‫تم جمع هذه االسئلة من موقع ‪ ( (PM Study ....

‬بنية علم‬
‫ينتفع به ‪.....‬برجاء الدعاء لي وللوالدين‬

‫‪Quality‬‬
‫‪Managment‬‬
‫‪Chapter-6‬‬

‫‪AA‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
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Correct Answer: # 2

Question: You are working for a semi-conductor company. There have been several instances in the past week
when a few circuits have not been giving accurate results. You have been assigned the task of determining the
probable cause for the variations. Which tool would you use?

1. Control Chart
2. Ishikawa Diagrams
3. Pareto Diagrams
4. Inspection

Justification: Ishikawa diagrams is also known as Cause-and-effect diagrams or fishbone diagrams. The problem
statement placed at the head of the fishbone is used as a starting point to trace the problem`s source back to its
actionable root cause. The problem statement typically describes the problem as a gap to be closed or as an
objective to be achieved.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 236

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: You are managing the tools/spare parts section for an aircraft manufacturing company. Your team
members have discovered some defective tools/spare parts. The probable cause for these could be materials used,
defective measurement systems, inaccurate tolerances in the machines, or other factors. To determine what caused
the defect, you will:

1. Use a control chart

2. Draw an Ishikawa diagram
3. Create a flowchart
4. Draw a Pareto chart

Justification: Ishikawa or fishbone diagrams (also called cause and effect diagrams) illustrate how various factors
might be linked to potential problems or effects (please refer to figure 8-7 on PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page
239).

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 236

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Correct Answer: # 2

Question: Quality management complements project management, as both recognize the importance of:

1. Exceeding customer expectations using additional features

2. Providing customer satisfaction
3. Decreasing total scope of ownership of the project
4. Decreasing risks associated with outsourcing

Justification: Modern quality management complements project management, as both disciplines recognize the
importance of customer satisfaction, prevention over inspection, continuous improvement, management
responsibility, and cost of quality (COQ).

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 229

PMstudy.com comments: Option 1 refers to "exceeding customer expectations by providing additional features" - this
constitutes gold plating and is not recommended by PMI.

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: Your company has developed a software product to analyse

1. Flowchart
2. Quality Checklist
3. Scatter Diagram
4. Histogram

Justification: A histogram is a vertical bar chart showing how often a particular variable state occurs. Each column
represents an attribute or characteristic of a problem/situation. The height of each column represents the relative
frequency of the characteristic. This tool helps illustrate the most common cause of problems in a process by the
number and relative heights of the bars.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 238

PMstudy.com comments:
Option 4: If all causes are equally important, then histogram should be used.
Option 1: Flowchart is not used to rank order defects
Option 2: Quality Checklist is not a tool; it is an output of Plan Quality process.
Option 3: Scatter Diagram shows how change in an independent variable will cause changes in dependent variables

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Correct Answer: # 2

Question: The project team has added some functionalities to the product that are not required as part of the
project. However, the customer is satisfied with the product. From a quality perspective, the action of the team is:

1. Justified because customer expectations are exceeded.

2. Not acceptable, because it constitutes gold plating, which is not a good practice.
3. Desirable as this means repeat business from the customer.
4. Not ethical as the customer indicated project deliverable is not produced.

Justification: Customer satisfaction requires a combination of conformance to requirements (to ensure the project
produces what it was created to produce) and fitness for use (the product or service must satisfy real needs).

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 229

PMstudy.com comments: PMI believes that gold plating (providing additional functionalities) is not a good practice,
even if it satisfies the customer

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: Which of the following types of costs is not incurred toward ensuring compliance to requirements?

1. Prevention costs
2. Appraisal costs
3. Quality planning costs
4. Warranty costs

Justification: Prevention and appraisal costs (cost of conformance) include costs for quality planning, quality
control (QC), and quality assurance to ensure compliance to requirements (i.e., training, QC systems, etc.). Failure
costs (cost of nonconformance) include costs to rework products, components, or processes that are non-compliant,
costs of warranty work and waste, and loss of reputation.

