations specified
on the List, must be revealed on the MSDS. The Ingredient Disclosure List is not a list of
controlled products. (There is no comprehensive list of controlled products.)
Irritancy — the ability of a product to cause local effects in the area where it contacts the
body, such as the throat, eyes or skin. Effects could include redness, itching or swelling.
Laboratory — any location where samples are taken or analyzed.
LC50 (Lethal Concentration50 ) — this is the unit for measuring the toxicity of chemicals
that are inhaled into the body. It represents the amount of a chemical that will cause
death in 50% of a group of test animals. LC50 values are usually expressed as ppm
(parts of chemical per million parts of air) for dusts, mists or fumes. They vary with the
species of animal and the length of exposure. You can expect to see this information in
brackets beside the LC 50 value, for example, LC 50 = 2ppm (mouse, 4 hours).
LD50 (Lethal Dose 50 ) — this is the unit for measuring toxicity of chemicals that enter the
body by any route other than inhalation e.g. through ingestion or skin absorption. It
represents the amount of a chemical that will cause death in 50% of a group of test
animals. LD 50 values are usually expressed in mg/kg (milligrams of chemical per
kilogram of animal body weight). They vary with the animal species, the route of
exposure, and the length of exposure. You can expect to see this information in
brackets beside the LD 50 value, for example, LD 50 = 5 mg/kg (rat, oral, 8 weeks).
Lower explosive limit (LEL) or Lower flammable limit (LFL) — the lowest concentration of
a substance in air that will explode when it is exposed to a source of ignition. At
concentrations below the LEL, the mixture is “too lean” to explode. The LEL is the same
as the LFL.
Means of extinction — a subsection of a WHMIS MSDS that describes the type of fire
extinguisher that should be used on a small fire involving the product and the main
firefighting agents to be used for a major fire.
Mutagenicity — a product’s ability to change the genetic materials in the body cells of
exposed persons. Mutations in germ cells (sperm and ova) may be passed on to the
exposed person’s children. Mutations to other cells affect only the person who was
exposed.
Odour threshold — the lowest concentration of a substance in air at which most people
can smell it.
Organic peroxide — a particular type of chemical. It is a very powerful oxidizer, highly

self-reactive if heated or shocked, and very irritating to skin, eyes, throat and respiratory
tract.

Oxidizing material — any material that can give up oxygen or other oxidizing materials.
Oxidizing materials stimulate combustion and are incompatible with flammable
substances.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) — the clothing or equipment that a worker who is
handling a hazardous material can wear to reduce or prevent their exposure to the
substance. PPE may include coveralls, goggles, a faceshield, apron, gloves or
respirator.
pH — a measure of a substance’s acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 7 is neutral. Substances

with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline (caustic). Alkalinity increases as the number
increases. Substances with a pH less than 7 are acidic. Acidity increases as the pH
decreases.
Physical state — indicates whether a product is a solid, liquid or gas.
Polymerization — the combination of simple molecules to form large chain-like macro-

molecules. This reaction can sometimes be observed as the “hardening” of a “non-
inhibited” liquid product.
Prohibited products — products that may not be sold, advertised or distributed in

Canada. These products are dealt with in Part I of the Hazardous Products Act. They
are not involved in WHMIS.
Preparation information — a subsection of the WHMIS MSDS that identifies a person or

group that can explain the information on the MSDS or can give further information
about the product if it is needed. A telephone number for this person or group is also
included.
Reproductive toxicity — a product’s ability to affect the fertility of persons exposed to it.
The effects include changes in sperm or ova, and miscarriages.
Restricted products — products that must be labelled in a particular way if they are to be
sold in Canada. They are dealt with in Part I of the Hazardous Products Act. Restricted
products that are packaged in sizes appropriate for the general public, labelled as
required by the HPA and offered for sale in ordinary retail outlets are considered, for the
purposes of WHMIS, to be “consumer products”.
Route of entry — the way a product enters the body. The most common routes for
workplace chemicals to enter the body are inhalation, ingestion and absorption through
the skin.
Note: Contact between a product and the skin does not necessarily result in the
material being absorbed into the body. The material could cause a chemical
burn or a rash on the surface of the skin or eye and never enter the body.
Sale (of a controlled product) — includes “offer for sale”, “expose for sale” or “distribute”.

Sensitization — a product’s ability to affect the body’s immune system so that further
exposures may result in symptoms. These symptoms may be as minor as a slight
irritation of the skin or as profound as severe respiratory distress. Different sensitizers
cause different types of symptoms.
Shipping information — specific instructions on the WHMIS MSDS for preventing

“conditions of flammability, instability, or reactivity” from developing during shipping.
Specific gravity — the weight of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume
of water. Substances with a specific gravity greater than 1 are heavier than water.
Substances with a specific gravity of less than 1 are lighter than water.
Spill/leak procedures — a term on a WHMIS MSDS. These procedures describe the

steps to be taken in the event of a spill or leak of the controlled product.
Storage requirements — specific instructions on the WHMIS MSDS for preventing

“conditions of flammability, instability, or reactivity” from developing during storage.
Supplier — a person or company that manufactures, processes or packages a controlled

product, or that sells or imports a controlled product.
Synergism — a phenomenon involving the simultaneous effects of exposure to two

substances. Synergistic substances cause effects that are greater than the sum of the
effect caused by the two individual substances alone.
Teratogenicity — a product’s ability to cause damage to a fetus without affecting the

pregnant female.
Threshold limit values (TLVs) — airborne concentrations of substances. TLVs represent

conditions to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be exposed day after day,
without suffering adverse effects. ACGIH developed this term.
Toxicity — a basic property of a substance. It is the substance’s ability to cause adverse

effects in persons exposed to it.
Transportation of Dangerous Goods legislation (TDG) — legislation that controls the

conditions under which dangerous materials may be transported on public roads, in the
air, by rail or by ship. Its purpose is to protect the health and safety of persons in the
vicinity of transport accidents involving those materials.
Upper explosive limit (UEL)or Upper flammable limit (UFL) — the greatest concentration
of a substance in air that will explode when it is exposed to a source of ignition. At
concentrations greater than the UEL, the mixture is “too rich” to explode. The UEL is the
same as the UFL.
Vapour density — the weight of a vapour or gas compared to the weight of an equal
volume of air. Substances with vapour densities greater than 1 sink to low lying areas
and accumulate there. If the substance is flammable, a dropped match or a spark can
cause a fire or explosion. If toxic, persons working in low areas (such as mechanics’
pits) may be exposed to high concentrations of the vapour and suffer the acute effects of
the product.

Vapour pressure — the pressure exerted by the vapour formed over a liquid in a closed
container, under standard test conditions, reported as an absolute pressure. Vapour
pressure increases as temperature increases until the criteria temperature is reached.
The presence of these vapours in the air may be a hazard, especially if the vapours are
flammable or toxic, or in confined spaces where they may displace breathable air out of
the space.
Waste disposal — a term on a WHMIS MSDS that describes effective and

environmentally safe ways to dispose of waste that contains the controlled product.
Work site – specific WHMIS worker education — the portion of the WHMIS worker
education program in which workers are trained in the hazard information applicable to
the controlled products they work with or near, and in work procedures applicable to
those products.

Appendix 1 Obtaining WHMIS legislation

Alberta WHMIS legislation
Alberta’s Occupational Health and Safety Act (RSA 1980, Ch. 0-2) and its regulations,
including the Chemical Hazards Regulation (AR 393/88), may be purchased from the
Queen’s Printer:
11510 Kingsway Avenue Main Floor, 455-6th Street SW

Edmonton, Alberta Calgary, Alberta
T5G 2Y5 T2P 4E8
(780) 427-4952 (403) 297-6251
The Act and its regulations are also available at the Alberta Human Resources and
Employment, Workplace Health and Safety Web site at : www.whs.gov.ab.ca
Federal WHMIS legislation
The Hazardous Products Act (am. S.C. 1987, c.30) and its regulations:
§ the Controlled Products Regulations (SOR/DORS/88-66; am. SOR/88/555); and
§ the Ingredient Disclosure List (SOR/DORS/88/64),
along with
The Hazardous Materials Information Review Act (am.S.C. 1987, c.30) and its
regulation, the Hazardous Materials Information Review Regulation (SOR/88-65; am.
SOR/88-510; am. OR/89-288), may be obtained from federal government publication
outlets across Canada or:
Supply and Services Canada

Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0S9
(819) 997-2560

Appendix 2 Resources
Books
§ British Columbia Workers’ Compensation Board (January 1991) WHMIS Core

Manual. A Resource Manual for the Application and Implementation of WHMIS,
Richmond, BC: Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia. (604) 276-3068,
www.wcb.bc.ca
§ Logan, Jeanette, E.C. (ed.) (1989) WHMIS Compliance Manual, Canada: The
Carswell Company.
§ Moser, Cindy (Project Manager) (1988) The WHMIS Handbook, Don Mills, Ontario:
Corpus Information Services, A Division of Southam Communications Ltd.
§ WHMIS Current Issues Committee, WHMIS Education and Training Programs:

Guidelines for Employers, Workers and Regulatory Agencies. Distributed by
Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia, Richmond, B.C.
Booklet* and Safety Bulletin
§ WHMIS – Information for Workers (CH007)

§ WHMIS – Information for Suppliers (CH009)
Poster*
§ Check The Signs (CH006)
*Available from Alberta Human Resources and Employment, Workplace Health and Safety.
Personal Assistance
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)

250 Main Street
Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6
www.ccohs.org
A list of WHMIS consultants (e.g. occupational hygienists, trainers, publishers, etc.) is

available, upon request, from Alberta Human Resources and Employment, Workplace
Health and Safety.

For more information about workplace safety or safe work practices, contact the Alberta
Human Resources and Employment, Workplace Health and Safety Call Centre by
dialling toll-free:
% 1-866-415-8690
Deaf or hearing impaired call:
ä Edmonton (780) 427-9999 Other locations 1-800-232-7215
For more publications, visit our Web site at: www.whs.gov.ab.ca
To obtain copies of the Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations,
view and download them from our Web site or contact the Queen’s Printer by dialling
toll-free 310-0000 and one of the numbers listed below:
ä Edmonton……(780) 427-4952 Calgary………..…(403) 297-6251

Appendix E: Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG).
19/06/01 36
Transport Canada Transports Canada
Safety and Security Sécurité et sûreté
Dangerous Goods Marchandises dangereuses
?
8
5.1 2
Classification
EXPLOSIVE
1.1D
and RADIOACTIVE
1 7
Safety Marks
4 4
INFECTIOUS INFECTIEUX
IN CASE OF DAMAGE EN CAS DE DOMMAGE
OR LEAKAGE OU DE FUITE COMMUNIQUER
IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY IMMÉDIATEMENT
LOCAL AVEC LES AUTORITÉS
AUTHORITIES LOCALES
OR OU
CANUTEC
613-996-6666
TP10164
NOVEMBER 1996
© Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1996

Cat. No. T44-3/16-1993, 2nd Edition
ISBN 0-662-59538-6
Dangerous Goods
Classification
and
Safety Marks
Table of Contents
Topic
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1
Explanation of Terms ..................................................................................................................... 1
Classification .................................................................................................................................. 2
Safety marks ................................................................................................................................... 3
The Nine Classes ........................................................................................................................... 4
Class 1 Explosives .................................................................................................... 4
Class 2 Gases ........................................................................................................... 6
Class 3 Flammable Liquids ....................................................................................... 7
Class 4 Flammable Solids ......................................................................................... 8
Class 5 Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides.............................................. 9
Class 6 Poisonous Substances and Infectious Substances .................................... 10
Class 7 Radioactive Materials ................................................................................. 11
Class 8 Corrosive Substances ................................................................................ 12
Class 9 Miscellaneous Substances ......................................................................... 12
Danger Placard .......................................................................................................... 13
Marine Pollutant ......................................................................................................... 13
Special Labels and Placards ...................................................................................... 13
Contacts: Federal .......................................................................................................................... 14
Contacts: Provincial/Territorial ....................................................................................................... 15
Dangerous Goods - Classification and Safety Marks
Introduction The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations were enacted to
promote public safety when dangerous goods are transported in Canada. This
legislation is the result of a cooperative effort among the federal, provincial and
territorial governments and industry. Since the responsibility for controlling and
regulating transportation is a shared one, the federal provincial and territorial
governments are working together to ensure that dangerous goods requirements
are uniform across the country for manufacturers and shippers and apply to all
modes of transport - air, marine, rail and road.
This brochure provides a general outline of the classes of dangerous goods and
their characteristics as well as general information on the responsibility of
consignors to properly identify consignments of dangerous goods with the correct
safety marks. For specific information, the Act and Regulations must be
consulted.
Explanation The explanations listed below are provided for ease of understanding only and
of Terms may not be substituted for the definitions as they appear in the Regulations.
Compatibility Group - identifies the kinds of Class 1 explosive substances
and articles that can be transported together without significantly increasing
either the probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of
the effects of such an accident.
Consignor - the person who offers the shipment for transport (normally the
shipper).
Lables - small diamond-shaped safety marks placed on packages and small
containers to identify the hazard of the dangerous goods.
Packing Group - indicates the degree of danger of a product or substance.
Group I, great danger; II, moderate danger; III, minor danger.
Placards - large diamond-shaped safety marks used on a vehicle or large
container to identify the hazard of the dangerous goods.
Primary Classification - the classification of a dangerous good that takes
precedence over any other classification.
Product Identification Number - a four-digit United Nations or North
American number used to identify the dangerous goods.
Subsidiary Classification - other classifications that further identify the
hazards of the dangerous goods.
1
Classification The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act divides dangerous goods into
nine classes, defined on pages 4 to 13, according to the type of danger they
present. Some of these classes are further divided into divisions which are also
associated with hazard characteristics. For example, for Class 1.2 explosives,
the numeral 1 is the class and 2 is the division.
Below is a pictorial summary to help manufacturers or importers use the
Regulations to classify dangerous goods for domestic transport. For transborder
transport, Parts IV, V and VII should also be consulted and for international
transport the ICAO Technical Instructions or IMDG Code should be consulted,
where applicable.
Is the product completely and accurately described by the shipping name (and its
attached description) in normal-type face in List I or List II of the Schedule II?
NO YES
Use the information in the various columns
corresponding to that name and the
Consult Part III of the Regulations. applicable Special Provisions from
Schedule III.
If item is in Class 1, 7, 9.1 or 9.2, it will be

classified pursuant to another regulatory
Classes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.1, 8 and 9.3 have authority. Class 9.2 will be regulated in
criteria and require tests to be accordance with Schedule II or Schedule
completed as detailed in Part III. XIII.
For Class 6.2, definitions and
professional expert judgement are
required; Class 6.2 must also be
based upon Schedule VII. Based on
the definitions and criteria, three
scenarios exist.
Falls out of Falls into one class Falls into more than one class
all classes and division and/or division
Not regulated. Consult List II of Determine primary classification,

Schedule II for subsidiary classification(s) and
appropriate name Packing group(s) for each hazard
in caps and the and the precedence of hazards as
applicable special found in Part III and Schedule I
provisions from and consult List II of Schedule II
Schedule III. for the appropriate name in caps
and the applicable special
provisions from Schedule III.
2
Safety Marks Safety marks communicate by colour and symbol the degree and nature of the
hazard of dangerous goods. These safety marks are displayed on containers,
packages, tanks and cylinders and on transport units. There are four groups of
safety marks: labels, placards, signs and other safety marks.
Labels indicate the primary classification of dangerous goods and, in some cases,
the subsidiary classification. Unless otherwise specified, they must be applied to
every small container, package and cylinder that contains dangerous goods and
is to be offered for transport. (They need not be applied to inner receptacles in
packages).
Placards also indicate the primary and, where applicable, the subsidiary
classification of dangerous goods by colour, symbol and, in some cases, product
identification number. Unless otherwise specified, they must be applied on each
side and each end of the large container or the transport unit so that they are
visible from any direction.
Other safety marks are not necessarily symbols but additional information which
may be required. For example, the shipping name and the product identification
number must appear on a small container or package. For more detailed
information, please refer to the Regulations (section 5.37).
There are also special labels and placards for use in certain situations, such as
“Ventilation requirements”, “Fumigation sign”, “Residu (e)”, “Polychlorinated
biphenyls” and “This side up.” For more detailed information, please refer to the
Regulations.
3
The Nine Classes A brief description of the nine classes, their divisions, where applicable,
common examples and uses and the appropriate placard and label is provided
below.
Class 1 As defined by the Explosives Act:

Explosives 1.1 - A substance or article with a mass explosion hazard.
1.2 - A substance or article with a fragment projection hazard, but not a
mass explosion hazard.
1.3 - A substance or article which has a fire hazard along with either a
minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a
mass explosion hazard.
EXPLOSIVE EXPLOSIVE A EXPLOSIVE B
*1 *1 *1
EXPLOSIVE EXPLOSIVE A EXPLOSIVE B
*1 *1 *1
Domestic U.S./Canada
* Divisions 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 and compatiblity group.
1.4 - A substance or article which presents no significant hazard; explosion

effects are largely confined to the package and no projection or
fragments of appreciable size or range are to be expected.
1.4 1.4
EXPLOSIVE EXPLOSIVE C
1.4 *1
1.4 *1
EXPLOSIVE EXPLOSIVE C
*1 *1
* Compatiblity group.
* Compatibility Group
There are 13 compatibility group letters used for segregation purposes
in the transportation of Explosives: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, N and S.
The appropriate letter must be displayed on the label and/or placard.
4
Class 1 1.5 - A very insensitive substance which nevertheless has a mass explosion
Cont’d hazard like those substances in 1.1.
1.5 1.5
BLASTING
AGENTS
1.5 1.5
D D
1 1
BLASTING
AGENTS
D D
1 1
1.6 - An extremely insensitive substance which does not have a mass

explosion hazard.
1.6
*1
1.6
*1
* Compatiblity group.
Explosives are considered to be “compatible” with other explosive substances if

they can be transported together without significantly increasing either the
probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects if
an accident should occur. The 13 compatibility groups are listed in the United
Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, also called
the “Orange Book”.
Commonly used in mining and construction operations
(example: blasting agents).
Hazards
mass explosion
projection of missile hazards
mass fire, minor blast effects
toxic fumes
5
Class 2 2.1 - Flammable Gas.
Gases Commonly used as fuel (example: propane).
Cont’d
2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous, Non-Corrosive Gas.

Commonly used in food refrigeration (example: nitrogen).
2 2
Oxygen only
2.3 - Poison Gas (Toxic Gas).

Commonly used in pulp bleaching (example: sulphur dioxide).
Poison gas /
Gaz toxique
2 2
Poison gas /
Gaz toxique
2 2
6
Class 2 2.4 - Corrosive Gas.
Cont’d Commonly used in fertilizers (example: anhydrous ammonia).
Hazards
BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion)
asphyxiation explosion or fire
toxicity corrosiveness
irritation container rupture
container rocketing frostbite
Class 3 A liquid which has a closed-cup flash point* not greater than 61o C.
Flammable Liquids Commonly used as fuel (example: gasoline, ethanol, fuel oil (diesel)).
* Flash point: the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient
vapour to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid.
Hazards
BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion)
fire
toxic fumes
corrosivity
unconfined vapour cloud explosion
water contamination
7
Class 4 4.1 - A solid that under normal conditions of transport is readily combustible,
Flammable Solids; or would cause or contribute to fire through friction or from heat retained
from manufacturing or processing, or is a self-reactive substance that is
Substances liable
liable to undergo a strongly exothermic reaction, or is a desensitized
to spontaneous explosive that is liable to explode if they are not diluted sufficiently
combustion; to suppress their explosive properties.
Substances that on Commonly used in lacquers (example: nitrocellulose).
contact with water
emit flammable
gases 4
(water-reactive substances)
4.2 - A substance liable to spontaneous combustion under normal conditions

of transport, or when in contact with air, liable to spontaneous heating to
the point where it ignites.
Commonly used in rocket fuel (example: diethylzinc).
4.3 - A substance that, on contact with water emits dangerous quantities of

flammable gases or becomes spontaneously combustible on contact with
water or water vapour.
Commonly used in heat exchangers (valves) (example: sodium).
8
Class 4 Hazards
Cont’d may ignite
may burn violently
may be air or water reactive
may be spontaneously combustible
may also be toxic and/or corrosive
may give off toxic/corrosive fumes
Class 5 5.1 - A substance which causes or contributes to the combustion of other material
Oxidizing by yielding oxygen or other oxidizing substances whether or not the
substance itself is combustible.
Substances
Commonly used in fertilizers (example: ammonium nitrate).
and
Organic Peroxides
5.1
5.1
5.2 - An organic compound that contains the bivalent “-O-O-” structure which
is a strong oxidizing agent and may be liable to explosive decomposition,
be sensitive to heat, shock or friction, react dangerously with other
dangerous goods or may cause damage to the eyes.
Commonly used in automobile body shops as body filler
(example: dibenzoyl peroxide).
5.2
5.2
Hazards
burn easily and intensely
readily supply oxygen (intensifies a fire)
sensitive to heat, shock, friction
may react to contamination
may form explosive mixture
may be toxic
may explode
9
Class 6 6.1 - Poisonous (Toxic) Substances: A solid or liquid that is poisonous through
Poisonous inhalation of its vapours, by skin contact or by ingestion.
Substances Packing Groups I, II and III
and I - Commonly used as chemical reagent in the extraction of gold and
Infectious silver (example: sodium cyanide).
II - Commonly used as a germicide or general disinfectant
Substances
(example: phenol).
Harmful (Packing Group III)

III - Commonly used in solvents and paint removers
(example: methylene chloride).
6 6
or
6 6
6.2 - Infectious Substances (label only).

Commonly used in disease research (example: rabies).
INFECTIOUS INFECTIEUX
IN CASE OF DAMAGE EN CAS DE DOMMAGE
OR LEAKAGE OU DE FUITE COMMUNIQUER
IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY IMMÉDIATEMENT
LOCAL AVEC LES AUTORITÉS
AUTHORITIES LOCALES
OR OU
CANUTEC
613-996-6666
Hazards
6.1 may be toxic by inhalation, absorption or ingestion
6.2 may be infectious to humans, animals or both
10
Class 7 Radioactive materials within the meaning of the Atomic Energy Control Act
Radioactive with activity greater than 74 kBq/kg.
Commonly used in nuclear fuel rods
Materials
(example: radioactive material - LSA (yellow cake)).
Placard
RADIOACTIVE
Labels
There are three categories which indicate the surface radiation level for a package
with Category I being the lowest level and Category III the highest.
RADIOACTIVE I RADIOACTIVE II
CONTENTS..........................CONTENU
RADIOACTIVE III
CONTENTS..........................CONTENU
CONTENTS..........................CONTENU ACTIVITY..........................ACTIVITÉ ACTIVITY..........................ACTIVITÉ
ACTIVITY..........................ACTIVITÉ INDICE DE TRANSPORT INDEX INDICE DE TRANSPORT INDEX
7 7 7
Category I - white Category II - yellow Category III - yellow
Hazards
exposure to radiation
release of radioactive contents (contamination)
11
Class 8 A substance that causes visible necrosis of skin or corrodes steel or non-clad
Corrosive aluminum.
Commonly used in batteries and industrial cleaners
Substances
(example: sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide).
Hazards
destroy living tissue
corrode metals and other materials
may ignite combustibles
Class 9 9.1 - Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods; a substance or product presenting

Miscellaneous dangers sufficient to warrant regulation in transport but which cannot
be ascribed to any other class.
Products or
Commonly used in brake shoes (example: asbestos).
Substances
9.2 - An environmentally hazardous substance.
Commonly used in dry cell batteries (example: ammonium chloride)
(no label or placard required).
9.1 - A dangerous waste.
Commonly found in waste sludges from industrial sources or
treatment sludges from industrial processes (example: waste type 20)
(no label required).
9 9
9 9
Hazards
may be toxic through inhalation of dust particles
may produce toxic fumes
toxic to the environment
may be toxic to humans
12
Danger Placard For most “mixed loads” of dangerous goods having different classifications
the “DANGER” placard may be used for large containers transported by
road and rail.
DANGER
Marine Pollutant International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973
(MARPOL 73/78).
MARINE POLLUTANT
Special Labels
and DANGER DANGER
The lading of this container or Le chargement de ce conteneur ou
vehicle has been fumigated or véhicule a été fumigé ou traité
Placards treated with au
(Name of poisonous liquid, solid (Nom du liquide, solide ou gaz

or gas) toxique)
Before entering for loading or Avant d'entrer pour charger ou
unloading open all portals and décharger ouvrir toutes les portes
test to ensure the cargo space et vérifier que l'espace est vide
is free of gas. de gaz.
VENTILATE BEFORE ENTERING
Fumigation Sign AÉRER AVANT D'ENTRER
Package
Orientation Ventilation
requirements
ATTENTION
CONTAINS PCB - DPC CONTIENT DES
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS DIPHÉNYLES POLYCHLORÉS
RESIDU(E) A TOXIC ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUITS TOXIQUES MEN-

CONTAMINANT SCHEDULED TIONNÉS DANS L'ANNEXE
UNDER THE ENVIRON- DE LA LOI SUR LES CONTA-
MENTAL CONTAMINANTS MINANTS DE L'ENVIRONNE-
ACT. IN CASE OF ACCIDENT, MENT. EN CAS D'ACCIDENT,
SPILL OR FOR DISPOSAL OU DE DÉVERSEMENT, OU
INFORMATION CONTACT POUR SAVOIR COMMENT
THE NEAREST OFFICE OF LES ÉLIMINER, CONTACTER
THE ENVIRONMENTAL LE BUREAU DU SERVICE DE
Tank Car Only

PROTECTION SERVICE, LA PROTECTION DE L'ENVI-
ENVIRONMENT CANADA. RONNEMENT, MINISTERE DE
L'ENVIRONNEMENT, LE
PLUS PRES.
Residues after unloading
Elevated Special PCB

