DRUG ANALYSIS

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
trimetazidine 35mg 1 tab improves patients with heart Contraindicated with Others: fever, rash, Assess for hypersensitivity to
(Vastarel MR) TID PO myocardial failure hypersensitivity to abscess trimetazidine, with heart failure
glucose utilization trimetazidine GI: nausea and pregnancy
Drug through stopping Use cautiously with heart Administer drug after patient has
Classification: of fatty acid failure and pregnancy eaten with a full glass of water
Anti-ischemic metabolism by Encourage patient to continue
metabolic agent limitation of efforts at smoking cessation
intracellular Provide safety measures if
acidosis, lethargy occurs
correction of
disturbances of
transmembrane
ion exchanges,
and prevention of
excessive
production of free
radicals

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
phenytoin 100mg TID Effective in Unlabeled uses: Contraindicated with CNS: Dizziness  Administer IV slowly to prevent
(Dilantin) PO treating cardiac Antiarrhythmic, hypersensitivity to hypotension and venous irritation
arrhythmias, particulary in sinus bradycardia, CV: hypotension  Continually monitor patient’s cardiac
Drug especially those arrhythmias pregnancy rhythm and check BP frequently and
Classification: induced by induced by cardiac GI: nausea and regularly during IV infusion
Antiarrhythmic cardiac glycosides Use cautiously with vomiting  Give oral drug with or without food.
glycosides hypotension, sever Give with food if patient complains of
myocardial GI upset
insufficiency, DM  Do not discontinue the drug abruptly
,hyperglycemia  Monitor blood or urine sugar regularly
 Report rash, severe nausea and
vomiting, drowsiness, slurred speech,
confusion, joint pain, sore throat,
unexplained fever, unusual bleeding,
persistent headache, malaise, yellow
discoloration of the skin or eyes

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
 Action
montelukast 10 mg OD Selectively and Chronic treatment Contraindicated with CNS: headache,  Administer in the evening without
sodium PO competitively of asthma hypersensitivity to dizziness regard to food.
Drug blocks the montelukast or any of  Ensure that drug is taken continually
Classification: receptor that its components; acute GI: nausea, diarrhea, for optimal effect.
Antiasthmatic inhibits asthma attacks; status abdominal pain, dental  Use caution when doing activities that
Leukotriene leukotriene asthmaticus pain, liver impairment require alertness.
receptor formation, thus  Eat frequent small meals.
antagonist blocking many of Use cautiously with Respiratory: Influenza,  Take drug with food.
the signs and pregnancy and cold, nasal congestion  Analgesics may be available for
symptoms of lactation. headache.
asthma Other: generalized  Report fever, acute asthma attacks,
pain, fever, rash, flulike symptoms, lethargy.
fatigue
 Do not administer for acute asthma
attack or acute bronchospasm; this
drug is not a bronchodilator, and
routine emergency procedures should
be followed during acute attacks.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
lansoprazole 30 mg OD Gastric acid-pump Reduction in Contraindicated CNS: headache, dizziness,  Administer before meals.
PO inhibitor: occurrence of with insomnia, anxiety, paresthesias, Caution patient to swallow
Drug Suppresses gastric gastric ulcers hypersensitivity to dream abnormalities capsules whole, not to chew
Classification: acid secretion by lanzoprazole or any or crush.
Antisecretory specific inhibition of its components. Dermatologic: rash,  Avoid performing hazardous
drug of the hydrogen- inflammation, urticaria, pruritus, tasks.
Proton pump potassium ATPase Use cautiously with alopecia, dry skin, acne
inhibitor enzyme system at pregnancy,
the secretory surface lactation. GI: diarrhea, abdominal pain,
of the gastric nausea, vomiting, constipation,
parietal cells; blocks dry mouth
the final step of acid Respiratory: URI symptoms,
production cough

