Experiment No.

9
BASIC PLC COMBINATIONAL LOGIC
Course: Section:
Group No.: Date Performed:
Group Members: Date Submitted:
Instructor:

1. Objective(s):
To analyze the capabilities of Relay Logic In a Programmable Logic Controller

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
1) Analyze the Ladder diagram operations of PLC
2) Examine the behavior of Relays in different logical operations
3) Determine output variations under different program sequence
3. Discussion:
Boolean algebra is an abstract mathematical system primarily used in computer science and in
expressing the relationships between sets (groups of objects or concepts). Such manipulation can
demonstrate whether or not a statement is true and show how a complicated statement can be rephrased in
a simpler, more convenient form without changing its meaning.
Combinatorial logic refers to a digital logic function made of primitive logic gates (AND, OR, NOT,
etc.) in which all outputs of the function are directly related to the current combination of values on its inputs.
Any changes to the signals being applied to the inputs will immediately propagate through the gates until
their effects appear at the outputs.
On/Off Input and Output

In Series Input and Output (AND)

In Parallel Input and Output (OR)

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4. Equipment:
1. Computer
2. Logosoft

5. Procedure:

Activity 1

Preparation:
1. Review the logic outputs of the following function.
a. AND function
Output is True(1) when all (two or more) input variables is True(1).
b. OR function
Output is True(1) when one input variables is True(1).
c. NOT function
Output is True(1) when input is False(0) and vice versa.
d. LATCH function
Output is True(1) and remains when input is activated.
Output is False(0) and remains when input is activated.
e. COUNTER function
Output is True(1) after a count sequence is completed.
f. TIMER function
Output is True(1) after a time sequence is completed.
2. Based on function to be performed, allocate the input and output of PLC CPU.
3. Sketch the equivalent ladder logic diagram using LOGOSOFT of AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, EX-
OR, and EX-NOR.

AND OR

NOT NOR

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 NAND

XOR

XNOR NOR

4. Connect the ladder diagram using timer shown in Figure 9.1. Double click the On-delay
timer(T001) and set 5second. Double click Off-delay timer (T002) and set 10 seconds. Run the
program. Initially, what is the condition of relay coils (Q1 and Q2)?
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Figure 9.1

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 5. Press the switch I1. What happens to the relay coils (Q1 and Q2) after 5 seconds?
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6. Press again the switch I1 (making it open). What happens to relay coils (Q1 and Q2) after 10
seconds?
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7. Connect the ladder diagram using up/down counter, shown in Figure 9.2. Double click I1, click
simulation then click momentary push button(make). Double click the Up- down counter (C001) and
set 2 for on count and 4 for off count. Double click Up- down counter (C002) and set 2 for start
value, 4 for on count and 6 for off count. What happens to the relay coils (Q1 and Q2) after you
press twice the input I1? What happens to relay coils (Q1 and Q2) after the fourth press of input I1?

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Figure 9.2

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Activity 2

Simplify the following Boolean Expressions, draw the ladder diagram, indicate the results through a truth table,
and make a ladder diagram in LOGOSOFT.
1. w’z + xz + x’y + wx’z
2. AB’C + B’C’D +BCD + ACD’ + A’B’C + A’BC’D

6. Observation:

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7. Interpretation:

8. Conclusion:

Assessment Task:
1. Make a simple traffic light ladder diagram program using the traffic light module.

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2. Give example of a Timer and a Counter Application.
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3. Design a small direct circuit used in a door bell application. The doorbell is only to rung when the
push button is pressed. Use an I/O list, sketch the ladder logic and written description.

