Sap QM

SAP QM BUSINESS PROCESS
DEEPAK SINGHAL
12/15/2011
PAGE
© Sparta Infotech India Pvt. Ltd. 1
QM Module General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Quality Notification
Test Equipment management
QM Integration with Other Modules
Standard Reports
Benefits
Processes
PAGE
© Sparta Infotech India Pvt. Ltd. 2 2
What is SAP QM ?
• Quality management offers a wide range
of functions and collaborative services, which
are fully integrated into SAP ERP, for assuring
and managing the quality of products and
assets.
• It also focuses on prevention and continuous

process improvement through collaboration
and sustained quality control.
3 PAGE
Why QM?
• Improve Quality of your Products.

• Integrate Quality functions within your
business.
• Better Quality Metrics.
• Increase visibility across Supply Chain.
• Everybody can't be on the shop floor.
4 PAGE
QM - Where does it fit in SAP?
• Integrated throughout Logistics supply chain.
• Inventory Management (Stock status, Blocking)
• Purchasing - Vendor Eval., VendorAudits, Incoming
Vendor Certificates.
• Receiving Inspection for RM,PM Materials.
• Production - In Process data collection, defects
recording.
• Sales & Distribution - Ship QA, Outgoing Certs.
• Plant Maintenance - Gauge calibration / control
• Digital and Electronic Signatures.
• Batch Management.
• Audit Management.
PAGE
QM Overview
Planning Inspection
Control
6 PAGE
QM Module : General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Standard Reports
Benefits
Processes PAGE
Quality Planning
 Basic Data
 Catalog ( T code QS41,QS42)
 Master Inspection Characteristics(T code QS21,QS22,QS23)
 Inspection Method(T code QS31,QS32,QS33)
 Sampling Procedure (T Code QDV1/QDV2/QDV3)
 Sampling Scheme ( T code QDP1/QDP2/QDP3)
 Work Center (CRQ1/CRQ2/CRQ3)
 Inspection Planning
 Inspection Plan (T code QP01/QP02/QP03)
 Routing ( T code CA01/CA02/CA03)
 Logistic Master Data
 Material Master QM-View ( MM01/MM02/MM03)
 Quality Info Record (QI01/QI02/QI03)
8 PAGE
Catalog- Defination
Catalog :
The catalog contains unique, non-numerical data in

the system that is defined at client level.
 Can define our own code groups and codes for

each Catalog type.
 Directly assign catalogs to Master Inspection

Characteristics
 Use the catalogs to make it easier to record inspection

results, defects, and defect locations during inspection
lot processing
9 PAGE
Catalog-Usage
Basic Data : Usage of Catalog
10 PAGE
Catalog Types
Cat Codes Codes Selected Selected
Type Grp Set Set
Codes
9 Defects
6 Defect consequences
5 Causes
4 Events
3 Usage decisions
2 Task
1 Characteristic attributes
11 PAGE
Catalog- Detailed
PAGE
Master Inspection Characteristics :
Master Inspection Characteristics :
 Inspection characteristic describes WHAT needs to be inspected.
 MIC can be either Qualitative or Quantitative and intended for

repetitive use.
 Catalogs & Inspection Methods are assigned to MICs
 Defect Catalogs are assigned in case Defect Recording is required.
 Control Indicators defines the parameters for Result recording of

the MIC & Result analysis.
13 PAGE
Master Inspection Characteristics
Basic Data : Master
Master Inspection Inspection
Characteristic
Characteristics
Characteristic
control
What is to be inspected?
References to
General data master records
Administrative data
14 SAP AG 1999
PAGE
Master Inspection Characteristics
PAGE
Inspection method
Basic DataMethod:
Inspection : Inspection
General Method
Qualification
What kind of inspection

is to be performed?
Texts
Validity
Classification
16 PAGE
© Sparta Infotech India Pvt. Ltd.
SAP AG 2001 16
Inspection method
Inspection Method:
 An inspection method describes how the inspection to be carried out
for an inspection characteristic.
 Common family of components which are inspected under standard

specifications, norms etc can be treated as inspection method which will
be assigned to master inspection characteristic
 Up to ten inspection methods can be assigned to a master inspection

characteristic, however only one inspection method can be assigned to
the planned characteristic.
 Inspection method is maintained at plant level and validity from effective

date.
 Inspection method identifier is optional Text, Long Text, Inspector

Qualification to be entered on data screen for every inspection method
17 PAGE
Inspection method Screen
PAGE
Inspection Plan
Inspection Plan :
 Inspection plans is used to describe how a quality

inspection should be performed for one or more materials.
 Define in the inspection plan in which order individual

