Question Answer

a light tight container box. w shutter, lens and

box camera
arangemnt 4 hldng d flm

atach 2 d shuter 2 prevent accidental mvmnt cable release

a dvice usd 2 hld frmly d cmera 2 prvnt acdntal mvmnt cmera grip

also rfred 2 as lteral spherical abberation coma

photographic positve mde by exposing d pho2 pper wyl

contact print
it s held tightly agaist d nega

a wod o metal box inclding a lyt & switch by wc

contact printer
exposure tym s controlled

tonal difference between the lightest and drkest

contrast
segment or portion of a print

used to change d relative brytnes value so dat colors

wc would otherwise be recorded as nearly d same wil contrast filter
hav dfferent brytness

used 2 chnge d response of d film so dat ol colors r

recorded at approximately d relative drytness values as correction filter
seen by d human eye

d remoteness o dstnce measured frm d nearest 2 d

farthest object in apparent sharp focus wen d lens set depth of field
of focus s at prtcular dstance

dstance toward and away frm d film dat d lens cn be

depth of focus
moved and d object still appears n d interior

refers 2 solutions such as amidol, hydroquinon and

developing agents
metol.

a chem concoction wc causes d image to develop as

developing soln
reversed image of d original scene.

a lens defect which outer parts of d image produced by

distirtions
lns wil be magnfied either more o les dn d cnter image

a 4rm o ntural light n wc objcts n open space casts no

dull light
shadows

product of illumination and tym exposure

an ins wc actually measures d intensity of light falling

exposure mter
on d subject

process of removing unexpsed Aghalide. fixiation

also known as hypo. to harden d gelatin. and dissolve

fixing bath
out ol unxpsed Aghalide

dstnced measured frm d optcal cnter of d lens 2 d film

focal length of d lens
plane wen d lens set of focus is at infinity

located near d focal plane or d sensitized material.

focal plane shutter
usually med o cloth curtain. frm 1syd 2 oposite

knwn as scalebed. preset dstnce in feet & mtr focusing scale

a section of glass so shaped dat 8 causes ol light rays

glass lens
coming frm any point 2 b bent inwards

rfers 2 Aghalide wc r lyt sensitive grainsize

K alum. solidifies gelatin hardening agent

used 2 remove or reduce d effect of smog o mist haze filter

objcts n open space cast a transparent shadow hazy lyt

d nearest distance at wc lens s focused w a givn

partcular diaphragm opening wc wl gv max depth of hyperfocal distance
field

greater that 700millimicrons in length infrared

contrivance built n lens mouth wc can b opened or

iris diaphragm
closed 2 control d passage of light thru d lens

controls d amount o lyt dat passes thru d lens lens diagphragm

plane blade on d end of a hndle dat covers d entire levertype shutter

lens quite tytly.xcldng all lyt

used in dtrmining d intensity o lyt dat strikes d subjct

lyt meter
& affect d film. cn be xtinction mtr or photoelectric mtr

also known as speed of film lyt sensitivity

facsimile of pho2graphs n wc d image of an object s

micro photography
reproduces much smaller dan 8 actually is

an exposed film, being a reversed of d original object negative

concave lens. thinner in d middle nega lens

focal length of approcimately equal or more but not

normal lens
mor dn 2ce d diagonal o 8s nega material

used 4 reducing o decreasing d amount o lyt

neutral density filter
transmitted wo changing d color value

flm dat s sensitive 2 UV, blue, green but not red orthochromatic

prodeced by passing a lyt on d negative to a pho2

photographic positive
paper

showing objects blown up or enlarged up 2 50

photomacrographs
diameters

a photogrph made thru a compound microscope photomicrographs

usually Nasulfite dat will prevent 4mation of staining preservative

s made in an enlarger w different speed and w d use of

projection print
a more lyt sensitive paper

optical mechanism utilizd 4 measuring d angle of

convergence of lyt coming from 2 subjects as seen range finder
from 2 apertures

combination of 2 achromatic lens rapid rectilinear lens

lyt gathering power of d lens xprssd n F number

relative aperture
system

nega having rough surface reticulation

controls d duration of lyt passing thru d film shutter speed

used 2 block d path of lyt passing thru d lens. shutter

a typr of cam will eliminate parralax error single lens reflex type

rfrs 2 Nathiosulfite popularly known as hypo solution solvent silver halide

rays passing thru d edges of a lens r bent & refracted

more sharply dan those passing thru d central part of d spherical aberration
lens