Temperature requirements
13
Contacts Federal Atlantic Region
Chief
Further information Transport Dangerous Goods Directorate
CANUTEC Transport Dangerous Goods
is available from: Transport Canada
Transport Canada
Ottawa, Ontario 45 Alderney Drive, Suite 1415
K1A 0N5 Queen Square Building
Telephone: (613) 992-4624 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Facsimile: (613) 993-5925 B2Y 2N6
Telephone: (902) 426-9351
Pacific Region Facsimile: (902) 426-6921
Chief
Transport Dangerous Goods Air Transportation of Dangerous Goods
Transport Canada Headquarters
625 Agnes Street, Suite 225 Chief, Dangerous Goods Standards
New Westminster, British Columbia Aviation Regulation Directorate
V3M 5Y4 Transport Canada - Aviation
Telephone: (604) 666-6740 Place de Ville, Tower “C”
Facsimile: (604) 666-7747 330 Sparks Street
Ottawa, Ontario
Prairie and Northern Region K1A 0N8
Chief Telephone: (613) 990-1060
Transport Dangerous Goods Facsimile: (613) 954-1602
Transport Canada
Federal Building, Room 305, 3rd Floor Marine
101-22nd Street East Senior Surveyor Dangerous Goods
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Ship Safety Directorate
S7K 0E5 Canadian Coast Guard
Telephone: (306) 975-5059 Transport Canada
Facsimile: (306) 975-4555 Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N5
Prairie and Northern Region Telephone: (613) 991-3143
Transport Canada
402 - 344 Edmonton Street Railway Transport
Winnipeg, Manitoba Chief of Operations
R3B 2L4 Transport Canada
Telephone: (204) 983-5969 Operations Branch
Facsimile: (204) 983-8992 344 Slater Street, 15th Floor
Ottawa, Ontario
Ontario Region K1A 0N5
Chief Telephone: (613) 990-7077
Transport Canada
20 Toronto Street, Suite 600, 6th Floor Explosives
Toronto, Ontario Explosives Division
M5C 2B8 Natural Resources Canada
Telephone: (416) 973-9820 580 Booth Street
Facsimile: (416) 973-9907 Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0E4
Eastern Region Telephone: (613) 995-8415
Chief Facsimile: (613) 995-0480
Transport Dangerous Goods
Transport Canada Radioactive Materials
702 - 685 Cathcart Street Directorate of Fuel Cycle and Materials
Montreal, Quebec Regulation
H3B 1M7 Atomic Energy Control Board
Telephone: (514) 283-0303 Ottawa, Ontario
Facsimile: (514) 283-8234 K1P 5S9
Telephone: (613) 995-0553
Facsimile: (613) 995-5086
14
Contacts For Dangerous Goods Waste Direction du transport multimodal
Cont’d Waste Mangement Branch Service de la normalisation technique en
Environment Canada transport routier
Place Vincent Massey Ministère des Transports du Québec
351 St. Joseph Boulevard 700 est, boulevard René Lévesque
Hull, Quebec 23e étage
K1A 0H3 Québec (Québec)
Telephone: (819) 997-3378 G1R 5H1
Facsimile: (819) 997-3068 Telephone: (418) 643-3242
Facsimile: (418) 646-6196
Provincial/Territorial Registrar of Motor Vehicles
Manager, Dangerous Goods Department of Transportation
Motor Vehicle Department King’s Place, York Tower
Ministry of the Attorney General York Street, P.O. Box 6000
2631 Douglas Street Fredericton, New Brunswick
Victoria, British Columbia E3B 5H1
V8T 5A3 Telephone: (506) 453-2407
Telephone: (604) 387-5585 Facsimile: (506) 453-3076
Facsimile: (604) 356-8986 Motor Vehicle Inspection
Director Department of Transportation and
Dangerous Goods Control Communication
Regional Co-ordination 6061 Young Street, P.O. Box 156
Alberta Transportation and Utilities Halifax, Nova Scotia
1st Floor, Twin Atria Building B3J 2M4
4999 - 98th Avenue Telephone: (902) 424-7283
Edmonton, Alberta Facsimile: (902) 424-0544
T6B 2X3 Director
Telephone: (403) 427-8901 Highway Safety Division
Facsimile: (403) 427-1044 Department of Transportation and Public
Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Works
Transportation Legislation and Safety Branch P.O. Box 2000
Dangerous Goods Transport Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
1855 Victoria Avenue, 8th Floor C1A 7N8
Regina, Saskatchewan Telephone: (902) 368-5220
S4P 3V5 Facsimile: (902) 368-5236
Telephone: (306) 787-5527 National Safety Office
Facsimile: (306) 787-8610 Motor Registration Division
Dangerous Goods Information Department of Works, Services and
Manitoba Environment Transportation
139 Tuxedo Avenue, Building 2 Viking Building, Crosbie Road
Winnipeg, Manitoba P.O. Box 8710
R3N 0H6 St. John’s, Newfoundland
Telephone: (204) 945-7025 A1B 4J6
Operational Policy and Standards Office Facsimile: (709) 729-0102
Compliance Branch Dangerous Goods Coordinator
Ministry of Transportation Department of Community and Transportation
301 St. Paul Street Services
St. Catherines, Ontario Box 2703
L2R 7R4 Whitehorse, Yukon
Telephone: (905) 704-2434 Y1A 2C6
Facsimile: (403) 668-7864
15
Contacts Director
Cont’d Motor Vehicle Division
Department of Transportation
Government of the Northwest Territories
4510 - 50th Avenue
Highways Building, 1st Floor
P.O. Box 1320
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
X1A 2L9
Telephone: (403) 873-7406
Facsimile: (403) 873-0120
The brochure provides general information only. For specific

information, the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and
Regulations must be consulted.
16
Appendix F: Industry Recommended Practices: Drill

Stem Testing.
19/06/01 37
INDUSTRY RECOMMENDED
PRACTICE (IRP)
VOLUME 4 - 2000
WELL TESTING AND

FLUID HANDLING
PRINTED: 2000/2
2000/02
WELL TESTING AND FLUID HANDLING
The Mission of the PSC is to:
• Coordinate an organized approach to achieve continuous improvement in health and

safety for everyone involved in or affected by the Petroleum Industry.
• Continually strive to eliminate the number and magnitude of work-related injuries and
illnesses through the promotion of health and safety principles, processes and practices
for everyone in the industry.
• Promote improved and standardized petroleum industry health and safety practices that
meet regulatory requirements throughout Canada.
• Promote worker safety and their right and responsibility to refuse to perform unsafe
work.
Recommended by:
Canadian Petroleum Safety Council (PSC)

Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)
Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors (CAODC)
Petroleum Services Association of Canada (PSAC)
Small Explorers and Producers Association of Canada (SEPAC)
All PSC members will be listed at the beginning of the document indicating they
recommend and encourage the use of the IRP.
ii
2000/02
This document as well as future revisions and additions are available from:
The Petroleum Industry Training Service

#13, 2115 - 27 Ave. N.E.
Calgary, AB
T2E 7E4
(403) 250-9606
Document Price: $ 20.00
2000, 02
Page iii
2000/02
Document Title Number Custodian

(organization)
Well Testing and Fluid Handling 2000-04 Canadian Petroleum
Safety Council
Revision History
Rev No Effective Description Prepared by Reviewed by
Date (name) (name)
Latest revision approved by (name): Signed:
Page iv
2000/02
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. 1
4.0.1 FOREWARD.................................................................................................... 2
4.0.2 SCOPE ........................................................................................................... 3
4.0.3 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 4
4.0.4 IRP REVISIONS .............................................................................................. 4
4.0.5 REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 4
4.0.5.1 Alberta Heavy Oil and Oil Sands Practices Steering Committee ............. 4
4.0.5.2 American Petroleum Institute (API).......................................................... 5
4.0.5.3 American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)................................ 5
4.0.5.4 American Society Of Testing And Materials (ASTM)................................. 5
4.0.5.5 Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)............................ 5
4.0.5.6 Canadian Petroleum Association (CPA) ................................................... 6
4.0.5.7 Canadian Standards Association (CSA).................................................... 6
4.0.5.8 Drilling And Completions Committee (DACC) Industry Recommended
Practices Volume II Completing And Servicing Sour Wells......... 6
4.0.5.9 Alberta Energy And Utilities Board (AEUB)............................................... 6
4.0.5.10 Government Of Alberta, Alberta Occupational Health And Safety
(AOH&S)....................................................................................... 7
4.0.5.11 Government of Canada ............................................................................ 7
4.0.5.12 National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)................................ 7
4.0.6 CONTENTS INDEX .......................................................................................... 7
4.0.7 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................. 7
4.0.7.1 Adequate Lighting ................................................................................... 7
4.0.7.2 Bleed-off .................................................................................................. 7
4.0.7.3 Caution .................................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.4 Certified Pressurized Flowback Tank....................................................... 8
4.0.7.5 Closed System ......................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.6 Coiled Tubing Unit Operations (CTU) ....................................................... 8
4.0.7.7 Confined Space ....................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.8 Drilling Company ..................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.9 Drill Stem Test ......................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.10 Employer.................................................................................................. 9
4.0.7.11 Enclosed Environment ............................................................................. 9
4.0.7.12 ESD ..................................................................................................... 9
4.0.7.13 Flowback ................................................................................................. 9
4.0.7.14 High Vapor Pressure Hydrocarbons ......................................................... 9
4.0.7.15 Inline Test ................................................................................................ 9
4.0.7.16 Mud Can................................................................................................... 9
4.0.7.17 Non-certified Pressurized Storage tank or Vessel .................................. 10
4.0.7.18 Occupational Exposure Limits - Worker Safety Consideration............... 10
4.0.7.19 Open System.......................................................................................... 10
4.0.7.20 Other Flowbacks.................................................................................... 10
4.0.7.21 Owner ................................................................................................... 11
4.0.7.22 PPE ................................................................................................... 11
4.0.7.23 Positive Pressure ................................................................................... 11
4.0.7.24 Pressurized Truck Tank.......................................................................... 11
4.0.7.25 Purge ................................................................................................... 11
4.0.7.26 Qualified Well Testing Person ............................................................... 11
Page v
2000/02
4.0.7.27 SABA - SCBA.......................................................................................... 12

4.0.7.28 Safety Service Company........................................................................ 12
4.0.7.29 Safety Standby Method.......................................................................... 12
4.0.7.30 Service Company................................................................................... 12
4.0.7.31 SITHP ................................................................................................... 12
4.0.7.32 Stimulations........................................................................................... 12
4.0.7.33 Swabbing............................................................................................... 12
4.0.7.34 Swivel Joint ........................................................................................... 13
4.0.7.35 Test Line ................................................................................................ 13
4.0.7.36 Test Plug................................................................................................ 13
4.0.7.37 Well Killing Operations.......................................................................... 13
4.0.7.38 Well Testing........................................................................................... 13
4.0.7.39 Worker ................................................................................................... 13
4.0.7.40 Underbalanced Drilling.......................................................................... 13
4.0.8 COMMON TERMS OF REFERENCE AND IRP’S FOR ALL OPERATIONS IN THIS
VOLUME................................................................................................. 14
4.0.8.1 Responsibilities of Owners and Service Contractors.............................. 14
4.0.8.2 Drilling Service Company Responsibilities............................................ 17
4.0.8.3 Drill Stem Testing Company Responsibilities......................................... 17
4.0.8.4 Safety Service Company Responsibilities.............................................. 17
4.0.8.6 Fluid Hauling Company Responsibilities................................................ 18
4.0.8.7 Well Designation for Worker Safety in H2S Environments...................... 18
4.0.8.7.1 Sweet Well .............................................................................................. 18
4.0.8.7.2 Sour Well ................................................................................................ 19
4.0.8.7.3 Critical Sour Well ..................................................................................... 19
4.0.8.8 Metallurgy considerations for H2S environments.................................... 19
4.0.8.9 Gas Detection Monitoring for Explosive and Flammable Limits............. 20
4.0.8.10 Monitoring for Explosive Mixtures.......................................................... 23
4.0.8.11 Calibration of Explosive Mixture Monitors ............................................. 23
4.0.8.12 Hydrates: Awareness and Handling ....................................................... 23
4.0.8.13 Pressure Rating Formula For Seamless Pipe - Appendix I .................... 25
4.0.8.13.1 Tables - Pressure Rating Of Seamless Pipe....................................... 27
4.0.8.14 Worker Safety ........................................................................................ 32
4.0.8.15 Minimum Workwear Requirements........................................................ 32
4.0.8.16 Minimum General Safety Standards...................................................... 33
4.0.8.17 Pre-job Safety Meeting .......................................................................... 34
4.0.8.18 Opening a Closed Tank System for Inspection after Flowing or after
Purging with a Flammable or Inert Medium .............................. 34
4.0.8.19 Gas Flares.............................................................................................. 35
4.0.8.20 Venting Gas to Atmosphere ................................................................... 36
4.0.8.21 Flare Pits................................................................................................ 36
4.0.8.22 H2S Scrubbers........................................................................................ 36
4.0.8.23 Produced Fluids..................................................................................... 37
4.0.8.23.1 General Fluids.......................................................................................... 37
4.0.8.23.2 Fluid Properties and Characteristics........................................................... 37
4.0.8.23.3 Oils ................................................................................................... 37
4.0.8.23.4 Gas ................................................................................................... 37
4.0.8.23.5 Water ................................................................................................... 37
4.0.8.23.6 Kill Fluids, Frac Fluids, Acids and Solvents ................................................ 38
4.0.8.24 Tanks ................................................................................................... 38
4.0.8.24.1 Rig Tanks ................................................................................................ 38
Page vi
2000/02
4.0.8.24.2 Atmospheric Tanks (64m3 style)................................................................ 38

4.0.8.24.3 Certified Pressurized Flowback Tanks ........................................................ 39
4.0.8.24.4 Non-certified Pressurized Storage Tanks .................................................... 39
4.0.8.24.5 Other Tanks............................................................................................. 39
4.0.8.25 Location of Tanks................................................................................... 40
4.0.8.25.1 Location of Rig Tanks ............................................................................... 40
4.0.8.25.2 Location of Atmospheric Tanks (64m3 style)................................................ 40
4.0.8.25.3 Location of Certified Pressurized Flowback Tanks ....................................... 40
4.0.8.25.4 Location of Non-certified Pressurized Storage Tanks.................................... 40
4.0.8.26 Air Entrainment and Purging ................................................................. 41
4.0.8.26.1 General ................................................................................................... 41
4.0.8.26.2 Prevention of Air Entrainment in Storage Tanks .......................................... 41
4.0.8.26.3 Purging the Well String and Wellhead ........................................................ 42
4.0.8.26.4 Purge Mediums for Purging Surface Equipment ........................................... 42
4.0.8.26.5 Pre-Purging Procedures and Checks.......................................................... 42
4.0.8.26.6 Purge Vapor Measurement ........................................................................ 43
4.0.8.26.7 Purge Amounts ........................................................................................ 43
4.0.8.26.8 Purging With Wellhead Gas (Sweet or Low Concentration of H2S)................. 43
4.0.8.26.9 Purging Sequence.................................................................................... 43
4.0.8.26.10 Ending The Purge..................................................................................... 44
4.0.8.26.11 Intermediate Purging................................................................................. 44
4.0.8.27 Opening A Well With Air In The Flowstring ........................................... 44
4.1 DRILL STEM TESTING .................................................................................. 46
4.1.1 Scope ................................................................................................... 46
4.1.2 Planning A Drill Stem Test ..................................................................... 46
4.1.2.1 Drill Stem Test Plan............................................................................... 46
4.1.2.2 Lithological and Reservoir Information................................................. 46
4.1.2.3 Qualifications......................................................................................... 46
4.1.3 On-Site Pre-Test Guidelines................................................................... 47
4.1.3.1 Pre-test Safety Meeting.......................................................................... 47
4.1.3.2 Pre-Test Inspection ................................................................................ 47
4.1.3.3 Pre-test Training .................................................................................... 48
4.1.4 Drill Stem Testing Guidelines................................................................ 48
4.1.4.1 DST Tool Retrieval During Daylight ....................................................... 48
4.1.4.2 DST Tool Retrieval During Darkness ...................................................... 49
4.1.4.3 Annulus Fluid Level ............................................................................... 49
4.1.4.4 Workers On Rig Floor............................................................................. 49
4.1.4.5 Test Line ................................................................................................ 49
4.1.4.6 Floor Manifold........................................................................................ 50
4.1.4.7 Swivel Joints and Flexible Pipe ............................................................ 50
4.1.4.8 Fire Prevention ...................................................................................... 50
4.1.4.9 Pipe Tally............................................................................................... 50
4.1.4.10 Flow Checks........................................................................................... 50
4.1.5 Sour Drill Stem Test Guidelines............................................................. 51
4.1.5.1 Safety Guidelines................................................................................... 51
4.1.5.2 Sour Drill Stem Testing Equipment........................................................ 51
4.1.5.3 Corrosion Inhibition While Sour Drill Stem Testing ............................... 52
4.1.5.4 Limitations of Sour Drill Stem Testing ................................................... 52
4.1.5.5 Sour Hydrocarbon Recovery .................................................................. 52
4.1.5.6 Neutralizing H2S During Trip Out of Hole ............................................... 52
Appendix I Recommended Drill Stem Testing Services Inspection Checklist ......... 53
Page vii
2000/02
4.2 WELL TESTING ............................................................................................ 55

4.2.1. Scope ................................................................................................... 55
4.2.2 Wellhead Control.................................................................................. 55
4.2.2.1 General .................................................................................................. 55
4.2.2.2 Standard ................................................................................................ 55
4.2.2.3 Wellhead Minimum Requirements......................................................... 56
4.2.2.3.1 Pressure Rating ....................................................................................... 56
4.2.2.3.2 Master Valves .......................................................................................... 56
4.2.2.3.3 Flow Tee and Flow Cross .......................................................................... 56
4.2.2.3.4 Wing Valve .............................................................................................. 57
4.2.2.3.5 Pressure Testing ...................................................................................... 57
4.2.2.3.6 Temporary Wellheads ............................................................................... 57
4.2.3 Well Testing Equipment Capacities And Pressure Ratings..................... 58
4.2.3.1 Capacities.............................................................................................. 58
4.2.3.1.1 General ................................................................................................... 58
4.2.3.1.2 Separator Systems................................................................................... 58
4.2.3.1.3 Heat Requirements................................................................................... 59
4.2.3.1.4 Liquid Storage.......................................................................................... 59
4.2.3.2 Pressure Ratings.................................................................................... 59
4.2.3.2.1 Pressure Vessels..................................................................................... 59
4.2.3.2.2 Pressure Piping........................................................................................ 59
4.2.3.2.3 Flanges ................................................................................................... 60
4.2.3.2.4 Other Connections.................................................................................... 60
4.2.3.2.5 Flexible Piping ......................................................................................... 60
4.2.3.2.6 Welding of Pipe and Fittings ...................................................................... 60
4.2.3.2.7 Pipe and Fitting Threading......................................................................... 60
4.2.4 H2s Service Equipment Requirements.................................................... 61
4.2.4.1 Metallic Materials................................................................................... 61
4.2.4.1.1 General ................................................................................................... 61
4.2.4.1.2 Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels..................................................... 61
4.2.4.1.3 Exceptions .............................................................................................. 61
4.2.4.2 Elastomers ............................................................................................. 62
4.2.4.3 Internal Trims of Valves, Controllers, Etc. .............................................. 62
4.2.5 Well Testing Equipment Material Conformance..................................... 62
4.2.5.1 General .................................................................................................. 62
4.2.5.2 Pressure Vessels.................................................................................... 63
4.2.5.3 Pipe, Forging and Fittings...................................................................... 63
4.2.5.4 Valves, Controllers Meters, Etc............................................................... 63
4.2.5.5 Connections (Hammer Unions, Flanges, Etc.)......................................... 63
4.2.6 Equipment Inspections........................................................................... 63
4.2.6.1 General .................................................................................................. 63
4.2.6.2 Inspection Guidelines............................................................................ 63
4.2.7 Well Testing Equipment Spacing........................................................... 64
4.2.7.1 Equipment Spacing For Propane Tanks................................................. 65
4.2.7.2 Equipment Spacing For More Than One Certified Pressurized Tank ..... 65
4.2.7.3 Equipment Spacing For Non-Certified, Non-Registered Vessels Or
Pressure Tanks........................................................................... 65
4.2.8 Pre-Test Equipment Check And Pressure Test ....................................... 66
4.2.8.1 Pressure Testing in Daylight/Darkness ................................................... 66
4.2.8.2 Wellhead to Choke ................................................................................ 66
4.2.8.3 Pressure Testing on Critical Sour Wells................................................. 67
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4.2.8.4 Downstream of Choke ............................................................................ 67

4.2.8.5 Open Ended Piping and Production Tanks ............................................ 67
4.2.9 Operational Safety................................................................................. 67
4.2.9.1 Start Up at Night..................................................................................... 67
4.2.9.2 General Start Up Procedure................................................................... 67
4.2.9.3 Test Performance................................................................................... 68
4.2.9.4 Shut In And Post-Test Procedures.......................................................... 68
4.2.10 Well Testing Workers............................................................................. 69
4.2.10.1 Recommended Minimum Well Testing Workers on a Wellsite During
Testing Operations..................................................................... 69
4.2.10.2 One Qualified Well Testing Worker Per Shift......................................... 69
4.2.10.3 Two Qualified Well Testing Workers Per Shift....................................... 70
4.2.10.4 Three Qualified Well Testing Workers Per Shift .................................... 71
4.2.10.5 Minimum Well Testing Worker Qualifications........................................ 71
Appendix II Lease Layout Schematics..................................................................... 73
Appendix II - Production Testing Services Inspection Checklist............................... 80
Appendix IV - Logic Chart........................................................................................ 85
4.3 OTHER FLOWBACKS.................................................................................... 86
4.3.1 Scope ................................................................................................... 86
4.3.2 Flowing, Pumping Or Circulating A Well To An Open Tank System ...... 86
4.3.3 Wellhead Control................................................................................... 88
4.3.4 Location Of The Rig Pump..................................................................... 88
4.3.5 Procedures............................................................................................. 88
4.3.5.1 Well Killing Operations.......................................................................... 88
4.3.5.2 Coiled Tubing Unit (CTU) Operations Using Air ...................................... 89
4.3.5.3 Operations at Night ................................................................................ 89
4.3.5.4 Monitoring and Supervision of Open System Rig Tank.......................... 90
4.3.5.5 Swabbing............................................................................................... 90
4.3.5.6 Control of Potential Ignition Sources..................................................... 91
4.3.5.7 Safety Checklists.................................................................................... 91
4.3.6 Well Site Workers.................................................................................. 91
4.3.6.1 Minimum Workers and Training Requirements...................................... 91
4.4 LOADING, UNLOADING AND TRANSPORTATION OF FLUIDS........................ 93
4.4.1 Scope ................................................................................................... 93
4.4.2 Fluid Hauling Company Procedures...................................................... 93
4.4.3 Fluid Charactaristics .............................................................................. 94
4.4.4 Loading, Unloading and Transportation Practices................................. 94
4.4.4.1 Closed Systems...................................................................................... 94
4.4.4.2 Tank Truck Loading and Unloading - Temporary Production Testing
Operations – Sweet and Sour Fluids.......................................... 95
4.4.4.2.1 Using Atmospheric or Pressure Certified Tank Trucks.................................. 95
4.4.4.2.2 Venting Tank Trucks to Flare Stacks.......................................................... 97
4.4.4.3 Permanent Production Facilities – Sweet or Sour Fluids....................... 97
4.4.4.4 Transportation – Sour Fluids.................................................................. 98
4.4.5 Fluid Hauling Company Worker Qualifications...................................... 98
4.4.6 Tank Truck Requirements to Transport Hydrocarbon Fluids Containing
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2s) ............................................................ 99
4.4.6.1 Transporting Fluid With 88 Ppm Hydrogen Sulphide Content or Less:... 99
(Not TDG Sub-Class 6.1 (I))....................................................................... 99
4.4.6.2 Transporting Fluid With More Than 88 Ppm Hydrogen Sulphide ........... 99
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4.4.6.3 Hydrocarbon Transportation: Class & Packing Group (Boiling Point, Flash
Point & Vapor Pressure)............................................................100
4.5 KEY WORDS AND PHRASES INDEX .............................................................101
4.5.1 Scope ..................................................................................................101
4.5.2 Key Words And Phrases Index..............................................................101
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4.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgments for participation on, or submissions to, the steering

committee preparing these revisions and updates and thank you to their
employers for providing the time to work on this project.
Lou Doiron, Central Production Testing Ltd.

Robert Knowles – Angie Vogt, Norward Energy Services Ltd.
Jerry Penner, Computest Oilfield Services Inc.
Andy Saboe – Tim Gibbs, Alpine Oil Services
Verleen Barry, Alberta Occupational Health and Safety
Dwaine Ferguson, Wabash Manufacturing Ltd.
Dave Meston - Dennis Saboe, AmGas Scrubbers Ltd.
Chris Jackson, AEC West Ltd.
Dave Krezanoski – Len Barteaux, British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission
Barry Holland, Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia
Bob Ross, Saskatchewan Labour, Occupational Health & Safety Division
Larry Knight, Alberta Transport, Dangerous Goods Department
Russ Nelson, Shell Canada Limited
Doug Ashford, PanCanadian Petroleum Limited
Art Congdon, Petro Canada
Craig Popoff, Canadian Hunter Exploration Ltd.
Ron Rowbotham, Roll’n Oilfield Services Ltd.
Don Pack – Lonnie Campbell, Drive Well Servicing Ltd.
Gord Dunn, Alberta Energy and Utilities Board
Rick Meyers, Canadian Natural Resources Limited
Jim Peta, Anderson Exploration Ltd.
Craig Goodall, Talisman Energy Ltd.
Jack Thacker - Ron Chapman, Husky Oil Operations Limited
Rick Hanson - Bonus Resource Services Corp.
Lawrence Fobes - Summit Energy Services Inc.
Section 4.0 Page 1

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4.0.1 FOREWARD
In 1988 a Well Testing and Fluid Handling Subcommittee (WTFHSC)
consisting of representatives from CAODC, CAPP, PSAC, Alberta OH&S and
the Alberta ERCB was formed. Under the auspices of the Drilling and
Completion Committee (DACC), the WTFHSC mandate was to investigate and
develop minimum recommended practices respecting equipment, procedures
and workers for the safe testing of wells and handling of fluids. The
Recommended Practice (ARP) documents were developed during well testing
and fluids handling operations at wells in Alberta; and were fully supported by
the Alberta ERCB and Alberta OH&S.
In 1999, the scope and breath of recommended practices encompasses many

more issues, companies, associations and governments. The reference to
Alberta in the title of these practices is changed to “Industry” (IRP – Industry
Recommended Practice) to better reflect the broader scope. Where industry
has grown to other regions of Western Canada, these IRP’s continue to assist
companies in their daily operations,. These IRP’s are intended to follow the
user to any site, anywhere in the world, as a minimum operating practice.
INDUSTRY RECOMMENDED PRACTICE VOLUME 4 – Well Testing and

Fluid Handling consists of five (5) components;
4.0 Scope, Contents, Definitions, Common Terms of Reference and

Common IRP’s for all Operations Covered in this Volume
4.1 Drill Stem Testing
4.2 Well Testing
4.3 Other Flowbacks
4.4 Loading, Unloading and Transportation of Fluids
The process of revisions and upgrades in this IRP was steered by the WELL
TESTING COMMITTEE of the PETROLEUM SERVICES ASSOCIATION of
CANADA (PSAC) under the auspices of DACC. Future revisions will be
prompted by the Canadian Petroleum Safety Council (PSC).
DACC, Drilling and Completions Committee is a standard industry committee

which oversees the development and revisions of industry standards. The
DACC Committee has representation from the Canadian Association of Oilwell
Drilling Contractors (CAODC), Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers
(CAPP), Alberta Energy Utilities Board (AEUB), Petroleum Services
Association of Canada (PSAC) and the Petroleum Safety Council (PSC)
representing other industry and government interests across Canada.
Section 4.0 Page 2

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While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the
data contained in the IRP’s, and to avoid errors and omissions, the Committee
work groups and individual members make no representation, warranty or
guarantee in connection with the publication of the contents of any IRP
recommendation, and hereby disclaim liability or responsibility for loss or
damage resulting from the use of the IRP’s, or for any violation of any statutory
or regulatory requirements this IRP may have not referenced or overlooked.
IRP’s are viewed as highly desirable features of any well evaluation program but
do not take precedence over legislated requirements in the jurisdiction you are
working. Local regulatory agencies may have adopted these IRP’s, in whole or
in part, as a guiding principle for their role in the industry. Regulatory agencies
who have endorsed these practices will be referred to in the documentation or
through subsequent communiqués.
4.0.2 SCOPE
The purpose of this series of Industry Recommended Practices (IRP’s) is to

enhance safety during well testing and fluid handling operations of gas and oil
wells.
4.1 Drill Stem Testing contains recommended practices for DST operations
including: test planning, as well as pre-test, post-test, and sour testing
guidelines.
4.2 Well Testing details recommended practices for Well Testing operations,
including: equipment design and operation, worker requirements and
qualifications, purging and pressure testing, operational safety, and safety
equipment.
4.3 Other Flowbacks addresses recommended practices for service rig

operations involving the flowback of fluids from the well. Matters addressed
include: produced fluids, venting, well control, equipment, procedures, and
wellsite workers.
4.4 Loading, unloading and transportation of fluids provides recommended

procedures for the safe transfer of fluids from temporary and permanent
production facility tanks to trucks. The procedures emphasize sour fluids
and high vapour pressure hydrocarbon mixtures. The IRP also addresses
transportation.
4.5 This index helps the reader locate key words and phrases used in well
testing and fluid handling.
Section 4.0 Page 3

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The practices described in the IRP’s should be considered in conjunction with

other industry recommended practices, individual operator’s well testing and
fluid handling practices and site specific considerations. It is recognized that
other procedures and practices as well as new technological developments
may be equally effective in promoting safety and efficiency.
4.0.3 INTRODUCTION
An integral part of the exploration and development of oil and gas resources is
reservoir evaluation. Evaluation methods with the greatest inherent
environmental and safety concerns are those which remove reservoir fluids by
means of drill stem testing, well testing or any other methods of flowback.
The avoidance of developing a combustible hydrocarbon gas/air mixture, and

the safe handling of highly volatile reservoir or stimulation fluids, and/or
corrosive or toxic fluids are of concern when evaluating a well.
The environmental, safety and health risks associated with well testing and
fluid handling can be minimized by properly trained workers implementing
prudent procedures and using properly designed equipment.
4.0.4 IRP REVISIONS
The current editions of reference specifications, standards and recommended

practices were used when the Well Testing and Fluid Handling IRP’s were
published. Revisions in these documents may result in a need to periodically
revise the IRP’s. In addition, periodic updating of the IRP’s will be necessary
as new equipment and procedures are developed. Revisions can be
recommended to the Drilling and Completions Committee (DACC) through the
Canadian Petroleum Safety Council (PSC). A regular timed review every 5
years is recommended by the PSAC Well Testing Committee with provision for
a review at anytime should industry or technology change in a significant
manner that would necessitate a revision to these IRP's.
4.0.5 REFERENCES
4.0.5.1 Alberta Heavy Oil and Oil Sands Practices Steering Committee
ARP 3.2, Well Servicing, 1991, PITS, Calgary.