Reference:PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 535

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: Your quality process did not meet the four sigma requirements desired by your customer. So, some of
your products were rejected and there is a possibility that you would not receive repeat business from the customer.
From a quality perspective, the costs associated with the rejected products can also be categorized as:

1. Cost of conformance
2. Customer retention costs
3. Failure costs

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4. Performance costs

Justification: Failure costs (cost of nonconformance) include costs to rework products, components, or processes
that are non-compliant, costs of warranty work and waste, and loss of reputation.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 535

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: According to the 80/20 rule, 80 percent of the problems are because of 20 percent of the causes. To
identify the most probable defects and to evaluate nonconformities, you do a rank ordering of the defects using:

1. Statistical sampling
2. Control chart
3. Pareto diagrams
4. Inspection

Justification: A Pareto chart (also referred to as a Pareto diagram) is a specific type of histogram, ordered by
frequency of occurrence. It shows how many defects are generated by type or category of identified cause. Rank
ordering is used to focus on corrective action.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 237

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: Which of the following statements on quality planning is inaccurate?

1. Quality planning is performed in parallel with the other project planning processes.
2. During quality planning, you should be aware of governmental regulations, rules, standards, and guidelines specific to the application
area.
3. You can use DOE to help identify which factors may influence specific variables of a product or process under development.
4. During quality planning, you can use change requests to take corrective or preventive action or to perform defect repair.

Justification:
Plan Quality Management is the process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and
product, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance. Quality planning should be performed in
parallel with the other project planning processes.

- Option 1: Quality planning should be performed in parallel with other project planning processes.
- Option 2: These refer to enterprise environmental factors, which are inputs to the Plan Quality process.
- Option 3: Design of Experiments is a tool and technique used for Plan Quality process.
- Option 4: This refers to change requests, which is an output from the Perform Quality Assurance Process and not

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Plan Quality Management process.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 231, 234, 239, 240 and 243 (figure 8-8)

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: You are a project manager tasked with developing a new machine that will be used for producing a
unique style of reusable pop-off bottle cap. You are working with the Quality team to identify potential quality issues
with the machine during testing. When you collected the requirement from stakeholders, the manager of
manufacturing explicitly stated that it was important for the number of defects to be kept to 2% or less. The sponsor
asked for consistency and reliability in order to avoid machine and employee downtime. The CFO said that the
machine needed to last a minimum of seven years without replacement. The customer

1. A Histogram as it shows the number of defects

2. A Run chart; if the chart indicates a run, then you can use this to predict a trend in the data
3. A Pareto chart as it will show which defects are the ones to focus on fixing
4. A Control chart as it will show whether the machine performance is stable and predictable

Justification: Option 1: This is a correct statement and although a histogram will help by showing the frequency of
each defect, it is not the most appropriate tool for assessing the performance stability of the machine.

Option 2: The team is not currently interested in data trends and the run chart will not provide the required information
for the team.

Option 3: The Pareto chart will show which defects to focus on but currently the team is concerned with the machine
performance and stability.

Option 4: A control chart is the most correct answer as it will provide information on whether the bottle caps are within
the set control limits and whether the process is stable and has predictable performance.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 238 and 239 (figure 8-7)

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: During Plan Quality process, you are going to use Design of Experiments (DOE) to determine which
factors might influence specific variables. Which variable can be used in your analysis?

1. Dollars
2. Pounds
3. Weight
4. Meters

Justification: Weight is the only variable here. All the other options refer to units of currency and measurement.

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Reference: PMstudy.com comments

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: You are the project manager responsible for developing a new type of soap. You decide to do a
statistical sampling for this project. Statistical sampling surveys only a portion of the population of interest. If you had
chosen to survey the entire population, which of the following is NOT a problem you would encounter?

1. Inaccurate data
2. High cost
3. Extended timeline
4. Inadequate resources

Justification: Survey of the entire population yields accurate data.

Reference: PMstudy.com comments

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to
assess performance and recommend necessary changes. To evaluate control quality output data, the project team
must ideally have a working knowledge of:

1. Prevention and inspection

2. Sampling and probability
3. Special causes and random causes
4. Tolerances and control limits

Justification: The project management team may have a working knowledge of statistical control processes to
evaluate data contained in the control quality outputs.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 250

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: Statistical sampling involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection. In this context,
which of the following statements on attribute sampling and variables sampling are accurate?

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A. Attribute sampling shows degree of conformity.

B. Attribute sampling indicates that the result either conforms or does not conform.
C. Variables sampling indicates the result rated on a continuous scale.
D. Attribute sampling and variables sampling are done during Control Quality.