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
sertraline 50 mg HS Act as an Treatment of major Contraindicated with CNS: headache,  Use lower doses in elderly
hydrochloride PO antidepressant by depressive disorder hypersensitivity to nervousness, drowsiness, patients and with renal
(Zoloft) inhibiting CNS sertraline. anxiety, tremor, impairment
neuronal uptake of dizziness, insomnia,
 Drug serotonin; blocks Use cautiously with vision changes, fatigue  N/V: eat frequent small meals
Classification: uptake of impaired hepatic or renal Dermatologic: sweating  Dry mouth: suck sugarless
Antidepressant serotonin with function, lactation, lozenges; perform frequent
SSRI little effect on pregnancy GI: nausea, vomiting, mouth care
norepinephrine, diarrhea, dry mouth  Excessive sweating: monitor
muscarinic, GU: painful menstruation temperature, avoid
histaminergic, and Respiratory: rhinitis overheating
alpha-adrenergic  Report rash, mania, seizures,
or dopaminergic edema, depression, thoughts
receptors. of suicide.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
levatiracetam 250 mg OD Mechanism of Adjunctive therapy Contraindicated with CNS: dizziness,  Give drug with food to prevent GI
(Keppra) PO action not well for bipolar disease hypersensitivity to headache, upset.
understood; levatiracetam. somnolence,  If CNS, vision, or coordination
Drug antiepileptic ataxia changes occur, establish safety
Classification: activity may be Use cautiously with precautions (use side rails, accompany
Antiepileptic related to its lactation, pregnancy, renal patient when ambulating)
ability to inhibit impairment.  Do not stop drug abruptly. Risk for
polysynaptic seizure precipitation; withdraw
responses and gradually.
block posttetanic  GI upset: take this drug with food or
potentiation. milk and eating frequent small meals
 Fatigue: periodic rest periods may be
helpful
 Report severe headache, sleepwalking,
rash, severe vomiting, chills, fever,
difficulty breathing.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
epoetin alfa 4000 U A natural Treatment of Contraindicated with CNS: headache,  Confirm chronic, renal nature of
(EPO) 2x/week glycoprotein anemia associated uncontrolled hypertension, arthralgia, anemia; not intended as a treatment of
SQ produced in the with chronic renal hypersensitivity to fatigue, asthenia, severe anemia or substitute for
Drug kidneys, which failure mammalian-derived products dizziness emergency transfusion.
Classification: stimulates red or to albumin human;  Patients with chronic renal failure on
Recombinant blood cell contains benzyl alcohol, CV: hemodialysis should receive the drug
human production in which can be fatal in hypertension, IV, not by subcutaneous injection, to
erythropoietin the bone premature infants. edema, chest pain decrease the risk of developing anti-
marrow. erythropoietin anti-bodies.
Use cautiously with GI: nausea,  Do not give with any other drug
 pregnancy, lactation, sickle vomiting, solution.
cell anemia, myelodysplastic diarrhea  Monitor access lines for signs of
syndromes, porphyria, clotting
hypercoagulable disorders.  Monitor Hgb levels; target range is 10-
12 g/dL; do not exceed 12 g/dL

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
methylprednisolone 16 mg Enters target Status Contraindicated with infections, CNS: vertigo,  Give daily dose before 9 am to
(Medrol) OD PO cells and binds asthmaticus especially TB, fungal infections, headache mimic normal peak
to intracellular amebiasis, vaccinia and varicella, Electrolyte imbalance: corticosteroid blood levels.
Drug corticosteroids and antibiotic-resistant sodium and fluid  Monitor glucose levels with
Classification: receptors, infections; lactation retention prolonged therapy; dietary
Corticosteroid initiating many adjustments may be needed.
Glucocorticoid complex Administration of live vaccines GI: increased appetite,  Taper doses when
Hormone reactions that is contraindicated in patients weight gain discontinuing high dose or
are responsible receiving immunosuppressive long-term therapy to allow
for its anti- doses. Other: adrenal recovery.
inflammatory immunosuppression,  Do not give live-virus
and Use cautiously with kidney or aggravation or vaccines with
immunosuppress liver disease, hypothyroidism, masking of infections; immunosuppressive doses of
ive effects. ulcerative colitis with impending impaired wound corticosteroids.
perforation, diverticulitis, active healing  Avoid exposure to infections:
or latent peptic ulcer, proper hand washing.
inflammatory bowel disease,  Report unusual weight gain,
heart failure, hypertension, swelling of the extremities,
thromboembolic disorders, muscle weakness, black or
osteoporosis, seizure disorders, tarry stools, fever, prolonged
diabetes mellitus, pregnancy sore throat, colds or other
infections, worsening of
disorder.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