ARP 3.3, Production Equipment and Procedures, 1991, PITS, Calgary.
Section 4.0 Page 4

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4.0.5.2 American Petroleum Institute (API)
API, Recommended Practices for Drill Stem Design and Operating Limits,
Thirteenth Edition, April 1, 1989, RP7G, Dallas, Texas
API, Recommended Practices for Occupational Safety and Health for Oil and
Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations First Edition, January, 1981, RP54,
Dallas, Texas.
API, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Spec. 6A
Edition, Dallas, Texas
4.0.5.3 American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
ASME, Code for Pressure Piping, B31, Chemical and Petroleum Refinery
Piping, ASME B31.3, 1990 Edition, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y.
10017.
ASME, B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, 1988 Edition, 345 East 47th
Street, New York, N.Y. 10017.
ASME, Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Div I, 345 East 47th
Street, New York, N.Y. 10017.
4.0.5.4 American Society Of Testing And Materials (ASTM)
ASTM, Standard Test Method for Vapour Pressure of Petroleum Products

(Reid Method), Philadelphia, PA.
ASTM, D56-79: Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester,
Philadelphia, PA.
ASTM, D93-80: Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Penski-Martens
Closed Tester, Philadelphia, P.A.
ASTM, D3278-82: Standard Test Method for Flash Point of Liquids by
Setaflash Closed Tester, Philadelphia, P.A.
4.0.5.5 Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers
CAPP Publication #1994-0002 Guideline for Prevention and Safe Handling of

Hydrates (1994).
CAPP Publication #1999-0002 Occupational Health and Safety of Light
Hydrocarbons.
CAPP Publication #1999-0005 Consumer Guideline for the Selection of Fire
Resistant Workwear for Protection Against Hydrocarbon Flash Fires.
CAPP Publication #1999-0014 Recommended Practices for Flaring of
Associated and Solution Gas at Oil Production Facilities.
CAPP Publication #1999-0015 CAPP Safety Guideline for Ground Disturbance
in the Vicinity of Underground Facilities.
Section 4.0 Page 5

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4.0.5.6 Canadian Petroleum Association (CPA)
CPA, 1987 Tank Vapour Flaring Committee Report Recommendations

Surrounding Tank Vapour Flaring During Sour Well Testing, Calgary, Alberta.
CPA, DRILL STEM TESTING SAFETY GUIDELINES 1986, Calgary, Alberta.
4.0.5.7 Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
CSA, Industrial Protective Headwear, Z94.1, Rexdale, Ontario.

CSA, Hearing Protectors, Z94.2, Rexdale, Ontario.
CSA, Industrial Eye & Face Protectors, Z-94.3, Rexdale, Ontario.
CSA, Protective Footwear, Z195, Rexdale, Ontario.
CSA, B620-1987: Highway Tanks and Portable Tanks for the Transportation of
Dangerous Goods, Rexdale, Ontario.
CSA, B621-1987: Selection and Use of Highway Tanks, Portable Tanks, Cargo
Compartments and Containers for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods,
Classes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 in Bulk by Road, Rexdale, Ontario.
CSA, B622-1987: Selection and Use of Highway Tanks, Multi-unit Tank Cars
and Portable Tanks for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods, Class 2, by
Road, Rexdale, Ontario.
CSA, B620-98: Highway Tanks and Portable Tanks for the Transportation of
Dangerous Goods, Rexdale, Ontario..
CSA, B621-98: Selection and Use of Highway Tanks, Portable Tanks, Cargo
Compartments and Containers for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods,
Classes 3, 4, 5, 6.1, 8 and 9, Rexdale, Ontario..
CSA, B622-98: Selection and Use of Highway Tanks, Multi-unit Tank Cars and
Portable Tanks for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods, Class 2, Rexdale,
Ontario..
4.0.5.8 Drilling And Completions Committee (DACC) Industry Recommended

Practices Volume II Completing And Servicing Sour Wells
DACC, ARP 2.5 Fluids and Circulating Systems, PITS, Calgary, Alberta.
DACC, ARP 2.10 Quality Programs for Pressure Containing Equipment, PITS,
Calgary, Alberta.
DACC, ARP 2.15 Well Site Worker Training and Experience, PITS, Calgary,
Alberta.
4.0.5.9 Alberta Energy And Utilities Board (AEUB)
ERCB, Guide G-37 Service Rig Inspection Manual, 1988, ERCB, Calgary,
Alberta.
ERCB, Informational Letter IL 91-2 Sour Gas Flaring Requirements and Change
to Regulations.
Section 4.0 Page 6

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4.0.5.10 Government Of Alberta, Alberta Occupational Health And Safety

(AOH&S)
AOH&S, Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations,

Edmonton, Alberta.
AOH&S, Well Testing – Minimum Guidelines for Enhanced Field Operations,
June 1990, Edmonton, Alberta.
AOH&S, Safety Codes Act.
AOH&S, Boiler & Pressure Vessel Exemption Order.
AOH&S, Transportation of Dangerous Goods Control Act & Regulation.
4.0.5.11 Government of Canada
Transportation of Dangerous Good Act and Regulations

WHMIS
National Safety Code
4.0.5.12 National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)
NACE, MR0175 Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for

Oilfield Equipment, Houston, Texas.
4.0.6 CONTENTS INDEX
4.0.7 DEFINITIONS
4.0.7.1 Adequate Lighting

Adequate lighting exists when the site is illuminated sufficiently to ensure that
the worker is able to perform routine duties safely. The visibility must be such
that the worker will be able to exit the worksite to a secure area in the event of
an emergency. Flashlights, rig lights, and vehicle lights can be considered as
emergency back-up lighting.
References/Links
Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia
Saskatchewan Dept of Labour, Occupational Health and Safety
Note: Regulations in the Provinces of British Columbia and Saskatchewan define

lighting with specific measurement criteria. This should be referred to when
operating in these provinces.
Note: Consideration must be given to additional lighting on complex operations.
4.0.7.2 Bleed-off
Where pressure is present on the well and requires depressuring before work
can commence.
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4.0.7.3 Caution
Caution must be exercised on wells known to contain lower levels of H2S
and/or have harmful or toxic substances, and/or have severe abrasives (e.g.
frac sand) and/or have other unusual hazards. The term "Caution" does not
categorize a well outside of Sweet or Sour.
It is intended to alert Owners, employers and workers to dangers that may

exceed those of routine Sweet Wells and wells with minimal H2S concentration
where prescriptive equipment requirements are not provided.
4.0.7.4 Certified Pressurized Flowback Tank

A pressurized vessel which has been constructed following a program of
quality control, designed for the application, and is registered with the
provincial agency that applies a stamp of certification on the vessel nameplate.
All vessels must have a CRN (Canadian Registration Number) registered in all
provinces of intended use.
4.0.7.5 Closed System

A closed system refers to a handling system in which fluids are scrubbed, gas
is flared at a stack or vented to atmosphere through an H2S scrubber, in a
controlled manner, and fluids are contained.
4.0.7.6 Coiled Tubing Unit Operations (CTU)

Coiled tubing units are commonly used in "other flowbacks" to recover wellbore
effluent. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air is used to move and lift proppant,
produced sand or stimulation fluids such as acid, chemicals or hydraulic
fracture treatment fluids from the wellbore. Coiled tubing unit operations may
also be undertaken to evaluate well production capability.
4.0.7.7 Confined Space

- Is enclosed or partially enclosed.
- Has limited or restricted means for entry/exit.
- Is not designed or intended for continuous human occupancy.
- Is or may become partially hazardous to a worker entering OR that may
complicate the provision of first aid, evacuation, rescue or other emergency
response services.
4.0.7.8 Drilling Company

An individual or company that enters into a contract with an owner of a wellsite
to drill for oil and gas.
4.0.7.9 Drill Stem Test

A method of determining the producing potential of a formation. This is done
by removing the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling fluid column and allowing
formation fluids and/or gas to flow into an evacuated or partially evacuated drill
string or production string. This allows the formation pressures to be monitored
and measured to calculate flow and depletion rates. A Drill StemTester
represents the company responsible for the down hole and surface equipment
Section 4.0 Page 8

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used in identifying the content and production capability of the formations to be

tested.
4.0.7.10 Employer
Means a person, firm, association or body that has, in connection with the
operation of a place of employment, one or more workers in the service of the
person, firm, association or body.
4.0.7.11 Enclosed Environment

A building or structure with limited or restricted means for entry/exit and
minimal ventilation that will not allow rapid movement of hazardous vapors.
4.0.7.12 ESD
Acronym for Emergency Shutdown system (valve). It is a pneumatically
operated, high-pressure valve installed on the wellhead with remote shutdowns.
Its purpose is to provide a means to remotely shut in the well in an emergency.
In Alberta, an ESD is required on wells to be flowed having a surface pressure
greater than 1379 kPa and an H2S content greater than 1%.
4.0.7.13 Flowback
Where pressure on a well is bled off and the well continues to flow, and is
allowed to flow to establish a rate of gas and fluid from the well.
4.0.7.14 High Vapor Pressure Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon mixtures with a Reid vapor pressure greater than 14 kPa or an
API gravity greater than 50° are considered to be high vapor pressure
hydrocarbons.
Note: Reid Vapor Pressure is determined in a laboratory test. API gravity can be
readily measured in the field. C1-C7 content can also be indicative of a fluid’s
flammability. Flammability increases with increasing C1-C7 content. Fluid
analyses, if available should be reviewed. Fluid and ambient temperatures
should be considered.
4.0.7.15 Inline Test

An inline test is "closed" when all well effluents measured at the test separator
are diverted to the pipeline.
4.0.7.16 Mud Can

A device used to contain fluids and direct them away from the drill pipe when
breaking connections.
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4.0.7.17 Non-certified Pressurized Storage tank or Vessel

A vessel that does not require certification for use in pressure applications. The
vessel must have some form of pressure relief valve (PSV). If the tank is to be
used as the primary vessel, the tank must have been constucted under
a quality control program. Construction, design and material
specification data must be available when requested by the well
owner. Government departments may also request this data.
Caution: The vessel must be designed for its intended use.

Example: In Alberta a vessel operated below 103.4 kPa (15 psi) working
pressure does not require provincial certification from the Alberta Boilers Safety
Association (ABSA) but is required to be constructed under a quality control
program in this IRP.
4.0.7.18 Occupational Exposure Limits - Worker Safety Consideration

The Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL of H2S is,
8 hour OEL: 10 ppm
In most cases when well testing, workers are in open-air environments and
work shifts longer than 8 hours. Therefore planning consideration must review
situations when workers are exposed to short-term levels greater than 10ppm
and longer-term levels less than 10ppm. The Ceiling Limits vary through the
various regulatory authorities. Most common is a Ceiling Limit of 10ppm and 20
ppm.
References/Links
Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act – Chemical Hazards
Saskatchewan Occupational Health and Safety Act
Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia – OHS & Regulation
4.0.7.19 Open System

An open system refers to a handling system, such as a rig tank, in which any
gas vapors produced from fluids are vented to atmosphere in an uncontrolled
manner. This type of system requires constant monitoring to ensure transient
vapors/gas are maintained below 20% of LEL and 10ppm H2S.
4.0.7.20 Other Flowbacks

Other flowbacks refers to operations, other than production testing and drill
stem testing, in which gas and/or fluids are flowed or induced to flow from the
wellbore. This includes well killing operations and the recovery of well
stimulation fluids and solids by flowing, pumping, swabbing or by the
circulation of fluids with coiled tubing. Refer to IRP’s 4.1, Drill Stem Testing
and IRP 4.2, Well Testing for information specific to testing.
Section 4.0 Page 10

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4.0.7.21 Owner
A person, partnership, company or group of persons who, under contract and
agreement of ownership, direct the activities of one or more employers involved
at a worksite.
4.0.7.22 PPE
Acronym for personal protective equipment. It is equipment designed and used
to protect workers.
4.0.7.23 Positive Pressure

Positive pressure refers to a pressure greater than 0 kPa gauge.
4.0.7.24 Pressurized Truck Tank

A pressurized truck tank must comply with all the CSA B620 requirements as
determined by CSA B621. If the maximum allowable working pressure
(MAWP) is greater than 101.3 kPa (15 psi) then ABSA/ASME certification is
also required. The MAWP is specified on the nameplate of most oilfield
production equipment such as all transport and pressure vessel equipment.
4.0.7.25 Purge
Where a vessel, container or piping system is evacuated of its gas and/or fluid
contents and replaced with another gas and/or fluid. The general purpose of
purging is to remove explosive and/or flammable fluids and gases from a closed
piping system prior to opening the system to atmosphere or prior to entry of
the system by workers. The practice of purging usually entails replacing the
explosive/flammable contents with a product that is non-explosive/flammable or
to create an atmosphere with an acceptable LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) and
UEL. (Upper Explosive Limit) for workers. Purging is also used to aid the
removal hazardous gases and fluids from vessels and piping systems prior to
shipment of equipment or transportation of fluids.
4.0.7.26 Qualified Well Testing Person

An individual who has had a minimum of three months previous experience with
a service company or well owner and understands the concept of gas and
liquid separation using pressure equipment and flaring. Without this prior
experience, the individual is considered “in training”. The individual must be
able to provide documented evidence, when requested, of this experience. The
individual must have all certifications required by provincial regulatory agencies
and/or this IRP. Section 4.2.10 of this IRP identifies the qualifications required
for a well testing worker to handle various levels of responsibility.
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4.0.7.27 SABA - SCBA

SABA: acronym for Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus. It consists of a small
air cylinder (less than 5 minutes of breathing air) and air mask intended to be
carried on the hip of a worker with the ability to connect, by hose, to numerous
larger air cylinders. This type of configuration is used for extended work periods
where a worker is in an H2S environment.
SCBA: acronym for Self-contained Breathing Apparatus It consists of an air

cylinder and mask intended to be carried on the back of the worker and has (+)
(-) 30 minutes of breathing air contained in the cylinder. This device is used for
short work periods where a worker is in an H2S environment.
4.0.7.28 Safety Service Company

A company that provides equipment, workers, training and neutralising
chemicals to reduce the risk to on-site workers and equipment during various
sour well operations.
4.0.7.29 Safety Standby Method

Where a person outside of the hazardous area monitors the work of persons
inside the hazardous area, with no other purpose than to monitor air supplies
and implement rescue procedures when necessary.
4.0.7.30 Service Company

Means a person, corporation or association who is contracted to supply, sell,
offer or expose for sale, lease, distribute or install a product or service to
another company, usually the owner of the worksite.
4.0.7.31 SITHP
Acronym for Shut In Tubing Head Pressure. It is the pressure at surface on the
tubing in the well.
4.0.7.32 Stimulations
Stimulations are operations designed to improve well production capability or,
in the case of injection or disposal wells, to improve the ability of a well to
accept fluid. These operations may include the use of hydrocarbon and water
based fracturing fluids, acids, various chemicals and proppants.
4.0.7.33 Swabbing
Swabbing is an operation conducted to reduce the hydrostatic pressure in the
wellbore to initiate flow from a formation. Swabbing operations utilize a
lubricator.
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4.0.7.34 Swivel Joint

A series of short steel pipe sections that are joined by swivel couplings. The
unit functions as a flexible flow line that provides a flow path between the
control head and the floor manifold.
4.0.7.35 Test Line

A flow line from the drill stem tester's floor manifold to move fluid and/or gas to
flare or storage.
4.0.7.36 Test Plug

A valve attached to the top of each stand of pipe being pulled from the hole to
prevent flow up the drill pipe while tripping.
4.0.7.37 Well Killing Operations

Well killing operations are operations in which well effluent is circulated from
the wellbore using a fluid of sufficient density to prevent further influx of
reservoir fluids. The process is continued until the well is dead.
4.0.7.38 Well Testing

Well Testing is an operation where a company supplies equipment and the
continuous presence of qualified test workers for the purpose of measurement
through production equipment. Such operations include, but are not limited to:
- Flowing a well to production equipment or tank.
- Flow measurement with chokes, flow provers or other meters.
- Initiating flow by swabbing, coiled tubing or any such artificial lift method.
- Flowing a well while drilling operations are in progress, known as
Underbalanced Drilling.
References/Links
IRP 4.2 Well Testing and Fluid Handling
IRP 6.0 Underbalanced Drilling (under development 1999)
Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Interim Directive 94-3
4.0.7.39 Worker
Means a person who is engaged in an occupation in the service of an
employer.
4.0.7.40 Underbalanced Drilling

Entails allowing a well to flow oil, gas and formation fluids to surface as it is
being drilled as opposed to conventional or overbalanced drilling where one of
the prime considerations is in preventing hydrocarbons from flowing during the
drilling process.
References/Links
IRP 6.0 Underbalanced Drilling for Critical Sour Wells
Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Interim Directive ID94-3
Section 4.0 Page 13

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4.0.8 COMMON TERMS OF REFERENCE AND IRP’S FOR ALL

OPERATIONS IN THIS VOLUME
4.0.8.1 Responsibilities of Owners and Service Contractors
IRP The wellsite Owner is responsible for all activities on a lease. The
safety of on-site workers and environmental protection take precedence
over well testing data requirements. Owners shall maintain general
health and safety at the well site by coordinating all activities and
ensuring proper equipment, materials and workers are provided to
accomplish the program and to satisfy all applicable regulatory
requirements.
IRP The wellsite owner shall provide the following breathing equipment as
a minimum:
- On all wells, regardless of designation, two(2) Self-contained
Breathing Apparatus (SCABA) must be on location at all times. (In
British Columbia , 4 must be present)
- When well testing wells where the H2S concentration is greater than
100 ppm, the Owner must provide supplied air breathing apparatus
(SABA’s) in addition to the self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA). As a minimum this package must contain an adequate air
supply system complete with air cylinders, manifold, work lines and
egress packs (SABA’s) and a minimum of two (2) back packs
(SCBA’s).
- On simple well-servicing operations (such as rod jobs, tubing
changes, bleed-offs, plug retrieval, abandonments, swab cleanouts)
where the H2S concentration is greater than 100 ppm and where the
venting of gas to atmosphere is minimal and the bleed-off period is
short in duration and where more than two (2) workers are present
at the same time, an additional two (2) back packs would be
adequate instead of a supplied air system. (This does not apply to
well testing.) Therefore a minimum of four (4) back packs are
required on the wellsite. Two (2) of the back packs must be
designated for emergency use only. The other packs are for use by
workers where breathing equipment is necessary to complete
operational tasks, protection for the workers on the site and nearby
residents, from over-exposure to H2S, must be maintained when
considering this option.
Section 4.0 Page 14

2000/02
- Where workers are expected to work on a continued basis in

enclosed environments, SABA’s must be supplied to meet the
Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL of 10 ppm.
- The air equipment be properly housed for use and transport.
Note: In British Columbia ( WCB Regulation 23.5) requires owners to provide a

program of quality assurance for the respiratory air and date of last air change.
The program must be in writing.
Note: In British Columbia ( WCB Regulation 5.54) the Service Contractor needs to
have a respiratory protection program including education, training, fit testing,
cleaning and maintenance, air change and air quality assurance.
IRP Where an Owners representative is assigned to the site, the

representative shall be present during all operations where gas will be
vented from open tank systems. Where an Owner representative is not
assigned to the site, the contractor assigned to flow the well to open
tank systems must have a supervisor present during the operation.
IRP Where the Owner does not have a site representative, the Owner shall
ensure a gas detection meter is available to the site workers.
IRP The Owners on-site representative shall have training and competence
in the operation of an LEL meter. The Owners representative shall
possess or ensure availability of an LEL meter on all sites where vapors
are expected to be vented to atmosphere.
IRP The Owner shall or instruct the Service Contracting company to:
- Provide signage ordering vehicles to stop at the lease entrance on
all sites where gas is being vented to atmosphere
- Ensure there are an adequate number of qualified workers on the
wellsite at all times to conduct operations safely
- Provide fluid hauling companies with shipping documents such as a
waste manifest that describes the properties and potential hazards
associated with fluids to be transported in appropriate TDG terms
References/Links
Transport Canada TDG Act, Sections 5, 6, 8 & 14.
Transport Canada TDG Regs, Part 3.
Transport Canada TDG Act, Section 40.
Section 4.0 Page 15

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- Ensure fluid hauling workers are oriented to site-specific procedures

- Ensure sour fluids are transported during normal hours of
operations unless special arrangements and precautions have been
made between the Owner and the truck operator. This may include
standby workers, equipment and monitoring devices
- Ensure appropriate safety equipment (i.e. H2S monitor, explosive
mixture monitor and respiratory protective equipment) are
available
- Maintain a contingency plan including procedures for truck loading,
unloading, and transportation-related spills.
IRP The Owners representative is responsible for conducting an on-site pre-

job equipment inspection to ensure the equipment is operational and
as ordered.
IRP Owners shall prepare a program of operations. The program should

include but not be limited to:
- The purpose of the operation
- Relevant well data
- Identify any potential hazards
- Equipment requirements and layout having regard for pressures
and flows expected
- Environmental and safety considerations, relative to on-site workers
and the public
- Special procedures to be employed
- Emergency contacts
- Minimum worker requirements and qualifications
- Test objectives
- Test sequence in appropriate detail
- Technical contact in case of unexpected program deviations
- Emergency response plan, contacts and procedures
- Shall ensure the program is available for viewing by all
participating contractors prior to job commencement.
IRP The Owner shall ensure that the owners representative on site is able to
provide competent and effective supervision of the operations being
carried out. The Owners representative shall have the following:
- First Aid Certificate
- If well servicing, an appropriate blow-out prevention (BOP)
certificate
- If drilling, an appropriate blow-out prevention (BOP) certificate
- H2S Training and Certification for sour wells ( > 10 ppm)
Section 4.0 Page 16

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- Transportation of Dangerous Goods Certificate where hazardous

materials will be shipped
- WHMIS training
- Complete awareness of IRP Volume 4.0 , Well Testing and Fluids
Handling as they pertain to the operation being carried out and a
full understanding of the hazards related to the physical properties
of the fluid being handled, prior to conducting the operation
- Shall make available and be competent in the operation of
equipment used to detect hazardous or explosive mixtures
- An understanding of section 8.110 of the AEUB Regulations when
hydrocarbon mixtures with a Reid vapour pressure greater than 14
kPa or with an API gravity exceeding 50 degrees, are encountered.
4.0.8.2 Drilling Service Company Responsibilities
IRP The Drilling Service Company shall ensure that all required rig workers
are available during operation the workers are physically capable and
have been properly trained to carry out their designated
responsibilities. The Drilling Service Company shall ensure that the
equipment and facilities it is contracted to supply are available during
operation and it is designed for the parameters of the project. Pressure
test certification, material inspections, and sour service specifications
shall be made available when requested.
4.0.8.3 Drill Stem Testing Company Responsibilities
IRP The Drill Stem Testing Company shall ensure that the workers it
provides are available during the drill stem test, the workers are
physically capable and have been properly trained to carry out their
designated responsibilities during the drill stem test at the worksite. The
Drill Stem Testing Company shall ensure that the equipment and
facilities it is contracted to supply are available during the drill stem
test, are in good working order and is designed for the parameters of
the project. Pressure test certification, material inspections, and sour
service specifications shall be made available when requested.
4.0.8.4 Safety Service Company Responsibilities
IRP The Safety Service Company shall ensure that the workers it provides
are available during operations, the workers are physically capable
and have been properly trained to carry out their designated
responsibilities. The Safety Service Company shall ensure that the
equipment it is contracted to supply is available during the operation, is
in good working order and is designed for the parameters of the
project. The Safety Service Company must ensure proper equipment for
respiratory protection, H2S gas detection, breathing-air supply,
determining explosive limits, and neutralising chemicals is in sufficient
quantities at the worksite. Consideration should be given to providing
an LEL meter. The Safety Service Company must provide training of all
workers on the worksite in the specific use of this equipment.
Section 4.0 Page 17

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4.0.8.5 Well Testing Company Responsibilities

IRP The Well Testing Company shall ensure their employees are physically
capable to carry out their designated responsibilities during the
operation. Well Testing personnel must carry certificates of training
with them. The Well Testing Company shall ensure the equipment and
facilities it is contracted to supply are designed and suited for the
application. Pressure test certification, material inspections, and sour
service specifications shall be made available when requested.
4.0.8.6 Fluid Hauling Company Responsibilities
IRP Fluid Hauling Companies shall ensure the workers it provides are
available during the operations, the workers are physically capable to
carry out their designated responsibilities and the workers carry
certificates of training with them. The Fluid Hauling Company shall
ensure that the equipment and facilities it is contracted to supply are
available during the operation, are in good working order and are
designed for the parameters of the project. Pressure test certification,
material inspections, and sour service specifications shall be made
available when requested.
4.0.8.7 Well Designation for Worker Safety in H2S Environments
“Sweet” and “Sour” designations are used by industry and legislative

bodies as a reference for administrative purposes. For technical purposes
specific concentrations of Hydrogen Sulphide will dictate appropriate
equipment requirements to conduct a task safely, maintaining the health and
safety of the worker while ensuring the integrity of the equipment. The well
designations of this IRP are centered on Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) content,
which through inhalation, is the most frequently encountered hazardous
substance by well testing workers. There may be other substances as onerous
for maintaining worker safety and must be considered when planning work
programs. Provincial Occupational Health and Safety Acts define the exposure
limits for numerous substances. Those documents should be referred to when
substances other than hydrogen sulphide (H2S) are known to be present at the
wellsite. The well designations in this IRP are designed for worker safety
when working in Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) environments.
4.0.8.7.1 Sweet Well
10 ppm Hydrogen Sulphide Content or less: Designated as SWEET

A well with a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content of 0.01 moles / kilomole (10 ppm)
or less relative to worker safety is designated as SWEET. The hazards of
Sweet Gas to the worker, from exposure or inhalation, are less than those
imposed by sour gas and therefore require a minimum of two (2) Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus (SCBA’s) on all wells to aid in protecting the worker.
Other requirements are detailed throughout these IRP’s. Material
Section 4.0 Page 18

2000/02
specifications relative to metallurgy for equipment used to flow wells containing

zero H2S content are not as stringent as those required for wells containing
H2S.
References/Links
IRP 4.2
NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)
ASME B31.3
4.0.8.7.2 Sour Well
More than 10 ppm Hydrogen Sulphide Content: Designated as SOUR
Any well with a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration greater than 0.01 moles/
kilomole (10ppm) relative to worker safety is designated as SOUR. Sour Gas
hazards relative to worker safety requires specific equipment to protect the
worker. Prescriptive guidelines for the quantity and use of breathing equipment
to protect the worker are outlined in this IRP and other Provincial regulations.
Additionally, gas, containing H2S, is more corrosive to metals and thus,
requires precautions when selecting equipment to perform
well testing operations. Section 4.2.4 of this IRP provides guidelines relating to
equipment selection for use in H2S environments.
References/Links
IRP 4.2
Provincial Occupation Health and Safety Acts
Alberta Chemical Hazards Regulation Sections 2 & 9
NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION
ASME B31.3
4.0.8.7.3 Critical Sour Well
Critical Sour Wells are defined by appropriate Provincial Regulatory Agencies.