1. B, C and D
2. A, C and D
3. A, B and D
4. A, B and C

Justification: Attribute sampling: the result either conforms or does not conform. Variables sampling: the result is
rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 250

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: You are working as a project manager in an automobile company. Recently the government has
amended the regulations to enforce stricter emission requirements for automobiles. As a project manager, you are
concerned that your project quality norms may not satisfy the revised quality standards. So, you do an audit and try to
remedy this problem through:

1. Quality assurance
2. Quality planning
3. Quality control
4. Modifications to quality management plan

Justification: Perform Quality Assurance is the process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from
quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 242

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: You are a project manager at a large software development organization. A primary objective of your
company is to deliver high-quality products to your customers, with a low rate of errors and post-delivery fixes. The
company has made significant investments in a robust quality management system, including very detailed and
thorough procedures and processes, designed to support the quality objectives of the company. In software
development projects, prior to submitting software modules to the customer for user acceptance testing, your team
uses a set of rigorous scripts to test the code and functionality. In which process would the team use these scripts to
test the modules and in what process would the test scripts be audited to ensure they are valid and produce the
desired results?

1. Quality Assurance, Validate Scope

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2. Validate Scope, Control Quality

3. Control Quality, Validate Scope
4. Control Quality, Quality Assurance

Justification: Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results from the project to assess
performance and recommend any changes. Deliverables are also inspected and checked to ensure there are no
defects. Auditing is a key tool of Quality Assurance.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 247 to 250

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: Which of the following statements about Control Quality is accurate?

A. Prevention refers to keeping errors out of the process, whereas inspection refers to keeping errors out of the
hands of the customer.
B. Attribute sampling determines whether the result conforms or not, and variables sampling determines the degree
of conformity.
C. Tolerances refer to a specified range of accepted results and control limits refer to thresholds, which can indicate
whether the process is out of control.
D. Control Quality is only performed during the Monitoring and Controlling phase of a project.

1. B, C and D
2. A, C and D
3. A, B and D
4. A, B and C

Justification: Quality control should be used during the project executing and closing phases to formally
demonstrate, with reliable data, that the sponsor and/or customer`s acceptance criteria have been met.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 250

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: You want to identify quality requirements and standards relevant to your project and product. For this,
you will:

1. Perform Quality Assurance

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2. Plan Quality
3. Perform Quality Control
4. Plan Quality Management

Justification: Plan Quality Management is the process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the
project and its deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 227

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: After quality planning, you have created a component-specific tool to verify that the required steps have
been performed to test your product. This can also be referred to as:

1. Checklist
2. Operational definition
3. Quality management plan
4. Design of experiments (DOE)

Justification: A checklist is a structured tool, usually component-specific, used to verify that a set of required steps
has been performed.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 242

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: In your project, you have used valuable inputs to produce project activity metrics to evaluate actual
progress as compared to planned progress. The inputs used during the Control Quality process are:

A. Risk register
B. Organizational process assets
C. Quality management plan
D. Work performance data

1. B, C and D
2. A, C and D

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3. A, B and D
4. A, B and C

Justification: The risk register is not an input to the Control Quality process.
Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 249 (figure 8-11)

PMstudy.com comments: Please note that the Project Management Plan (which is an input to this process) includes
the Quality management plan.

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: You are preparing a quality management plan for your project. Which of the following will you use in this
process?

A. Cost-benefit analysis
B. Quality checklists
C. Cost of quality
D. Benchmarking

1. B, C and D
2. A, C and D
3. A, B and D
4. A, B and C

Justification: Quality management plan and quality checklists are outputs of Plan Quality Management process.
Quality checklists are used in the Control Quality process, and the remaining three are used as tools and techniques
for Plan Quality Management process.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 230 (figure 8-1) and 242

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: As a project manager, you are aware that quality has costs associated with it. Which of the following
statements is NOT related to cost of quality?

1. Cost of appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements

2. Cost of rework

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3. Costs incurred by investment in preventing non-conformance to requirements

4. Cost of evaluating alternative projects

Justification: Cost of quality includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing
nonconformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to
meet requirements (rework).

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 235

PMstudy.com comments: Cost of evaluating alternative projects is not included as part of cost of quality.

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: The customer was not satisfied with the finished product`s quality. The cost of poor quality can also be
referred to as:

1. Cost of conformance
2. Failure cost
3. Rework cost
4. Opportunity cost

Justification: Failure costs are often categorized into internal (found by the project) and external (found by the
customer). Failure costs are also called cost of poor quality.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 235

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: You are monitoring and recording results of assessing performance and recommending necessary
changes. What do you get from this exercise?

1. Quality control measurements

2. Quality management plan
3. Quality metrics
4. Quality checklists

Justification: You are in the Control Quality process. Quality management plan, Quality metrics and Quality

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checklists are outputs from Plan Quality Management process.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 232 (figure 8-3) and 249 (figure 8-11)

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing techniques are used by Japanese auto-companies to improve overall
quality and decrease operational costs. In this context, which of the following statements related to JIT are correct?

