CHM 431 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

TUTORIAL 1 : THERMOCHEMISTRY

1. What is the standard enthalpy of formation (∆Hfo) ?

When 0.56 mole of Na(s) react with excess F2(g) to form NaF(s), 13.8 kJ of heat are
released at standard condition. Determine the standard enthalpy of formation (∆Hfo) of
NaF(s). ( Ans : 24.64 kJ/mol)

2. Pentaborane, B5H9(s) burns vigorously in oxygen gas to give B2O3(g) and H2O(l). Write
and balance the combustion equation. Calculate the (∆Ho ) for the combustion of 1 mole
of B5H9, given the following enthalpies of formation. (Ans : -4539.45 kJ/mol)
∆Hfo [B2O3(s)] = -1273.5 kJ/mol
∆Hfo [B5H9(s)] = 73.2 kJ/mol
∆Hfo [H2O(l)] = -285kJ/mol

3. 10.1 g CaO is dropped into a Styrofoam coffee cup containing 157 g H2O at 18.0oC. If
the following reaction occurs, what is the final temperature of the water, assuming that
the cup is a perfect insulator? (Ans : 35.8 C)
CaO(s) + H2O(l) →Ca(OH)2(s) ∆H=64.8 kJ/mol

4. A 455 g piece of copper tubing is heated to 89.5oC and placed in an insulated vessel
containing 159 g of water at 22.8oC. Assuming no loss of water and a heat capacity for
the vessel of 10.0 J/K, what is the final temperature of the system (c of copper = 0.387
J/gK). (Ans : 36.6 C)

5. A 30.5 g sample of an alloy at 93oC is placed into 50.0 g of water at 22.0oC in an

insulated coffee cup with a heat capacity of 9.2 J/K. If the final temperature of the system
is 31.1oC, what is the specific heat capacity of the alloy. (Ans : 1.025 J/g.K)

6. 0.3423 g of pentane, C5H12, was burned in a bomb calorimeter. The temperature of the
calorimeter and the 1000 g of water rose from 20.22oC to 22.82oC. The heat capacity of
the calorimeter is 2.21 kJ/oC. (Ans : a) 5749.72 J; b) -1211.86 kJ/mol)
a) How much heat was given off during combustion of the sample of pentane?
b) What is the heat of combustion per mole of pentane?

7. Consider the following balanced thermochemical equation for a reaction used for H2S
production: 1/8 S8(s) + H2(g) → H2S(g) ∆H= -20.2 kJ
a) Is this an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
b) What is ∆Hrxn fro the reverse reaction?
c) What is ∆H when 2.6 mole of S8 reacts? (Ans : -420.16 kJ)
d) What is ∆H when 25.0 g S8 reacts? (Ans : -15.74 kJ)
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CHM 431 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

8. Calculate ∆Hrxn for

Ca(s) + 1/2 O2(g) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s)
Given the following set of reactions:
Ca(s) + 1/2O2(g) →CaO(s) ∆H=-635.1 kJ
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) ∆H=178.3 kJ
(Ans : -813.4 kJ)

9. Calculate ∆Hrxn for

2NOCl (g) → N2(g) + O2(g) + Cl2 (g)
Given the following set of reactions:
1/2N2(g) +1/2O2 (g) →NO(g) ∆H= 90.3 kJ
NO(g) +1/2Cl2(g) → NOCl(g) ∆H= -38.6 kJ
(Ans : -103.4 kJ)

10. Diamonda and grafit are two crystalline forms of carbon. At 1 atm and 25oC, diamond
changes to graphite so slowly that the enthalpy change of the process must be obtained
indirectly. Determine the ∆Hrxn for
C(diamond) → C (graphite)

With the equations from the following lists

C(diamond) + O2(g) → CO2 (g) ∆H= -395.4 kJ
2CO2(g) → 2CO(g) + O2 (g) ∆H= 566 kJ
C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ∆H= -393.5 kJ
2CO(g) → C(graphite) + CO2(g) ∆H= -172.5 kJ
(Ans : -1.9 kJ)

11. Coal gasification is a multistep process to convert coal into cleaner-burning fuels. In one
step, a coal sample reacts with superhated steam:

C(coal) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g) ∆Hrxn= -172.5 kJ

a) Combine this reaction with the following two to write an overall reaction for the
production of methane:
CO(g) + H2O(g) → CO2(g) + H2(g) ∆Hrxn= -41 kJ
CO(g) + 3H2(g) → CH4(g) + H2O(g) ∆Hrxn= -206 kJ
b) Calculate ∆Hrxn for this overall change. (Ans : -378.5 kJ)

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12. When 25.0 mL of 0.500 M H2SO4 is added to 25.0 mL of 1.00 M KOH in a coffee cup
calorimeter at 23.50oC, the temperature rises to 30.1oC. Calculate ∆H of this reaction.
(Assume that the total volume is the sum of the individual volumes and that the density
and specific heat capacity of the solution are the same as for pure water).
(Ans : - 110.35 kJ)

13. Carbon monoxide is often used in metallurgy to remove oxygen from metal oxides and
thereby give the free metal. The thermochemical equation for the reaction of CO with
iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, is

Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) →2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) ΔHo=-26.7kJ

Calcualte the value of ΔHo for the following reaction: 2Fe(s) +3/2O2(g) →Fe2O3(s)

Given: CO(g) + 1/2O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔHo=-283.0kJ

(Ans : 875.7 kJ)

14. A 1.00 g sample of octane is burned in a constant volume calorimeter. The calorimeter
contains 1.2 kg of water. The temperature of the water and the bomb rises from 25oC to
33.2oC. The heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter is 837J/K.
a) What is the heat of combustion per gram of octane ? (Ans : -48.1 kJ/g)
b) What is the heat of combustion per mole of octane ? (Ans: -5.49x103 kJ/mol)

15. When a piece of 0.5 g Mg was placed in a coffee-cup calorimeter containing a 100 ml of
1.00 M HCl, the temperature of the solution increase from 22.2oC to 44.8oC. What is the
enthalpy change for the reaction per mole of Mg? (Assume the specific heat capacity of
the HCl solution is 4.18 J/g.K and density of solution is 1.00 g/ml)
( Ans : ΔH=- 460.5kJ/mol)

16. Nitrogliserin is a powerful explosive that form 4 different gases when detonated, by the
following equation.
2C3H5(NO3)3(l) →3N2(g) + 1/2O2(g)+6CO2(g) +5H2O(g)

Calculate the enthalpy change when 10.0 g of nitrogliserin is detonated. The enthalpy of
formation, ΔHf, of nitrogliserin and H2O is -364 kJ/mol and -283.83 kj/mol respectively.
((Ans : -67.2 kJ)