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ThruBit
Logging system
ThruBit
logging system
Applications
■ Openhole logging in
– Horizontal and high-angle wells
– Unconventional plays
– Unstable boreholes
– Poor-quality boreholes (washed out,
rugose, or tortuous)
■ Completion optimization
Benefits
■ Reduced time acquiring logs because
deployment and acquisition can occur
during the conditioning trip
■ Minimized risk through tool retrievability
and full well control
■ Streamlined logistics compared with LWD
and drillpipe conveyance
Features
■ Industry standard or higher performance
from a slimhole tool
■ Quad- or triple-combo or individual tools
■ Logging toolstring and borehole integrity
protected by the presence of pipe
■ Wireline and memory mode logging Telemetry Spectral Neutron
■ Well fluid circulation and pressure tool gamma ray tool
tool
control maintenance
1
ThruBit logging tools
The ThruBit through-the-bit logging system ■ Density tool measures formation bulk ■ Spectral gamma ray tool provides insight
provides operators with a full wireline density, photoelectric factor (PEF), into the mineral composition of formations.
measurement suite from the small-diameter and borehole size. Raw measurement The total gamma ray spectra measured
quad- or triple-combo toolstring. With a processing includes a correction algorithm is resolved into the three most common
diameter of only 21⁄8 in, the entire logging suite that preserves overall density accuracy components of naturally occurring radiation
is sufficiently slim to pass through the center across a wide range of borehole sizes, in sands and shales—potassium, thorium,
of most drillpipe, jars, collars, and out the mud types, and mud weights. The tool’s and uranium (K, Th, and U respectively).
opening of the Portal bit. scintillation detectors are housed in an These data are used to distinguish
articulated pad for better contact with the important features of the clay or sand
The logging suite is rated for high-pressure, formation, which maintains measurement around the wellbore. The clay type can
high-temperature operations and can be run quality in deviated and rugose holes. A be determined, and sand can be identified
as individual components or in triple- or quad- single-arm caliper also helps press the tool as radioactive.
combo configuration: against the formation while it measures
■ Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray device hole size.
provides communications and memory ■ Waveform sonic tool has a monopole
functions for the entire logging string. The transmitter and six-receiver array that
gamma ray detector measures naturally records waveforms at each receiver for
occurring gamma rays in the formation subsequent slowness-time-coherence
as a correlation basis and to provide a (STC) processing to obtain compressional
qualitative evaluation of clay content. The and shear velocities. Monopole shear
multiaxis accelerometer monitors downhole velocity can be determined from the sonic
tool orientation, motion, and vibration. measurement in formations where the
Borehole inclination and temperature are compressional and shear velocities are
also measured. faster than the acoustic velocity in mud.
■ Array induction tool has five median
depths of investigation and three vertical
resolutions. For nonmemory applications,
a combinable spontaneous potential (SP)
tool may be run immediately below the
induction tool to give a qualitative indication
of formation shaliness and permeability
and to determine equivalent formation
water resistivity. The induction tool also
incorporates a mud resistivity sensor
for making corrections and analyzing
borehole fluids.
■ Neutron tool operates in both openhole
and cased hole environments. It uses a
californium (Cf) source to obtain thermal
neutron porosity measurements. In
addition to borehole temperature and
pressure corrections, the neutron porosity
measurement can be corrected for
environmental factors such as hole size,
mud weight, salinity, and tool standoff.
The wireline connection to the logging toolstring enables the ThruBit logging engineer to create a downlog and
monitor toolstring functionality from the moment the logging tools leave the surface until they are switched to
memory mode if logging is conducted as the drillpipe is tripped from the hole.
2
ThruBit conveyance
Portal PDC bit Full surface pressure control end of the drillstring, it is positioned on the
The Portal PDC bit design allows the slim The surface pressure equipment of the hangoff sub so that the logging sensors are
ThruBit logging tools on wireline to pass ThruBit system enables the driller to rotate the passed through the Portal bit and positioned
through a 2½-in center opening in the bit drillstring and also circulate while deploying below it, in the open hole. The wireline is
the end of the drillstring. The bit design is the logging tools. A float valve can be installed disconnected and retrieved, and the logging
adaptable to almost any PDC bit model and in the BHA as an added control measure as string is used to log in memory mode as the
is available in diameters of 57⁄8 in to 12¼ in. needed. The flapper-style valve allows the pipe is tripped out.
logging tools and ancillary equipment to pass
Hangoff sub through in both directions.