2.25 by 1.25 inches or

size of standard photograph
large

focal length of more dan twice d diagonal of d negative telephoto lens

a gas lamp burning carbon disulphide vapor n O or n

UV lamp
nitric oxide

radiating 30 to 400 millimicrons UV rays

means determining d field view of a camera or extent

view finders
or d extent of d coverage of d lens

biggest and most sophisticated among cameras view or press camera

known as variable focus lens. can be adjusted. zoom lens

possible in wide angle lenses n wc there r 3 sets. close

zone
3 to 6 ft. medium 6 to 15 ft, infinity 15 beyond

radiating 0.01 to 0.30 millimicrons. xrays

radiating from 400 to 700 millimicrons. visible lyt

finger joints cannot be bent ankylosis

below d base of d big toe ball zone

refers to single ending ridge in d center of a recurving

bar or rod
ridge of a loop
insertion on a FP card d results o d interpretation of ol
blocking out
10 patterns. represented by symbols or numbers

area at d heel. calcar zone

area at d wrist. carpal dental zone

it s d acceptance of ol d possible variations of

combination
classification, wc a set of FP may bring into being

combination of tarch, whorl and loop in one pattern composites

sound and lawful approach in d manner of crime scene

crime scene procedures
search

manifested when d exit of a loop formation s toward d

distal
fingertips

occurs wen a staple encircles 1 or more rods envelop

enterring on a FP record card of ol known

indespensable data about a subject, except d FP filling out
themselves

abnormal types of ridges. between furrows incipient ridges

3 or more passes inside the tracing from left 2 right

Inner whorl
delta

ridge count of the first loo key

visible in a central pocket loop determined by drawing

an imaginary line frm inner delta and center of d line of flow
innermost recurving ridge.

means identification has been made make

refers to d endings and the branchings of d finger lines.

minutiae
ridge characteristics

basis of palm print identfction by means of d parts of d

palm pattern zones
human palms containing friction ridge characteristics

arranging so that ol numerator fingers or values r

pairing off
above d line.

process of designation of names of fingerprint patterns pattern interpretation

requires no ink supply porelon pad

not occupied by ball pattern plantar zone

a ridge that bends bck frm d dirction frm wc 8 started recurving ridge

a 2nd choice classfction reference classification

minute details in d ridges of a FP. minutiae or galton

ridge characteristics
details

petite pointed instrument used for counting ridges ridge counter

shoulder of a looping or
a point wer d ridge begins & stops 8s recurve
recurving ridge

consist of d space between d shoulders of a loop, free

from apendages wc lie along side upon 8 at ryt angle sufficient recurve
on d outside of recurve

ending ridge of any distance end to end rising at

uptrust
sufficient degree

infction in d brain brought br microorganisms abcess in d brain

sudden acue infction n d liver acute hepatitis

one variant forms of a gene at particular lucos, or

allele
lacation on a chromosome.

decrease n size of normally developed organ or tissue anthrophy

2 bases dat forms a rung on a dna ladder. adenine

always pair w thymine and guanine always pair w base pair
cytosine

death characterized by absence of cognitive functions

biologic death
and awareness.

known as instantaneous rigor cadaveric spasm

characterized by d greater combining capacity of d
calsson's disease
blood as well as accumulation of d gases

caused by sudden jarring or stunning of d brain wc

cerebral concussion
follows head injury

produces intestinal evacuation cathartics

tym for cessation of heart action to declare death? 10 to 15 mins

blocking of blood vessels n d brain by foreign bodies. cerebral embolism

one of d threadlike packages of genes and other DNA

chromosomes
in d nucleus of a cell

gradual deprivation of food chronic starvation

process of solidification of blood after death coagulation in d blood

refers to software. database of DNA codis

profound stupor in sickness or after severe injury coma

there is loss in alignment as well as break n d bone compound fracture

abnormal accumulation of blood on certain parts of d

congestion
body

known as goose flesh, 8 refers to a condition of d skin

usually in extremities manifested by pale and cutis anserina
contracted skin.