inspection operations should occur and which inspection
characteristics should be inspected, using which inspection
specifications.
Inspection plans for different uses (for Example goods issue

inspection, Inprocess Inspection, Inspection during Sales etc.).
19 PAGE
Inspection Plan
Inspection Plan
QM Basic Data Structure
and Inspection :
Plan Structure
Material master
record
Vendor master
record Insp. plan
Customer master
record Header
Inspection Operation
characteristic
Work center
Production
resources/tools
20 SAP AG 2001
PAGE
Inspection Plan:Header
PAGE
Inspection Plan:Characteristics
PAGE
Q- Information Record - Vendor
• Q Info record is maintained at material, plant, vendor combination level.
• Prerequisites:
1) Material for the plant is defined
2) QM in procurement with appropriate control key must be assigned.
3) Vendor must exist in the system.
• If a quality assurance agreement or a vendor release is required,you must

create a Quality Information record.The Q-info record controls further
processing of the material.
• Prior to quotation/P.O creation, system checks availability of Q-info record.

System also checks if vendor, material combination is blocked or released for
quotation/P.O/G.R.
• The Q-info record is created only after you maintain the QM data in the
material master.The master record for the vendor must also be available.
PAGE
Quality Information Record -Vendor
• When a quotation or purchase order is created, the system
checks whether a Q-info record is required and available for the
combination of material and vendor. A check is made to
determine whether the purchase order can be released
• Decision on whether to deactivate the goods receipt inspection

or perform a goods receipt inspection and/or source
inspections
PAGE
Q-Info Record For Procurement
PAGE
Q-Info record
PAGE
Q- Information Record - Customer
 Q Info record is maintained at material, Customer & Sales
Organisation combination level.
 Prerequisites:
1) Inspection settings for the Material is defined
2) Customer must exist in the system
 The Q-info record is created only after you maintain the QM data
in the material master.The master record for the Customer must
also be available.
 Maintain the Quality Inspection with respect to the Category ie.,
Before Delivery, After Delivery, No Inspection.
PAGE
QM Module : General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Standard Reports
Benefits
Processes PAGE
Quality Inspection
Inspection Lot :
The inspection lot represents the request to a plant to

perform a quality inspection on a certain quantity of a
material.
29 PAGE
Quality Inspection
Inspection Lot : General
Inspection Type 14
Inspection Type 01,02 and 05
Inspection Type 03 and 04
Inspection Type 10,11 and 12
Inspection Type 09
Inspection Type 89
30 PAGE
Quality Inspection
 Inspection Lot Creation
 Manual / Automatic Lot
 Stock / Non-Stock relevant Lot
 Result Recording
 Quantitative / Qualitative / Calculated chars
 Single/Multiple recording
 Valuation with specification
 Defect Recording : For deviation
 Manual / Auto creation
 Continued with notification : Background process
 Usage Decision
 UD code / Stock Posting / Quality Score Calculation
31 PAGE
QM-MM Cycle
PAGE
Display Material Document(GR)
PAGE
Display Inspection Lot (QA03)
PAGE
QM Cycle
PAGE
Result Recording for Inspection Lot(QE51N)
PAGE
Result Recording for Inspection Lot (QE51N)
PAGE
QM Cycle
PAGE
QM Cycle
PAGE
Usage Decision(QA11)
PAGE
Usage Decision: Stock(QA11)
PAGE
QM Cycle
PAGE
QM Module : General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Standard Reports
Benefits
Processes PAGE
Quality Certificate
A quality certificate certifies the quality of goods. The chemical or physical
properties of goods can be recorded as:
 Inspection results
Characteristics for the batch
A customer may have specific demands for quality, which may take the form of
customer-specific specifications (specification limits), or lead to additional
quality inspections.
In addition to customer-specific certificates in which the contents and layout is

tailored to the customer requirements, there are also general certificates that
are suitable for use by a greater number of customers.
Generally, a quality certificate is created automatically or semi-automatically

for a delivery item.
PAGE
Quality Certificate
 Incoming
 Vendor certificate against Good receipt
 Outgoing
 Certificate Profile
- Certificate Planning
- Certificate Processing
4 PAGE
5
Certificate of Analysis
4 PAGE
6
COA ( Sample Copy)
4 PAGE
7
QM Module : General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Standard Reports
Benefits
Processes PAGE
 Notification Type
 F1 Customer related Defect
 F2 Vendor related Defect
 F3 Material related Defect
 Q1 Customer Complaint
 Q2 Vendor Complaint
 Q3 Internal problem notification
 Notification Process
 Automatic trigger from defect recording or from Manual creation
by T code QM01.
 Predefined codes as per catalog used in Item / Task / Activity
 Catalog maintained at client level.
 Task completion for notification closure
 Standard report for notification.
4 PAGE
9
Purpose :
Notification  To record & process
different types of
problems..
Complaint Details
Complaint type and rejection details  To analyze the defects
Partners and Coordinator &
Internal and External failures monitor the correction
Causes (Root Cause) of
Tasks (Corrective Action ) these defects.
Activities (Preventive Action)
Task Completion and