In wells where a gravity descent is not
Positioned above the Portal bit in the drillstring possible, the logging toolstring is pumped
is a hangoff sub, which precisely positions Operational flexibility: down to the end of the drillstring and
the logging toolstring when it is extended Conventional wireline or drillpipe- positioned for conducting memory mode
below the bit opening. The sub restricts the conveyed memory mode logging while tripping out.
movement of a no-go collar near the top of Where conventional wireline operations are
In either horizontal or vertical wells, the
the logging toolstring and prevents it from not advisable or not possible in vertical or
logging toolstring can be retrieved before the
traveling farther down once the logging horizontal wells, deployment using the ThruBit
drillpipe is completely returned to surface.
sensors are protruding into the open hole. system provides unparalleled flexibility in
Having the drillpipe still in the well can speed
logging, both reducing risk and returning
Dropoff tool high-quality data. Anywhere the Portal bit can
the implementation of completion operations.
If logging in drillpipe memory mode is required, reach can be logged. At all times during the deployment or logging
the logging tools are run into the well on
operation, the driller maintains complete
wireline below a dropoff tool. Once the logging Prior to logging, the hole may be reamed and
control of the drillstring. Circulation and
tools are positioned on the hangoff sub, the conditioned using the Portal bit. The logging
rotation are conducted as needed.
dropoff tool disconnects from the logging tool suit is then run through the drillstring on
and the wireline is retrieved. wireline. Once the logging suite reaches the In the case of stuck pipe, the logging tools
can be readily retrieved to surface to avoid
damage while the pipe is freed.
Drillpipe Hangoff sub Portal bit Telemetry, memory, Density Total length: 63.7 ft [19.4 m]
gamma ray tool tool
Caliper
The hangoff sub assembly, battery, and retrieval tool enable recording logs in memory mode as the pipe is tripped
from the well. The logging tools can be retrieved at any time after the wireline is released.
3
ThruBit conveyance accesories
Dropoff tool
Drillpipe
Releases
here
Portal PDC
Hangoff sub bit detail
Portal PDC
bit top view
Logging tool
The dropoff tool is used to disconnect the wireline from the logging toolstring positioned on the hangoff sub and extending through the Portal bit. The wireline can then
be retrieved before the hole is logged in memory mode while the drillpipe is tripped out.
4
Logging beyond gravitational descent
Where gravitational descent of the logging The exposed fishing neck at the top end of the
toolstring on wireline is not possible in high-angle logging toolstring makes it easy to retrieve the
and horizontal wellbores, the rig’s mud pumps are tools and contained sources as necessary
used to pump the ThruBit logging toolstring to the without having to trip pipe.
end of the drillstring. Especially in poor-quality or
With the wireline removed, the ThruBit logging
unstable boreholes, the smooth bore of the drillpipe
tools operate in memory mode, logging the
ensures that the toolstring is easily deployed
formations as they are conveyed on drillpipe
to the bit face. The pressured mud flow pushes
tripping out of the hole. If only certain intervals
the logging sensors out of the pipe, through the
need to be logged, a retrieval tool on wireline is
opening in the Portal bit. The top of the toolstring
used to return the toolstring to surface. This early
engages the no-go device in the hangoff sub to
retrieval saves time by enabling review of the
anchor it in place.
memory data while drilling operations continue
The functionality of the logging toolstring is or the drillpipe is still being pulled out of the hole.
checked and then the caliper is opened on the
density tool. The three-axis accelerometer in
the tool verifies that the density skid is oriented
against the low side of the hole. With positioning
and operability confirmed, the wireline and
upper part of the dropoff and retrieval assembly
are disconnected from the toolstring, returned
to surface, and removed from the drillstring.
5
1
1 The Portal bit is used to ream to TD to prepare the borehole for logging.
2 The driller pulls the bit off bottom to provide room for the logging toolstring, which is pumped through the drillpipe.
