Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
to accompany
Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition
Sadava • Hillis • Heller • Berenbaum
Multiple Choice
5. Which of the following is the revised, balanced equation for the generation of sugar
from sunlight, water, and CO2?
a. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
b. 6 CO2 + 12 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
c. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
d. 12 CO2 + 12 H2O → 2 C6H12O6 + 2 O2
e. None of the above
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 10.1 What Is Photosynthesis?
Page: 190
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
7. The first phase of photosynthesis, a series of reactions that requires the absorption of
photons to form ATP and NADPH, is referred to as the _______ phase.
a. reduction
b. dark reactions
c. carbon fixation
d. light reactions (or photophosphorylation)
e. None of the above
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 10.1 What Is Photosynthesis?
Page: 191
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
9. When a suspension of algae is incubated in a flask in the presence of light and CO2 and
then transferred to the dark, the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate is blocked. This reaction stops when the algae are placed in the dark because
a. the reaction requires CO2.
b. the reaction is exergonic.
c. the reaction requires ATP and NADPH + H+.
d. the reaction requires O2.
e. chlorophyll is not synthesized in the dark.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 10.1 What Is Photosynthesis?
Page: 191
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
10. When a photon interacts with molecules such as those within chloroplasts, the
photons may
a. bounce off the molecules, having no effect.
b. pass through the molecules, having no effect.
c. be absorbed by the molecules.
d. Both a and c
e. All of the above
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 192
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
12. The wavelength of X rays is shorter than the wave length of infrared rays. Which of
the following is true?
a. X rays have more energy per photon than infrared rays have.
b. X rays have a smaller value for Planck’s constant than infrared waves have.
c. X rays have a different absorption spectrum than infrared waves have.
d. X rays and infrared waves have the same frequency.
e. Infrared waves are in the ground state, whereas X rays are in the excited state.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 192
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
13. A graph that plots the rate at which CO2 is converted to glucose versus the wavelength
of light illuminating a leaf is called
a. a Planck equation.
b. an absorption spectrum.
c. enzyme kinetics.
d. an electromagnetic spectrum.
e. an action spectrum.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 193
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
14. How do red and blue light differ from one another?
a. They differ in intensity.
b. They have a different number of photons in each quantum.
c. Their wavelengths are different.
d. They differ in duration.
e. Red is radiant, whereas blue is electromagnetic.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 193
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
15. A molecule that has an absorption spectrum showing maximum absorption within the
wavelengths of visible light is
a. a reducing agent.
b. a quantum.
c. a photon.
d. electromagnetic radiation.
e. a pigment.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 193
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
18. The energy difference between an electron excited by a photon and the electron in its
ground state is _______ of the photon.
a. less than the energy
b. greater than the energy
c. equal to the energy
d. related to the wavelength
e. Both c and d
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 193
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
20. A range of energy that cannot be seen by human eyes but has slightly more energy per
photon than visible light is known as _______ radiation.
a. adaptive
b. solar
c. gamma
d. ultraviolet
e. None of the above
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 193
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
21. The main photosynthetic pigments in plants are _______ and _______.
a. chlorophyll s; chlorophyll a
b. chlorophyll x; chlorophyll y
c. retinal pigment; accessory pigment
d. chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b
e. None of the above
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 194
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
22. Why is the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a not identical to the action spectrum
of photosynthesis?
a. Accessory pigments contribute energy to drive photosynthesis.
b. Chlorophyll a absorbs both red and blue light.
c. Chlorophyll a reflects green light.
d. Different wavelengths of light have different energies.
e. Chlorophyll a can be activated by absorbing a photon of light.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 194
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
27. The precise moment when light energy is captured in chemical energy is the point at
which
a. light shines on chlorophyll.
b. water is hydrolyzed.
c. chlorophyll is oxidized.
d. chlorophyll is reduced.
e. the CO2 from air is captured in a sugar.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 195
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
32. Photosynthesis is the process that uses light energy to extract hydrogen atoms from
a. glucose.
b. chlorophyll.
c. CO2.
d. water.
e. None of the above
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 196
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
38. The Calvin–Benson cycle uses more ATP than NADPH + H+. The needed ATP comes
from
a. the splitting of water.
b. the reduction of oxygen.