They generally include all the elements of a Sour Well plus an amplified
concern for residents in close proximity to the wellsite along with environmental
issues. In Alberta refer to AEUB ID 97-6.
4.0.8.8 Metallurgy considerations for H2S environments
H2S effects the integrity of metals not designed for use in H2S environments.
Other elements such as CO2 also have corrosive affects on metals. The
requirement for special metallurgy in equipment is not related to a
Sour designation of a well. It is related to H2S Partial Pressure and
Sulphide Stress Cracking as defined by the National Association of
Corrosion Engineers (NACE).
References/Links
Section 4.2.4
NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION specifications
Section 4.0 Page 19

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4.0.8.9 Gas Detection Monitoring for Explosive and Flammable Limits
IRP The Owners site representative must be trained and competent in the
use of gas detection meters. The site representative must possess or
make available at the wellsite, a gas detection meter capable of
measuring LEL.
ensure a gas detection meter is available to the site workers.
IRP One person per shift must be trained and competent in the use of gas
detection meters where gas vapors will be vented to atmosphere.
IRP No worker shall enter the 50 meter “safety zone” around an open tank
system where gas vapors have been vented to atmosphere until cleared
to do so by the Owners site representative or the worker who is
responsible for monitoring the area with a gas detection meter.
Note: Refer to Section 4.3, Other Flowbacks, for more detail on the requirement of
gas detection and flowing wells to open tank systems.
Introduction:
Gas detectors have become an everyday part of equipment requirements on an oil and gas
site. There must be accurate methods of detecting the absence or presence of various
gases, so the workplace can be maintained safe and productive.
Explosive or Flammability Limits:

The term limits of flammability, or explosive limits, refers to the percentage by volume of a
fuel in a fuel/air mixture which will burn. The flammable range spreads between the lower
flammable limit and the upper flammable limit. Fuel /air mixtures outside the flammable
range will not burn or explode.
Flammable limits for some common flammable gases and vapors are listed below.
Explosive limits Flash Vapor Ignition

(% by vol. in air) point Density Temp.
LEL UEL degrees Air = 1.0 degrees
Celsius Celsius
Ammonia 15.0 28.0 Gas 0.58 630
Butane 1.8 9.0 Gas 2.0 410
Carbon monoxide 12.5 74.0 Gas 0.97 570
Ethane 3.0 12.5 Gas 1.0 472
Hydrogen Sulphide 4.0 45.0 Gas 1.19 260
Ethyl Alcohol 3.3 19.0 +13 1.59 365
Methane 5.0 15.0 Gas 0.55 538
Propane 2.2 10.0 Gas 1.5 450
Toluene 1.3 7.0 +4 3.14 535
Section 4.0 Page 20

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A flammable gas is considered to be a gas that will burn when there is a concentration of
oxygen in the air. Flammable mixtures cannot be ignited and continue to maintain a flame,
unless the concentration of fuel is greater than the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and
lower than the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL).
A methane/air mixture must contain more than 5% methane by volume for the mixture to
burn. If the mixture contains more than 15% methane by volume, it is considered to be too
rich and will not burn. The concentration must be within the flammable range to maintain
a fire.
Oxygen:
The normal concentration of oxygen in ambient air is 20.9%. Abnormal circumstances can
cause this level to be increased or decreased. Oxygen deficiency refers to abnormally low
oxygen levels that can be serious and is often an undetected risk to human life. Reduction
of oxygen levels is usually caused by the consumption of oxygen by some chemical
reaction or combustion within a confined area or by displacement by other gases.
Oxygen enrichment refers to abnormally high concentrations of oxygen that can be

dangerous because of its tendency to increase the flammability and explosiveness of
materials and fuels. The leaking of compressed oxygen containers in confined areas
usually causes enrichment.
Flammable and Explosive Gases:

Explosions occur when a flammable mixture of gas comes into contact with a heat source
that exceeds the ignition temperature of the gas mixture. Not all concentrations of
flammable gases will explode. The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) determines the minimum
concentration of the flammable gas in air that will burn. Concentrations below the LEL and
above the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) will not burn. Unfortunately, gas/air mixtures are
seldom uniform so it is likely that if any amount of combustible gas is detected then at
some point in the system or container, the concentration may be explosive. Flammable
liquids normally have a low flash point. This refers to the temperature at which the liquid
releases vapors at a rate sufficient to form an explosive mixture with air. Liquids with flash
points below ambient temperature will immediately release dangerous concentrations of
gas. Liquid leaks can be as hazardous as gas leaks.
Vapor Density:
When monitoring for the presence of gases or vapors, it is important to understand vapor
density, which provides valuable clues as to where to locate gas sensors. Density is a
characteristic of materials and is similar to weight. For gases and vapors, air is considered
to be the standard reference and its density is set at 1.0. Gases and vapors lighter than air
have densities less than 1.0 while those heavier than air have densities greater than 1.0.
Assuming that air currents are negligible, it can be said that gases and vapors with
densities less than 1.0, such as methane, will tend to rise from the point of escape and
subsequently disperse into the atmosphere or accumulate in spaces under roof structures
of buildings.
Section 4.0 Page 21

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Heavier-than-air gases such as propane and H2S tend to fall from the point of escape,
perhaps to floor level where some mixing with air occurs thus creating pockets of mixtures,
some explosive, others not. If there are sub-floor spaces such as drain channels, pipe and
cableways and storage pits, then these heavier than air gases tend to accumulate there. A
suitable source of ignition in such areas will surely result in explosion and fire.
Ignition Temperature:
Ignition temperature is the temperature that will cause a combustible mixture of gas vapor
to explode or burst into flame. Various fuels mixed in a variety of concentrations can be
explosive when ignited by the presence of a spark, flame or hot surface that exceeds the
ignition temperature. Variables such as concentrations, pressure and temperature all have
an affect on ignition temperature.
Location of Gas Sensors:

Location of the gas sensor is very important. In general, lighter than air gases requires the
sensor to be positioned near the ceiling and heavier than air gases require sensors
positioned at low levels or in pits or trenches. Some things to consider include:
- Hydrogen sulphide mixed with methane in a process stream may follow the same
migration patterns as methane during a gas leak
- Temperature, humidity, and air ventilation patterns
- Mounting detectors close to the entrance of buildings, on the outside wall.
Gas Detectors Measuring Percent LEL:

Some gas detectors have two scales; the 100% scale measuring the % of a flammable gas
in a mixture, and the 4% scale for measuring the % of the LEL Assume that the meter has
been designed to measure hydrogen in a mixture. The LEL of hydrogen is 4%. If a reading
taken on the 100% scale indicates 10%, then the mixture is 10% hydrogen and within the
LEL of hydrogen. If a reading on the 4% range indicates 10%, then the mixture contains
10% of the hydrogen necessary to produce a flammable mixture. The mixture actually
contains 4% x 0.1 = 0.4% hydrogen by volume.
The equipment operator must understand the difference between measuring the %
LEL and the % of flammable gas. Always consult the manufacturers operating
instructions and procedures prior to interpreting the results.
Caution: When testing gas for LEL remember that the H2S concentration is important
relative to the safety of the worker conducting the LEL test. The LEL of
hydrogen sulphide is 4% gas by volume, which equates to 40,000 parts per
million H2S. This exceeds the exposure limit for people working in H2S
environments; 10ppm for 8 hours. At 40,000 ppm H2S, a worker would be
immediately overcome while testing for LEL
Preparing the Meter:

Be sure to follow the directions supplied by the manufacturer of your gas detector. Testing
the atmospheres for the safety of workers requires that the gas detection equipment be in
perfect condition, properly calibrated and will be operated by competent people. Some
portable equipment is designed to test for a combination of oxygen levels, flammable levels
and hydrogen sulphide levels.
Section 4.0 Page 22

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4.0.8.10 Monitoring for Explosive Mixtures
IRP Monitoring for explosive mixtures with a suitable calibrated monitoring

device in the vicinity of potential ignition sources (e.g. pump) during
pumping/flow back operations is recommended. The monitoring
device must be calibrated to propane. The operations must be
suspended or an alternate method of flowback initiated to eliminate an
explosion risk around potential ignition sources.
IRP Wind direction devices should be strategically located around the

lease.
Note: Monitoring for explosive mixtures with a suitable device is the only practical
method of determining safe operating conditions. Judging conditions based on
sight, smell, wind directions, etc., may be very deceiving in that explosive
mixture levels can change rapidly during a flow back situation. Portable
monitoring devices are available that give direct readout of combustible gas
explosive limits. A fixed sensor could be located in an enclosed rig pump
house.
4.0.8.11 Calibration of Explosive Mixture Monitors
IRP Explosive mixture monitors should be calibrated regularly by the

Owners representative or other qualified individual prior to each
operation. Monitoring devices must be calibrated to propane. Defective
devices must be replaced or serviced prior to commencing a flow back
operation where monitoring for explosive mixture will be required.
The Owners representative should be aware of the limitations of the
monitor for the fluids expected.
Note: As with any safety device, the degree of dependability of a gas detector is
directly proportional to the care it receives. All explosive mixture monitors
require routine maintenance on a regular basis, which includes cleaning the
device and its sampling system, checking voltage supply to the unit and
performing regular calibrations. Some of this servicing may require the
services of a qualified technician.
4.0.8.12 Hydrates: Awareness and Handling
Gas Hydrates are crystalline compounds formed, by the chemical

combination of natural gas and water, under pressure at temperatures
considerably above the freezing point of water. In the presence of free
water, hydrates will form when the temperature of the gas is below a
certain temperature, called the “hydrate” temperature. Hydrate
formation is often confused with condensation and the difference
between the two must be clearly understood. Condensation of water
from natural gas under pressure occurs when the temperature is at or
below the dew point at that pressure. Hence, the hydrate temperature
would be below and perhaps the same as, but never above the dew
Section 4.0 Page 23

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point temperature. (Dew point is the state of a system characterized by

the coexistence of a vapor phase with an infinitesimal quantity of liquid
phase in equilibrium. Dew point pressure is the fluid pressure in a
system at its dew point.) While conducting tests, it becomes necessary
to define, and thereby avoid, conditions that promote the formation of
hydrates. This is essential to the proper field conduct of tests since
hydrates may choke the flow string, surface lines, and the well testing
equipment. Hydrate formation in the flow string would result in a lower
value for measured wellhead pressures. In a flowrate-measuring
device, hydrate formation would result in a lower flow rate. Excessive
hydrate formation may also completely block flowlines and surface
equipment.
In summary, conditions promoting hydrate formation are:
Primary conditions:
- Gas must be at or below its water dew point with free water present
- Low temperature
- High pressure.
Secondary conditions:
- High velocities
- Pressure pulsations
- Any type of agitation
- Presence of H2S and C02
- Iintroduction of a small hydrate crystal.
For the purpose of well testing it is convenient to divide hydrate

formation into two categories:
1. Hydrate formation due to decrease in temperature, with no sudden
drop in pressure, such as in flow string or surface lines.
2 Hydrate formation where a sudden expansion occurs such as in
flow provers, orifices, backpressure regulators and chokes.
Ice buildup may occur on the inside of pipe when left idle, after
flowing, due to condensation residue left on the inside walls of piping
systems. This is not a hydrate although it could lead to the formation of
a hydrate by the introduction of a hydrate crystal to the flow stream.
IRP For the awareness and prevention of hydrates:

- Programs supplied by the well owner should identify potential
hydrate problems by way of bottom hole temperatures, presence of
free water, H2S and CO2 content and downhole restrictions
- Prejob safety meetings should reference the possibility of hydrates
- Incorporate the primary and secondary conditions listed above
- Provision for the injection of methanol should be planned prior to
flowing of the wel.
- Consideration should be given to batching or injecting methanol
down the tubing and the annulus, if applicable, prior to flowing
Section 4.0 Page 24

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- Methanol should be batched or injected into the wellhead flowline

before opening the well to flow and during any future shutdown
periods so as to prevent ice build up on the inside walls of piping
systems
- Flowlines should be purged with a gas medium (propane/N2), where
available and when extended shut down periods are anticipated,
especially during cold weather operations
- The introduction of surface heating facilities, such as line heaters,
will assist in the prevention of hydrates in surface equipment
- Staging pressure drops will assist in the prevention of hydrates in
surface equipment.
IRP Where hydrate formation or ice buildup is suspected in surface

flowlines, the lines must be proven to be clear by purging with
methanol or a warm gas or fluid before the lines are broken apart.
IRP During the pressure testing procedure and start up, all non-essential
workers must vacate the surrounding area of the testing equipment,
flowlines and wellhead.
4.0.8.13 Pressure Rating Formula For Seamless Pipe - Appendix I
The standard is ANSI/ASME B31.3, "Chemical Plant & Petroleum Refinery Piping".
From Section 304.12 (3b) :
P=2SE t / D
Where:
P – is a maximum allowable working pressure, in psi,

S – is the basic allowable stress, in psi, for a given material, as defined in ANSI / ASME
B31.3 Table A-1,
Note: for the common piping materials A 53 Gr. B, A106 Gr. B, A 333 Gr. 6, A 334 Gr.
6, and API 5L Gr. B, the allowable stress below 204 Celsius (400 Farenheit) is
20,000 psi
E – is the basic quality factor for longitudinal welds, as defined in ANSI / ASME B31.3
Table A – 1B,
Note: for seamless pipe, forgings and fittings E = 1.00, and for electric resistance
welded pipe, E = 0.850
t – is the minimum pipe wall thickness, in inches. t = ( tnominal x 0.875) - H, where:
tnominal – is the nominal wall thickness, in inches, of the pipe as defined in ASME
B36.10M (see attached table for common pipe sizes, thicknesses and
diameters).
Section 4.0 Page 25

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0.875 - represents the manufacturers allowable under tolerance of 12.5% for

seamless pipe.
H - is thread depth. For NPT threads, H = 0.07531 "up to 50.8mm(2in) pipe ”, and
H = 0.10825 "above 50.8mm(2in) pipe”.
D – is the outside diameter, in inches ( see attached table for common pipe sizes,
thicknesses and diameters) ,
Note: the above calculation does not include corrosion allowance. If a corrosion
allowance is required to be added:
t – ( tnominal x 0.875) – H – c, where c is the required corrosion allowance, in

inches.
Section 4.0 Page 26

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4.0.8.13.1 Tables - Pressure Rating Of Seamless Pipe
The attached tables DO NOT include a corrosion allowance. In well testing, sudden and violent erosion is
certain to destroy well test pipe before corrosion.
Pipe Size Actual O.D. Pipe Nominal Nominal Welded NPT Threaded Welded
Inches Inches Schedule Wall I.D. Carbon Carbon Steel 4130 HRC
Inches Inches Steel 18-22 Max.
1/2 .840 40 (STD) .109 .622 1000

80 (XH) .147 .546 2700
160 .187 .466 4550
XXH .294 .252 9850
3/4 1.050 40 (STD) .113 .824 900

80 (XH) .154 .742 2350
160 .219 .612 4850
XXH .308 .434 8400(5000*)
1 1.315 40 (STD) .133 1.049 1300

80 (XH) .079 .957 2600
160 .250 .815 4800
XXH .358 .599 8250(5000*)
*VALUES IN BRACKETS ARE LIMITED TO API 6A
Section 4.0 Page 27

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1 1/2 1.900 40 (STD) .145 1.610 1100

80 (XH) .200 1.500 2200
160 .281 1.338 3850
XXH .400 1.100 6500(5000*)
2 2.375 40 (STD) .154 2.067 2400 1000 3400

80 (XH) .218 1.939 3450 2500 4900
160 .344 1.689 5650 4100 8000
XXH .436 1.530 7400 5750(5000*) 10450
2 1/2 2.875 40 (STD) .203 2.469 2600 1000 3700

80 (XH) .276 2.323 3600 1950 5100
160 .375 2.125 5000 3250(3000*) 7100
XXH .552 1.771 7750 5800(3000*) 11000
XXXH .750 1.375 10900 8800(3000*) 15400
Section 4.0 Page 28

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3 3.500 40 (STD) .216 3.068 2250 950 3200

--- .254 2.992 2800 1350 3800
80 (XH) .300 2.900 3200 1850 4500
--- .375 2.750 4050 2650 5750
160 .438 2.624 4800 3350(3000*) 6800
XXH .600 2.300 6850 5300(3000*) 9700
--- .750 2.000 8750 7100(3000*) 12400
--- 1.000 1.500 12000 10250(3000*) 17000
3 1/2 4.000 40 (STD) .226 3.548 2050 900 2900

80 (XH) .318 3.364 2950 1750 4200
--- .500 3.000 4800 3500(3000*) 6800
XXH .636 2.728 6250 4900(3000*) 8850
--- .750 2.500 7550 6150(3000*) 10700
--- 1.000 2.000 10400 8900(3000*) 14700
--- 1.250 1.500 13200 11650(3000*) 18700
Section 4.0 Page 29

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4 4.500 40 (STD) .237 4.026 1900 900 2700

--- .250 4.000 2000 1000 2850
--- .312 3.875 2550 1500 3600
80 (XH) .337 3.826 2750 1700 3900
--- .364 3.772 3000 1950 4250
120 .438 3.624 3650 2550 5200
--- .500 3.500 4200 3100(3000*) 6000
160 .531 3.458 4500 3400(3000*) 6400
XXH .674 3.152 5850 4700(3000*) 8300
--- .750 3.000 6600 5400(3000*) 9350
--- 1.000 2.500 9100 7850(3000*) 12900
--- 1.250 2.000 11650 10300(3000*) 16500
--- 1.500 1.500 14100 12700(3000*) 19950
4 1/2 5.000 40 (STD) .247 4.506 1800 900 2550

--- .250 4.500 1800 900 2550
80 (XH) .355 4.290 2600 1650 3700
--- .375 4.250 2750 1800 3900
--- .500 4.000 3750 2800 5350
XXH .710 3.580 5500 4450(3000*) 7800
--- .750 3.500 5850 4800(3000*) 8300
--- 1.000 3.000 8100 6700(3000*) 11500
--- 1.250 2.500 10400 9200(3000*) 14700
--- 1.500 2.000 12650 11400(3000*) 17900
Section 4.0 Page 30

2000/02
5 5.563 40 (STD) .258 5.047 1700 850 2400

80 (XH) .375 4.813 2500 1650 3500
120 .500 4.563 3350 2500 4750
160 .625 4.313 4250 3350(3000*) 6050
XXH .750 4.063 5200 4300(3000*) 7400
--- 1.000 3.563 7200 6200(3000*) 11900
6 6.625 --- .250 6.125 1350 700 1900

40 (STD) .280 6.065 1500 850 2150
--- .312 6.001 1700 1000 2400
--- .375 5.875 2050 1350 2900
80 (XH) .432 5.761 2400 1700 3400
--- .500 5.625 2800 2050 3950
120 .562 5.501 3150 2450 4450
160 .718 5.189 4100 3350(3000*) 5800
XXH .864 4.897 5000 4250(3000*) 7100
--- 1.000 4.625 5900 5100(3000*) 8350
--- 1.125 4.375 6800 5950(3000*) 9600
--- 1.250 4.125 7600 6750(3000*) 10800
Section 4.0 Page 31

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4.0.8.14 Worker Safety
IRP Before commencing any operation a pre-job safety meeting must be

held. Suggested topics are:
- Scope of work
- Procedures to be followed
- Pertinent well and fluid characteristics
- Responsibilities of each person involved in the operation
- Emergency procedures, special hazards, and safe briefing areas.
Note: Equipment should be routinely serviced and tested by certified workers as per
the manufacturer's specifications or regulatory requirements. The Owners
representative is responsible for conducting an on-sight pre-job safety
equipment inspection to ensure the safety equipment is operational.
IRP All applicable federal and provincial regulations must be adhered to,
such as TDG, WHMIS and Occupational Health and Safety and WCB.
4.0.8.15 Minimum Workwear Requirements
IRP A written protective clothing policy must be available on-site. The

following minimum workwear requirements must be followed:
- A hardhat must be worn in the work area
- Safety (steel toed) footwear must be worn in the work area
- Safety goggles or safety prescription glasses must be worn where
the possibility of flying debris or hazardous chemicals exists
- Hearing protection where over exposure to noise may occur
- Gloves must be worn as required, e.g. specialty gloves for
chemicals, leather gloves for handling pipe, etc
- Untorn, fitted clothing must be worn in the work area
- Outer or covering apparel must be fire retardant where the
potential for fires exists. Natural fibers for innerwear is preferred
over synthetic fibers
- All clothing that becomes contaminated with hazardous chemicals
or flammable fluids must be removed and replaced
- Minimum safe standards for hard hats, footwear, eyewear and ear
protection should be determined by the Well Testing Company.
The following standards are appropriate:
• Hardhats: CSA Z94.1
• Footwear: CSA Z195 Grade 1
• Eyewear, Goggles: CSA Z94.3
• Hearing Protection: CSA Z94.2
Section 4.0 Page 32

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4.0.8.16 Minimum General Safety Standards

IRP The following minimum standards must be followed:
- No smoking within 50 m of potentially flammable vapors
- Facial hair must not impede the sealing of respiratory equipment
- Intoxicating substances and intoxicated persons are not allowed on
location
- Firearms on location are discouraged, except for flare ignition (if
required)
- An adequate supply of potable water must be on location (for
drinking, and emergency washing)
- Good housekeeping practice is required for all of the location
- The requirements of Workplace Hazardous Material Information
System and Transportation of Dangerous Goods must be followed
- A form of wind direction indicators must be present on location, e.g.
windsocks, flagging tape, etc.
- A field phone must be present on location
- A list of emergency contacts must be conspicuously posted on
location
- A means of transport for injured persons must be on location
- An unobstructed exit path must be available
- The Safety Standby Method must be employed for all hazardous
work.
- H2S detection apparatus must be on location
- H2S determinations must be performed while wearing breathing
apparatus. A minimum of two (2) positive pressure type apparatus
must be at location and maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications
- On Sour wellsites where the H2S concentration is greater than 100
ppm, the Owner must provide supplied air breathing apparatus
(SABA’s) in addition to self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
See Common Terms Section 4.0.8.1 for additional information
- When a significant volume of wellhead gas is produced, either to
an orifice device, or through a separator, notification should be
given to the local provincial authority. See Section 4.0.8.19
- A First Aid Kit as specified by the provincial OH&S authority must be
on location
- Fire Extinguishers must be charged and on location.
• Cold separator or pressure tank rig-up: Minimum 2 Class
• ABC, 9 kg
• Heated Unit and flare stack or line heater, pressure tank and
• flare stack: Minimum 3 Class ABC, 9 kg
• Heated unit or line heater/pressure tank combination
withsecond stage separation or more than one item of auxiliary
flow equipment: Minimum 4 Class ABC, 9kg
- Wellsite illumination must be sufficient to safely perform the job
Section 4.0 Page 33

2000/02
- Safety Stairs (or equivalent devices that would allow a rescue at the
top of a tank other than by ladder access) are required whenever
breathing apparatus is required at the top of a tank
- In Alberta, an ESD valve must be installed on wells with more than
1379 kPa pressure and an H2S content greater than 1%. Additional
considerations for use of an ESD valve are wells that
• Have harmful or toxic substances
• Have severe abrasives (i.e. frac sand)
• Have high operating pressure
• Have other unusual hazards.
Note: These points are by no means all of the General Safety Standards that should
be followed. The points are listed as having special relevance to well testing.
Provided that it does not contradict the Well Owners policy, well testing
companies may use a fixed period to certify newer employees while on the
job, provided that such persons are adequately protected by other certified
workers on location.
Note: These points are minimum standards and contractors should determine
whether the Well Owner has additional standards.
4.0.8.17 Pre-job Safety Meeting
IRP A pre-job safety meeting must be held involving all workers who will be
on location during operations. The meeting should be recorded and
the agenda should include the following:
- Responsibilities and work programs
- Safety procedures, general and specific to the job
- Safety equipment location and operation. Drills are appropriate
- Emergency contacts.
Note: Holding the safety meeting prior to purging could be appropriate depending on
workers present and the time between purging and well opening. The
contractors daily shift change is considered, in part, a safety meeting. The
agenda should include a complete de-briefing of the previous shift and the
noting of any new hazards. It is appropriate to hold interim safety meetings at
any time when conditions have changed from initial expectations. The flare
permit, if applicable, must be reviewed and conspicuously posted.
4.0.8.18 Opening a Closed Tank System for Inspection after Flowing or after
Purging with a Flammable or Inert Medium
It is recognized that it is not always practical to have an inert purge medium for
all operations. Flammable purge mediums, such as propane, are successfully
used throughout the industry as long as workers follow special precautions and
procedures. An inert medium also presents its own hazard; lack of oxygen
and non-breathable. The following is meant to assist the worker in assessing
the hazards.
Section 4.0 Page 34

2000/02
IRP Closed tanks must be depressured and not be on vacuum before

opening the system. If available on site, purge the system with inert
gas. Evacuate as much fluid (and solid) as possible before opening the
system.
Prior to opening the closed tank system to check its contents, a hazard
assessment must be conducted by the systems owner representative on
shift. The assessment must be documented and signed by both the
systems owner representative and, if present, the well owner
representative.
The individual who conducts the hazard assessment must have

Confined Space training. (A grace period to August 1, 2000 is in place to
allow companies time to provide Confined Space training to their
personnel.)
- Eliminate all potential ignition sources
- Remove all non-essential people from the immediate area
- Ensure individuals involved in opening the closed system have
proper personal protective equipment such as fire retardant
coveralls and breathing apparatus
- Where workers are preparing to enter a closed system, confined
space legislation must be followed.
References/Links for Confined Space Legislation

Alberta General Safety Regulations Sec15, Sec 177, Sec 178, Sec 188
British Columbia Workers Compensation Board OH & S Regulations 296/97
Section 9.2
Consideration should be given to the use of purge mediums such as N2, CO2,
steam, engine exhaust and water flood. The use of combination flush/vacuum
pump trucks will help to clean out the system as much as possible prior to
opening for inspection.
4.0.8.19 Gas Flares
IRP Notification should be given to the local provincial regulatory authority

prior to a flowback or production test where gas is planned to be
vented, not flared.
Note: In British Columbia, Drilling and Production Regulation s. 58 (3): the operator of
a well or production facility must not, without the approval of the commission,
permit discharge to the atmosphere of any gas produced, including stock tank
vapors unless burned in accordance to subsection (4). This subsection goes
on to discuss the design of a flare line and associated flare stack.
In Alberta, the AEUB does not have a regulation requiring owners to report the
venting of gas to atmosphere. They do however, prefer to be informed when
volumes in excess of 500 m3 per day are being vented to atmosphere.
Section 4.0 Page 35

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Gas flares must be designed with the following considerations:

- H2S / SO2 hazards. Owners are required to define flare stack
diameters and height to prevent H2S emissions and reduce SO2
fallout, within regulatory requirements. Flare Permits are required
for Critical Sour Wells, and when H2S content exceeds 50 mole /
kilomole ( 5% ). From 10 to 50 moles / kilomole (1 - 5%), a minimum
flare stack height of 12 m is required
- Nearby combustible material. Flare stacks should be designed to
prevent combustion of vegetation
- Flarestacks must be adequately anchored.
4.0.8.20 Venting Gas to Atmosphere
Note: Venting of gas vapors while flowing, circulating, or pumping to open tank
systems is covered in Section 4.3 Other Flowbacks.
IRP Notification should be given to the provincial local authority prior to

venting gas to atmosphere. See Section 4.0.8.19
IRP Sour gas (>10ppm) must not be vented to atmosphere where it will
compromise the safety of workers or the general public. If these two
conditions cannot be met, all sour gas must be piped to a system where
the sour gas is burned or flowed to a pipeline.
IRP All gas must be vented in an upward motion directly from the wellhead
or through a riser. In all cases, vented gas must be directed upward and
away from any workers in the area or workers who may enter the area.
IRP Where gas vapors are vented to atmosphere while flowing, signage
indicating “gas vapors are venting to atmosphere” must be positioned
to impede entrance to the wellsite by all vehicles.
4.0.8.21 Flare Pits
IRP Flare pits may only be used in an emergency.
4.0.8.22 H2S Scrubbers
IRP Where ammonia type scrubbers are used, the scrubber must be sized
such that the concentrations and volume of H2S vapor present are
adequately handled. The frequency of ammonia change-out is
dependent on the H2S concentration and gas volume flowing through
the scrubbing system. Fluid pH and liquid level must be maintained at
all times. It is recommended that ammonia be changed out if the pH
drops below 10.5.
Section 4.0 Page 36