laceration and rupture of d hymen defloration

a chemical inside d nucleus of d cell that carries

DNA
genetic instructions 4 making living organisms

blood clothed inside d vessels or has diffused 2

diffusion lividity
different parts of d body

displacement of d articular surface of d bone dislocation

a nervous disease marked by seizure w convulsion and

epilepsy
loss of consciousness

an injury wc involved greater area beyond d syt of frce extensive injury

gipatsupa fellatio

mechanical disruption of a cell structure due to cold

frostbite
temp

d functional and physical unit of heredity passed frm

prent 2 offspring. pieces of DNA. contains infos on how genes
to make proteins.

all the DNA contained in an organism genome

a cell wc includes both d chromosomes witnin d

genome
nucleus & DNA in mitochondria

abrasion due to rough & hard objects grazes

large extravasation of blood in anewly formed cavity

hematoma
2ndary to trauma w swelling

psychoneurosis w symptoms based on conversion &

hysteria
characterized by lack of control over acts

to flood or swamp inundation

extensive and abnormal production of mature and

leukemia
immature wyt blood cells

degeneration of wyt blood cells but proliferation of

liver cirrhosis
internal tissues w fibrosis due to malnutrition

a point in a genome, identified by a marker, it does not

locus
necessarily correspond to a gene

also genetic marker. whose inheritance cn be followed. marker

repetitive stretches of short sequences of DNA used as

microsatellite
genetic markers to track inheritance in families.

a permanent structural alteration in DNA. mutation

sexual desire by watching self on mirror narcicism

death of cells as a result of disease or injury necrosis

female's eecessive desire 4 sexual intercourse nymphomania

maau mu excite sa female partialism

rupture of d stomach. perforated peptic

perforated tubal
rupture of fallopian tube in female
pregnancy

lahos sa bukog perforating wound

minute extravasation of blood in d tissue petechiae

death wen ol d vital organs have ceased to function psysiologic death

group sex plurarism

onset og postmortem lividity is? 20 - 30 mins

test to determine f a blad s humn or animal origin pricipitin test

r larger of 2 types of bases found in DNA purine bases

9 atoms dat make up d fused rings r, 5 carbon, 4 nitrogen,

also known as adipocere formation, formation of a soft,

friable, and brownish wyt greasy substance n d soft saponification
fatty tissues.

male's excessive desire for sex satyriasis

unnusual sexual behavior by certain indv dat s done n

sexual deviation
public or done n bizarre manner.

genetic marker consisting of multiple copies of an

short tandem repeats
identical DNA sequence.

tearing of tendons. sprain

refrs 2 muscular change upon death characterixed by

stage of primary flaccidity
relaxation of muscles and loss of their natural tone

softening of d musles wc no longer respong to

stage of 2ndary flaccidity
mechanical stimulation

apparent death or state of

temporary and transient cessation of vital functions
suspended animation

profound or abnormal sleep trance

a sexual act involving 3 prsons prforming sexual

troilism
ntercourse at d same tym

accumulation of substance d blood ordinarily

uremia
eliminated n d urine

irregular twitching of d walls of d ventricle venticular fibrillation

wang wang pero wlay anak virgo intacta

pioneer who develop n 1895 a type of

sphygmanometer & utilized a scientific cradle & focus angelo mosso
on d significance.

attached to d right arm during polyg exam blood presre cuff

conducted immediately after completion of a test wyl

card test
blood pressure cuff still deflated

n 1885 used hydrosphygmograph procedure. first 2

cesare lombroso
use an instrument 4 d purpose of detecting deception

answerable by NO to produce a response from innocent

control q
subject

intended 2 stimulate & focus his attention on d

evidence connecting q
probability of incriminating proff

consist of series of irrelevant q asked n a planned

GQT
manner

a q w a purely fictitious incident.wen d subject s overly

guilt complex test
responsive

determined respiratory changes were sign of

harolf burtt
deception. 1918
intended to probe whether d subject possesses infos
knowledge q test
regarding d identity of d offender

invented d kymograph. leonard keeler

a tracing in chart wherein d subj answere irrelevant q normal response

also narcosynthesis.truthserum narco analysis

answerable by NO. done when their s no widespread

peak of tension test
publicity about crime

pre test interview should last 20 to 30 minutes

activity aroused in an organism by a stimulus.8 s an

action or mental attitude induced by an external reaction
influence

reveals subject's norm and stimulus excitement level.

sacrifice q
clues for d attitude of d subject.

weak relevant q. sacrifice relevant, knowledge and ev

2ndary question
connect q

studied d influence of sweat glands to skin resistance

sticker
in 1987.