divalproex 250 mg HS Mechanism of action Acute Contraindicated with CNS: sedation  Give drug with food if GI
sodium PO not understood; treatment of hypersensitivity to valproic upset occurs.
(Epival) antiepileptic activity manic episodes acid, hepatic disease, or GI: nausea, vomiting,  Do not discontinue drug
may be related to the associated with significant hepatic indigestion abruptly or change dosage,
Drug metabolism of the bipolar disorder impairment except on advice of doctor.
Classification: inhibitory  Avoid alcohol and sleep-
Antiepileptic neurotransmitter, Lactation inducing OTC drugs
GABA; divalproex  This may interfere with urine
 sodium is a compound tests for ketones for DM.
containing equal  Drowsiness: take at bed time
proportions of  GI upset: take with food or
valproic aid and milk, eat frequent small meals
sodium valproate

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
citicoline 1g OD PO Protects cholinergic Indicated to Citicoline is Elevated body  Administer citicoline in the
neurons and memory loss, stroke contraindicated in temperature, morning.
Drug enhances brain recovery. conditions restlessness, and  Implement safety measures
Classification: acetylcholine Citicoline may be like unconciousness, brain difficulty sleeping if including adequate lighting,
Brain synthesis for used for nutritional surgery, pregnancy,breast the supplement is taken use of side rails and assistance
Supplement membrane repair support in cerebral feeding. in the evening. of ambulation to protect
and regeneration vascular disease, patient from injury.
Citicoline seems to head trauma, stroke,
increase a brain and cognitive
chemical called disorders.
phosphatidylcholine. This brain chemical
Citicoline is also is important for
believed to protect brain function.
nerve cells when in Citicoline might
low oxygen also decrease brain
conditions. tissue damage when
the brain is injured.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
ambroxol 75 mg 1 The breakdown of chronic There are no absolute Occasional  GI upset: take this drug with
hydrochrloride tab OD PO acid inflammatory contraindications but in gastrointestinal side food or milk and eating
(Mucosolvan) mucopolysaccharide pulmonary patients with gastric effects such as nausea frequent small meals
fibers makes the conditions, ulceration relative caution and vomiting may  N/V: eat frequent small meals
Drug sputum thinner and bronchiectasis, should be observed. occur but these are
Classification: less viscous and bronchitis with normally mild.
active mucolytic therefore more bronchospasm Avoid use during the first
agent easily removed by asthma trimester of pregnancy.
coughing.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
 Calcitriol 0.25 mg 1 active in the indicated in the should not be given  weakness, headache,  GI upset: take this drug with
(Rocaltrol) tab OD PO regulation of management of to patients with drowsiness; food or milk and eating
the absorption of ca hypocalcemia and the hypercalcemia or  nausea, vomiting, frequent small meals
Drug lcium from resultant metabolic bone evidence of vitamin stomach pain,  N/V: eat frequent small
Classification: the gastrointestinal disease in patients D toxicity. constipation; meals
Synthetic tract and its undergoing chronic patients with known  loss of appetite;  Increase roughage in the diet
Vitamin D analog utilization in the renal dialysis. In these hypersensitivity to  dry mouth, increased  Drowsiness: take at bed time
Vitamin D3 body patients, Calcitriol calcitriol thirst;  Implement safety measures
administration enhances lactation  metallic taste in the including adequate lighting,
calcium absorption, mouth; use of side rails and
reduces serum alkaline  polyuria assistance of ambulation to
phosphatase levels, and  fast, slow, or uneven protect patient from injury.
may reduce elevated heart rate;
parathyroid hormone  changes in behavior;
levels  muscle pain, bone
pain, muscle
weakness, loss of
height;