c. the oxidation of glucose.
d. cyclic P700.
e. noncyclic electronic transport.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 197
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
43. In both photosynthesis and respiration, protons are pumped across a membrane during
a. electron transport.
b. photolysis.
c. CO2 fixation.
d. reduction of O2.
e. glycolysis.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 198
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
44. The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the energy for the production of ATP comes
from
a. the transfer of phosphate from intermediate compounds.
b. the reduction of NADP.
c. a proton gradient set up across the thylakoid membrane.
d. the oxidation of CO2.
e. Both a and b
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 198
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
47. Which of the following scientific tools “cracked” the Calvin–Benson cycle?
a. Radioisotopes
b. Paper chromatography
c. Crystallography
d. Centrifugation and electron microscopy
e. Both a and b
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 199
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
48. The energy source for the synthesis of carbohydrates in the Calvin cycle is
a. ATP only.
b. photons.
c. energized chlorophyll a.
d. NADPH + H+.
e. NADPH and ATP.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 199
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
51. A suspension of algae is incubated in a flask in the presence of both light and CO2.
When it is transferred to the dark, the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate is blocked, and the concentration of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) declines.
Why does the RuBP concentration decline?
a. Ribulose bisphosphate is synthesized from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
b. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to glucose.
c. Ribulose bisphosphate is used to synthesize 3-phosphoglycerate.
d. Both a and b
e. Both a and c
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 200
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
53. The NADPH required for the reduction of 3PG to G3P comes from
a. the dark reactions.
b. the light reactions.
c. the synthesis of ATP.
d. the Calvin cycle.
e. oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 200
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
56. How many moles of CO2 must enter the Calvin–Benson cycle for the synthesis of one
mole of glucose?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
e. 12
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 201
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
58. When CO2 is added to RuBP, the first stable product synthesized is
a. pyruvate.
b. ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
c. 3PG.
d. ATP.
e. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 201
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
59. Heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for their food supply. Autotrophs can make
their own food by
a. feeding on bacteria and converting the nutrients into usable energy.
b. using light and simple chemicals to make reduced carbon compounds.
c. synthesizing it from water and CO2.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 201
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
61. Photorespiration
a. results in CO2 fixation.
b. uses ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions.
c. generates a proton gradient.
d. results in the synthesis of glucose.
e. All of the above
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 202
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
64. Photorespiration reduces the net carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle by _______
percent.
a. 70
b. 25
c. 2.1
d. 0.21
e. 0.02
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 202
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
68. In C4 plants, the function of the four-carbon compound that is synthesized in the
mesophyll cells is to
a. reduce NADP+.
b. combine with CO2 to produce glucose.
c. carry CO2 to the bundle sheath cells.
d. drive the synthesis of ATP.
e. close the stomata.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 204
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
72. If global climate change continues and CO2 levels continue to rise,
a. C4 plants will be favored.
b. C3 plants will have a comparative advantage.
c. More rice and wheat should be grown.
d. Photorespiration will increase.
e. Both b and c
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 205
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
73. The level of atmospheric CO2 has varied considerably over the years. Currently, the
level of atmospheric CO2
a. is four times what is was during the time of the dinosaurs.
b. favors C4 plants under hot conditions.
c. has resulted in maximum CO2 fixation by rubisco.
d. is decreasing.
e. prevents the occurrence of photorespiration.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 205
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
75. Photosynthesis takes place in plants only in the light. Respiration takes place
a. in the dark only.
b. in the light only.
c. in all organisms except plants.
d. both with and without light.
e. None of the above
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 10.5 How Does Photosynthesis Interact with Other Pathways?
Page: 205
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
78. Photosynthesis
a. uses 100 percent of the sunlight that reaches Earth.
b. is a very efficient biochemical pathway.
c. utilizes all wavelengths of light.
d. converts 90 percent of light energy to chemical energy.
e. utilizes only a small portion of the energy of sunlight.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.5 How Does Photosynthesis Interact with Other Pathways?
Page: 206
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
1. _______ uses pipes to release CO2 around plants to research the effects of rising
atmospheric CO2 on photosynthesis and plant growth.