formulated d term psycho galvanic skin reflex veraguth

noted that changes in inhalation & exhalation ratio.

vittorio bennussi
recorded respiratory curves of d pneumograph

created systolic blood pressure test william m. marston

indirect grouping of bloodstains.depends on d absurption-elusion

detecytion of agglutinogen technique

these are chars chem structures found on d surface of

red blood cells wc stimulates production of agglutinis or agglutinogen or antigen
antibodies

formed from soil partcles that were washed etc by

alluvial soil
gravity to d lowlands

a nitrogenous organic basic compound w bitter taste

alkaloid
containing O dat occur especially n seed plants.

made of coal tar product called nigrosine dissolved n

aniline ink
water

knwn as physiological antidote wc refer 2 an agent that

acts upon d system so as 2 counter act d effects of antagonist
poison

proteins or principles contained in serum wc cause

antibody or agglutinin
agglutination

cylindrical, lustrous, appearing like a glass rod artificial silk

agents dat prdce exahaustion,marked loss of vital or

asthenics or exhaustives
muscular power

obtained from plant group solonaceae or deadly

athropine
nightshade

agglutination by indvidual cells by their own serum auto agglutination

fairly long wth unevenly distributed pigment auxillary hair

can detect semen as old as 6 years barberio's test

sleeping pill, induces sleep a derivative of malonyl urea barbiturates

also known as benzol, it acts as solvent for rubber,

benzene
gums, fats and resins

reliable and easy way to test blood even decomposed

benzidine test
and contaminated

known as thrombocytes plateletes

a test to determine a fiber f mineral, animal or

burning or ignition test
vegetable

test 2 know wheteher a paper s easily torn bursting strength test

an aphrodisiac. provocative of sexual desire cantharide

obtained from coal tar carbolic acid or phenol

solvent for sulfur, burns w bluish flame. carbon disulfide

produced by incom combustion f carbon carbon monoxide

coins made in casting method cast coin

material dat cn b changed from liquid to solid casting material

brown colored material used for strengthening and

celerit
backing d homonit

used as knock out drop chloral hydrate

colorless, liquid w sweet taste and soffucating odor an

chloroform
anesthesia

product of decomposition o prmry mnerals found n

clay mineral
nearly ol soil & s major element o hevy soil

frm decomposition of igneous,methamorphic and

colluvial soil
sedimentary rocks. moved by gravity

d effect of poison s not only localized on d site but also

combined
affects remote organs

a fiber dt burns rapidly, d fumes turn blue litmus red.8

s unicellular filament,flat,ribbonlike & tapers gradualy 2 cotton
a blunt o rounded point.

a test dat causes crystals 2 precipitate pricipitin test

smooth cylindrical,lustrous threads,usually single but

double,twin filament held together by an envelope of cultivated silk
gum

also known as plastic explosive wyt dough like.lokslike

c4
ordnry moldng o putty clay

soothes & protects d part 2 wc they r applied n

demulcents
mechanical antidotes

density gradient
used to determine soil samples
apparatus

bst method n comparative soil analysis density gradient test

determines s presence & distribution of nitrates DPA test

quantity of poison admnistred at one time dose

earliest substance used 4 writing egyptian papyrus

causes vomitting emetics

fungus poison developed on rye plants & other cereal

ergot
grains

highly volatile & inflammable liquid used as general

ether
anesthesia

rapid combustion,decomposition of gases.w loud noise explosion

ink may b determined on this. cn penetrate nto d

gallotanic ink
nterstices of d fiber & not merely on d surface.

s any of d complex chemical units n d chromosomes by

genes
wc hereditary char r transmitted

refers 2 pair of genes genotypes

a fairly delicate test showing d presence of fresh blood

guaiacum test
n a solution

oxygen carrier of d blood hemoglobin

diacetyl morphine heroine

explode under d influence of d shock of d explosion of

high explosive
a primary explosive

naa sa kamoteng kahoy hydrogen cyanide

a gas of a rotten egg odor from decaying body hydrogen sulfide

a term applied 2 individuals who exhibits unusual

idiosyncracy
reaction 2 a crtain substance
produces irritation of a membrane irritants

similar 2 trunk hair but contains less pigment limb hair

s a multi cellular filament, straight and cylindrical, not

linen
twisted and flattened, tapering 2 a sharp point.