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 Experiment No. 10
TOWER OF LIGHT
Course: Section:
Group No.: Date Performed:
Group Members: Date Submitted:
Instructor:

1. Objective(s):
This activity will simulate Tower of Light using PLC ladder logic programming. The fundamental ladders
learned on previous activity will be used as building blocks to PLC programming
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:
1. Analyze the Tower of Light fundamental and operation methods;
2. Apply ladder programming methods and understand instruction programming;
3. Discussion:
The following is the operation of Tower of Light:
1. LED lights in sequence going downward and/or upward.
Downward: LED L1 lights first followed by L2, then L3, and so on and so forth down to L9.
Upward: LED L9 lights first followed by L8, then L7, and so on and so forth up to L1.
2. The 7-segment display indicates the corresponding LED light number.
When LED L1 is lighted, 7-segment display to indicate the no. 1.
For L2 7-segment display to indicate 2, and so on and so forth up to no. 9 for L9.
4. Equipment:
1. Computer
2. Logosoft

5. Procedure:
Preparation:
1. Identify the Input/Output CPU memory allocation.
Input Output Output
I1 SW1- on Q1 LED L1 Q9 7-segment A
off – 1 cycle Q2 LED L2 Q10 7-segment B
I2 SW2 – on Q3 LED L3 Q11 7-segment C
off - stop Q4 LED L4 Q12 7-segment D
Q5 LED L5 Q13 7-segment E
Q6 LED L6 Q14 7-segment F
Q7 LED L7 Q15 7-segment G
Q8 LED L8
Q9 LED L9
2. Based on function to be performed, allocate the input and output of PLC CPU.
Make the equivalent ladder logic diagram and run the program.

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6. Observation:
In our observation in this experiment that we performed. Once we switch on the I1 the light in the output will
glow one by one and always shut off one after another.
The I2 function was pausing the light or stop it from proceedings then turn off the I1 the light in Q9 will move
back ward until it reach the Q1 so it will complete the one cycle of the light.

7. Interpretation:

8. Conclusion:

Assessment Task:
1) How many PLC input and output memory were needed to implement the Tower of Light?
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2) How do you synchronize the 7-segment display and the corresponding LED light?
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3) Give example of a system where tower of light lesson can be applied.

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 Experiment No. 11
STEPPER MOTOR
Course: Section:
Group No.: Date Performed:
Group Members: Date Submitted:
Instructor:

1. Objective(s):
This activity will simulate the Stepper Motor using PLC ladder logic programming. The fundamental
ladders on previous activity will be used as building blocks to PLC programming.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able:
1. Explain the Stepper Motor fundamental;
2. Discuss how to use stepper ladder instruction programming methods;
3. Apply ladder programming methods and discuss instruction programming methods;
3. Discussion:

Stepper Motor Operation:

1. The stepper motor control mode is in 4-phase, 4 step control, each step is 15° rotation, each cycle,
24 steps.
2. When motor is in forward rotation, the power supply time sequence is:
DC  CB  BA  AD

3. When motor is in backward rotation, the power supply time sequence is:
AB  BC  CD  DA

4. Function of stepper motor switches

a. Start/stop switch – controls the starting and stopping of motor.
b. Forward/back switch – controls the forward and backward rotation of motor.
c. Speed switch – select between jog or continuous operation.
N1 stage – low speed operation
N2 stage – medium speed operation
N3 stage – high speed operation
Step stage – jog operation
d. Manual push button – 1 button push is equivalent to 1 motor step

4. Equipment:
1. Computer
2. Logosoft

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5. Procedure:
Preparation:
1. Conceptualize flow of operation of the stepper motor.
2. Based on function to be performed, allocate the input and output of PLC CPU
Input Output
I1 Reverse/Forward button Q1 A phase
I2 Speed 1 stage Q2 B phase
I3 Speed 2 stage Q3 C phase
I4 Speed 3 stage Q4 D phase
I5 Step button
I6 Manual button
I7 Start/stop button
3. Make the equivalent ladder logic diagram and run the program.

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6. Observation:

Using the 7 input switch then connect the open and closed contact by different pattern of connection to get
the desire output combination in our stepper motor.
Its satisfied the condition when push the button of each corresponding input and the bulb output glow with
respect to the step speed combination.

7. Interpretation:

The stepper motor is a motor which rotates in steps, unlike in the regular AC or DC motor which rotates
continuously.

The stepper motors are specified in terms of step size, for example if a stepper motor is specified to have 15
degrees step size, then it means each step of the stepper motor will be 15 degrees.

By connecting different poles of stepper motor we can change it speed based on its winding step or
stationary winding in the motor.