The toolstring is pushed through the Portal bit opening into the open borehole, where functionality is verified, and
3 then the wireline is disconnected and removed from the drillpipe.
4 Logging in memory mode occurs as the pipe is tripped out of the hole.
5 Once logging is complete, the Portal bit at the end of the drillpipe and toolstring are pulled up into the casing.
6 A retrieval tool is lowered on wireline to latch onto the toolstring and return it to surface.
7 With the logging toolstring recovered from the drillpipe, drilling or other operations can resume while the logging
data is reviewed.
6
Case Studies
Gamma Ray Depth, Water Volume in Effective Porosity Minimum Horizontal Stress Clay Volume Geometric Optimized
0 gAPI 150 ft Undisturbed Zone 0 ft3/ft3 0.1 0.70 psi/ft 1.1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1
1T,000
1T,500
1U,000
1U,500
1V,000
1V,500
1W,000
1W,500
1X,000
1X,500
1Y,000
1Y,500
1Z,000
Accurate petrophysical analysis based on ThruBit triple-combo data was critical input for the completion advisor
design of an effective engineered completion.
7
Casing Collar Flow Scanner TVD Holdup
Zones
Gamma Ray Locator Depth, Caliper Deviation (ft Top) Total Flow Rate Oil Flow Rate by Zone
0 gAPI 300 –6 V 6 ft 2 in 5 98 ° 82 1U,100 1T,600 0 bbl/d 2,000 0 bbl/d 50
Oil
1T,000
1T,500
1U,000
1U,500
1V,000
1V,500
1W,000
1W,500
1X,000
1X,500
1Y,000
Flow Scanner production logging confirmed the effectiveness of the completion strategy, with 89% of the perforation
clusters (shown in red in the Zones track) producing oil.
8
Case Study
9
Cuttings Lithology Depth Resistivity, S2, TOC Density, Neutron, Sonic Fracture Sonic Data Tracers Sonic Waveform Mechanical Properties
90-in Induction
0.2 ohm.m 2,000
30-in Induction
TVD
0.2 ohm.m 2,000
V,200 ft U,200
10-in Induction
Total Clays
0.2 ohm.m 2,000
Semblance
TVD Bulk Density
Quartz
V,200 ft U,200 1.95 g/cm3 2.95 Low High
Sonic Waveform Amplitude
Carbonate S2 Neutron Porosity TVD
0 mg/g 25 45 % –15 Low High V,200 ft U,200
Pyrite Total Organic Carbon Compressional Slowness TVD Iridium Tracer Compressional Slowness
0 % 10 140 us/ft 40 V,200 ft U,200 0 gAPI 2,000 40 us/ft 240
Total Organic Carbon Total Organic Carbon Shear Slowness Shear Wave Semblance Scandium Tracer Fast Shear Slowness TVD
Measured 0 % 10 440 us/ft 40 1 0.5 0 gAPI 2,000 40 us/ft 240 V,200 ft U,200
Porosity Depth, Cuttings: S2 TVD Mud Log Total Gas Strontium Tracer Slow Shear Slowness Brittleness
Stages
ft 0 mg/g 25 V,200 ft U,200 0 500 0 gAPI 2,000 40 us/ft 240 0 % 100
U,000
V,000
Stage 19
Stage 18
Stage 17
W,000
Stage 16
Stage 15
Stage 14
Stage 13
X,000 Stage 12
Stage 11
Stage 10
Stage 9
Y,000 Stage 8
Stage 7
Stage 6
Stage 5
Z,000 Stage 4
Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1
Eagle Ford formation evaluation combines data from the ThruBit logging system with cuttings analysis and computed rock properties to determine the optimal placement of
fracture stages in a South Texas well. Although green gas spikes are seen throughout this interval in Track 5, the sweet spot in the horizontal extends from about W,700 to
Z,400 ft measured depth. Onsite geochemical analysis of wellbore cuttings shows a marked increase in total organic carbon (TOC) and hydrocarbons generated by kerogen
thermal breakdown (S2) in Track 2, key indicators of source rock quality. The spread between the P- and S-waves in the sonic data in Track 6 indicates anisotropy, possibly
attributed to fractures. In Track 6, tracer logs from after the stimulation treatment verify that the stimulation program designed using the logging data created more complex
fractures at each stage to open more rock to production.