added 2 a paper 2 add weight loading material

a important presumptive ident for blood luminol test

a disinfectant.brown liquid from cresol & soap emulsion lysol

agents dat remove d poison wo changing 8 or coats d

mechanical antidotes
surface of d organ to prevent absorption

straight,cylindrical w occasional twist.unevenly

lustrous.smooth except 4 occasional transverse fold o mercerized cotton
wrinkle.cuticle lacking

a crystalline alkaloidal drug dat produces

mescaline
hallucinogenic effect

also called wood alcohol.causes blindness. methanol

mettalurgy.study of alloys metallography

poisons dat produces stupors & lessen feeling. narcotics

rubbery gelatinous materials consisting essentially

negocoll
colloidal magnesium salts

acts on nervous system producing delirium,convulsion

neurotics
& coma

pale yellow liquid w sweet odor, resembles oil of better

nitrobenzene
almond

those dat r isolated by extraction of organic solvent nonvolatile poison

d best way of determining type of ink used n ballpoint

paper chromatography
pen

classification and identfction o rocks petrography

expression o d inherited char as found n d indvidual. phenotypes

90% water. . straw yellow

composition of plasma colored liquid. 65% in
blood

stain of optical glass & other fine glassware wc occurs

polishmark
during 8s manufacture

branch of science wc treats d form & quantity of

posology
medicine 2 b admnistered within certain period

prevents absorption of poison by precipitating them &

precipitants
making them insoluble

undecomposed rock fragments ranging frm stone,

primary minerals
down thru pebbles

organic bacterial poison found n decaying body ptomaine

alkaloids of cinchona bark white microcrystaline

quinine
powder,colorless w bitter taste

also called hexogen o cyclonyt.mos important military

rdx
explosive today

changes produced n distant part frm syt o application remote poison

more mature dan other kind of human hair scalp hair

a truth serum scopolamine

used 2 improve d quality o paper sizing material

reveals UV & infrared color spectra peculiar to certain

spectrophotometric test
organic substances like barbiturates

a positive result in barberio's test spermine picrate

made by stamping or strking methd.coins by means of

struck coin
die

alkaloid found n dried ripe seeds of nux vomica strychnine

twisted fibers yarn

an element used as an alloy w lead n bullets 4

antimony
solidifying d projectile

manually reciprocated 2 load unload and cock and s

bolt action type
locked n place by breech bolt lugs

small cup wc holds primer battery cup or primer cup

cylindrical passage of fire arm thru wc projectile travels bore

rear extremity of rifle breech

refers 2 large sized shots made by molding buck shots

swelling o enlargement of gun barrel bulging

most common method used n rifling making button rifling

measured fron land 2 land. measured n hundreds of an

caliber
inch

measuring apparatus used n calibration of bullets caliper

serves as lubricant to lessen friction.knurled ring

cannelure
around d body of d bullet.

produced by mixing antimony w lead.hardshot chilled shot

degree of constriction to muzle o shotgun to decrease

choke
spread o shot

reduction of diameter n a barrel where chamber bonds

cone
d bore

utilized n shotguns d barrel s condtructed by braiding

damascus barrel
together steel & iron & bar or wires

means softshot dropshot

w unfilled point 4 purpose of increasing d mushrooming

flat point bullet
effect upon impact

accumulation of deposit within d bore of a firearm

foulings
caused by solid waste products ofter d cartridge s fired

basic ingredients of priming mixture fulminate

diameter of shotgun barrel gauge

produces a king of rifling called polygonal rifling hammer forged rifling

delayed ang pagbuto hangfire

wla ning buto misfire

a force or blow of a bullet striking an object impact

distance between short and long range mid range

a bullet w a jacket of metal wc completely encases d

metal cased bullet
nose

a small metal cone at d rear of barrel nipple

process of sealing of d barrel by both d case expansion

obturation
& bullet action

ignited by primer flash & propels d shot charged propellant

caused by d flowing out of s hot powder gasses from

scorching
muzzle wc projected against d target

wen cartridge case s forced backward the primer

shearmarks
imbeds itself 2 d firing pin hole

force dispensed by d projectile on impact. d result

brought about thru a combnation of striking energy shockline power
and penetration

products of combustion around d wound tattooing

rate ir pitch of twist n d rifling of a pistol o rifle barrel twist

placed over d powder of shot shell 5 d purpose of

wad
controlling d gass blast

allowance made 4 drift of bullet windage

d steady & uneven spin o rotation of a bullet usually
wobble
caused by insufficient twist n d rifle barrel

a narrow spot immediately sorrounding d wound of

zone of contusion
entrance

stripping away o reducng essential prts abbreviation

also known as synthetic dye inks aniline inks

rounded inner part of an upper bend crook or curve arc

a preliminary embelishment wc usually occurs n capital

beard
letters

a loop made as flourish wc added 2 a letter.hori o loop

buckle knot
stroke.