8. Conclusion:
Based in our experiment for Stepper Motor, combining the input and special gates in this experiement we
can achieve the speed step to step of the motor.
If we push button I1 the motor will run reverse or forward.
The button I2, I3, I4, is corresponding to its speed in the motor.
The button I5 was the jog operator or reset button if the motor reach its maximum speed.
The I7 was the on off button. Using this special button we can simulate the control of the PLC of the stepper
motor and how its function.

Assessment Task:
1) How many PLC input and output memory were needed to implement the Stepper Motor?
Based in was we did in this experiment we use 7 input and 4 output the use a several combination of
gates to implement the memory need for stepper motor.

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2) How did you control the motor to rotate forward and/or backward?
By pushing the button I1 we can change the starting combination of the coil in the motor.
Which means the current that flow in each coil in the motor change its direction.

3) How can you program the stepper motor to rotate for a certain no. of steps for every input signal?
Using the button of its corresponding speed the combination of the coils always change based on how its
connected if its forward or reverse and the distance of the coils to its other and winding always affected
the speed of the stepper motor.

Experiment No. 12
ASSEMBLY FLOW LINE
Course: Section:
Group No.: Date Performed:
Group Members: Date Submitted:
Instructor:

1. Objective(s):
This activity will simulate the Assembly Flow Line module using PLC ladder logic programming. The
fundamental ladders on previous activity will be used as building blocks to PLC programming.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able:
The students shall be able:
1. Describe the assembly flow line sequence;
2. Designate the Input/Output port distribution and Input/Output port wiring;
3. Analyze and apply multi-input, multi-output, logic relation and complicated program control;
3. Discussion:
Assembly Flow Line Operation:
1. Press Start button to start motor M and assembly light runs to the right.
2. Press Stop button to stop motor M and assembly light stops. Press Start to resume operation
3. Press Estop switch to stop motor M and assembly light stops. Pressing Start will not resume
operation. Need to rotate Estop first, and then press Start to resume operation.
4. The assembly lights proceeds from Assembly A column until sensor 1 light up.
5. The operation continues from Assembly B column up to Assembly column D.
6. The cycle repeats from the beginning.
4. Equipment:
1. Computer
2. Logosoft
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5. Procedure:
Preparation:
1. Conceptualize flow of operation of the assembly flow line control process.
2. Based on function to be performed, allocate the input and output of PLC CPU
Input Output Output
I1 Movement button Q1 Assembly A Q9 Storage
I2 Start button Q2 Assembly B Q10 Step
I3 Stop button Q3 Assembly C Q11 Motor
I4 Automatic switch Q4 Assembly D
I5 Emergency stop Q5 E (1stassy
I6 Sensor 1 Q6 F (2ndassy
I7 Sensor 2 Q7 G (3rdassy
I8 Sensor 3 Q8 H (4thassy
I9 Sensor 4
3. Make the equivalent ladder logic diagram and run the program.

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6. Observation:

7. Interpretation:

8. Conclusion:

Assessment Task:
1) How many PLC input and output memory were needed to implement the Assembly Flow Line?
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2) How were the assembly lights changing implemented?
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3) How was the changing of assembly columns implemented?

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 Experiment No. 13
ELEVATOR CONTROL
Course: Section:
Group No.: Date Performed:
Group Members: Date Submitted:
Instructor:

1. Objective(s):
This activity will simulate the Elevator Control using PLC ladder logic programming. The fundamental
ladders on previous activity will be used as building blocks to PLC programming.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able:
1. Examine the elevator fundamentals;
2. Analyze and apply multi-input, multi-output, logic relation and complicated program control;
3. Differentiate ladder programming methods and apply instruction programming methods; and
3. Discussion:
Elevator Operation Description:
Five different functions were required for the elevator to work properly and after a function was
completed the next could start. After a floor is sensed by the sensor, the elevator car could be called to
another floor. With a floor called, the car hoist motor could operate, lifting the car up or letting it down.
When the car sensor sensed that the car was at the correct floor, the door open/close function could
run. The last function reset the system so the elevator could be called to a different floor. Since there
are five functions, five different subroutines were put in place in the program.
Elevator Control Operation:
1. The PLC elevator module is a 5 floor elevator.
2. Elevator operation principle
a. Receive and register all instruction, calling, register, and output register signals
b. According to registered signals, decide on the priority direction to minimize travel.
c. On same direction, the car will stop on each called position, otherwise not.
3. Elevator input signals and its meaning
a. Position signals – input signals from sensors is triggered when elevator car arrives.
b. Instruction signals – input signals instructs where car is commanded to move.
c. Calling signals – inputs signals is where asked to come to.
4. Elevator output signals and its meaning
a. Operation direction signals – indicates direction of car movement
b. Instruction register signals – indicator lights showing where the car is called
c. Calling register signals – same as instruction lights but indicates movement downward/upward
4. Equipment:
1. Computer
2. Logosoft
5. Procedure:
Preparation:
1. Conceptualize flow of operation of the stepper motor.
2. Based on function to be performed, allocate the input and output of PLC CPU