Notification closure
Report
5 PAGE
0
Quality Notification: Customer Complaint (QM01)
PAGE
Task and Activities
A task can be said to be on a level above the activities. A task can
be a planned group of activities. For example the task can be a
maintenance of the motor assembly and and there might be a task
list for this maintenance and each item of this list can be an activity.
for example open the coil casing is an activity perfomed for the task
of maintenance of motor.
PAGE
QM Module : General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Standard Reports
Benefits
Processes PAGE
Test Equipment Management
Purpose :
 To ensure that the Test Equipment ( which is used for Inspection )
continues to meet the pre-defined specifications.
Process:
 Creation of
• Equipment ( IE01)
• Maintenance task list ( IA01)
• Maintenance plan ( IP01)
 Scheduling the Plan ( IP10)
 Processing of Calibration order (Internal / External) ( IW31/IW32/IW33)
 Creation of the lot ( IW31/QA32)
 Result recording ( QE51N)
 Defect recording (QF11)
 Usage decision (QA11)
 Notification processing for any deviation (QM01)
5 PAGE
4
QM Module : General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Standard Reports
Benefits
PAGE
55
Processes
QM Integration
Position of QM
Quality
Management:
MM PP
Integration
in logistical Quality
Management
processes
PM SD
SAP AG 1999
5 PAGE
6
QM Integration
Material Management
 Manages quality information for materials, vendors

 Releases vendors; Monitors their QM systems
 Manages the release status of delivery relationships, for example
Vendor approval, Sample Approval etc
 Evaluates vendors on the basis of quality using quality scores from
audits, goods receipt inspections, and problem notifications.
 Requests quality certificates and monitors their receipt. Tracking of
vendor certificates.
 Triggers source inspections to be carried out at the vendor’s
premises before the vendor is due to make a delivery - Source
inspection.
 Triggers inspections for goods movements, for example, goods
receipt
 Blocks payments until Inspection Lots are accepted
5 PAGE
7
QM integration Points
PAGE
QM Integration
Production Planning
 Batch management
 Handles inspection characteristics and setup characteristics for
operations
 Manages quality inspections for manufacturing orders
 Handles in-process inspections during production at freely defined
inspection Points- In-process Inspection (Qty/time based)
 Scrapping procedures
 Triggers final inspection upon goods receipt from production
 Confirms quality and quantity information for manufacturing orders
 Monitors production quality with the help of control charts and
determines process capability.
 Manages problems in production using quality notifications and by
processing corrective tasks
5 PAGE
9
QM - Integration Points
PAGE
QM integration
Sales and Distribution
 Batch allocation during delivery of finished goods.

 Customer Complaints Handling.
 Manages customer-related quality information.
 Triggers an inspection at shipping when the delivery is created-
Lot Creation thro PGI (Post Goods Issue) for Sales Inspection.
 Lot Creation thro PGR (Post Goods Reciept) for Customer
Returns.
 Creates Quality Certificates with the delivery.
6 PAGE
1
PAGE
PAGE
QM Module : General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Standard Reports
Benefits
Processes PAGE
SAP Standard Reports
6 PAGE
5
SAP Standard Reports
PAGE
Reports
6 PAGE
7
QM Module : General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Standard Reports
Benefits
Processes PAGE
Benefits
BENEFITS :
 Comprehensive Master data Maintenance by the
system.
 Stocks in Quality till Inspection is completed.
 Inspection Results are available on line, hence
retrieval is will be easy and trends/SPC of
characteristics can be viewed on line
 Quality Score for vendor is based on Usage Decision.
 Standardized methodology for complaint reporting
and analysis.
 Calibration frequency scheduled by system for
instruments.
 Standard reports for analysis and review.
6 PAGE
9
QM Module : General
QM Overview
Quality Planning
Quality Inspection
Quality Certificate
Standard Reports
Benefits
Processes PAGE
QM Processes
1. Incoming Inspection
2. In Process Inspection
3. Final Inspection
4. Stock Transfer Inspection
5. Customer Complaints and Return
6. Miscellaneous Inspection
7. Calibration Inspection
PAGE
1. Incoming Inspection
7 PAGE
2
Incoming Inspection
Incoming Insp
GR-MIGO Posting by MM
Inspection Lot : Type 01

created and viewed thro
QA32 Defect Recording
in RR
Result Recording Not Ok
(QE51N) for inspection Resul Notification
characteristics t Creation (QM01)
Quality
Notification
Background
OK
Usage Decision (QA11) Notification