2000/02
4.0.8.23 Produced Fluids
4.0.8.23.1 General Fluids
IRP Where fluid is produced, steps must be taken to ensure the safety of site
workers from vapors allowed to escape to atmosphere from the fluid.
4.0.8.23.2 Fluid Properties and Characteristics
IRP The properties of any produced fluids or solids should be evaluated to:
- Identify any potential hazards
- Select appropriate fluid handling procedures
- Establish criteria for shutdown when using an open tank system
- Establish disposal methods
and for
- Toxic effects
- Radioactive material
- environmental impact of escaped fluids
- Corrosive effects
- Possible degradation of elastomers
- NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material).
4.0.8.23.3 Oils
IRP The properties of the produced oils should be evaluated for the
following hazards:
- Flammability; ignition of oil and oil vapors
- Solid deposition problems (e.g. paraffins).
Note: There is a general relationship between flammability and the C1-C7 content of
a hydrocarbon fluid. Flammability increases with C1-C7. Also Reid vapor
pressure increases with increasing C1-C7 content.
4.0.8.23.4 Gas
IRP The properties of the produced gases should be evaluated for the
following hazards:
- Ignition of contained and escaped vapors
- Solid deposition problems (e.g. sulphur)
- Hydrate potential.
4.0.8.23.5 Water
IRP The properties of the produced water should be evaluated for possible
gas entrainment and ignition potential.
Section 4.0 Page 37

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4.0.8.23.6 Kill Fluids, Frac Fluids, Acids and Solvents
IRP The properties of such fluids should be evaluated for the following
hazards:
- erosive potential (e.g. frac sand)
- radioactive tracer in sand
- special toxic effects
- flammability, including ability to be retarded
- special reactive effects
- possible degradation of elastomeric materials.
Note: Material Safety Data Sheet and Transportation of Dangerous Goods information
may provide valuable information to assess any toxicological or flammability
hazards related to the produced fluids. Properties that should be considered
include explosive limits, flash point, Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP), chemical
composition and toxicity information.
4.0.8.24 Tanks
4.0.8.24.1 Rig Tanks
IRP Where gas vapours are vented to atmosphere from an open tank
system, the tank must be a minimum of 50 meters from the wellhead.
IRP Where a degasser is used to separate gases and liquids, it should be

located in a separate compartment of the rig tank. The degasser should
be configured such that a sufficient head of fluid in the tank is
maintained for efficient gas separation.
IRP Flowback operations must be discontinued if liquid carry over from the
degasser vent line occurs, and an appropriately sized separator or
pressurized tank must be employed.
Note: IRP 1.3 Mud Gas Separators, provides an overview of degasser design factors
including vent line sizing.
Note: In British Columbia, WCB Regulations requires an external gauge system on

tanks where sour fluids are produced and no person is to be on a tank while
open to a well.
4.0.8.24.2 Atmospheric Tanks (64m3 style)
IRP Atmospheric tanks are predominantly used for storage of fluids and are
not considered capable of containing pressure. Most atmospheric tanks
are designed with 7 kPa (16oz) hatches and the roof is typically
designed to shear at 14 kPa (2 psi).
Section 4.0 Page 38

2000/02
IRP When producing sour fluids, atmospheric tanks must be equipped with
a suitable vapour gathering, flaring or scrubbing system to ensure that
H2S vapours are not released to atmosphere. The system may also
include a pressurized tank.
4.0.8.24.3 Certified Pressurized Flowback Tanks
IRP Pressurized tanks used for flow back or storage of fluids produced from
a sour well must be manufactured under a quality program to ensure
conformance with design specifications utilizing materials meeting the
requirements of NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION.
4.0.8.24.4 Non-certified Pressurized Storage Tanks
IRP If using a non-certified tank or vessel for primary separation and

storage of fluids while swabbing, flowing to establish a rate, circulating,
pumping or bleeding off rather than using a certified tank or vessel, the
non-certified tank or vessel must be constructed under a quality control
program. Construction, design and material specification data must be
available when requested by the well owner. Government departments
may also request this data.
4.0.8.24.5 Other Tanks
IRP Owners must have regard for the volume of the various fluids to be
utilized and where possible, provide sufficient tank storage to provide
for a suitable retention time or provide for other measures such as
heating or agitation to allow for separation of entrained gas, prior to
transportation.
IRP Pressurized tanks or a closed system should be used for flowbacks,

storing, producing, pumping, swabbing or killing wells with high vapour
pressure hydrocarbons (see Section 4.0.7.14).
IRP When flowtesting from a sour well (>10ppm) during servicing, drilling or
testing operations, a closed system must be used to prevent the escape
of sour gas to the atmosphere. Flowback duration, proximity to and
notification of area residents must be considered. H2S scrubbers must
be operated within the manufacturers operating parameters and
ammonia monitored and changed accordingly.
Note: Hydrometers are readily available to determine the density of hydrocarbons to

be pumped as well as fluids subsequently returned during the flowback.
In Alberta, AEUB inspection policies regarding the handling of sour effluents
are included in AEUB Guide G-37 Service Rig Inspection Manual.
Section 2.5 Fluids and Circulating Systems in ARP 2.0, Completing and
Servicing Critical Sour Wells, contains additional information regarding
necessary fluid handling equipment for critical sour wells. Section 2.10 Quality
Programs for Pressure Containing Equipment includes basic information
regarding quality programs.
Section 4.0 Page 39

2000/02
NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION, Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant

Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment has a 350 kPa pressure limit below
which the requirements do not apply.
A 1987 CPA Tank Vapour Flaring Committee report provides information

regarding the design and selection of a suitable vapour recovery system.
4.0.8.25 Location of Tanks
IRP Rig and/or other tanks should not be placed in proximity to the lease
road exit.
Note: If it is necessary to locate tanks next to the lease road exit, for example on
small leases or remote locations, to comply with other spacing requirements,
ensure adequate transportation for workers is available in the event of an
emergency. This transportation should be off the lease when no other means of
egress are available.
4.0.8.25.1 Location of Rig Tanks
IRP Where gas vapours are anticipated, the rig tank(s) must be 50 meters
from the wellhead and any open flame.
4.0.8.25.2 Location of Atmospheric Tanks (64m 3 style)
IRP Where gas vapours are anticipated, or the tank is rigged with a
venting/scrubbing system, atmospheric tank(s) must be 50 meters from
the wellhead and any open flame.
4.0.8.25.3 Location of Certified Pressurized Flowback Tanks
IRP It is recommended to place certified pressurized flowback tanks 25

meters from the wellhead even though there is no regulated distance
requirement. Where the tank is preceded by a flame arrested line
heater, the line heater and tank must be a minimum of 25 meters from
the wellhead.
4.0.8.25.4 Location of Non-certified Pressurized Storage Tanks
IRP Non-certified pressurized tanks must be 50 meters from the wellhead.

The tank must be designed for its intended use. If the tank is to be used
as the primary vessel, the tank must have been constucted under a
quality control program. Construction, design and material specification
data must be available when requested by the well owner. Government
departments may also request this data.
Section 4.0 Page 40

2000/02
4.0.8.26 Air Entrainment and Purging
4.0.8.26.1 General
IRP Owners and Service Contractors must understand and attempt to

eliminate an explosive hazard due to air entrainment in pipes, vessels
and tanks.
Note: Air entrainment explosions occur upstream of the flowline choke and
downstream of the flowline choke (usually in storage tanks). The fuel source is
the well product, or it can be the purge medium if propane or natural gas is
used to purge. Ignition sources are not always identifiable, but possibilities
include:
- flashbacks from flares
- static electricity
- friction heat (from valve operation or high velocity debris)
- localized "hot spots" in partially open (unbalanced) valves
- spontaneous combustion at critical pressures and temperatures
- spontaneous combustion of compounds such as sulfides
- electrical currents from lightning and power sources (including
cathodic protection).
Air sources upstream of the choke include:

- air from dry run tubing (e.g. for underbalanced perforating.
- coiled tubing unit operations using air
- swabbing, when the well goes on vacuum
- reaction productions (e.g. hydrogen peroxide washes).
Air sources downstream of the choke include:

- initial air, as the equipment arrived
- air re-introduced from the wellhead side
- air pulled into production tanks through open or leaking hatches when a
vacuum condition exists. The vacuum can be caused by fluid withdrawal,
and by excessive venturi action at flare stacks when tanks are vented to
flare.
4.0.8.26.2 Prevention of Air Entrainment in Storage Tanks
IRP Air entrainment during the testing operation must be continuously

monitored so that storage tanks and associated equipment vented to
flare do not become air contaminated. The Logic Chart in Section 4.2,
beginning at "Start Test/Production" must be understood and followed.
System elements suspected to have become contaminated with air must
be repurged.
Section 4.0 Page 41

2000/02
Note: The Logic Chart does not address tank vacuum created by excessive liquid
withdrawal. That should be prevented by a combination of increasing the
blanket gas (or other make-up source), and reducing the withdrawal rate.
4.0.8.26.3 Purging the Well String and Wellhead
IRP Dry tubing should be displaced by N2 or CO2 or alternatively the

procedures of Section 4.0.8.27 should be employed. When dry tubing
with air is opened to the formation, a fluid cushion should be run in the
string. If the well has enough energy, the cushion can be brought back
to a tank. The returning cushion purges the tubing string. Wellhead
pressure should not be allowed to build up prior to the cushion return.
Note: It is recognized that it is not always practical to displace tubing air prior to
operations such as underbalanced perforating or drill stem testing. Owners
and Well Testing Companies must assess the planned procedure when air
exists in the well string.
4.0.8.26.4 Purge Mediums for Purging Surface Equipment
IRP Purging should be performed by a purge medium vapor displacing air.

Non-flammable vapors are preferred. Propane or sweet gas is
acceptable with extra precautions, recognizing that the purge medium
will create explosive mixtures before air purging is complete.
4.0.8.26.5 Pre-Purging Procedures and Checks
IRP The following pre-purging procedures and checks are required:

- Production tanks should be clean
- Production tanks must have hatch seals and pre-set pressure thief
hatches
- All system elements must be electrically bonded to each other, with
the wellhead or ground rods as "ground" (or "common").
IRP Where production tanks are vented to flare, the configuration must be:
- The vent line to flare is a minimum 76.2 mm (3”)
- A manual block valve is placed in the vent line
- A pressure measurement tap and low pressure measurement device
(e.g.: U tube manometer) exists between the tank top(s) and block
valve
- A flame arrestor exists between the block valve and the flare stack
(minimum Underwriters Laboratories approved)
- A regulated or manually valved tank top(s) blanket line exists
- The purge medium should be manifolded to a control purging/
measurement point, e.g. the test separator
- All pilots on flare stacks or other open flames within 50 meters of
the equipment to be purged must be extinguished.
Section 4.0 Page 42

2000/02
Note: Regulations in British Columbia do allow the wellhead as a grounding

mechanism. Refer to Production and Drilling Regulation s. 66, Grounding and
Bonding.
Note: If a gas boot precedes the production tank(s), it must be vented to flare. The
vent line should be minimum of 76.2 mm (3.0”). A block valve at the gas exit is
required for the purging process, but, if the gas boot does not have a pressure
relief device, this valve must be locked open or removed during flow. Owners
and Well Testing Companies must recognize that flame arrestors do not
guarantee the prevention of flash-backs, and therefore the elimination of initial
air and subsequent air entrainment is required. A gas boot is meant to strip
solution gas at very low pressures. A flame arrestor should be considered in
the gas boot line if a positive liquid seal cannot be maintained.
4.0.8.26.6 Purge Vapor Measurement
IRP The purge vapor should be measured.
Note: Liquid-volume-to-vapor or mass-to-vapor conversions are allowed if the liquid-

volume or mass vaporized is measured accurately, and if it is ensured that all
of the liquid is vaporized. Numerous measurement devices are available.
4.0.8.26.7 Purge Amounts
IRP The volume to be purged must be calculated prior to purging. For

purge mediums heavier than air, purging should be a minimum of 1.5
times calculated volume, and purging should be from the bottom up.
For purge mediums lighter than air, purging should be a minimum of
2.5 times calculated volume, and purging should be from the top down.
Note: Top down purging is impractical in some situations. If bottom up purging is

employed with purge mediums lighter than air, a minimum of 5 times
calculated volume should be displaced. Small lines and vessels may be purged
for a number of minutes instead of rigorous calculations if it is certain that the
time chosen would exceed the overpurge guidelines.
4.0.8.26.8 Purging With Wellhead Gas (Sweet or Low Concentration of H2S)
IRP The well should be flowed slowly to the separator unit, then to the
flareline, then to downstream vessels/tanks. Downstream vessels/ tanks
must be isolated and purged one at a time.
Note: Production tanks that will not be vented to flare do not required purging.
4.0.8.26.9 Purging Sequence
IRP Purging should be in a downstream sequence, flowline (and heater, if

present) then separator, then flareline then to downstream vessels/
tanks. Downstream vessels/tanks must be isolated and purged one at a
time.
Section 4.0 Page 43

2000/02
Note: The flowline would be purged from the wellhead to the separator unit, if the
vapor was introduced at the wellhead. It is also acceptable to use the
separator as a point of origin for the purge vapor. In that case, the flowline
would be purged back to the wellhead (with the line disconnected at the
wellhead).
4.0.8.26.10 Ending The Purge
IRP Where practical, oxygen meters are recommended for large

vessel/tanks, regardless of the calculated overpurge. The sensing
should be performed at points other than the purge exit of the
component (in case of air bypassing instead of displacement). Oxygen
content must be such that the gas mixture is below its lower explosive
limit.
4.0.8.26.11 Intermediate Purging
IRP Vessels/tanks should be re-purged whenever air is accidentally or

operationally introduced during the test.
4.0.8.27 Opening A Well With Air In The Flowstring
IRP It is recognized that, sometimes, wells are required to be opened when

there is air behind the wing valve. Owners and Well Testing
Companies should consider some or all of the following procedures:
- All non-essential workers should be removed from the test area
- Manifolding should exist so that all vessels/tanks can be bypassed
- It is not necessary to purge an open tank system where gas is
vented to atmosphere
- It is important that the tubing be flow-purged of explosive mixtures
as soon as possible after operations such as tubing conveyed
perforating. The well should not be shut-in for buildup until the
purge is completed because pressuring up the volatile mixture
increases the danger of an in-line explosion
- On sour wells, the well can initially be flowed through a by-pass
directly to flare until the air is displaced from the tubing and the
flare is burning steadily. This will contain possible fires in open-
ended pipe. The well can then be shut-in or directed to pre-purged
vessels prior to liquids arriving at surface. An operator could also
obtain permission from the local authority for short term flow to an
unlit flare to displace air from the tubing. The flow should be
sampled with an 02 or gas detector to verify the mixture is out of the
explosive limits
- The wing or master valve can be balanced by downstream pressure
(N2, CO2 or H2O) prior to opening, to reduce friction and initial inrush
Section 4.0 Page 44

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- Where a well could go on vacuum during swabbing, a check valve

must be inserted in the flowline system. A manual valve should also
be in the system. The saver-sub should be tightened. A regulated
purge vapor to follow the swab cups back down the hole should be
considered
- All suspect lines/vessels/tanks must be repurged when the wellstring
air is eliminated.
Note: Owners should notify nearby residents before commencing operations

respecting the potential for short-term odors that may occur during start up.
Section 4.0 Page 45

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4.1 DRILL STEM TESTING
4.1.1 Scope
Normal drilling procedures control formation pressures and fluids through the
use of a hydrostatic head. Drill stem testing brings these formation pressures
and fluids to the surface, thereby presenting a unique set of conditions since
pressure control is then maintained by mechanical systems. Safe work
guidelines, such as those set out in this IRP, minimize the probability of either
the mechanical or human systems failing during a test, as well as establishing
minimum health and operating standards. This IRP is intended to supplement
existing standards and regulations rather than replace them, and is directed
mostly towards drill stem tests that are to be run on onshore wells.
4.1.2 Planning A Drill Stem Test
4.1.2.1 Drill Stem Test Plan
IRP Owners shall provide a plan for all drill stem tests. This plan shall
include at least: the zones to be tested, the depths of tests, the method
of testing, the type of equipment to be used, the duration of the test,
and a reference to an emergency response plan, where applicable.
The emergency response plan shall be discussed with all employers
and workers involved with the drill stem test.
4.1.2.2 Lithological and Reservoir Information
IRP Operators shall provide lithological and reservoir information on the

zones to be tested. This shall include potential H2S zones, possible well
problems, anticipated recovery, anticipated flow rates, H2S rates, and
anticipated pressures. This information shall be discussed with all
employers and workers involved with the drill stem test.
4.1.2.3 Qualifications
IRP Workers conducting drill stem testing operations shall have the
minimum qualifications detailed in Table 4.1
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TABLE 4.1
PITS PITS EXPERIENCE
BOP BOP H2S FIRST IN
SECOND FIRST COURSE AID WHMIS TDG OVERALL
THE WORKER LINE LINE (*1) (*2) (*3) (*4) OPERATIONS
OWNERS REP. X X X X X X
RIG MANAGER X X X X X X
DRILLER X X X X **X
TESTER X X X **X
SAFETY X X X X **X
SUPERVISOR
1* A course with an exam or certificate. (See IRP 4.1.5.3)

2* Any two of the crew, on any shift, must have first aid qualifications.
3* WHMIS: Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
4* TDG: Transportation of Dangerous Goods.
** The lead Driller, Tester and Safety Supervisor should have a good understanding of the
overall operation.
4.1.3 On-Site Pre-Test Guidelines
4.1.3.1 Pre-test Safety Meeting
IRP The worksite Owner or designated representative shall hold a pre-test

safety meeting with all workers on the site that may be involved with the
drill stem test. This meeting shall review the testing plan, testing
procedures, test prognosis, operation of surface equipment, and assign
specific worker responsibilities. The pre-test safety meeting shall be
recorded, along with a record of those who attended the meeting. The
pre-test safety meeting will include a discussion of the emergency
response plan where applicable, including any revisions
orrecommendations to accommodate the specific well environment.
4.1.3.2 Pre-Test Inspection
IRP The worksite Owner or designated representative shall visually inspect

all equipment and facilities that may be used during the drill stem test
including:
- The drilling floor and hoisting equipment
- Safety equipment
- Surface equipment and lines
- Drill stem test tools including test head and floor manifold
- Drill pipe, drill collars, drilling fluid and additives
- Blow-out prevention equipment
- Fluid containment or storage equipment.
Section 4.1 Page 47

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The inspection shall ensure proper distances are used in placing the
equipment on the worksite.
IRP Swivel joints and flow lines upstream of the choke manifold shall be
subjected, prior to the drill stem test, to a pressure test. The lines shall
be visually inspected for leaks at both low pressures and high
pressures. The high pressure test shall be to the maximum anticipated
surface pressure. Lines downstream of the manifold should be secured
to restrict them from movement.
Reference: Safety Checklist - see Appendix 1
4.1.3.3 Pre-test Training
IRP The worksite Owner or designated representative shall ensure that all
workers involved with a drill stem test are properly trained in the
operation of drill stem testing equipment, safety equipment, and
personal safety equipment.
4.1.4 Drill Stem Testing Guidelines
4.1.4.1 DST Tool Retrieval During Daylight
IRP Liquids recovered during Drill Stem Tests should be reverse circulated
from the drill pipe. Prior to reversing out, drill pipe may be pulled from
the hole until fluids are encountered at surface. Test plugs should be
utilized if liquid recovery is expected. When using test plugs, they
should be used from the very first stand pulled, then continuously
throughout trip. If reverse circulation is not possible, the trip may be
continued using test plugs and mud can with extreme caution.
IRP When testing sour wells a certified pressurized tank and flare stack
should be used to ensure efficient separation and burn of all gases. A
flare permit from the local authority may be required.
Cautions:
A pump-out-sub or downhole circulating device should be run in the test string
to reverse.
Reverse circulation requires proper disposal of the contents of the drill string.
Pump to a tank truck or a vacuum truck.
Ensure that all lines are secured so as to restrict their movement, engines are
off, and the receiving vessel is properly grounded and vented.
Refer to IRP 4.1.6.2 if the recovery is sour.
See IRP 4.2 Well Testing and IRP 4.3 Other Flowbacks for other
information.
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Extra care must be taken once the pump-out-sub has reached the rig floor
since hydrocarbons may be present below the pump-out-sub.
Reverse circulation may not always be possible if a pump-out-sub fails to
operate, or the owner chooses not to reverse circulate liquid recoveries in order
to obtain better quality formation fluid samples.
Owners may choose to reverse circulate prior to encountering fluids depending

on the fluid recovery expected. The use of telemetry for surface readout will
indicate potential fluid recovery. Monitoring the flare through final shut-in may
also show indications of fluid in the drill pipe.
4.1.4.2 DST Tool Retrieval During Darkness
IRP Drill stem tests may be conducted during darkness until liquid recovery
is encountered, if IRP 4.1.6 is followed and there is adequate lighting.
At this point the recovery must be reverse circulated. If reverse
circulation is not possible, pulling drill pipe shall not be continued until
daylight.
Note: Extra care must be taken once the pump-out-sub has reached the rig floor
since hydrocarbons may be present below the pump-out sub.
4.1.4.3 Annulus Fluid Level
IRP The fluid level in the annulus shall be monitored at all times. Should
the packer seat fail and the level of fluid in the annulus drop, a method
for filling the hole shall be in place at all times.
Note: A drop in the fluid level would reduce hydrostatic pressure and could allow
zones above the packers to kick. Such a loss could be caused by a packer
seat failure or fluid loss to an upper formation.
4.1.4.4 Workers On Rig Floor
IRP All workers shall be fully aware of their responsibilities during the test
including what to do in an emergency.
IRP Clear all non-essential workers from the rig floor during the drill stem
test.
4.1.4.5 Test Line
IRP A separate drill stem test line shall be rigged up to the floor manifold
and run to the flare pit or other area to dispose of or to store the fluid.
The flare line must be adequately secured and the igniter lit prior to the
start of the test, if applicable. Do not use the BOP blowdown line as the
test line. When testing sour wells a certified pressurized tank and flare
stack should be used to ensure efficient separation and burn of all
gases.
Section 4.1 Page 49

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Note: If a hydrate or sulphur plug is suspected in the drill pipe, be very cautious
before disconnecting any of the pipe. Plugging can be monitored best by the
use of telemetry, surface readout system. Monitoring the flare through the final
shut-in may also aid in identifying plugging.
4.1.4.6 Floor Manifold
IRP The line of flow shall be directed through a floor manifold to allow for
control and measurement of flow. The manifold shall have a pressure
rating which exceeds that of the maximum anticipated surface pressure
to be encountered. A floor manifold may also be referred to as a
choke manifold on the rig floor. The floor manifold must be secured so
as to restrict it from movement in the event of a break in the piping
system.
4.1.4.7 Swivel Joints and Flexible Pipe
IRP All swivel joints and flexible pipe shall be secured with a safety cable.
The integrity of flexible piping should be ensured through pressure
testing.
4.1.4.8 Fire Prevention
IRP Non-essential electrical systems, motors and engines within 25 m of the

wellhead shall be shut down. Any essential diesel motor
within 25 m of the wellbore should be equipped with an exhaust
extension and emergency shut-off system. The rig floor and sub area
shall be well ventilated. This may include opening "man-doors" in pre-
fabs during winter operations.
4.1.4.9 Pipe Tally
IRP A pipe tally shall be taken while pulling out of the hole for the drill stem
test and a tally shall be taken while running the test to depth. This tally
shall be reviewed and checked by the wellsite owner before starting
the test.
4.1.4.10 Flow Checks
IRP After completion of the drill stem test, flow checks should be done prior
to starting the test string out of the hole and should be done at
appropriate intervals while pulling out of the hole. A flowcheck is when
the pulling of pipe is stopped and a waiting period is used to see if
there is any inflow into the annulus. Ensure the test string is pulled
slowly to avoid a swabbing effect. Follow rigorous hole filling
procedures. Appropriate intervals for flow checks are:
- After pulling the first 3-5 stands
- When half way out of the hole
- When the test tools are at the casing shoe
Section 4.1 Page 50

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- At any warning sign

- When the drill collars are reached
- When totally out of the hole.
Flow checks should be 10-15 minutes in length, with flow temporarily

diverted to the trip tank.
4.1.5 Sour Drill Stem Test Guidelines
4.1.5.1 Safety Guidelines
IRP The safety of the worker and equipment takes precedence over any test
information to be collected. Prior to starting a sour drill stem test, it is
essential that all workers on the lease understand the dangers of H2S.
They should be fully informed of and trained in appropriate safety
procedures, including the use of safety equipment and breathing
apparatus.
IRP A safety company representative must be on-site during the testing of

any well that has the potential of producing sour gas.
Caution: Hydrogen sulphide gas is colourless, heavier than air, and is extremely toxic.
It is explosive when mixed with air in the range of 4.0% to 45%, and it is
soluble in fluids. The principal danger to the worker is poisoning by inhalation.
Tubulars and metals in an H2S environment can be very susceptible to
hydrogen embrittlement and sulphide stress cracking.
4.1.5.2 Sour Drill Stem Testing Equipment
IRP A drill stem test that may encounter H2S shall have sour service surface
equipment meeting the requirements of NACE MR 01-75 latest edition,
"Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield
Equipment". A certified pressurized tank and flare stack for efficient
separation and handling of sour gas or fluids must be used.
Note: Hydrogen embrittlement and sulphide stress cracking are influenced by a

complex interaction of parameters, including:
- Metal chemical composition, strength, heat treatment and microstructure
- Type and pH of the drilling fluid
- H2S concentration and total pressure
- Total tensile stress
- Temperature of the interval being tested
- Length of time tools are exposed to H2S
- Other factors.
The decision on which surface equipment, downhole equipment and testing

tubulars to run for a sour drill stem test should include an evaluation of the
above parameters to best combat the corrosive effects of hydrogen sulphide.
The selection of tubulars is especially critical, and consideration should be
Section 4.1 Page 51

2000/02
given to using sour service tubing instead of drill pipe. Numerous charts and
graphs are available to demonstrate, both theoretically and empirically,
conditions where drill pipe may potentially be used safely for sour drill stem
testing. An in-depth examination of using drill pipe in a sour gas environment
can be found in Section 1.2 of IRP Volume No. 1 - Drilling.
4.1.5.3 Corrosion Inhibition While Sour Drill Stem Testing
IRP Inhibit water based drilling fluids by maintaining a pH above 10. Inhibit
oil based muds with the addition of commercially available scavengers.
IRP Use a filming amine inhibitor to protect the interior of the test string
when running a sour drill stem test. If no water cushion is used, the
inhibitor should be dumped down the test string. If a water cushion is
used, mix the inhibitor with the cushion, and also put inhibitor on top of
the cushion. Both water soluble and oil soluble inhibitors are available
from safety service companies.
4.1.5.4 Limitations of Sour Drill Stem Testing
IRP Drill stem tests that produce sour fluids to surface shall be shut-in
immediately unless equipment used in the hole and at surface is
adequate for the conditions.
Note: A closed chamber drill stem test will prevent fluid flow at surface during a sour
test. IRP 4.2 Well Testing, provides additional recommendations about
handling sour fluids using surface well testing equipment.
4.1.5.5 Sour Hydrocarbon Recovery
IRP All sour gas shall be flared. Install a constant pilot light or ignition
device in the flare stack to ensure combustion of all gas sent to the flare
stack. Refer to Provincial Regulations regarding flaring.
IRP Sour liquid recovery shall be reversed to a certified pressurized tank

with a flare stack.
4.1.5.6 Neutralizing H2S During Trip Out of Hole
IRP When pulling drill stem test tools out of the hole, use a mixture of aqua-
ammonia and water to neutralize any H2S in vapour phase. Use
caution when putting the mixture down the test string. A small amount
of fluid may unload due to displacement from the ammonia. Ammonia
is available from safety service companies.
Section 4.1 Page 52