A. It emphasizes waste reduction.

B. It eliminates costs related to material handling, storage, paperwork, and inspection.
C. It emphasizes short term relationships with suppliers.
D. It reduces inventory to minimal level.

1. B, C and D
2. A, C and D
3. A, B and D
4. A, B and C

Justification: Just-in-time manufacturing is a process that continuously stresses waste reduction by optimizing the
processes and procedures necessary to maintain a manufacturing operation. Part of this process is JIT purchasing or
inventory where the materials needed appear just in time for use, thus eliminating costs associated with material
handling, storage, paperwork, and even inspection.

Reference: Project Management - A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling, page 917

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: After performing quality control using checklists, the completed checklists should become part of the:

1. Organizational process assets

2. Project document updates
3. Project management plan updates
4. Lessons learned documentation

Justification: When checklists are used, the completed checklists become part of the organizational process
assets.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 254

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Correct Answer: # 1

Question: In a normal distribution, standard deviation refers to:

1. Distance of measurement from the mean

2. Distance of measurement from the most likely value
3. Distance of measurement from the middle most value
4. A tool that is used in qualitative risk analysis

Justification: Standard deviation is a distance of measurement from the mean or, the square root of the average
of the squares of deviations (about) the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or
variability.

A standard normal distribution, which shows standard deviation (sigma) as distance of the measurement from the
mean value:

Reference: PMstudy.com comments

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: In the Plan Quality process, you are using benchmarking as a tool to facilitate quality planning. In this
context, which of the following statements about benchmarking is inaccurate?

1. Compares actual or planned project practices to those of other projects

2. Uses only information from within the performing organization
3. Generates ideas for improvement and provides a basis for measuring performance
4. Can be within the same or another application area

Justification: Benchmarking involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of comparable

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projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Benchmarked projects may exist within the performing organization or outside of it, or can be within the same
application area.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 239

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: You are doing a quality audit for your project to identify all the gaps/shortcomings in your project. This is
a part of:

1. Plan Quality process

2. Perform Quality Assurance process
3. Quality Management Plan
4. Control Quality process

Justification: Quality audit is a tool and technique used in Perform Quality Assurance process.
Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 247

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: You are the project manager in a company. You have to prepare a process improvement plan. Which of
the following would you not consider for this purpose?

1. Quality metrics
2. Targets for improved performance
3. Process boundaries and process metrics
4. Process configuration

Justification: The areas to be considered in the process improvement plan include process boundaries, process
configuration, process metrics, and targets for improved performance.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 241

PMstudy.com comments: Quality Metric is an output of Plan Quality Management. A quality metric is an operational
definition that describes, in very specific terms, a project or product attribute and how the quality control process will
measure it. It is not used for determining process improvements.

Correct Answer: # 2

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Question: You are determining whether the project activities comply with organizational and project policies. This
will be done as part of:

1. Inspection
2. Quality audits
3. Quality improvement
4. Trend analysis

Justification: A quality audit is a structured, independent process to determine whether project activities comply
with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 247

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: Juran defines quality as "fitness for use." In this context, which of the following is NOT a primary benefit
of meeting quality requirements?

1. Moderate productivity
2. Low cost
3. Less rework
4. Increased stakeholder satisfaction

Justification: The primary benefits of meeting quality requirements include less rework, higher productivity, lower
costs, increased stakeholder satisfaction and increased profitability.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 235

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: In your organization, 3 sigma quality processes have been implemented. This means that there is a
_____% probability that any result will fall within the 3 sigma range.

1. 99.99
2. 99.7
3. 95.4
4. 68.2

Justification: A standard normal distribution, which shows standard deviation (or sigma) as distance of the
measurement from the mean (target) value:

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Reference: PMstudy.com study notes

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: You are completing a NASA project for the launch of a weather forecasting satellite. The satellite is
being tested for a specific quality metric: Performance under Strong Winds. For which processes are quality metrics
used?

1. Perform Quality Assurance and Plan Quality

2. Plan Quality and Control Quality
3. Control Quality, Plan Quality, and Perform Quality Assurance
4. Perform Quality Assurance and Control Quality

Justification: Quality metrics are used in the Perform Quality Assurance and Control Quality processes.
Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 232, figure 8-3

PMstudy.com comments: Quality metrics form an output of Plan Quality Management process

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: In your project, you are preparing a process improvement plan for the manufacture of a new drug. You
include process configuration, as part of the process improvement plan. The use of process configuration advances
this objective through:

1. Description of the process and start and end of processes

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2. Graphic depiction of processes, with interfaces identified, used to facilitate analysis

3. Process metric to maintain control over status of process
4. Improvement of process activities

Justification: Process configuration is a graphic depiction of processes, with identified interfaces, used to facilitate
analysis.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 241

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: As a project manager, you want to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions
are used for your products. In this context, which of the following tools or techniques would you use to achieve this
objective?