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
nitroglycerin/ OACW Relaxes vascular Prophylaxis of Contraindicated with  Dizziness,  Assist patient in doing
nitrate patch Q24o smooth muscle with angina, reduction allergy to nitrates lightheadedness, or activities of daily living and
a resultant decrease of cardiac orthostatic promotes safety measures by
Drug in venous return and workload in acute Use cautiously with hypotension keeping side rails up
Classification: decrease in arterial myocardial hepatic and renal disease  flushing of face and  Assist patient in changing
Antianginal BP, which reduces infarction neck body position, slowly.
left ventricular Increase ICP  headache  Provide cool and comfortable
workload and  weakness environment.
decrease myocardial  irritation at site of  N/V: eat frequent small meals
oxygen patch, rash
consumption  Nausea, vomiting.
 Tachycardia

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
levodropropizine 2 tsp BID Levodropropizine Symptomatic Patients with excessive  Nausea, vomiting,  Should be taken on an empty
(Levopront) is a cough treatment of cough discharge of mucus, with heartburn, diarrhea stomach (Take between
suppressant that limited mucociliary  fatigue, weakness, meals.)
Drug exerts peripheral function, severe liver drowsiness,  N/V: eat frequent small meals
Classification: action in dysfunction. Pregnancy, dizziness, headache  Assist patient in doing
Cough nonproductive lactation. Children <24  palpitations activities of daily living and
suppressant cough. month. promotes safety measures by
Precaution to serious renal keeping side rails up
insufficiency, diabetes.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
sultamicillin 375 mg/cap Sultamicillin Respiratory tract Hypersensitivity to any  Diarrhea  N/V: eat frequent small meals
q8o inhibits β- infection component of the drug.  nausea, vomiting  Assist patient in doing activities
Drug lactamases in  rashes, pruritus of daily living and promotes
Classification: penicillin-resistant  blood dyscrasias safety measures by keeping
Penicillin microorganisms and superinfections side rails up
Antibacterial it acts against  dizziness  Monitor input and output.
Antiinfective sensitive organisms  dyspnea  Monitor respiratory rate.
during the stage of
active multiplication
by inhibiting
biosynthesis of cell
wall mucopeptide.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
calcium 1 tab Q6o Calcium Hyperphosphatemia Patients with Ca renal Constipation,  May be taken with or without
carbonate carbonate can in chronic renal calculi or history of renal flatulence; food. (Take w/ meals for
(Caltrate Plus) neutralize gastric failure calculi; hypercalcemia; hypercalcemia; better absorption. Avoid
acid rapidly and hypophosphatemia. metabolic alkalosis; taking w/ large amount of
Drug effectively. milk-alkali syndrome, fiber-rich food.)
Classification: Helps maintain Use cautiously with renal tissue-calcification.  Tell patient to avoid foods that
Antacid functional impairment, pregnancy, are irritating to the stomach
Electrolyte integrity of the lactation Gastric hypersecretion such as spicy foods.
nervous and and acid rebound (with
muscular systems; prolonged use).
helps maintain
cardiac function,
blood coagulation.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