Answer: Free-air concentration enrichment, or FACE
Textbook Reference: 10.0 Photosynthesis and global climate change
Page: 189
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
2. In the 1800s, the summarized chemical reaction for photosynthesis was incorrect
because it left out _______ as a product.
Answer: water
Textbook Reference: 10.1 What Is Photosynthesis?
Page: 190
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
5. Molecules that absorb wavelengths in the visible spectrum are called _______.
Answer: pigments
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 193
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
6. The wide range of wavelengths that photons can have is shown by the _______.
Answer: electromagnetic spectrum
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 193
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
8. Carotenoids and phycobilins absorb photons between the red and blue wavelengths and
are known as _______.
Answer: accessory pigments
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 194
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
11. During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the synthesis of _______ is coupled to
the diffusion of protons.
Answer: ATP
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 197
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
13. The light-driven production of ATP from ADP and Pi in the chloroplast is a
chemiosmotic mechanism known as _______.
Answer: photophosphorylation
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 197
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
14. During cyclic photophosphorylation, _______ rather than NADP+ receives the
electron from ferredoxin.
Answer: plastoquinone
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 197
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
15. In both photosynthesis and respiration, _______ synthesis is coupled to the diffusion
of protons across a membrane.
Answer: ATP
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 198
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
16. During cyclic photophosphorylation, the energy of photons is converted to the
chemical energy of the product, _______.
Answer: ATP
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 198
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
17. A group of scientists led by _______ conducted experiments demonstrating that RuBP
is the CO2 acceptor in the dark reactions of photosynthesis.
Answer: Calvin
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 199
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
19. Photosynthetic organisms that can harvest light to form carbohydrates are called
_______.
Answer: autotrophs
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 201
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
20. During the process of _______, rubisco catalyzes the reaction of RuBP with oxygen.
Answer: photorespiration
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 202
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
21. When _______ are exposed to light and CO2, four-carbon compounds (oxaloacetate)
are the first carbon-containing products.
Answer: C4 plants
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 203
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
22. In C3 plants, the Calvin–Benson cycle occurs in the chloroplasts of _______ cells,
whereas in C4 plants the cycle occurs in the _______ cells.
Answer: mesophyll; bundle sheath
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 203
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
Diagram
1. Refer to the diagram below. The Ruben and Kamen experiments tracing isotopes of
oxygen through the process of photosynthesis proved that
a. all the oxygen gas produced during photosynthesis comes from water.
b. CO2 is the source of the oxygen released during photosynthesis.
c. the oxygen released by water is incorporated into glucose.
d. oxygen is needed to made rubisco.
e. NADPH is made during the Calvin cycle.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 10.1 What Is Photosynthesis?
Page: 191
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
2. Which of the following best represent the components that are necessary for
photosynthesis to take place?
a. Mitochondria, accessory pigments, visible light, water, and CO2
b. Chloroplasts, accessory pigments, visible light, water, and CO2
c. Mitochondria, chlorophyll, visible light, water, and O2
d. Chloroplasts, chlorophyll, visible light, water, and CO2
e. Chlorophyll, accessory pigments, visible light, water, and O2
Answer: d
Feedback: Chloroplasts are the site of the photosynthetic reactions; chlorophyll is excited
by photons of light and serves as reaction centers for the photosystems; visible light is
necessary to excite chlorophyll and accessory pigments; water is the initial electron donor
for the pathway; and CO2 is necessary to make precursor molecules for energy storage.
Textbook Reference: 10.1 What Is Photosynthesis?
Page: 192
8. Because of the properties of chlorophyll, plants need adequate _______ light to grow
properly.
a. green
b. blue and red
c. infrared
d. ultraviolet
e. blue and blue-green
Answer: b
Feedback: Chlorophyll and accessory pigments absorb light in the blue and red
wavelengths of visible light. Green light is reflected; therefore, plants appear green.
(Accessory pigments allow energy from additional wavelengths to be absorbed as well.)
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 194
11. Which of the following begins the Calvin cycle that results in the entire pathway
being carried out under environmental conditions?
a. 3PG is reduced to G3P using ATP and NADPH + H+.
b. RuBP is regenerated.
c. CO2 and RuBP join forming 3PG.
d. G3P is converted into glucose and fructose.
e. Any of the above; as a cycle, it can start at any point.