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Appendix I Recommended Drill Stem Testing Services Inspection

Checklist
Worksite Owner ______________________ Drilling Company___________________
Lease Location And LSD ________________ Critical Sour Well(Y/N)_______________
DST Service Company _________________ Service Company Rep_______________
Inspected By ___________________ Date 20____ ____ ____ Time:_________Hrs

Yr Mo Day 24 Hr Clock
Well Activity _____________________________________________________________
Mark A Check If "Adequate Or Inadequate" Of ' - ' If Not Applicable
(Note: Any "Inadequate" Must Have An Explanation And be corrected)
ADEQ INADEQ
A. SIGNS
01 No Smoking ____ ____

02 Designated Smoking Area ____ ____
03 No Vehicles or Unauthorised Persons ____ ____
04 Danger High Pressure ____ ____
05 H2S (if required) ____ ____
B. PERSONAL SAFETY
06 Emergency Response Plan complete ____ ____

07 Pre-start up Safety Meeting ____ ____
08 Hard hats (CSA approved) ____ ____
09 Safety footwear ____ ____
10 Eye Protection ____ ____
11 Ear Protection ____ ____
12 First Aid supplies ____ ____
13 Certificates
a) H2S ____ ____
b) WHMIS ____ ____
c) First Aid ____ ____
d) Transportation of Dangerous Goods ____ ____
14 Fire retardant clothing ____ ____
15 Facial hair ____ ____
16 Fire Extinguishers ____ ____
17 H2S gas detector (manual) ____ ____
18 Back packs checked ____ ____
19 Air supply checked ____ ____
Section 4.1 Page 53

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ADEQ INADEQ
C. GENERAL
20 Motor kills checked ____ ____

21 Motor exhaust water manifolds operational ____ ____
22 Safety valve connection checked ____ ____
23 Control valve actuated ____ ____
24 Flowline including lead to manifold
to flare line, pressure tested ____ ____
25 B.O.P. operation tests ____ ____
26 Well kill fluid adequate ____ ____
27 Pumping/tripping practices observed
according to Government regulations ____ ____
28 Emergency lighting ____ ____
29 Rig floor ventilation system ____ ____
30 Equipment integrity for H2S ____ ____
31 Manifold valves set for flow ____ ____
32 Flare pit properly dug 50 m from wellbore ____ ____
33 Flare ignition system ____ ____
COMMENTS / EXPLANATIONS
Note:
1. If separation equipment and oil storage is used, refer to production testing inspection
list in Section 4.2.
2. For rig safety, refer to drilling rig inspection checklist in ARP 2.0
Owner Representative ________________________ Signature _________________
Drilling Company Representative________________ Signature__________________
DST Service Company Representative ____________ Signature__________________
Section 4.1 Page 54

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4.2 WELL TESTING
4.2.1. Scope
The Original ARP’s (Alberta Recommended Practices) for Well Testing were
developed by the Well Testing and Fluid Handling Subcommittee of the Drilling
and Completions Committee (DACC) in 1987 to establish recommended
practices for equipment, procedures and workers for the safe handling of fluids
associated with Well Testing. These IRP’s (Industry Recommended Practices)
incorporate, update and replace the Alberta Recommended Practices (ARP)
Volume 4 “Well Testing and Fluid Handling”, Section 4.2 entitled “Well
Testing”. These IRP’s were developed through 1998 and 1999 with planned
implementation in 1999. The recommendations in this IRP are somewhat
unique in that it is meant to encompass Well Testing and similar operations
where Well Testing companies perform the work. Certain recommendations
(including but not limited to a recommendation on the number of workers
required) are more stringent than would be required for work where Well Testing
companies are not involved. Wellsite Owners are expected to use their own
safe operating practices when testing wells with their own workers and to refer
to the complete IRP Volume 4 document when well testing and fluids handling
operations are being conducted.
4.2.2 Wellhead Control
4.2.2.1 General
IRP Well testing operations should be conducted with a wellhead installed,

or with a temporary wellhead as per IRP 4.2.2.3.6
4.2.2.2 Standard
IRP Wellheads should be selected, designed and manufactured in

accordance with the applicable portions of:
- API 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
or the relevant parts of the ASME/ANSI Series:
• B16.4, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.
• B16.9, Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings
• B16.11, Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
• B16.34, Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welded End
or
"Registered Fittings" as defined in the Provincial Regulatory Agency
or
IRP Volume 5.0 Wellheads
or
A combination of the above, so that wellhead components meet
recognized standards.
Section 4.2 Page 55

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Note: Auxiliary documents should be applied where applicable:

- NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION - Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance
Metallic Materials For Oilfield Equipment.
- ARP 2.0, Alberta Recommended Practices for Completing and Servicing
Critical Sour Wells.
- Provincial regulations
Wellhead components should be manufactured by suppliers with an

appropriate quality program. Shop and field welding quality programs are also
required to ensure that welding meets the requirements of ASME Section IX,
Welding and Brazing Qualifications.
4.2.2.3 Wellhead Minimum Requirements
4.2.2.3.1 Pressure Rating
IRP All wellhead components should have a working pressure rating that is
at least equal to the lesser of the bottom hole pressure of the producing
zone or 1.3 x SITHP.
Note: In Alberta, AEUB Regulation 7.050 calls for wellhead components to be not
less than the bottom hole pressure of the producing formation for wells with
greater than 50 moles / kmol H2S (5%).
Note: In British Columbia (WCB Regulation 23.69(7)): when flow piping exceeds
3500kPa (500 psi), connections must be welded, flanged or hammer unions. If
there is only a threaded connection available at the wellhead, special
precautions must be taken.
4.2.2.3.2 Master Valves
IRP Where practicle, all well tests must be performed using wellheads with
a master valve. Master valves should be of the full bore, round opening
type. Wells where the H2S content of the wellbore effluent is 50
moles/kilomole (5%) or greater require 2 master valves. Master valves
for Critical Sour wells should be API 6A flanged.
Note: Master valves are used to allow the servicing of the wing valve and to allow the
connection of treatment lines, lubricators and other temporary connections.
Master valves are used to isolate other components, and should not be used to
initiate or shut off flow.
4.2.2.3.3 Flow Tee and Flow Cross
IRP All wells must be provided with a flow tee or cross above the master
valve, to connect wing valves to the master valve(s). Critical Sour wells
must be provided with an API 6A flanged flow tee. A top connector
should be considered where applicable.
Section 4.2 Page 56

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4.2.2.3.4 Wing Valve
IRP A wing valve must be attached to the flow or cross tee. Critical sour
wells must have API 6A flanged wing valves.
Note: The wing valve is used to initiate or shut off flow. The flow sequence is always:
open the lower master valve (if applicable), then the upper master valve, the
wing valve. The shut off sequence is the reverse.
Note: Consideration must be given to the use of Emergency Shutdown Valves

(ESD’s) on all wells classed as sour (above 10ppm). In Alberta, all wells to be
flowed having a surface pressure greater than 1379kPa and an H2S content
greater than 1% requires an ESD.
4.2.2.3.5 Pressure Testing
IRP All primary and secondary seals in the wellhead must be hydrostatically
tested upon installation. All wellhead components should be pressure
tested to a pressure that is at least equal to the lesser of the bottom
hole pressure of the producing zone or 1.3 x SITHP. Check with the
wellhead maufacturer for maximum test values between the primary
and secondary seals.
Note: In Alberta, AEUB Regulation 7.050 calls for wellhead components to be not
less than the bottom hole pressure of the producing formation for wells with
greater than 50 moles / kmol H2S (5%).
Note: The minimum stabilization criteria is that detailed in API 6A Appendix F, which
is a change rate of no more than 5% of the testing pressure per hour (10
minute minimum) or 3500 kPa/hour (500 Psig/hour) whichever is less.
4.2.2.3.6 Temporary Wellheads
IRP Temporary wellheads used in well testing, such as drilling or servicing

Blowout Preventers, Tree Savers and Frac Heads must be designed
with control systems that are essentially that of 4.2.2.3.1 through
4.2.2.3.4.. BOP rams are not considered to be master valves.
Section 4.2 Page 57

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4.2.3 Well Testing Equipment Capacities And Pressure Ratings
4.2.3.1 Capacities
4.2.3.1.1 General
IRP Equipment flow capacities should be sized for the flow rates of the
program, and need not be sized for the maximum capacity of the well.
Flow capacities may be derived from detailed calculations,
nomographs and experience.
IRP Pop valves and burst heads must be piped to a system to take
discharged product away from the vessel and workers in the immediate
area.
IRP Unrestricted access to the wellhead wing valve and master valve must
be ensured.
IRP Pressure relief devices as defined by the provincial regulatory agency

must protect pressure vessels and piping.
Note: Conventional safety valves are designed for block in pressure protection and to
operate without allowing the relieving pressure to rise greater than 10% over the
set pressure of the PSV. ASME Section VIII Division 1 requirements are that
the safety valve cannot be set greater than the vessel’s Maximum Allowable
Working Pressure (MAWP) and must have adequate capacity to ensure that
the maximum rise of pressure after the valve opens is limited to 10% of the
MAWP. Backpressure on a safety valve is not a function of its operation to
relieve pressure but is a function of any external produced pressures on the
outlet side of the safety valve. If this backpressure is constant then the
conventional safety valve can be cold set at a lower pressure, set to
compensate for the backpressure.If the backpressure is variable a pilot or
balanced bellows safety valve is required to maintain constant pop pressure.
If the safety valve is installed to prevent overpressure due to thermal (fire)

exposure only and there is no source of external pressure that would cause the
vessel to exceed its MAWP, a thermal relief valve can be installed. This safety
valve can be set at 110% of the vessel MAWP and pressure rise to maximum
25% over the MAWP is allowed.
A pressure shutdown devise is not an acceptable means of overpressure

protection for pressure vessels – a safety relief valve is required.
4.2.3.1.2 Separator Systems
IRP Separator capacities should be at planned operating pressures and

should be sized for all well effluent phases.
Section 4.2 Page 58

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4.2.3.1.3 Heat Requirements
IRP Heat requirements should consider hydrate inhibition, inhibition of solid

deposition, and reduction of solution gas at the liquid storage stage.
4.2.3.1.4 Liquid Storage
IRP The upstream system and the liquid storage stage must be designed to
reduce or eliminate or control the escape of vapors to the environment.
4.2.3.2 Pressure Ratings
4.2.3.2.1 Pressure Vessels
Note: Refer to the “Definitions” section in this IRP for clarification on certified versus
non-certified vessels.
IRP Pressure vessels are defined by the Provincial Regulatory Agency. All
pressure vessels must be designed and registered to their requirements.
All certified vessels must have a CRN registered for the province where
the vessel is used. Pressure vessels or pressurized tanks used for flow
back or storage of fluids produced from a sour well must be
manufactured under a quality program to ensure conformance with
design specifications utilizing materials meeting the requirements of
NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION.
4.2.3.2.2 Pressure Piping
IRP ASME B31.3 Pressure Piping should be used as the design pressure
standard for pressure piping. Appendix 1, Section 4.0.8.13 summarizes
the maximum allowable working pressure calculation and nominal
dimensions of common carbon and low alloy steels. Section 4.2.6 must
be considered for the inspection of all pressure retaining equipment.
Note: The pressure rating table of Appendix 1, Section 4.0.8.13 has no corrosion
allowance. It is the Well Testing Company’s responsibility to ensure that piping
systems are derated or replaced when pipe wall thickness is reduced below
0.875 multiplied by the nominal pipe thickness.
Note: Consideration must be given to the use of Emergency Shutdown Valves

(ESD’s) on all wells with H2S concentrations exceeding 10ppm. In Alberta, all
wells to be flowed having a surface pressure greater than 1379kPa and an H2S
content greater than 1% requires an ESD.
Section 4.2 Page 59

2000/02
4.2.3.2.3 Flanges
IRP ASME flanges have the pressure rating defined in ASME B16.5 Pipe
Flanges and Flanged Fittings. Also refer to CSA Z245.12. Unless higher
temperatures are encountered, the nominal pressure rating is that at 38
degrees C (100 degrees F). API flanges have the pressure rating
stamped on the flange. API 6H fitting use the same class designation as
ANSI B16.5 however the pressure / temperature ratings are different.
4.2.3.2.4 Other Connections
IRP Other connections that are not defined by standards such as ASME, API,
CSA, etc. are acceptable (e.g. Hammer unions, Unibolt connections,
etc.) provided that:
- The Working Pressure vs Temperature rating is clearly stated by the
manufacturer
- The manufacturer has established the Working Pressure according
to proper engineering standards
- Materials shall be as listed in ASME, API or CSA
- Fabricated components shall be welded using welding procedures
qualified per ASME Section IX. Inspection and testing shall be per
ASME B31.3 normal (sweet) or severe cyclic (sour) requirements.
Note: In British Columbia, documentation regarding working pressure must be

available on site.
4.2.3.2.5 Flexible Piping
IRP Flexible pressure piping (e.g. swivel joints, pressure hose, etc.) should
not be used where well effluent internal pressure could exceed 103.4
kPa (15 Psig) in well testing operations.
Note: Where lines of 33 mm (1") or less are normally filled with a stable fluid (e.g.
pressure gauge lines filled with methanol), flexible lines are acceptable.
4.2.3.2.6 Welding of Pipe and Fittings
IRP Pipe and fitting welding should be to the requirements of ASME Section
IX. Post-weld stress relieving is required for H2S service systems (as
defined in 4.2.4.1.2) unless special hardness control procedures as
defined in NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION are observed. Radiography
to ASME B31.3 is recommended.
4.2.3.2.7 Pipe and Fitting Threading
IRP Line pipe threading should not be used above 17.2 MPa (2500 Psig), for
pipe sizes above 33 mm (1" nominal). At a maximum, the line pipe
threading ratings of API 6A shall apply, provided that the thread depth
ratings of Appendix I are not exceeded.
Section 4.2 Page 60

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Pipe / Fitting Size Working Pressure

To 21 mm (1/2") 68.9 MPa (10,000 psig)
27 mm (3/4") - 60 mm (2") 34.5 MPa (5,000 psig)
73 mm (2 ½ ") - 168 mm (6") 20.7 MPa (3,000 psig)
EUE Tubing Threads 34.5 MPa (5,000 psig)
Refer to the formula for pressure rating seamless pipe on Appendix I,

Section 4.0.8.13.
4.2.4 H2s Service Equipment Requirements
4.2.4.1 Metallic Materials
4.2.4.1.1 General
IRP Metallic equipment in H2S service must be designed to prevent Sulfide

Stress Cracking (SSC). NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION, Sulfide Stress
Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment, defines the
requirements as a minimum standard. The "Sour Gas" definition of an
H2S environment is encouraged (although "Sour Oil and Multiphases"
may be used where applicable). An H2S environment exists when the
H2S Partial Pressure exceeds .35 kPa (.05 Psia), and the total pressure
exceeds 448 kPa (65 psia). H2S Partial Pressure = Mole Fraction H2S x
Maximum Operating Pressure.
Note: Owners and Service Companies should note that this definition of Partial
Pressure is not related to definitions of "Sour" by any provincial regulatory body
and that Partial Pressure introduces an additional planning consideration.
4.2.4.1.2 Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
IRP Post weld stress relieving is mandatory for low alloy steels, and
mandatory for carbon steels unless a weld procedure qualification
ensures HRC 22 maximum throughout the weld. Radiography to ASME
B31.3 is recommended where applicable.
4.2.4.1.3 Exceptions
IRP Production lines to tanks, flare lines and vent lines may be exempted
from complete conformance toNACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION if:
- The lines will not normally be exposed to pressures in excess of 448

kPa (65 psia), and the lines have an adequate pressure rating for
short term abnormal service.
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4.2.4.2 Elastomers
IRP Elastomers for H2S service must be chosen by a combination of

manufacturers' recommendations and industry experience, with regard
for other products in the well effluent that may degrade elastomers.
Note: Elastomers are not addressed by NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION, but are
required to be chosen carefully to contain well effluents. A reference for
elastomer selection is ARP 2.11 Guidelines for Selecting Elastomeric Seals or
NACE TM 0187-87 (Standard Method for Evaluating Elastomeric Materials in
Sour Gas Environments).
4.2.4.3 Internal Trims of Valves, Controllers, Etc.
IRP Valves, controllers, etc. should be examined to analyze the possibility

of H2S sulfide stress cracking (SSC). (e.g. components in tension are
generally subject to SSC, components in compression are generally
not). Secondly, the consequences of an SSC failure should be analyzed
for the item. If an SSC failure would compromise workers or
environmental safety, replacement trims should meet the requirements
of NACE MR 01-75 , LATEST EDITION. The following equipment items
must have internal trims that meet the requirements of NACE MR 01-75,
LATEST EDITION, regardless:
- Wellhead Emergency Shut Down Valves (ESD's)
- Pressure Vessel Pressure Relief Devices
- Sleeve or Disc-type Chokes.
Note: The internal trims of some components exposed to H2S have a much higher
possibility of compromising safety and control when they are subject to erosive
well products. These components include level control valves, meters, and
block / bypass valves. Contractors should carefully consider the practical
details of the equipment service.
4.2.5 Well Testing Equipment Material Conformance
4.2.5.1 General
IRP Equipment fabrication standards must be sufficient to ensure

conformance to Sections 4.2.3 and 4.2.4.
Note: Per Section 4.0.8.5, it is the Well Testing Company’s responsibility to meet
pressure ratings and H2S requirements when the Owner has given the proper
information; therefore, the Well Testing Company warrants material
conformance to the Owner. IRP’s 4.2.3 through 4.2.6 are minimum standards
for material identification. More rigid identification systems are appropriate,
and are sometimes specified by the Owner.
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4.2.5.2 Pressure Vessels
IRP The manufacturer's tag shall be affixed to the pressure vessel. The
Manufacturer's Data Report shall be on file along with the latest
Provincial Regulatory Agency inspection certificate and latest pressure
safety valve record.
4.2.5.3 Pipe, Forging and Fittings
IRP Forgings and fittings should be identifiable by API, ANSI, CSA and
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) markings. Pipe should be
identifiable by fabrication standards, drawings, or purchase orders.
Pipe marking by low stress dies is discretionary.
4.2.5.4 Valves, Controllers Meters, Etc.
IRP Such components should be identifiable through API, ANSI, CSA and
OEM markings, or catalogues of OEM products if such catalogues
uniquely identify and are traceable to the component.
4.2.5.5 Connections (Hammer Unions, Flanges, Etc.)
IRP Such components should be identifiable through O.E.M. markings, or

catalogues of O.E.M. products if such catalogues uniquely identify and
are traceable to the component.
4.2.6 Equipment Inspections
4.2.6.1 General
IRP Well Testing Companies should establish a routine equipment

inspection program, structured to reject or repair service related defects
and improper field replacements. The following should be replaced or
repaired:
- Components severely worn or damaged (so that they cannot safely
perform their operating function)
- Welds weakened by fatigue cracking or sulfide stress cracking
- Components subjected to uncontrolled field repairs
- Components that compromise the pressure rating
- Components that compromise the H2S service rating.
4.2.6.2 Inspection Guidelines
IRP Annual or regularly scheduled equipment inspection should consist of

the following:
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- detailed visual internal and external inspection, where possible

- random thickness tests on pressure vessels and piping components
focused on areas most likely to erode, corrode or deteriorate
- at least one Weld Flaw Detection per pressure specification
- repair / replacement of rejected components
- hydrostatic testing of each pressure component to 1.5 times
working pressure.
Note: Several inspection frequency processes are available, for example on a

calendar or usage basis. Well testing work can subject equipment to
exceptional short term corrosion and erosion, which may necessitate
additional inspection. Exceptional corrosion can be caused by acids, solvents,
high chloride content, and CO2 with H2S. Where exceptional corrosion could
be expected, programs should be modified to eliminate as many system
elements as possible (without compromising safety).
Exceptional erosion can be caused by any well debris, and is common

with frac sand returns. Programs in high erosive situations should be modified
to include elements of the following:
- Reduce the rate to minimize erosion
- Direct well flow to a 2-choke manifold, followed by a combination separator
/ storage vessel with large cleanout openings: extra methanol injection
may be required for hydrate inhibition
- Direct well flow to a solids separator or filter.
Equipment should be designed, fabricated, inspected and tested to the

intended most severe service to minimize the effects of corrosion, erosion
cracking, etc. Use of treated (cobalt cased) or coated components should be
evaluated to minimize the effects of erosion.
4.2.7 Well Testing Equipment Spacing
IRP The schematics of the Appendices should be used as general

guidelines to meet spacing requirements and provincial regulations. If
the spacing cannot be met, it is the Owners responsibility to obtain
permission from the local authority for changes. Some spacing
requirements are listed below.
Note: The water tank solution gas hazard should be evaluated before reducing the
distances. The appendices are intended to specify minimum spacing and not
equipment layout or piping details. IRP 4.3 must be referenced when well
testing is combined with other flow back operations.
Note: The Provi nce of British Columbia, Drilling and Production Regulation on Fire
Control s. 62 (c) specifies the required distance from a separator to a flare
stack to be 50 meters versus 25 meters in other jurisdictions. As a
recommended practice, it suggests that all equipment should be 50 meters
from the flare stack for safety and fire considerations.
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4.2.7.1 Equipment Spacing For Propane Tanks
IRP Distances for placement of skid mounted or free standing propane

storage vessels are not regulated. The following shall be considered
before placing this equipment.
- When in use with a vaporizer the equipment placement distance
must meet the minimum distance requirement of the local authority
for open flame equipment from the wellhead. Consideration must
be given to all other potential sources of vapor when selecting a
site to position the vaporizer ( to prevent a fire or explosion)
- Propane tanks must not be located within any tank dyke
- The vaporizer must be a minimum 25 meters from the propane
storage tank(s)
- It is recommended the interconnecting pipe from the propane
storage tanks to the vaporizor be hard-piped and the
interconnecting material must be manufacturered to maintain
integrity for short periods in a fire
- The vaporizer should be inspected and cleaned regularly by a
certified propane equipment supplier
- filling of propane tanks above 85% capacity is not allowed (80% in
British Columbia)
- Position of supply and filling lines to be outside of high traffic areas,
i.e. foot and vehicular
- Tarping propane vessels for use with external heat sources to
vaporize liquid propane during cold weather operations is not
recommended
- Valved ports on the propane storage tanks should be plugged prior
to transport.
Note: Reference the appropriate Provincial Department of Transport for guidance

when transporting oilfield skid mounted propane tanks with product in the
tanks.
4.2.7.2 Equipment Spacing For More Than One Certified Pressurized Tank
IRP Where two or more certified pressurized tanks are used as either a
primary flow vessel or for storage of fluids, the tanks must be a
minimum of 25 meters from the wellhead and can be placed side-by-
side.
Note: Provincial jurisdictions may vary in the distance requirement. Refer to the
appropriate regulatory agency for clarification.
4.2.7.3 Equipment Spacing For Non-Certified, Non-Registered Vessels Or

Pressure Tanks
IRP All non-registered non-certified vessels or pressure tanks must be at

least 50 meters from the wellhead and 50 meters from the flare stack or
any open flame.
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4.2.8 Pre-Test Equipment Check And Pressure Test
IRP The following pre-test checks should be performed:

- Ensure that an inspection check list is followed
- Ensure that all connections are tightened
- Ensure the wellhead flowline is adequately secured to restrict
movement of the line in the event of failure
- Ensure gas flaring lines and fluid production lines are adequately
secured
- Ensure the wellhead ESD (if applicable) is function tested
- Ensure the purging is completed per 4.0.8.26
- Ensure the safety meeting has been completed per 4.0.8.17.
Note: An Inspection Check List is included in the Appendices, developed by the

UPITFOS Implementation Committee (1990). Applicable details of the
checklist are recommended.
4.2.8.1 Pressure Testing in Daylight/Darkness
IRP Following the rig in of test equipment and associated flowlines,

pressure testing of the lines and equipment using a gaseous medium
must be conducted in daylight hours only. If the integrity of the piping
system has been broken at anytime after the initial pressure test,
subsequent pressure tests using a gaseous medium must be in daylight
hours only.
IRP Hydraulic pressure testing may be conducted at night provided the

conditions of section 4.2.9 are met.
Note: See Section 4.2.9, Operational Safety, for night time start up procedures.
Note: In British Columbia hydraulic pressure testing is a requirement on all high

pressure piping systems up to the first pressure control choke. The pressure
test must be not less than 10% above the maximum anticipated operating
pressure as determined by the well owner. When nitrogen is used in well
stimulation, the piping system may be pressure tested with nitrogen. See
British Columbia WCB regulation Section 23.72 for more detail.
4.2.8.2 Wellhead to Choke
IRP It is the Owners responsibility to specify the pressure test medium.