cilostazol 100 mg 1 Reversibly inhibits to reduce leg Heart failure; known  Headache, dizziness  Stress proper handwashing to
tab OD PO platelet aggregation pain caused predisposition to bleeding;  Palpitations patient.
Drug induced by a variety of by poor history of ventricular  diarrhea, abnormal  N/V: eat frequent small meals
Classification: stimuli including ADP, circulation arrhythmias; QT interval stools  Assist patient in doing
Platelet thrombin, collagen, (intermittent prolongation; severe renal  pain activities of daily living and
Aggregation shear stress, claudication). impairment; moderate to  infection promotes safety measures by
Inhibitor epinephrine, and severe hepatic impairment.  peripheral edema, keeping side rails up
Phosphodiesterase arachidonic acid by nausea, vomiting  Monitor input and output.
Inhibitor inhibiting cAMP Use cautiously with  cardiac arrhythmias,  Watch out for bleeding
Antiplatelet congestive heart disease. chest pain tendencies.
phosphodiesterase III;
Anticoagulant  rhinitis, pharyngitis  Apply pressure to puncture
produces vascular Concurrent therapy with  ecchymosis and skin sites.
dilation in vascular clopidogrel has not been rash.
beds with a specificity studied for safety or
for femoral beds; efficacy.
seems to have no effect
on renal arteries Pregnancy and lactation.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Domperidone 10 mg 1 Domperidone is a Acute Hypersensitivity. GI  Drowsiness,  Monitor intake and output.

(Motilium) tab TID PO peripheral dopamine- treatment hemorrhage, obstruction extrapyramidal  Ask patient not to scratch
receptor blocker. It of nausea and and perforation, patients reactions itchy part and rashes.
Drug increases oesophageal vomiting with prolactin releasing  galactorrhea,  Maintain short nails.
Classification: peristalsis, lower pituitary hormone, chronic gynecomastia  Assist patient in doing
GIT Regulators, oesophageal sphincter admin or routine  constipation or activities of daily living and
Antiflatulents & pressure, gastric motility prophylaxis of diarrhea promotes safety measures by
Anti- and peristalsis, thus postoperative nausea and  lassitude keeping side rails up
Inflammatories facilitating gastric vomiting.  decreased libido  Monitor electrolyte balance
Antivertigo emptying and decreasing  skin rash, itch. for diarrhea.
Drugs small bowel transit time.

Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Insulin glargine 10U SQ The primary activity of insulin, Treatment of Lantus is  Allergic reactions  Provide mouth hygiene.
(Lantus) OD including insulin glargine, is adult patient contraindicated in  Injection site  Provide ice chips.
regulation of glucose metabolism. with type 2 patients reaction,  Advise patient not to scratch
Drug Insulin and its analogs lower diabetes mellitus hypersensitive to lipodystrophy pruritic skin and apply topical
Classification: blood glucose levels by who require insulin glargine  pruritus, rash lotions to reduce pruritus.
Antidiabetic stimulating peripheral glucose basal insulin or the excipients.  dry mouth  Advise patient not to massage
Hormone uptake, especially by skeletal control of  hypoglycemia injection site to avoid
muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hyperglycemia lipodystrophy
hepatic glucose production.
Insulin inhibits lipolysis in the
adipocyte, inhibits proteolysis,
and enhances protein synthesis.
 Drug Name Dosage Mechanism Of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Amlodipine 5mg OD Inhibits the movement of calcium Essential Contraindicated CNS: fatigue,  Administer drug with food or
(Norvasc) PO ions across the membranes of hypertension with allergies to lethargy meals if GI upset occurs
cardiac and arterial muscle cells; amlodipine,  Monitor patient carefully
Drug inhibits transmembrane calcium impaired hepatic  Monitor cardiac rhythm
Classification: flow, which results in depression or renal function, regularly
Antihypertensive of impulse formation in heart block  Report irregular heartbeat,
Calcium Channel specialized cardiac pacemaker shortness of breath, swelling
Blocker muscles, slowing the conduction Use cautiously of hands or feet, dizziness
of the cardiac impulse, with heart failure
depression of myocardial
contractility and dilation of
coronary arteries and arterioles