- Stock Posting processing (QM02)
- Quality Score updation
- UD code Valuation Notification
- Inspection lot completion Closure
7 PAGE
3
2. In-Process Inspection
7 PAGE
4
In-process Inspection
In-process Materials
Order create by PP

in RR
(QE51n) for inspection Resul Notification
Quality
Notification
Background
OK
Notification
Valuation is required on each processing (QM02)
recording
Notification
Lot Usage Decision Closure
7 PAGE
5
3. Final Packing Inspection
7 PAGE
6
Final Inspection
Final Inspection
GR Posting by PP

in RR
Quality
Notification
Background
OK
Usage Decision (QA11)
- Stock Posting in Silo Notification
- Quality Score updation processing (QM02)
- UD code Valuation
- Inspection lot completion
Notification
Closure
7 PAGE
7
4. Stock Transfer Inspection
7 PAGE
8
Stock Transfer Inspection
Plant to Plant
Stock Transfer
GR Posting by MM

in RR
Quality
Notification
Background
OK

- Stock Posting processing (QM02)
- Quality Score updation
- UD code Valuation
- Inspection lot completion Notification
Closure
7 PAGE
9
6. Customer complaint
and Returns
8 PAGE
0
Customer Rejection
Create Return Sale Order
by SD (T.Code VA01)
Post Goods Receipt to

Classification of storage loc using VL01n
for Inspection lot creation.
customer
complaint
Inspection Lot : Type 06 created
and viewed thro QA32
Result Recording for

investigation finding
Notifications Process contains : Defect

• Customer Details / Sale order Recording Usage Decision
• Complaint type and rejection details for the Lot
• Partners and Coordinator
• Internal and External failures Create Notification
• Causes (Root Cause)
• Tasks (Corrective Action )
Task Completion and
• Activities (Preventive Action) Generate Report
8 PAGE
1
Customer complaint
Notifications Process contains :

• Customer Details / Sale order
• Complaint type and rejection details
• Partners and Coordinator Notification Raised
• Internal and External failures by SD
• Causes (Root Cause)
• Tasks (Corrective Action )
• Activities (Preventive Action)
Send to Concerned
Personnel for actions
Task Completion and

Generate Report
PAGE
7. Miscellaneous Inspection
8 PAGE
3
Miscellaneous Inspection
Miscellaneous Inspection
(Audit/Reverse Engg)
Manual Lot Creation

using QA01
Manual Lot origin :Type 89

created and viewed thro Defect Recording
QA32 in RR
Result Recording (QE51N) Not Ok
for inspection Resul Notification
Quality
Notification
Background
OK

- Quality Score updation processing (QM02)
- UD code Valuation
Notification
Closure
8 PAGE
4
8. Calibration Inspection
8 PAGE
5
Internal Calibration
QC Equipment
Automatic/Manual Master Data :

Calibration Order • Equipment Master : IE01,IE02,IE03
Searching (IW31) • Maintenance Task list : IA01,IA02,IA03
• Maintenance Plan : IP41
• Scheduling : IP10
Inspection Lot list :Type 14
Defect Recording
in RR
QA32
Not Ok
Result Recording (QE51N) Notification
for inspection Resul Creation (QM01)
Quality
Notification
characteristics t Background
OK
Notification
Usage Decision (QA11) processing (QM02)
- UD code Valuation
Notification
Closure
8 PAGE
6
External Calibration
Lab Equipment
to be calibrated by external
Master Data :
Calibration Order Searching thro IW31 • Equipment Master : IE01,IE02,IE03
Calibration Order Processing thro IW32 • Maintenance Task list : IA01,IA02,IA03
• Maintenance Plan : IP41
• Scheduling : IP10
Create Purchase Order and
Gate Pass by MM thro ME21N
Defect Recording
in RR
Create service entry sheet by
MM thro ML81N Not Ok
Inspection Lot list :Type 14 Notification
created and viewed thro QA32
Resul Creation (QM01)
Quality
Notification
t Background
Result Recording (QE51N) for OK
Inspection characteristics
- UD code Valuation processing (QM02)
If Inspection Lot not required Notification
Service Entry Sheet completion /
Closure
MIRO Processing by QM
8 PAGE
7
Audit Management
The Scope of this Process includes Raw material, Packing Material, Intermediate products
and Final products which undergoes inspection at the time of Audits, the nature of Audit
will be divided in Internal and External audit carried out in plants of CG.
The Internal audit divides into