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 Input Output
I1 1-flr upward button U1 Q1 Up (↑) indication

I2 2-flr upward button U2 Q2 Down (↓) indication

I3 3-flr upward button U3 Q3 Uplink indicator

I4 4-flr upward button U4 Q4 Downside indicator

I5 2-flr downward button D2 Q5 Door open

I6 3-flr downward button D3 Q6 Door close

I7 4-flr downward button D4 Q7 Indicator light (help)

I8 5-flr downward button D5 Q8 1-flr indication regs

I9 1-flr position sw SQ1 Q9 2-flr indication regs

I10 2-flr position sw SQ2 Q10 3-flr indication regs

I11 3-flr position sw SQ3 Q11 4-flr indication regs

I12 4-flr position sw SQ4 Q12 5-flr indication regs

I13 5-flr position sw SQ5

I14 1-flr instruction sw 1

I15 2-flr instruction sw 2

I16 3-flr instruction sw 3

I17 4-flr instruction sw 4

I18 5-flr instruction sw 5

I19 Help button

I20 Start

I21 Stop

3. Make the equivalent ladder logic diagram and run the program.

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6. Observation:

7. Interpretation:

8. Conclusion:

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9. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):

10. Assessment Task:

1) How many PLC input and output memory were needed to implement the Elevator control?
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2) What special ladder was applied to implement the elevator control?

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3) Discuss how the special ladder instruction operates.

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 Experiment No. 14
PLC DESIGN EXPERIMENT
Course: Experiment No.:
Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

1. Objective(s):
Design a PLC relay logic automation system
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:
1) Analyze the operation of ladder logic automation.
2) Connect PLC to motor, motor power circuit, and other necessary items for proper operation of the
system.
3. Discussion:
Timers
A PLC must be able to control systems which have a time component in their operation. Time is a major
aspect of control systems.

A timer falls in to two categories.

1. Delay ON timer
2. Delay OFF timer

Counters
A powerful feature of PLC’s is their ability to count. In simple terms it is a pulse counter.

As a PLC ladder designer you may consider utilizing all of the following relay logic gates, counters, timers,
etc. When the ladder logic is completed remember to complete the following:
1. Convert the program,
2. Switch the PLC to STOP mode

3. Write the program to the PLC

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4. Equipment:
1. Yalong PLC- controller.
2. Yalong PLC-traffic light control.
3. Programmer or computer.
4. Safe cables.
5. PLC serial communication cable
5. Procedure:

Activity 1
Operator Hand Pads On some machines the operator could be duped into placing their hands in danger
during the operation of the equipment. You have been asked to develop a specification for Operator Hand
Pads that allow the operator of a 100-ton press close the die tool only when both his hands are free from the
tool. Use an I/O list, sketch the ladder logic and written description.

Activity 2
Operator Hand Pads, Emergency Stop and Guard
As in activity 2 above some machines the operator could be duped into placing their hands in danger during
the operation of the equipment. You have been asked to develop a specification for Operator Hand Pads that
allow the operator of a 100-ton press close the die tool only when both his hands are free from the tool. The
press on your instructions is now fitted with an emergency stop and safety guard which need to be taken into
consideration. Use an I/O list, sketch the ladder logic and written description. (Should the emergency stop be
hardwired or soft wired?)

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6. Observation:

7. Interpretation:

8. Conclusion:

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