Answer: c
Feedback: The first step of the Calvin cycle is the fixation of CO2 into 3PG. This is the
regulatory step, and it requires ATP and NADPH + H+. While it is true that the Calvin
cycle is a cycle, there is a net consumption of CO2 for the purpose of building
carbohydrates.
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 200
16. Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between photosynthesis
and cellular respiration in plants is true?
a. Photosynthesis occurs in specialized photosynthetic cells.
b. Cellular respiration occurs in specialized respiratory cells.
c. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis can occur in the same cell.
d. Photosynthesis is limited to specialized plant cells and cellular respiration does not
occur in plant cells.
e. Both a and c
Answer: e
Feedback: Photosynthesis occurs only in plant cells that have the necessary structures,
but cellular respiration occurs in every living plant cell that has mitochondria and O2.
Textbook Reference: 10.5 How Does Photosynthesis Interact with Other Pathways?
Page: 205–206
18. Activities such as amino acid synthesis and active transport in plant cells are powered
by
a. the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
b. ATP from the light reactions of photosynthesis.
c. ATP from fermentation.
d. ATP from glycolysis and cellular respiration.
e. All of the above
Answer: d
Feedback: Plant cells have mitochondria (see Figure 5.7) and rely on the processes of
glycolysis and cellular respiration to provide ATP for cellular activities. Photosynthesis
converts light energy into potential energy stored in chemical form, but that energy must
then be made usable by the cells. Plant cells release this stored energy via the catabolic
reactions covered in Chapter 9 (see Figure 9.14).
Textbook Reference: 10.5 How Does Photosynthesis Interact with Other Pathways?
Page: 206
Application
1. Plants consume CO2 and give off O2. How is this possible if plants must also undergo
cellular respiration?
Answer: Plant cells undergo cellular respiration in all living cells. Therefore, all living
cells consume O2. Photosynthesis occurs in specialized cells that consume both CO2 and
O2. Because atmospheric O2 levels are high, excess O2 is available for the plant to utilize;
therefore, O2 continues to be emitted from the plant.
Textbook Reference: 10.5 How Does Photosynthesis Interact with Other Pathways?
Page: 205–206
2. Why do plants undergo both the light reactions of photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle?
Why don’t they simply use the ATP produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis to
drive cellular processes?
Answer: The light reactions of photosynthesis produce ATP. ATP cannot be stored for use
later (such as when light is not available); therefore, there has to be a mechanism for that
energy to be stored. The Calvin cycle stores the energy in the chemical bonds of G3P,
which can be incorporated into carbohydrates for longer-term storage.
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 200
3. Why do plants undergo both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, even in the
daytime? Why don’t they simply use the ATP produced in the light reactions of
photosynthesis to drive cellular processes?
Answer: Though photosynthesis produces all the necessary energy for a plant, a plant
cannot be continuously photosynthetically active. Therefore, a plant stores energy in
carbohydrates. Cellular respiration is necessary to break down stored carbohydrates.
Textbook Reference: 10.5 How Does Photosynthesis Interact with Other Pathways?
Page: 205–206
4. Rubisco has both carboxylase and oxygenase activities. These processes compete with
each other. What determines which function the enzyme has? What conditions favor
photorespiration? What conditions favor photosynthesis?
Answer: Whether rubisco acts as a carboxylase or an oxygenase depends on the relative
ratio of O2 to CO2. At higher CO2 levels, it acts as a carboxylase. At low CO2 levels, it
acts as an oxygenase. Photorespiration is favored during hot, dry weather, which forces
the closing of stomata and leads to increases in O2 levels within the leaf. Photosynthesis
is favored when stomata can remain open and light intensity is optimal.
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 202–203
6. The Calvin cycle was once referred to as the “dark” reactions of photosynthesis. Why
is this a misnomer?
Answer: Light is required for both the light reactions of photosynthesis and the Calvin
cycle. The Calvin cycle depends on the ATP generated during the light-dependent
reactions.
Textbook Reference: 10.1 What Is Photosynthesis?
Page: 193
7. Explain the differences between cyclic and noncyclic electron flow. Why are both
processes necessary?