 Schedule plan for plants
 Surprise Audit
The External Audit Divides into

 Certification Audit by Certifying agencies.
 Customer Audit
 Third Party Audit
 Vendor Audit
PAGE
Audit Management
PROCESS FOR ANY OF THE AUDITS MASTER DATA
Create Audit Plan

Management Representative Finalizes
(T-Code – PLMD_AUDIT)
Audit Plan
Create Audits
Auditor gets alarm on the Audit Date (T-Code – PLMD_AUDIT)
(T-Code – SBWP)
Create Question List

Auditor records his Observations in the
Audit
Assign Auditors
If NC is to be issued, he records as
Corrective Action
Estimated Time of Completion for NC is

recorded
Audit Report could be displayed

Corrective Actions taken against NC are

recorded
Requisition Auditee
sent for MR’s completes
Completion date of NC YES Approved?
Approval YES the
requires Extension? Corrective
Action
NO
NO
Close of NC and status gets updated Auditee completes the

(T-Code – PLM_AUDITMONITOR) Corrective Action
PAGE
Statistical Process Control (SPC)
A control chart is a graphical tool used by quality technicians to control, analyze and
document the processes involved in production and other quality-relevant areas.
The following control chart types are available in the SAP Quality Management
component for Master inspection characteristics (Quality Parameters)
 Mean value chart with tolerances (acceptance chart).
 Mean value chart without tolerances (Shewhart chart).
 Standard deviation chart (Shewhart chart)
 Moving mean-value chart
EWMA chart (for mean values with exponential weighting).
Original value and moving range chart for sample size n = 1.
NP-chart for the number of nonconforming units.
P-chart for the fraction of nonconforming units.
Moving mean-value chart
C-chart for the number of defects
U-chart for the number of defects for each sample unit
PAGE
Statistical Process Control (SPC)
SPC-Histogram of Result values with Cp & Cpk values and standard Deviation
PAGE
SAP QM-Inspection Data Interface (QM-IDI)
 The QM-IDI interface (“Inspection Data Interface in Quality Management”) is

an open interface designed for exchanging inspection processing data
between the QM application component and external systems. Inspection
specifications defined in the QM component are transferred to the external
system. The external system independently carries out the inspection and
transfers the results back to QM
 Its Possibel to connect/Interface Test Equipment (Like Electronic scales such

as Mettler or Sternward) in results records transaction in SAP QM Module
by the Use of Functional Module, IDOC functionality in standard SAP and
mainly with SAP XI Interface we can fetch data from any Legacy sytem *(PLC)
to SAP and Vice a versa.
PAGE
Thank You
PAGE

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SAP QM BUSINESS PROCESS

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

• It also focuses on prevention and continuous

• Improve Quality of your Products.

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

The catalog contains unique, non-numerical data in

 Can define our own code groups and codes for

 Directly assign catalogs to Master Inspection

 Use the catalogs to make it easier to record inspection

Master Inspection Characteristics :

 Inspection characteristic describes WHAT needs to be inspected.

 MIC can be either Qualitative or Quantitative and intended for

 Catalogs & Inspection Methods are assigned to MICs

 Defect Catalogs are assigned in case Defect Recording is required.

 Control Indicators defines the parameters for Result recording of

What kind of inspection

 Common family of components which are inspected under standard

 Up to ten inspection methods can be assigned to a master inspection

 Inspection method is maintained at plant level and validity from effective

 Inspection method identifier is optional Text, Long Text, Inspector

 Inspection plans is used to describe how a quality

 Define in the inspection plan in which order individual

Inspection plans for different uses (for Example goods issue

• If a quality assurance agreement or a vendor release is required,you must

• Prior to quotation/P.O creation, system checks availability of Q-info record.

• Decision on whether to deactivate the goods receipt inspection

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

The inspection lot represents the request to a plant to

Inspection Type 01,02 and 05

Inspection Type 03 and 04

Inspection Type 10,11 and 12

 UD code / Stock Posting / Quality Score Calculation

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

In addition to customer-specific certificates in which the contents and layout is

Generally, a quality certificate is created automatically or semi-automatically

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

Task Completion and

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

 Manages quality information for materials, vendors

 Batch allocation during delivery of finished goods.

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

Test Equipment management

QM Integration with Other Modules

Inspection Lot : Type 01

Usage Decision (QA11) Notification

Inspection Lot : Type 03

Inspection Lot : Type 04

Inspection Lot : Type 08

Usage Decision (QA11) Notification

Post Goods Receipt to

Result Recording for

Notifications Process contains : Defect