body of letter usually characterized by a circular or

central part
amall rounded strokes

include either letters,symbols,numerals o points of

character
punctuation

commonly known as identifying detail in QDE. characteristic

critical comparison or sidebyside exam of two

collation
documents

results from relating observed facts by logical,common

sense reasoning n accordance w established rules o conclusion
laws

copied,simulated or
most skillful foregery
freehand forgery

designs of letters wc r fundamental 2 a writing system copy book forms

also known as informal sig.conducted on daily affairs cursory signature

an element added 2 complete a certain letter diacritic

any deviation o maladjustment n a typewriter defect

also ductur broken s d conection betwen leters either

ductus ink
joined or disconnected

also rubric.additional unnecessary stroke.4

embelishment
ornamentation or decoration only

d ink s raised slightly above d surface of d paper engrave printing

decorative dtrokes added 2 plain letter forms.gving rich

elaboration
and ample or too ornate character

writing s produced by movement of both hand and arm forearm or muscular

also fingers n some cases. movement

also complete signature.used in signing significant &

formal signature
important documents and papers

executed by mere simulation freehand imitation

disconnected style of writin hand lettering

a visible effect of bodily movement,wc s an almost

unconscious expresion of fixed muscular
hand writing
habits,reacting frm fixed mental impression of certain
ideas asociated w script form

gap between a continous stroke wo lifting d writing

hiatus
material

d introductory backwrd strokee hitch

s a minute curve or angle wc often occurs at d end of

hook
terminal strokes.

d rounded side of d top bend curve crook n small

hump
letters & even n some capital letters

tiny pool of ink at d beginning or ending stroke. knob

writing shows no concern 4 form so that lines & angles

linear pattern
predominate and loops and angles r not pronounced

visible record of writing stroke of d basic movements &

line quality
manner of holding d writinf instrument.a combination
of fctors.writing skill.rhytm.shading.freedom of
movement and pen emphasis

also called offset printing.printing areas r ink attracting

lithographic printing
& nonprinting r ink repelling

an oblong curve found n small letters.a blind loop s

frequently s frequently d result of d ink having filled d loop
open space

an element of writing wc embraces all d factors wc r

related 2 d motion of d writing
movement
instrument.skill.speed.hesitation.freedom.rhytm.tremor
& d like

pigment s carried n any medium other dan water non-aqueous ink

a typewriter defect n wc d type face print heavier on 1

off its feet
side or corner dan over d remainder of its outline

2 points or dvisions wc form d writing portion of d pen pen nibs

represents reach f d hand w d wrist at rest penscope

katong rubber sa typewriter platen

a modern form of type writer wc resembles printing n

ol of d letters symbols & numerals dat do not occupy d proportional spacing
same horizontal space as they do wth conventional typewriter
typewriters

a peculiar or distinct character utilized in depicting

hand writing 2 any identifying factor wc s related 2 d quality
writing movement itself

a compilation of materials dat a QDEr can look for

reference collection
assistance to Qs

post litel motam.dictated

requested standards
stds

also called as retracting. a stroke dat goes back over

retracing
another

typewriting thru cloth imprint ribbon impression

sufficiently well fixed & distinctive 2 serve as

significant writing habits
fundamental poin in identification

discarding unessential details and may stand as long as

sinplification
skeleton letters remain

d writer's proficiency skill

short initial or terminal stroke spur

backbone of a letter staff

a typewriter defect wc cn b eliminated transitory defects

a dye dissolves n water together w d necessary

synthetic dye inks
preservatives

just ff d outline of a genuine signature w writing

traced forgery
instrument

a typeface defect wc leans 2 d left o right of their

twisted letter
correct alant

lone upward stroke usually located opposite d stem whirl

results frm a paper coming contact w a fresh ink writin writing offsets

branch of forensic chemistry that deals w scientific

drug identification
examination of drugs & volatile substances

fourier infrared
the resulting spectrum s referred 2 as FP of substance
spectroscopy

exam for urine UV visible spectroscopy

to determine integrity of samples validity test

contains not normal constituents o contains

adulterated
endogenous substance.

less than normal physiological constituent diluted

replaced substituted

who discovered parrafin test?? dr.gonzalo iturrious

who introduced paraffin in USA? teodoro gonzales in 1933

blue specks on hands will have a tailing

5% DPA in 60% sulfuric

composition of paraffin soln
acid

low.black & smokeless

powder. . .primary .
explosives accdg to velocity ..sensitive 2 shock. .
.high. . .w high detonating
rate

explosives dt r sensitve 2 friction primary or detonating

who invented dynamite? alfred nobel

75% nitroglycerine and

composition of dynamite
25% diatomaceous earth

sensitized by air bubbles.introduced by means of

explosive emulsions
hollow glass or plastic bubbles

father of microscopic forensics walker mc crone

father of criminalistics & forensic publications hans gross

father of bloodstain identification leone lattes

small thin cylinders w silcer & copper color w 0.25 to

0.50 inch diameter and 2 to 6 inches in length. can be blasting caps
detonated by d heat of a person's hand

a tym delay device much like fire crackers.w

safety fuse
blackpowder and waterproof jacket

usually w wyt exterior containing PETN.setoff multiple

detonating cord
charges simul

combnation of fuel & oxidants.brown 2 brytpink n color

blasting agent
due 2 fuel

cylinder shaped w holes n wc blasting cap s

inserted.used 2 incrwase d power of d initiating boosters
charges

1 to 3 inches diameter. 8 to 24 inches in length. dynamite

liquid o semi liquid form of commercial explosives slurries or gels

a mlitary fuse that detonates by impact point detonated

military fuse dat detonates when warhead s at a

valiable time
certain distance from d target

rate of explosion brissance

shattering action.direct measure of energy

brissance
transmission from explosion 2 target

effort required 2 initiate explosive decomposition sensitivity

combustion where all reactants r consumed complete

a type of combustion. destructive gaseous

flaming
combustion.burning gas

type of combustion absence of fire but presnce of very

glowing
hot material

produces fire when combined w O flammable substance

2 types of heat reaction exothermic & endothermic

produced using electrical current dscharging thru d air

sparks or arks
o insulatr o tiny fragment of burning or glowing solid

maybe classified as negative or friction mark. marking

toolmark
left by a harder object

a crowbar used 2 pry open a door s an example of? negative tool mark

made wen a tool cuts nto or slides across a surface friction mark or abrasion
made maybe by a pair of pliers toll mark
a spoke like glass fracture radial fracture

circles around point of impact glass fracture concentric

the fractured edges appear shell like. glass fracture conchoidal fracture

exhibits a regular pattern of radial or concentric glass

fresh
fracture

a glass fracture w a presence of a short extension lines

old
at d end of radial fracture

remains a poison even dilute true poison

a poison wc produces local destruction corrosives

increases suddenly n 8s intensity of action after

cumulative poison
gradual additions of it

german swiss physician. he introduced dose concept.

paracelsus
1st to stress d chemical nature of poison and its action.

attending physician of louis xviii correlated chemistry

of toxins w d biological effects 8 produces n a poisoned matthieu orfila
individual

poison.poisoned
organism.d injury 2 d
four elements of poisoning
cell.symptoms & d signs
of death

act on d brain causing disorder of mental functions

deliriants
resulting to confusion of freewill

RFLP restriction fragment

most widely used DNA test
length polumorphism

admissibility of dna to a case Frye vs. US

55% of blood content plasma

45% of blood content suspended solid cells

d action of d expansive force of gases out of d burning

direct motion
powder

stillness of d rotating motion of d projectile after

gyroscopic action
leaving d muzzle of d firearm.

after _______ hours their is molecular death after

3-6
somativ death

cessation of heart action for ____ is certain death 5 minutes

icards test injection of luminous fluid

magnus test lastiko sa finger

red colored transparency

diaphanous test
between fingers

no person cn stop his breath for more than ___mins? 3.5

cooling of d body after death algor mortis

a fall of _____ degrees farenheit is considered certain

15-20
death.

heating of d body after deat postmortem caloricity

measurements od acids on d spinal cord to determine

schourup's formula
tym of death