10
Case Study
12
Case Study
169.2
168.6
169.7
The high-quality logs obtained with the ThruBit system identified a thick, good-quality potential reservoir despite
the challenging wellbore environment.
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Case Study
Intermediate casing
Drillstring
Drilled radius,
29.5°/100 ft
The high curvature and extended lateral of the Bakken Shale well were easily logged by reaming the hole with the ThruBit Portal bit on the down run and then deploying
the logging string to log in memory mode while tripping pipe out of the hole.
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Operation sequence for optimizing
unconventional reservoir production
Techlog
wellbore software platform
ThruBit
system
openhole logs Petrel
E&P software platform
Other
openhole Completion
logs advisor
Mangrove
reservoir-centric
stimulation design
software
Stimulation Production
fluids and prediction
proppants
Completion
description
The high-quality logging data provided by ThruBit through-the-bit logging in unconventional reservoirs is a critical component of using Mangrove software to simulate
the hydraulic fracturing design. The engineered design process conducted with Mangrove software is based on reservoir characterization to provide smarter completion
designs and better production.
15
This reservoir-centric stimulation design conducted in Denton, Texas, was engineered by Mangrove software using through-the-bit logging data from the ThruBit system.
16
“Without the ThruBit system, there is no way we
would have been able to get a log for this well.”
Geologist,
South Louisiana
17
ThruBit logging system
Specifications
Measurement
Output Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray tool: gamma ray, three-axis acceleration, borehole temperature
Array induction tool: induction resistivity, mud resistivity, optional SP
Neutron tool: thermal neutron porosity
Density tool: bulk density, PEF, borehole caliper
Sonic tool: delta-t (compressional and shear velocities in fast formations)
Spectral gamma ray tool: gamma ray; corrected gamma ray for uranium; potassium, thorium,
and uranium curves
Logging speed Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray; neutron, density, induction and sonic tools: 1,800 ft/h
Range of measurement Gamma ray: 0 to 1,000 gAPI
Resistivity: 0.1 to 2,000 ohm.m
Neutron: 0 to 60 pu
Bulk density: 1.04 to 3.3 g/cm3
PEF: 0.9 to 10
Caliper: 18 in
Delta-tc: 42 to 155 us/ft
Vertical resolution Gamma ray: 12 to 24 in
Resistivity: 1, 2, and 4 ft
Neutron: 12 to 15 in
Bulk density: 9 to 12 in
Delta-t: 24 in
Accuracy Gamma ray: ±5%
Resistivity: ±1 ms/m or 2%, whichever is greater for the 60-in measurement
Neutron tool: ±0.5 pu
Bulk density: ±0.01 g/cm3
PEF: ±0.15
Caliper: ±0.2 in
Delta-t: ±2 us/ft
Th: ±3.2 ppm or 5% of reading
U: ±1 ppm or 5% of reading
K: ±0.5% (weight) or 10% of reading
Depth of investigation Gamma ray: 12 in
Resistivity: 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 in
Neutron: 10 in
Bulk density: 2 in
PEF: 2 in
Delta-t: 3 in
Combinability All ThruBit tools
Mechanical
Temperature rating 350 degF
Pressure rating 15,000 psi
Borehole size—min. 4 in
Borehole size—max. Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray; induction array, and sonic tools: 14 in
Neutron and density tools: 18 in
Outside diameter 2.125 in
Length Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray tool: 73.6 in
Array induction tool: 185 in
Neutron: 74 in
Density tool: 128 in
Sonic tool: 144 in
Spectral gamma ray tool: 70.125 in
Weight Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray tool: 45 lbf
Array induction tool: 94 lbf
Neutron tool: 63 lbf
Density tool: 94 lbf
Sonic tool: 60 lbf
Spectral gamma ray tool: 38 lbf
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Operations
Sales Office
ThruBit Headquarters
10353 Centrepark Drive
Houston, Texas 77043 USA
Phone: 713-538-9500
*Mark of Schlumberger
Copyright © 2013 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 13-FE-0026 www.ThruBit.com