Hydraulic testing is recommended over the use of wellhead gas or
pressurized vapor (CO2 or N2). The test must be to the maximum of
expected wellhead shut-in pressure. No leaks are to be tolerated.
Pressure testing with a gaseous medium must be conducted in daylight
hours only.
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4.2.8.3 Pressure Testing on Critical Sour Wells
IRP On wells defined as Critical Sour the flowline from the Wellhead to the
Choke must be hydraulically pressure tested to a minimum of the
expected Shut in Tubing Head Pressure (SITHP).
4.2.8.4 Downstream of Choke
IRP An inert medium or wellhead gas should be used to pressure test

vessels to a minimum of planned operating pressure and a maximum of
90% of pressure relief device set pressure. Any interconnecting piping
must be included. No leaks are to be tolerated. Where water is used for
a hydrotest, ensure a product to negate ice build up is used in sub-zero
operations.
4.2.8.5 Open Ended Piping and Production Tanks
IRP Open ended piping (flarelines, vent lines) and production tanks should
not be isolated by valves and pressured tested. Closed valves should
not be in the system. Instead, leak tests of open ended piping and
production tanks must be part of initial operational checks after start up.
Visual inspection of connections is an alternative.
4.2.9 Operational Safety
4.2.9.1 Start Up at Night
IRP If required through necessity to start up at night, after a daylight

pressure test was conducted, or a night time hydraulic pressure test was
conducted, the following conditions must be met:
- Provisions are in place for lease lighting of a capacity to maintain
safety of the site workers, allow the worker to perform his routine
duties safely and to ensure visibility for the worker to safely exit an
area in an emergency
- A hazard assessment has been conducted and documented
- The hazard assessment deems the start up safe for the worker
- All non-essential workers are vacated from the immediate area of
the testing equipment, flowlines and wellhead. These workers shall
not return to the area until cleared to do so by the Owners Wellsite
representative after consultation with the Well Testing Supervisor/
Manager
- The crew is well rested.
4.2.9.2 General Start Up Procedure
IRP The following generalized start up sequence should be performed:

- all non-essential workers must vacate the surrounding area of the
testing equipment, flowlines and wellhead. These workers shall not
return to the area until cleared to do so by the Owners Wellsite
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representative after consultation with the Well Test Supervisor/

Manager
- The use of an ESD valve has been considered. In Alberta, all wells
with a pressure greater than 1379 kPa and an H2S content greater
than 1% require an ESD valve on the wellhead
- With wing valve closed, open the master valve and record
pressures
- Close the choke (if applicable) and open the wing valve to the
choke. Perform a detailed leak check
- Open the choke slowly to the pressure vessel. Set operating
pressures immediately, and set liquid levels as soon as possible
- Begin vessel leak checks immediately, closely followed by
downstream checks. For sour wells, those performing detailed leak
checks must wear respiratory equipment
- Check H2S concentration as soon as possible, and at regular
intervals thereafter. Shut in the well if additional equipment or
workers are required
- Check equipment capacities. If pressures or rates exceed capacity,
decrease the rate or shut in the well.
Note: A rate preceding the actual test is appropriate to cleanup the well and to re-
evaluate the programmed well performance.
4.2.9.3 Test Performance
IRP The test should be performed according to the following generalized

guidelines :
- Perform and record measurements according to the program and
provincial guidelines
- Continuously monitor safety systems and equipment
- Continuously monitor air entrainment in tanks (per 4.0.8.26)
- Utilize the Safety Standby Method for all hazardous operations, and
utilize a 2nd back-up worker during sour hazardous operations
- Monitor flare rates and volumes according to the flare permit (if
applicable)
- Monitor and act on new or unanticipated hazards
- Hold complete de-briefing sessions at shift changes per 4.0.8.17.
IRP If the equipment or the procedure cannot safely accommodate the flow,
the Well Testing Company’s supervisor of the shift has the ultimate
authority to reduce the flow or shut in the well, after consultation with
the well owners representative. If the representative is not available,
the well testing supervisor will assume the responsibility to reduce the
flow or shut the well in.
4.2.9.4 Shut In And Post-Test Procedures
IRP The following generalized procedures should be followed:

- shut in by closing the choke followed by the wing valve
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- monitor shut in wellhead pressures per the program

- shut in master valve(s)
- displace all produced fluids to storage (or pipeline)
- for sour or toxic wells, purge the sour or toxic vapors to flare
- shut down flares
- rig out and remove equipment from location
- chain and lock wellhead valves
- it is recommended all solid bullplugs in the wellhead be replaced
with tapped plugs with a needle valve to check for pressure
leakage past all wellhead valves. Ensure the pressure rating of the
fittings exceed the wellhead shut in pressure
- inform well operator of status of stored fluids still on location
- remove debris and garbage from location.
4.2.10 Well Testing Workers
IRP The Owner of the well must ensure there are an adequate number of
qualified well testing workers on the wellsite at all times to conduct
operations safely. The following identifies key situations and
recommends a minimum number of workers required to conduct the
operation safely and efficiently.
4.2.10.1 Recommended Minimum Well Testing Workers on a Wellsite During

Testing Operations
IRP All Owners and Well Testing Companies must exercise caution and
good safety judgement in the selection of well testing equipment
components and the number of qualified well testing workers.
Gas/liquid deliverability, pressure and toxic vapors such as H2S must be
considered. Test equipment should be selected which reduces the risk
of workers being exposed to toxic vapors. Pressurized storage for the
liquid phase is one method of significantly reducing the toxic vapor
hazard. Per 4.2.3.2, vessels for pressurized storage must meet the
requirements of Provincial Regulatory Agencies. Unregistered non-
certified vessels must have adequately sized pressure relief devices to
prevent bursting.
IRP For well testing, a minimum of two (working) qualified test workers per
shift are recommended. If an Owner chooses to conduct a continuously
manned testing operation without the services of a well testing
company, the minimum worker recommendations still apply.
4.2.10.2 One Qualified Well Testing Worker Per Shift
One qualified well testing person per shift may be used on sweet or
sour wells in the following circumstances:
- The individual has the knowledge and qualifications to perform as
required
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- The individual is in a supervisory capacity only, supervising two (2)

other workers at the site, in non-flowing operations such as
swabbing, circulating, venting or bleeding off a well directly to a
certified registered pressurized tank
- The workers at the site assigned to the well testing supervisor are
willing and capable of operating well testing equipment as
instructed
- The well is not flowed continuously to establish gas or fluid rates
- Where equipment rigged in a sour inline mode is automated and
remotely controlled, the well Owner may summon one (1) qualified
representative from the Well Testing Company to the location for
consultation or calibration of equipment as long as a qualified
Owning Company representative is present on the location at the
same time
- Where the well tester is installing electronic data gathering
equipment on existing facilities.
4.2.10.3 Two Qualified Well Testing Workers Per Shift
IRP Regardless of well parameters, consideration must be given to the

amount of equipment the crew is expected to operate effectively and
safely. The workers ability to maintain a safe work environment and
efficient operations is the prime consideration.
A minimum of two qualified well testing workers per shift are

recommended in the following circumstances:
- All sweet wells flowed through test equipment
- The operation is a sour inline test, with all measured well effluents
at the separator diverted back to the pipeline
- A sour operation with essentially no inflow from the producing
zone, such as the servicing of a hydraulically killed well, or where
the formation is mechanically isolated
- A sour operation where the final sour liquid storage stage for
produced fluids is a certified registered pressurized vessel or tank
and the pressure vessel or tank is not preceded by more than one
(1) separation stage
- A sour operation where the final liquid storage vessel is a non-
registered non-certified vessel preceded by a certified registered
vessel or tank, provided the operating pressure of the non-certified
non-registered vessel or tank does not exceed 50% of the design
pressure
- A sour operation where the final sour liquid storage stage is an
atmospheric tank system where; the tank(s) and thief hatches are
designed for a maximum of 7 kPa working pressure, and there is a
maximum of two (2) atmospheric tanks, and
• The operating pressure at the atmospheric tank system does not
exceed 50% of the design pressure, and
• The atmospheric tank system is not preceded by more than two
(2) separation stages including a gas boot, and
Section 4.2 Page 70

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• The atmospheric tank system is gauged only at shift changes

where more than two (2) workers are present, and
• The H2S concentration does not exceed 5% (50 moles per
kilomole)
4.2.10.4 Three Qualified Well Testing Workers Per Shift
IRP Regardless of well parameters, consideration must be given to the

amount of equipment the crew is expected to operate effectively and
safely. The workers ability to maintain a safe work environment and
efficient operations is the prime consideration. Additional procedures
such as tank gauging, circulating fluids, operating line heaters, use of
tank-farms and operation of choke manifolds in erosive environments
will require additional personnel. Consideration must be given having
an adequate number of workers to effectively respond to any
emergencies that may arise.
If the conditions in Section 4.2.10.3 cannot be met, a minimum of three

qualified well testing workers per shift are recommended.
Note: If maintaining the atmospheric tank pressure below 50% of the thief hatch
operating pressure becomes a problem, excess solution gas may be reduced
by some or all of the following methods:
- Use of pressurized tanks
- Reducing the well effluent flow rate (i.e. reduce choke,
- Reducing the operating pressure of the separation stage(s) upstream of the
tanks
- Adding heat upstream of the last separation stage
- Increasing the tank vent line and tank vent line flame arrestor size.
If such operation cannot rapidly eliminate excess toxic vapors, the well must
be shut in and additional equipment and/or workers called out.
Note: When storage stage gas is flared, additional precautions to prevent air
entrainment are required, per Section 4.0.8.26.
4.2.10.5 Minimum Well Testing Worker Qualifications
The following is the minimum qualifications Well Testing workers must

possess in training, certification and competence. PSAC Standards of
Competence have been developed for Supervisory job classifications. These
standards are registered with the Petroleum Industry Training Service (PITS)
and are recognized by the Petroleum Services Association of Canada (PSAC).
Well Testing companies should consider these Standards of Competence
when qualifying their workers.
IRP Workers must have the listed minimum qualifications.
Assistant Operator (Reports to Shift Leader):

- Individual must have H2S Alive (or equivalent) and First Aid
Certificates
Section 4.2 Page 71
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- Individual must have WHMIS and TDG training

- Individual must be able to drive and perform routine repairs on
service vehicles
- Individual must have basic knowledge of employers safety policies
and emergency procedures
- Individual must understand IRP 4.0 as it applies to the individual's
job function
- Individual must have basic knowledge of equipment functions.
Shift Foreman/Operator/Shift Supervisor (Leads One Shift And Reports

to Test or Job Supervisor/ Project Manager)
(In addition to Assistant Operator qualification)
- Individual must have command of basic testing skills (in order to be
able to lead a shift with minimum supervision)
- Individual must have thorough knowledge of employers safety
policies and emergency procedures
- Individual must know pressure ratings of system elements
- Individual must be thoroughly trained in use of safety equipment
Individual must be able to identify dangerous conditions and act
accordingly
- Individual must understand safety responsibilities of assistants.
Test or Job Supervisor/ Project Manager (Well Testing Company’s

Overall Supervisor)
(In addition to Shift Foreman/Operator/Shift Supervisor qualifications):
- Individual must be able to command entire test with no supervision
- Individual must be able to coordinate test with well owner
- Individual must be able to train assistants, and monitor progress/
deficiencies
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Appendix II Lease Layout Schematics
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Appendix II - Production Testing Services Inspection Checklist
CONTRACTOR: _____________________________ OPERATOR:

___________________________________
LEASE LOCATION AND LSD: ___________________ CRITICAL SOUR WELL (Y/N):

______________________
SERVICE COMPANY : SERVICE COMPANY REP.:

_________________________ _______________________
INSPECTED BY: _____________________________ DATE: 20__ ___ ___ TIME:

_____Hrs.
yr. mo. day 24 hr. clock
WELL ACITIVITY: _____________________________________________________________________________
Mark a check if "adequate or inadequate" or "-" if not applicable
(Note: Any "INADEQUATE" must have an explanation and be corrected)
A. Signs ADEQ / INADEQ ADEQ / INADEQ

01 No Smoking 30 Remote Shutdowns (OST)
02 Designated Smoking Area 31 Gauge in place
03 No Vehicles or Unauthorized D. Flowline
Persons
04 Danger High Pressure 32 Pipe schedule
______________
05 H2S (if required) 33 Working pressure _____MPA
06 Sign with Operator name or 34 Pressure Tested (Hydro)
phone #
B. Personal Safety 35 Blocked Level
07 Emergency Response Plan complete E. Deadweight Line
08 Pre-start up Safety Meeting 36 Pipe schedule
______________
09 Hard hats (CSA approved) 37 Working pressure _____MPA
10 Safety footwear 38 Pressure Tested (Hydro)
11 Ear Protection 39 Secured
12 Eye Protection 40 Blocked Level
13 First aid supplies F. Gas, Oil and Waterline
14 Certificates: 41 Secured
a) H2S 42 Blocked Level
b) First Aid G. Pop Line
c) WHMIS 43 Pipe Size _____
d) Transportation of Dangerous 44 Secured
Goods
15 Fire retardant clothing 45 Blocked Level
16 Facial Hair 46 Pop Riser Pilot in place
17 Fire Extinguishers #____ 47 Riser Secured
18 Floor Lights # ____ H. Other
19 H2S gas detector (manual) 48 Check valve in place on
pipeline
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Appendix III - Production Testing Inspection Checklist - Page 2

20 Work masks worn outside 49 plant operators notified of
procedure
21 Side packs checked 50 Flame arrestors in place
_____
22 Back packs checked 51 Flame arrestor __________in.
23 Air supply checked 52 Flame arrestor checked
24 Two air lines reach tanks 53 Purge system in place for
tank trucks
25 Wind direction indicators 54 H2S Scrubber in place for
400bbl tanks
C. Wellhead 55 H2S Scrubber in place on
Tank trucks
26 Clean 56 Tank lines checked
27 Working Pressure ___MPA 57 Tank manifold checked
28 All valves seal 58 Tank manifold Bonded to
tanks
29 ESD Valve Working Pressure ___
MPA
I. Shipping Line M. Spacing
59 Bonded to Tank 103 Wellhead to Separator 25m
60 Length ___m 104 Separator to Tank 25m Min
61 Blocked Level 105 Separator to Stack 25m Min
62 Drip Pail 106 Wellhead to Tanks 50m
63 Valve 107 Tanks to Flare 50m
64 Truck Bonding 108 Flare to Wellhead 50m
65 Fire Extinguisher 109 Certified Ptank to Wellhead
25m
J. Propane Line 110 Non-certified Ptank to
Wellhead 50m
66 Hard pipe to vaporizor 111 Vaporizer to Propane Tanks
25m
67 Blocked Level N. Circulating Pump &
System
68 Bonded 112 Check Valve Working Press.
___MPA
K. Tanks 113 Storm Choke Working Press.
___MPA
69 Bonded to Wellhead 114 Reservoir Full
70 On Planks 115 Flowlines Blocked
71 Level 116 Heater Checked
72 Valves Work O. Heater
73 Valves Set 117 Upper coil schedule _______
74 Tank Stairs 118 Upper coil working prs.
____MPA
75 Thief Hatch Seal 119 Stack Gasket Checked
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Appendix III - Production Testing Inspection Report - Page 3

76 Gas Blanket 120 Bath full
77 Tanks Purged 121 Choke Inspected
78 Vertical line _________in. 122 Supply Gas Checked
79 Flame arrestor _______in. 123 Pilot Checked
80 Flame Arrestor Checked 124 Main Burner Checked
81 Block Valve 125 Flame Arrestor Checked
82 Vertical line secured 126 Heater preheated
83 Drain At Low Point P. Separator
84 Stack Line Clear 127 Separator working prs.
_____MPA
85 Vertical line bonded 128 Relief Valve Checked
86 Berm Checked 129 Pressure Tested
87 Pressure Alarm Set 130 Valves Operational
L. Stack 131 Lines Clear
(Dia.___mm. x m.___ ) 132 Instrument Supply System
Checked
88 Lines Clear 133 BP Valve Stroked and Set
89 Pilot Checked 134 Front Manifold Set
90 Shooter Tube Checked 135 Inside Valves Set
91 Flare Catcher Checked 136 Deadweight Manifold Set
92 Igniter checked 137 Deadweight Line Full
93 No. Guy Wires 138 Methanol Barrel Safe
94 0-15 meters Wires (3) 139 Liquid meters by-passed
95 15-35 meters Wires (3 minimum) 140 Floats Checked
96 35-60 meters Wires (6 minimum) 141 Dump Controllers Set
97 Correct Angles Flagged 142 Hi-Low's Checked
98 3 Clamps/Cable (1" apart)
99 Clamps Correct Position
100 Shackles tight
101 Stack Straight
102 Fire Hazard Checked
Q. Lease Trailer R. General

Light Plant 158 Flash Lights C1-D1
143 Safety Board 159 Test Program Available
144 Portable Water 160 Chemical clothing
145 Safety Binder 161 Mobile Phone good working
order
146 WHMIS Labeling 162 Test Kits Checked
147 Emergency Response Plan 163 Purging Complete
Posted
148 Safety Meeting Posted 164 Government Notified
149 Flare Permit Posted 165 Flaring permit obtained
150 Fire Extinguisher 166 Area residents notified
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Appendix III - Production Testing Inspection Checklist - Page 4

151 Fire Blanket
152 Furnace lit
153 Office area clean
154 Lockers Clean
155 Bench Area Clean
156 Floor Clean
157 Step Level
S. Comments/Explanations
Owner Representative: Signature:

____________________________ _______________________________
Contractor Representative: Signature:

________________________ _______________________________
Service Company Representative: ____________________ Signature: _______________________________
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Appendix IV - Logic Chart
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4.3 OTHER FLOWBACKS
4.3.1 Scope
The Other Flowbacks IRP was developed by the Well Testing and Fluid
Handling Subcommittee of the Drilling and Completion Committee (DACC to
establish minimum recommended practices for equipment requirements,
procedures and workers. The safe handling of fluids associated with well killing,
coiled tubing unit (CTU) operations, and stimulation (swabbing, fracturing, etc)
operations are emphasized on sweet well flowbacks utilizing open tank
systems. Criteria are included for monitoring explosive mixtures on sweet and
sour well flowbacks using closed tank systems. Criteria are provided for
pumping of High Vapour Pressure (HVP) hydrocarbons with a Reid Vapour
Pressure greater than 14 kPa or 50 API gravity.
It is recognized by the Committee that some of the recommendations of this

IRP are onerous to “shallow gas well projects” and projects involving multi-well
operations such as “rod jobs”. The IRP does not intend to cause undo
operational and economic hardship to any owner/operator in the use of these
IRP’s on shallow gas and multi-well projects. In specific circumstances where
the IRP’s do cause operational and economic hardship on these type of
projects, the owner/operator may apply commom practices currently in place
by the owner/operator that meet the intent of this IRP and Occupational Health
and Safety Standards - to provide a standard of safety for the worker, the
equipment and the general public.
4.3.2 Flowing, Pumping Or Circulating A Well To An Open Tank System
Note: See Section 4.3.5.4 for IRP’s on Monitoring and Supervision of Open Tank
Systems.
IRP In operations where wellsite personnel or nearby residents have the

potential to be exposed to sour gas or fluids (>10ppm), the fluids must
be contained in a closed system.
IRP In operations where gas vapours are expected from produced fluid, the
hazards to on-site workers, equipment and the public must be assessed
and deemed safe before proceeding. Hold and document a hazard
assessment meeting on the site with all personnel prior to beginning
operations. The meeting should include discussion of procedures,
sources of ignition, personal protective equipment and identification of
harardous atmospheres. The report must be posted on the site.
Note: The Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors (CAODC) has a

standard hazard assessment form for use in daily operations.
Section 4.3 Page 85

2000/02
IRP All open tanks shall be positioned a minimum of 50 meters from the
wellhead and 50 meters from any open flame sources.
IRP A “safety zone” of 50 meters in all directions from the open tank must
be established and relayed to all persons on the site, when flowing,
circulating or pumping to an open tank system.
IRP No worker(s) shall enter the “safety zone” while flowing, circulating or
pumping to an open tank system. An exception is the pump operator
who must be in the zone to operate the pump if fluid transfer or
circulation is required. Precautions must be taken to ensure the safety
of the pump operator, such as wind direction flags visible to the pump
operator and H2S/LEL monitoring between the pump and the open tank
system.
Note: The use of an external gauge on the tank will aid in monitoring tank levels from
outside the “safety zone”.
IRP A minimum of one person per shift must be trained and competent in
the use of an explosive monitoring device, (LEL meter). The LEL meter
must be calibrated to propane.
IRP All workers involved with flowing, circulating or pumping operations to

open tank systems shall wear appropriate fire retardant workwear.
IRP All sources of ignition must be eliminated and locked out where
possible.
IRP No smoking is allowed anywhere on location while flowing, circulating

or pumping to open tank systems.
IRP Wind indicators must be placed near and around the open tanks.
Consideration of wind speed and direction shall be considered prior to
start up.
IRP The operation shall be shutdown where excessive flows are

encountered and before fluids are splashed or flowed over the sides of
the open tank system.
IRP Flowing or startup after dark is permitted only where absolutely

necessary. Adequate lighting must be available.
IRP All flows must be controlled using a choking device other than the
wellhead wing valve.
IRP The piping system must be designed to accommodate pressure, H2S,

erosion and any other products that may compromise the integrity of
the piping system. The line must be set up with a tee such that if there
is no fluid being recovered, the gas can be diverted to a flare stack or
riser to be vented or burned. The piping system must be properly
secured to restrict movement of the line.
Section 4.3 Page 86

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IRP Physical gauging of open tank systems will only be done once the area
is proved safe by the LEL meter.
IRP Any loading/unloading of fluids from open tank systems shall be done
with the well shut in and only after the area has been checked with an
LEL meter and H22 detector.
IRP While flowing, circulating or pumping wells to an open tank system

where gas vapors are vented to atmosphere signage indicating “gas
vapors are venting to atmosphere” must be positioned to impede
entrance to the wellsite by all vehicles.
IRP After the flowing, pumping or circulating operation to an open tank

system is complete or shutdown, no person(s) shall enter the “safety
zone” until an H2S detector and explosive detection device indicates
the area is safe for entry. These readings must be recorded in a daily
log or safety report.
Proper PPE must be worn while operating a gas detection meter in the
hazardous environment.
4.3.3 Wellhead Control
IRP Well control equipment should be selected having regard for Section
4.2.2 , Well Testing.
4.3.4 Location Of The Rig Pump
IRP The rig pump should be located a minimum of 7 m from the rig tank.
Ensure that the rig pump is not located downwind of the rig tank and if
so, extend the separation to 14 m. IRP 4.3.5.6 provides additional
recommendations regarding potential ignition sources.
4.3.5 Procedures
4.3.5.1 Well Killing Operations
IRP During well killing operations, where possible, the well should be
flowed into the facility pipeline or production facility. If the facility
pipeline is utilized, the backpressure imposed by the line-pac should be
considered. If production facilities are used, the pump rate should not
impart a pressure exceeding the burst rating of the system.
Note: The use of a pipeline, production facility or a pressure tank is an alternative to

reduce explosion hazards. Flowlines, pressurized tanks or atmospheric tanks
equipped with suitable vapour gathering - flaring/scrubbing systems are
alternatives to eliminate any H2S releases to atmosphere (nuisance odours and
public or personal safety).
In Alberta, AEUB inspection policies regarding the handling of sour effluent are
included in AEUB Guide G-37 Service Rig Inspection Manual.
Section 4.3 Page 87

2000/02
Note: In British Columbia, the Oil and Gas Waste Regulation of the Waste
Management Act, Section 3 states, “ The owner or operator of a piece of
equipment or a facility referred to in section 4 or 6 (1) must ensure that the one
hour average ambient ground level concentration of hydrogen sulphide due to
the discharge of air contaminants from that equipment or facility does not, at
the perimeter property on which the equipment or facility is located, exceed 10
parts per billion by volume.” The Oil and Gas Waste Regulation also in
section 4 (g) authorizes discharges to the air of contaminants by owners or
operators of “equipment or facilities that vent to the air, for the purpose of
maintenance of the equipment or facilities, (i) natural gas that contains less
than 230 milligrams of total sulphur per cubic meter of natural gas, or (ii)
natural gas that contains at least 230 milligrams of total sulphur per cubic
meter of natural gas if the natural gas is combusted in a flare or equivalent.”
4.3.5.2 Coiled Tubing Unit (CTU) Operations Using Air
Air is sometimes used in coiled tubing clean outs in shallow gas wells
with low formation pressure, where no condensate or H2S is present in
the formation fluid, and there is a low flow rate expectation from the
well.
Note: Nitrogen gas is recommended for higher risk wells.
IRP A safe operating procedure should be followed. A written procedure

including a hazard assessment should be available on-site with
consideration given to the following:
- Recommendations from IRP 7.0 Coiled Tubing Operations for
Drilling and Servicing
- Wind direction
- Proper grounding of equipment
- Safe and effective control and handling of well effluent
- Ensure that all the air has been displaced from the well, after the
job, before shutting in or producing the well.
4.3.5.3 Operations at Night
IRP Where possible, flowback, swabbing, and coiled tubing operations

should be conducted during daylight hours. Adequate lighting must be
provided if it is necessary to continue operations into the night.
IRP Operations that will involve the bleeding of gas to open systems under
the cover of darkness must proceed only where absolutely necessary.
This will include flowback, swabbing and coiled tubing operations.
Note: Reference the “Definitions” in this IRP on adequate lighting.
Section 4.3 Page 88

2000/02
4.3.5.4 Monitoring and Supervision of Open System Rig Tank
ensure a gas detection meter is available to the site workers. See
Section 4.0.8.1.
IRP The Owners on-site representative shall have training and competence
in the operation of an LEL meter. The Owners representative shall
possess or ensure availability of an LEL meter on all sites where vapors
are expected to be vented to atmosphere.
IRP No worker shall enter the 50 meter “safety zone” around an open tank
system where gas vapors have been vented to atmosphere until cleared
to do so by the Owners site representative or the worker who is
responsible for monitoring the area with a gas detection meter.
IRP Where an Owners representative is assigned to the site, the

representative must be present during all operations were a well is
flowed, pumped or circulated to an open tank system where gas vapors
are not contained. Where an Owners representative is not assigned, the
contractor must provide a supervisor during these procedures involving
open tank systems.
IRP Before commencing bleed-off, flowback, swabbing, pumping or well

killing operations, all non-essential workers must vacate the
surrounding area of the tanks, flowlines and wellhead. These workers
shall not return to the area until cleared to do so by the Owners wellsite
representative after consultation with the Rig Supervisor.
Note: Well killing/circulating/flowbacks are critical and technical procedures. The

Owners representative and/or the rig manager, being the most experienced in
both technical and practical aspects, must be on location during these
operations to provide supervision and to judge proper responses to fluid
handling, explosion monitoring, equipment utilization, and safety procedures. In
particular, workers not necessary to the operation are to be vacated from the
immediate area.
4.3.5.5 Swabbing
IRP A check valve and an additional shut-off valve must be installed on the
flow tee outlet. The shut-off valve must be closed while running in the
hole. Check valves do not always seal 100%. The manual shut-off valve
is a backup for the check valve. Consideration should be given to using
a purge medium to follow swab cups while running in the hole.
Note: The purpose of this procedure is to prevent drawing air or the flame from the
flare into the production tank or into the tubing when running the swab cup
back into the well. The introduction of air into the system can lead to a
combustible mixture. IRP 4.2, Well Testing, Section 4.0.8.27 (Air Entrainment)
details other considerations for the prevention of air entrainment. Where gases
produced are being flared, consideration should be given to maintaining a
positive pressure and flow to the flare stack.
Section 4.3 Page 89

2000/02
4.3.5.6 Control of Potential Ignition Sources
IRP Shut down of potential ignition sources on location, for example the rig
pump, boiler and heaters, if not required for the operation, must be
considered during the flowback of volatile hydrocarbons.
IRP All vehicular access to the well site should be restricted during well
killing and flow back operations to minimize the potential for
inadvertent ignition of any combustible vapours present on the lease.
IRP While flowing, circulating or pumping wells to an open tank system

where gas vapors are vented to atmosphere signage indicating gas
vapors are venting to atmosphere must be positioned to impede
entrance to the wellsite by all vehicles.
Note: Improved wellsite security will ensure that individuals who are required to use
vehicles in proximity to the wellbore, open system rig and storage tanks will
only be able to under the supervision of the Owners representative and/or the
rig manager.
4.3.5.7 Safety Checklists
IRP A safety checklist should be utilized when planning and undertaking an

operation involving the pumping into and flow back of fluids from a
well.
Note: The Upstream Petroleum Industry Taskforce on Safety (UPITFOS) developed a

series of checklists for a variety of operations. They are available through the
industry associations, for example Petroleum Services Association of Canada
(PSAC). An outline is shown in IRP 4.2 Well Testing, Appendix Section.
4.3.6 Well Site Workers
4.3.6.1 Minimum Workers and Training Requirements
IRP The Owner of the well must ensure there are an adequate number of
qualified workers on the wellsite at all times to conduct operations
safely. The following identifies key situations and recommends a
minimum number of workers required to conduct the operation safely
and efficiently.
IRP On non-critical sour wells where well testing workers are not employed,
a minimum of two (2) people are required to directly monitor flowback
operations. Where well testing workers are not employed the Owners
representative or the rig manager must supervise the operation and the
two workers.
Section 4.3 Page 90

2000/02
Note: For critical sour wells, IRP 2, Completing and Servicing, Section 2.15 Well Site
Worker Training and Experience, and IRP 4.2, Well Testing, must be adhered
to.
IRP On non-critical sour wells, a minimum of two (2) people at the well site
involved in flowback operations shall have valid first aid certificates
and H2S training.
Note: Standard St. John First Aid or equivalent.
IRP All persons expected to control pressure rated equipment used during
flowback, swabbing, coiled tubing or well killing operations, should
have training in the operation of pressure vessels and pressure rated
equipment.
Section 4.3 Page 91