Answer: Noncyclic electron flow involves both photosystems I and II. It results in equal
amounts of ATP and NADPH being synthesized (see Figure 10.10). However more ATP
than NADPH is required for the Calvin cycle (see Figure 10.15). To provide the
additional ATP, Photosystem I sends electrons to the electron carrier ferredoxin in
electron transport chain driving ATP synthesis (see Figure 10.11). This cyclic pathway
provides the necessary ATP for the Calvin cycle to regenerate RuBP.
Textbook Reference: 10.2 How Does Photosynthesis Convert Light Energy into Chemical
Energy?
Page: 197–198
TEXTBOOK SELF-QUIZ
6. In chloroplasts,
a. light leads to the flow of protons out of the thylakoids.
b. ATP is formed when protons flow into the thylakoid lumen.
c. light causes the thylakoid lumen to become less acidic than the stroma.
d. protons return passively to the stroma through protein channels.
e. proton pumping requires ATP.
Answer: d
8. In C4 photosynthesis,
a. 3PG is the first product of CO2 fixation.
b. rubisco catalyzes the first step in the pathway.
c. 4-carbon acids are formed by PEP carboxylase in bundle sheath cells.
d. photosynthesis continues at lower CO2 levels than in C3 plants.
e. CO2 released from RuBP is transferred to PEP.
Answer: d
9. Photosynthesis in green plants occurs only during the day. Respiration in plants occurs
a. only at night.
b. only when there is enough ATP.
c. only during the day.
d. all the time.
e. in the chloroplast after photosynthesis.
Answer: d
10. Photorespiration
a. takes place only in C4 plants.
b. includes reactions carried out in peroxisomes.
c. increases the yield of photosynthesis.
d. is catalyzed by PEP carboxylase.
e. is independent of light intensity.
Answer: b
12. The major product of photosynthesis that is exported from the leaves to the rest of the
plant is
a. glucose.
b. amino acids.
c. starch.
d. sucrose.
e. nucleotides.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 200–201
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
13. In addition to driving the synthesis of ATP and the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH,
light stimulates the Calvin cycle by _______ and _______.
a. decreasing the pH of the stroma; reduction of some enzymes
b. increasing the pH of the stroma; reduction of some enzymes
c. increasing the pH of the stroma; oxidation of some enzymes
d. decreasing the pH of the stroma; oxidation of some enzymes
e. None of the above
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 201–202
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
14. Photorespiration
a. decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis in C3 plants.
b. occurs at high rates in C4 plants.
c. is a result of the carboxylation of RuBP.
d. takes place entirely within chloroplasts.
e. is insensitive to the CO2 to O2 concentration ratio.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 10.3 How Is Chemical Energy Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates?
Page: 202–204
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
16. C4 plants have _______ rates of _______ than C3 plants because the ratio of the
concentrations of CO2 to that of O2 is _______ in C4 plants.
a. lower; respiration; higher
b. lower; photorespiration; higher
c. higher; photorespiration; higher
d. lower; photorespiration; lower
e. lower; respiration; lower
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 203–205
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
17. The concentration of CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere has increased over the past 200
years. If this trend continues, as seems likely, what could happen to photosynthesis?
Ignore global warming and assume that the content of oxygen in the atmosphere will not
change.
a. The net yield C3 photosynthesis should increase; C4 photosynthesis should be
unaffected.
b. The net yield C3 photosynthesis should decrease; C4 photosynthesis should be
unaffected.
c. The net yield C3 photosynthesis should stay the same; C4 photosynthesis should
increase.
d. Both the net yield C3 photosynthesis and C4 photosynthesis should not change.
e. None of the above
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 204
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
18. Plants that carry out crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) differ from C4 plants in
that
a. they do not contain PEP carboxylase.
b. they do not carry out the Calvin cycle.
c. their stomates are open at night.
d they do not need ATP for photosynthesis.
e. they do not contain rubisco.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 10.4 How Do Plants Adapt to the Inefficiencies of Photosynthesis?
Page: 205
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
19. If you were to grow a green plant in a lighted chamber in the presence of radioactive
carbon dioxide for several days, which of the following types of compounds in the plant
would be radioactive?
a. Only sugars
b. Amino acids and proteins
c. Oils and membrane lipids
d. Calvin cycle intermediates
e. All of the above
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 10.5 How Does Photosynthesis Interact with Other Pathways?
Page: 205
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating