Conversion of Analog signal to Digital ( Binary)

• Sampling ( Discretization on X- axis)

• Quantization ( Discretization on Y- axis)

• Coding
Noise Immunity in Digital Signals

• Defined levels

• Usage of Regenerative Repeaters.

Designing Metrics

• Transmission of messages as fast as possible.

 if transmission is done in half time

 Speed doubled. (Data rate)
 Bandwidth Increase.

R∞B
Performance Metrics

ANALOG

SNR

DIGITAL

Data Rate

Probability of Error
SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)

• When passing through channel the SNR of signal gradually deteriorates.

• Defines Limit.

• Detectors in Equipment check this level (RSSI).

 Communication Resources

Transmitted Power Bandwidth

Advantage:
Advantage:
• Quality improve - Reduce effect of
• Increased Data Rate - info sent fast
noise
• Signal Travel to longer distance
Disadvantage:
Disadvantages:
• acquiring bandwidth is costly.
• Battery Life low – More Power
consumption
• Interference power may also increase.
Design Criteria

• Cost

•Complexity

•Bandwidth

•Speed

•Accuracy

•Reliability
Power and Bandwidth are Interchangeable

• PAM system - Bandwidth limited System

• PCM - Power limited system

Other Examples … ???