2000/02
4.4 LOADING, UNLOADING AND TRANSPORTATION OF

FLUIDS
4.4.1 Scope
The Original ARP’s (Alberta Recommended Practices) for the loading and
transportation of fluids were developed by the Well Testing and Fluid Handling
Subcommittee of the Drilling and Completions Committee (DACC) in 1987 to
establish minimum recommended practices for the loading, unloading and
transportation of wellsite fluids. The IRP’s (Industry Recommended Practices)
incorporate, update and replace the Alberta Recommended Practices (ARP
Volume 4 “Well Testing and Fluid Handling”, Section 4.4 entitled “Loading,
Unloading and Transportation of Fluids”). These IRP’s were developed through
1998 and scheduled for approval and implementation in 1999. These IRP’s
outline procedures to minimize the likelihood of tank explosions during loading
or unloading for both temporary wellsite production testing and subsequent
production facility operations, as well as to control H2S emissions. The
procedures can also be utilized for the safe handling of High Vapor Pressure
(HVP) hydrocarbons.
4.4.2 Fluid Hauling Company Procedures
IRP Fluid Hauling companies must adhere to the following procedures and
practices.
- Stop at the entrance to all sites before entering to check for the
possibility of gas vapors venting to the atmosphere where the
vehicle is intending to drive
- Ensure the consignor (shipper/owner) has provided appropriately
completed shipping documents and placarding as required by law
- Ensure that tank specification is acceptable for fluid characteristics
defined in shipping documents. The design and construction of the
tank must be capable of handling the sour fluid to be hauled
- Ensure drivers are properly trained and educated to the handling of
flammable and / or sour fluids
- Provide proper safety equipment which is maintained in good
working order (i.e. Personal protective equipment (hardhat,
footwear, eyewear, clothing, H2S monitor, SCBA, etc.), fire
extinguishers, and radio or telephone)
- All trucks should be equipped with a 30 minute Self-contained
Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
- treat sweet fluids being hauled immediately after a sour load as a
sour load with respect to worker safety
Section 4.4 Page 92

2000/02
- list all necessary H2S equipment on a pre-trip check list

- maintain all equipment valves, fittings, hoses and hatch seals in
good working order
- ensure trucks with diesel engines have intake air shut-offs
- maintain a contingency plan including procedures for trucking-
related spills.
4.4.3 Fluid Charactaristics
IRP The properties of any fluids to be loaded, unloaded or transported are

to be evaluated for the following hazards from information in the
shipping documents:
- Toxicity
- Flammability
- Corrosive effects
- Environmental impact of escaped fluids
- Flashability
IRP Well Owners and transporters of fluid must make or have available
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) to workers. Refer to Section 4.0.8
Produced fluids for more information.
Note: Material Safety Data Sheet and Transportation of Dangerous Goods information
may provide valuable information to assess any toxicological or flammability
hazards.
Other sources of produced fluid properties information includes well testing and
reservoir fluid analysis, regulatory production reports or custody transfer (point
of sale) measurements.
Properties that should be considered include: explosive limits, flash point,

boiling point, Reid Vapor Pressure, chemical composition, and toxicity
information.
4.4.4 Loading, Unloading and Transportation Practices
4.4.4.1 Closed Systems
The use of a closed system (pressurized tanks or atmospheric tanks equipped

with suitable vapor gathering – flaring / scrubbing systems) may be necessary
to eliminate any H2S releases to atmosphere (nuisance odorous and public or
personal safety). The duration of operation, proximity to, and notification of area
residents, should be considered. Inspection policies regarding the handling of
sour effluent in Alberta are included in Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Guide
G-37, Service Rig Inspection Manual.
Section 4.4 Page 93

2000/02
Closed systems can also be utilized to enhance the safe handling of high vapor
pressure hydrocarbons on the wellsite.
4.4.4.2 Tank Truck Loading and Unloading - Temporary Production Testing

Operations – Sweet and Sour Fluids
IRP Atmospheric tank trucks should only be used to haul sweet and sour
fluids where the fluid is non-gaseous and there is minimal possibility of
vapour breakout due to agitation or ambient temperature increases. An
H2S scrubber must be used while loading, unloading and transporting
sour fluids where an atmospheric tank truck is used to haul sour fluids.
IRP Where ammonia type scrubbers are used, the ammonia must be kept
fresh and must be able to handle the concentrations and volume of H2S
vapour. Refer to Section 4.0.8 H2S Scrubbers.
IRP Where there is the possibility of vapour breakout and pressure build up
on the tank truck due to agitation or increased ambient temperature,
the sour fluid must be transported in a pressure certified tank truck. The
tank must be constructed using a quality program certified by the
Provincial pressure vessels authority and from materials meeting the
requirements of NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION for the expected
pressure and H2S concentration.
Note: ARP 2.10 Quality Programs for Pressure Containing Equipment includes basic
information regarding quality programs. NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION,
Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment
has a 350 kPa (50 psi) pressure limit below which the requirements do not
apply.
4.4.4.2.1 Using Atmospheric or Pressure Certified Tank Trucks
IRP A well must not be flowed directly to a tank truck.
IRP To haul sour gaseous fluids the tank truck must arrive at the wellsite
with a purge in the tank or be equipped to be purged at the wellsite.
IRP All vents must be closed while transporting the fluid.
IRP Tank trucks may be vented to a flare stack only when:

- The tank has been purged and been tested with an LEL meter to
determine the oxygen content in the tank
- Tthe tank truck is able to maintain the purge in a sealed tank
- There is a positive flow of gas to the flare stack to produce a venturi
on the vent line from the tank truck
- There is a minimum of one (1) flame arrestor in the vent line to the
stack
Section 4.4 Page 94

2000/02
- The system, including the tank truck and the tanks being emptied
will not allow air in through a vacuum apparatus
- The truck driver has H2S training certification
- The truck driver has TDG certification.
IRP The facility where the fluids will be off-loaded should be equipped with
a purge gas make-up system so as to purge the tank while fluid is being
pumped off, allowing the tank truck to have a purge on board when
returning to the wellsite.
IRP When loading and unloading fluids from pressurized flowback or

atmospheric storage tanks, precautions must be taken in the placement
of the truck relative to the tank(s) location on the wellsite.
IRP When loading and unloading fluids from a pressurized flowback or

storage tank that a live well is flowing to, the following precautions
must be taken:
- The tank truck to be loaded or unloaded must be parked 25 meters
from the pressurized flowback or storage tank
- A fluid head must be maintained in the pressurized flowback or
storage tank at all times – gas must not be allowed to escape to the
tank truck being loaded or unloaded
- The pressure of the pressurized flowback or storage tank system
must be reduced to the minimum pressure required to transfer the
fluid to the tank truck
- The pressure capabilities of the piping and hose system to the tank
truck must not be exceeded
- Where a certified pressurized tank truck is used, the pressure
capabilities of the tank on the truck must not be exceeded.
Note: Where possible, shut-off the truck while loading. The pressure on the flowback
or storage tank will transfer the fluid to the tank truck. The use of a pump will
also agitate fluids resulting in additional gas vapor from the fluid.
IRP When loading fluids produced from a sour well where testing
operations are in progress the following procedures must be adhered
to:
1. Where an atmospheric tank truck is used, connect the trucks
atmospheric tank vent line to an adequately sized H2S scrubber.
The scrubber may be truck mounted or a stand alone skid mounted
unit.
2. Where a truck equipped with a pressurized tank is used, ensure the

tank specification including pressure rating is sufficient for the
nature of the fluids being loaded. See “Venting Tanks to Flare
Stacks” below.
Section 4.4 Page 95

2000/02
IRP The tank to be filled or unloaded should be separated (blocked) from

any other tanks being used while the tank truck is loading or unloading.
A gas blanket (positive pressure) must be maintained on closed system
production tanks.
IRP Tank trucks should be a minimum of 7m from the tank to be filled or

unloaded.
IRP Tank trucks should be electrically bonded to the tank to be filled or

unloaded prior to and during fluid transfers. The wheels should be
chocked while transferring the liquids.
IRP Ensure the maximum working pressure (MAWP) of the pressurized truck
tank is not less than the maximum working pressure (MAWP) of the
production facility components being connected to.
4.4.4.2.2 Venting Tank Trucks to Flare Stacks
IRP For the transportation of sour fluids, a fluid haulers tank must have a
purge inside before venting to a flare stack during loading operations.
The truck tank must have a purge on when it arrives at the worksite or a
means to purge the tank on the worksite must be available.
IRP The purge must be verified at the worksite, just prior to loading, with an
LEL meter. The vent line from the tank to the stack must have a manual
valve installed with a minimum of one (1) flame arrestor. A slip stream
of gas injected downstream of the tank, to create a venturi, may be
appropriate.
Note: Consult the operator of the vent system to ensure to ensure proper valving and
flame arrestor(s) are installed in the vent line to the flare stack.
4.4.4.3 Permanent Production Facilities – Sweet or Sour Fluids
IRP A well must not be flowed directly into a tank truck.
IRP When loading sour fluids, tank truck vapors may be directed into a flare
system as long as the trucks tank contains no oxygen, otherwise tank
truck vapors should be scrubbed through an ammonia scrubber and
vented to atmosphere. Eliminating oxygen can be achieved by the
following:
- An adequate positive pressure is maintained on the production
tanks at a closed system multi-well facility where the fluid is to be
unloaded
- Ensure the maximum working pressure (MAWP) of the truck tank is
not less than the maximum working pressure MAWP of the
production facility components being connected to properly
Section 4.4 Page 96

2000/02
sized vent lines should be provided at the multi-well facility where

the fluid is to be unloaded; this will allow the void left in the tank
truck after unloading to be replaced with adequate gas vapors from
the positive pressure production tanks
- Thief hatches on production tanks and trucks must be in good
working condition.
IRP A gas blanket (positive pressure) must be maintained on closed system

production tanks.
IRP Tank trucks must be a minimum of 7 m from the tank to be filled or

unloaded.
IRP A grounding line must be connected to a ground rod and load line of
the tank.
IRP The wheels of the tank truck should be chocked while transferring the
liquids.
4.4.4.4 Transportation – Sour Fluids
IRP Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) legislation must be consulted

for selecting equipment to transport sour fluids.
Note: Refer to the “definitions” in this IRP for information relative to TDG legislation
and tank construction.
IRP Trucks transporting sour fluid must be equipped with a functional H2S
scrubber to adequately control odor emissions or be a sealed tank.
IRP The tank vent must be sealed during storage and during transport when
the truck is empty.
Note: In British Columbia, the Oil and Gas Regulations of the Waste Management
Act, Section 5, s.s (3) states, “after May 31, 1997, (a) during transportation,
tanks mounted on vehicles must be, (i) operated with control devices such that
the concentration of hydrogen sulphide at any vents or outlets is less than 10
parts per million by volume.”
4.4.5 Fluid Hauling Company Worker Qualifications
IRP Workers transporting sour fluids shall have valid H2S, WHMIS and TDG
certificates.
IRP Workers operating fluid hauling trucks must have a valid license for the
province/territory of operation.
IRP Workers must be trained in proper procedures and practices for

operating vehicles while transporting fluids.
Section 4.4 Page 97

2000/02
IRP Workers must be properly trained in loading and unloading procedures

and practices.
IRP Workers must be properly trained in the use of safety equipment used
in the course of the operation, including breathing equipment and
explosive monitoring devices.
4.4.6 Tank Truck Requirements to Transport Hydrocarbon Fluids Containing

Hydrogen Sulphide (H2s)
4.4.6.1 Transporting Fluid With 88 Ppm Hydrogen Sulphide Content or Less:

(Not TDG Sub-Class 6.1 (I))
Well fluid with a hydrogen sulfide saturated vapor concentration (H2S content)
of 0.088 moles / kilomole (88 ppm) or less is designated as SWEET for the
purposes of transportation. Fabricating specifications for equipment used to
haul sweet fluids are not as stringent as those required for fluids containing
H2S.
References/Links
Transport Canada TDG Regs, Part 3 (Classification)
Transport Canada TDG Regs, 7.33.1 (GrandFathering)
CSA B621, Selection & Use for TDG
Note: In British Columbia, the Oil and Gas Regulations of the Waste Management
Act, Section 5, s.s (3) states, “after May 31, 1997, (a) during transportation,
tanks mounted on vehicles must be, (i) operated with control devices such that
the concentration of hydrogen sulphide at any vents or outlets is less than 10
parts per million by volume.”
4.4.6.2 Transporting Fluid With More Than 88 Ppm Hydrogen Sulphide
88 to 440 ppm H2S SVC: TDG, Sub-Class 6.1, PG 111

440 to 4400 ppm H2S SVC: TDG, Sub-Class 6.1, PG 11
4400 ppm or more H2S SVC: TDG, Primary Class 6.1, PG 1
Well fluid with a hydrogen sulfide saturated vapor concentration (H2S SVC) of
more than 0.088 moles / kilomole (88 ppm) is designated as SOUR for the
purposes of transportation. Fabrication specifications and working pressures
become more stringent for well fluids at 440 ppm and again at 4400 ppm H2S.
References/Links
Transport Canada TDG Regs, Schedule II List II
Transport Canada TDG Regs, Part 3
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety (LC50 H2S)
Section 4.4 Page 98

2000/02
Alberta Safety Codes Act

Boilers & Pressure Vessel Exemption Order
ASME Section VIII
ASME B31.3
4.4.6.3 Hydrocarbon Transportation: Class & Packing Group (Boiling Point,

Flash Point & Vapor Pressure)
TDG Class 3, Flammable Liquids, Packing Group I: Hydrocarbon mixtures with

an initial boiling point of 37.8o C (100o F) or less at an absolute pressure of
101.325 kPa (14.7 psi) are a Class 3, Packing Group I, flammable liquid for the
purposes of transportation.
TDG Class 2, Gasses Hydrocarbon mixtures with a Reid Vapor Pressure of

275 kPa (40 psi) or greater at 37.8o C (100o F) are gasses for the purposes of
transportation.
Note: Reid Vapor Pressure is determined in a laboratory test. API gravity can be
readily measured in the field. C1-C7 content can also be indicative of
flammability. Flammability increases with increasing C1-C7 content. Fluid
analyses, if available, should be reviewed. Fluid and ambient temperatures
should also be considered.
References/Links
Transport Canada TDG Regs, Part 3
Transport Canada TDG Regs, Schedule VI, Part I (Class 3, Flammable
Liquids, Packing Group Test Methods)
Transport Canada TDG Regs, Schedule VI, Part III (Class 2, Gases, Reid
Vapor Pressure, Test Methods)
Alberta Safety Codes Act
Boilers & Pressure Vessel Exemption Order
ASME Section VIII
ASME B31.3
Section 4.4 Page 99

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4.5 KEY WORDS AND PHRASES INDEX
4.5.1 Scope
This section of IRP Volume 4, Well Testing and Fluid Handling, provides an
alphabetical index to assist the user to find common words and phases used
in this IRP.
4.5.2 Key Words And Phrases Index
Key Word or Phrases Page Number(s)

A
adequate lighthing 7, 49, 86, 88
air entrainment 41, 43, 68, 71, 89
air supply system 14
API 6A 21-31, 55-57, 60
B
back packs 14, 53, 81
bleed-off 7, 14, 89
breathing equipment 14, 19, 98
C
calibration 23, 70
Canadian Petroleum Safety Council 2,4
CAODC 2, 85
CAPP 2
Caution(s) 7, 10, 16, 19, 22, 34, 42, 48, 51, 52,
69, 86 95
certified pressurized flowback tank 8, 39, 40
checklist 48 ,53-54, 66, 80-81, 83, 90
choke 13,24, 41, 48, 50, 62, 64, 66-68, 71,
81-82
circulating 6, 36, 39, 48, 70, 71, 81, 85, 86, 87,
89, 90
closed system 8, 35, 39, 85, 93-94, 96-97
coiled tubing unit operations 8, 41, 88
confined space 8, 35
contingency plan 16, 93
corrosion 7, 19, 26-27, 52, 59, 64
critical sour 13, 19, 36, 39, 53, 57, 67, 80, 90-91
Section 4.5 Page 100

2000/02

D
DACC 2, 4, 6, 55, 85, 92
darkness 49, 66, 88
daylight 48, 49, 66-67, 88
definitions 2, 7, 59, 61, 88, 97
drill stem test 2-5, 8, 10, 13, 17, 42, 46-53
Drilling and Completions Committee 2, 4, 6, 55, 92
drilling company 8,53,54
E
egress packs 14
elastomers 37, 62
emergency shutdown valve 57, 59
employer 1, 8, 9, 11, 13, 46, 72
enclosed environment 9, 15
environmental protection 14
equipment capacities 58, 68
erosion 27, 64, 86
ESD 9, 34, 57, 59, 62, 66, 68, 81
explosive 11, 16, 17, 20-23, 38, 41-42, 44,
51, 85-87, 93, 98
F
first aid certificate 16, 71, 91
flammable limits 20
flare pits 36
flashback 41
flowing 10, 13, 20, 24, 34, 36, 39, 70, 85,
87, 90, 95
flowback 2-4, 8-10, 20, 23, 35, 36, 38, 39,
40, 48, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95
fluid 2-4, 6, 8-13, 15-1 8, 23, 25, 32,
35-39, 41, 42, 46-49, 51-52, 54,
55, 59-60, 65- 66, 69-71, 85-90,
92-99
forward 2
G
gas 1, 3-6, 8-11, 13-15, 17-24, 25, 33,
35-44, 48, 49, 51-53, 59, 61, 62,
64, 66, 67, 69-71, 80-82, 85-90,
92, 94- 99
gas detection meter 15, 20, 87, 89
gas detection monitoring 20
gas flares 35, 36
gas sensors 21, 22

2000/02

H
H2S 7-10, 12, 14, 16-19, 22, 24, 33-
34, 36, 39, 43, 46-47, 51-52, 38-
44, 48-49, 51-53, 59, 61-62, 64,
66-67, 69-71, 80-82, 85-90, 92,
94-99
H2S concentration 8, 14, 22, 33, 36, 51, 59, 68, 70,
94
H2S environments 19, 22
H2S scrubber 8, 39, 94-95, 97
hauling companies 15
hazard assessment 35, 67, 85, 88
hazards 7, 15-19, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 68,
85, 87, 93
high vapor pressure hydrocarbons 9, 94
hydrates 24, 25
hydrometers 39
ignition source 23, 35, 87, 90
ignition temperature 21, 22
inline test 9, 70
inspections 17, 18
introduction 24, 25, 89
L
LEL (lower explosive limits) 20, 21, 22, 86
loading 2, 3, 16, 87, 92-98
local authority 36, 44, 48, 64, 65
M
master valves 56, 57
metallurgy 19
monitoring 10, 16, 20-21, 23, 85-86, 89, 98
MSDS sheets 93
mud can 48
N
NACE 7, 19, 39- 40, 51, 56, 59-62, 94,
66-67
night time 66, 67
non-certified pressurized storage 10, 39, 40
non-essential workers 25, 44, 49, 67, 89
NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive 37
Material

2000/02

O
occupational exposure limit (OEL) 10, 15
oil 3-5, 7-8, 10-11, 13, 20, 37, 41,
52, 54, 65, 81, 85, 88, 90-91, 93,
99
open system 10, 88, 90
open tank system 15, 20, 36, 37-38, 44, 85-87, 89,
90
other flowbacks 3, 8, 10, 20, 36, 48, 85
owner 8, 10-12, 14-16, 24, 35,3 9-40,
49-50, 66, 68,72,85,88,92
owner representative 35
oxygen 21, 22 34 44 94 96
P
physically capable 17 18
pipe tally 50
PITS (Petroleum Industry Training Service) 6, 47 71
positive pressure 33, 96-97
PPE 11, 87
pre-job equipment checklist (see checklist)
pre-job safety meeting 24, 32, 34
pressure piping 69, 60, 66
pressure rating 50, 56, 59-63, 69, 72, 95
pressure test 3, 25, 48, 50, 54, 57, 66-67
pressure vessels 58-59, 64, 91, 94
pressurized tank truck 95
procedures 2-4, 12, 16, 22, 32, 34, 37, 42,
44, 46-47, 50-51, 55, 60, 66, 68,
71, 72, 85, 89, 92-93, 95, 97-98
produced fluids 37-38, 69-70
program of operations 16
propane tanks 65
PSAC 2, 4, 71, 90
pumping 10, 23, 36, 39, 85-87, 89, 90
purge 25, 34-35, 41-45, 69, 89, 94-96
Q
qualifications 3, 11, 16, 46-47, 69, 71-72
qualified well testing person 69
qualified workers 15, 90

2000/02

R
References 2-4, 18, 21, 24, 46, 62, 64
regulatory requirements 3, 14, 32, 36
Reid vapor pressure 9, 37
responsibilities 17, 18, 34, 47, 49,72
rig floor 49, 50
rig pump 23, 87, 90
S
SABA – SCBA 12, 14-15, 18, 33, 92
safety service company 12, 17, 52
safety stairs 34
safety standby method 12, 33, 68
safety zone 20, 86, 87, 89
scope 2
seamless pipe 25, 61
self-contained breathing apparatus 14, 33
service company 11
service contractor 14, 15, 41
shut in 9, 12, 68-69, 71, 87
signage 15, 36, 87, 90
site representative 15, 20, 67, 89
SITHP 12, 56-57, 67
sour 1, 3-4, 12, 16-18, 21-23, 35-36,
38-38, 41, 44, 48-49, 51-52, 57-
60, 65, 68-70, 85-87, 90-97
sour fluids 38-39, 52, 92, 94, 96-97
sour gas 18, 36, 39, 51-52, 85, 94
sour service 17-18, 51-52
spacing 40, 64
spills 16, 93
standards 2, 4, 32-34, 46, 55, 60, 62-63, 71
start-up 25, 45, 54, 66-67, 80, 86
stimulation 4, 8, 10, 66, 85
supervisor 15, 68, 70, 89

2000/02

supplied air breathing apparatus 14, 33
swabbing 10, 13, 39, 41, 45, 50, 70, 85, 88-
89, 91
sweet 42, 60, 69, 70, 85, 93-94, 98
swivel joint 50, 60
T
tank truck 48, 81, 94-97
tanks 3, 35,38-45, 59, 61, 65, 67-68,
70-71, 81, 86-87, 89, 90, 93, 95-
98
TDG 15, 32, 47, 71, 95, 97-99
test line 49
test plug 48
testing 2-4, 10-11, 14-15, 18-19, 22, 24-
25, 27, 34, 39, 41-42, 46-52, 54-
55, 57, 60, 64, 66-72, 90, 92-93,
95
trained 4, 17, 20, 39, 48, 51, 72, 86, 92,
97-98
transportation of fluids 92
U
UEL (upper explosive limits) 21
unloading 3, 16, 87, 92, 94-98
V
vapor density 21
vented to atmosphere 8, 10, 15, 20, 35-36, 38, 4, 87,
89, 90, 96
venting gas 36
venting tank trucks 96
W
waste manifest 15
water 12, 23-24, 33, 35, 37, 52, 54, 64,
67
well designation 18
well killing operations 10, 87, 89, 91
well testing 2-4, 10-11, 14,18-29, 24, 27, 34,
52, 55, 57, 60, 64, 68-71, 90, 93
well testing workers 18, 69-71, 90
wellhead control 55, 87
wellheads 56, 57
wellsite owner 14, 50
wing valve 44, 56-58, 68, 86
worker safety 18-19, 93
workwear 32,86
X

2000/02

Z

Appendix G: Working Alone
19/06/01 38
Appendix H: Safety Meeting Forms
19/06/01 39
Testing Division
Pre-Job Safety Meeting - Checklist
Drilling Co. Date:
Location:
Operating Company:
Delta-P Rep: Operating Co. Rep:
(x) Check applicable items discussed
1. General Instructions
Delta-P Safety Policy Ropes, Chains & Cables

In Case of Injury Power Driven Equipment
Safety Footwear Use of Portable or Mobile in Restricted Areas
Emergency Plan Respiratory Protective Equipment
Protective Clothing Employee Responsibilities
Hoses & Cables Reporting Accident/Incident
High Pressure/ Fittings RX Hazard Glasses
Rotating Table / Packer Inflation Hearing Protection
Smoking, Matches & Lighters Hand Protection
Close Test Head Procedures Eye and Face Protection
Open/Close Tool Speed Limit
Mud Drop/Observation Horseplay
Explosion Proof Flashlights Leg Guards
Visitors Vehicle Usage
Fire and Other Emergencies Alcohol and Drugs
Compressed Air Hazard Welding and Cutting
Loose Clothing Grinding Tools
Unsafe Conditions Parking Areas
Electrical Clearances Improper Conduct
Ladders Emergency Transportation
Static Electricity Steam Hazards
Fire Prevention & Protection Contact Lenses Hazard
Sandblasting Handling and Lifting Materials
Painting Safety Belts and Life Lines
Handling Pipes & Tool Handling
Page 1 of 1
2. Hazardous Product (Material Safety Data Sheet Manual)
Hydrogen Sulphide Gasoline

Methyl Alcohol Caustic
Propane or Butane Glycols
Oils Condensate
Oilfield Chemicals Nitrogen
Acids Others
Solvents
3. Fire and Safety Equipment Training Required
First Aid Air Hood & Compressor

Portable or Wheeled Fire Extinguisher TDG
Portable Combustible Gas Detection O2 Indicator
Mechanical Ventilator WHMIS
Cartridge and Dust Respirators Confined Space
Hose Line Mask Portable Toxic Gas Detection
H2S Alive Others
4. Safety Equipment Received/Required
Health & Safety Rules Booklet for

Contractors/Consultants Hearing Protection
Protective Clothing (Neoprene) Eye Protection
Explosion Proof Flashlight Work Gloves
Neoprene Safety Boots Leg Protection
Roll Bars on Appropriate Mobile Equipment Fire Retardant Clothing
Hard Hat and Liner
Page 2 of 2

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Delta-P Test Corp.

The contents of this handbook were not

This book is designed to keep you and

1.0 Corporate Safety Policy....................................................................... 3

1.0 Corporate Safety Policy

3. Management is responsible and accountable for providing a safe working

4. Management is responsible for establishing safety rules and procedures, as well

6. Company rules and procedures meet applicable laws, regulations, industry

7. It is the responsibility of employees, contractors, and sub-contractors to work in a

8. It is the responsibility of management, employees, contractors, and sub-

President and CEO Date

2.0 Petroleum Industry Guiding Principles for Worker

Chairman of the Board Chairman of the Board

Chairman of the Board Chairman of the Board

Chairman of the Board Chairman of the Board

Chief Executive Officer Chief Operating Officer

Company Name Company Name

If the job can’t be done safely, it shouldn’t be done at all.

T.B. Bratrud, P.Eng.

4.0 Safety Responsibilities

It is the responsibility of every employee, contractor, or sub-contractor or operating

4.1 Operating Company’s Responsibilities

The operating Company’s Responsibilities are:

• Insist on safe performance throughout operations by ensuring contractors and

• Have an effective safety program.

• Ensure contractors and employees know the operating company’s expectations.

4.2 Management’s Responsibilities

Management’s responsibilities are:

• Encourage employee involvement in safety by demonstrating management’s

• Ensuring company, contractor, and testing operations comply with government

• Ensuring that training needs are identified and met.

• Ensure that testers, contractors, and sub-contractors know what is expected of

• Ensure that testers, contractors, and sub-contractors understand the proper

• Conduct investigations, using outside specialists if required, of all accidents and

• Establish equipment inspection and maintenance procedures and schedules.

4.3 Tester’s Responsibilities

A tester’s responsibilities are:

• Properly use Personal Protective Equipment.

• Abide by all government regulations, company policies (Delta-P and Client),

• Be thoroughly familiar with the company safety program.

• Immediately report all accidents and incidents management.

• Participate in the development and improvement of the safety program.

• Participate in on-site safety meetings and orientations held by Operating

• Immediately correct unsafe conditions in test units.

• Properly maintain testing vehicles and test equipment to minimize operating

5.0 Hazard Identification

5.2 Types of Inspections

5.2.1 Vehicle Inspections

Three different inspection checklists have been included in Appendix A:

• Quick Visual Reviews

• Detailed Visual Review

• Documented Vehicle Inspection

If a condition is identified as a potential hazard during an inspection, it must be repaired

5.2.2 Site Inspections

5.3 Hazard Control

• Identify and determine what needs to be done to control/remove the hazard.

• Identify and determine what needs to be done to remove the hazard.

• Establish a time to perform the hazard control.

5.4 Hazard Reporting

After an inspection is complete, sometimes it is necessary to report the hazard to

5.5 Implementation of Hazard Identification and Control

Inspection: Vehicle Detailed Visual Review.

Hazard: Low oil level.