A. Quality audit
B. Process analysis
C. Quality control measurements
D. All quality planning tools and techniques

1. Only A
2. A and B
3. A, B and D
4. All of the above

Justification: Quality control measurements are an input (not tool and technique) for Perform Quality Assurance.
All the remaining are valid tools for the Perform Quality Assurance process. The Perform Quality Assurance process
uses the tools and techniques of the Plan Quality Management and the Control Quality processes.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 243 (figure 8-8) and 245

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: Your company manufactures bearings for the automobile industry. You have historical information on
the identified errors and defects, and you would like to use this information to determine future performance. An
appropriate tool which you can use is:

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1. Scatter diagram
2. Statistical sampling
3. Control chart
4. Trend analysis

Justification: Trend Analysis. An analytical technique that uses mathematical models to forecast future outcomes
based on historical results.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 566

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: In your project, you would like to generate ideas that can be linked to form organized patterns of thought
about a problem. Which one of the following techniques would you use?

1. Force field analysis

2. Affinity diagrams
3. Nominal group techniques
4. Brainstorming

Justification: Affinity diagrams are used to generate ideas that can be linked to form organized patterns of thought
about a problem.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 245

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: You are managing a project to design and implement a process to manufacture components for internal
combustion engines used in the automobile industry. You notice that in the past couple of days too many defects
have been observed. You would like to find out whether the process is stable or unusual events are occurring in your
manufacturing process. For this purpose, you should use:

1. Inspection
2. Pareto charts
3. Statistical sampling
4. Control charts

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Justification: Control charts are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable
performance. Control charts can be used to monitor various types of output variables. Although used most frequently
to track repetitive activities required for producing manufactured lots.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 238

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: You are working as a research assistant studying the growth of bacteria under different environmental
conditions. Based on your experiments, you conclude that the longevity of bacteria increases as the temperature
increases. What type of diagram can you use to illustrate your observation?

1. Control chart
2. Run chart
3. Scatter diagram
4. Histogram

Justification: A scatter diagram shows the relationship between two variables.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 238

PMstudy.com comments: We are talking about two variables in the question, i.e., (a) temperature - the independent
variable and b) longevity of bacteria - the dependent variable. The relationship between these two variables can be
illustrated using a scatter diagram. This tool allows the quality team to study and identify the possible relationship
between changes observed in two variables. Dependent variables versus independent variables are plotted. The
closer the points are to a diagonal line, the more closely they are related.

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: After joining as a stand-in project manager for an ongoing project, you are informed by the team that
certain features are being added to the deliverable which was not asked for by the customer, to earn customer
appreciation. In this situation:

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1. You are concerned, because the project team is gold-plating

2. You are happy, because the project will `exceed customer expectations`
3. You are worried that this is going to increase the project size
4. You are undecided about the increase in the quality metrics of the project

Justification: You should be concerned because the project team is gold-plating, which is not a recommended
project management practice.

Please note that `adding extra functionality beyond project scope` is not recommended by PMI, since a project is
supposed to deliver what is defined in its scope. Similarly, one cannot request for additional sizing for the project
because the customer had never asked for the additional requirements.

Reference: PMstudy.com comments

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: In your project, you recommend a specific technique to identify a problem, discover the underlying
causes that lead to it, and develop preventive actions. The recommended technique is:

1. Trend analysis
2. Process analysis
3. Risk analysis
4. Root cause analysis

Justification: Root cause analysis is a specific technique used to identify a problem, discover the underlying
causes that lead to it, and develop preventive actions.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 247

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: `Cost of quality` includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investing in meeting
requirements. In this context, which of the following is NOT a

1. Opportunity costs
2. Cost of poor quality
3. External failure costs
4. Appraisal costs

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Justification: Cost of quality includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing
non-conformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to
meet requirements (rework). Failure costs are often categorized into internal (found by the project) and external
(found by the customer). Failure costs are also called cost of poor quality.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 235

PMstudy.com comments: Opportunity costs are not included in the cost of quality.

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: You are trying to determine the cost and schedule trade-off which will be most appropriate for
determining the ride quality of a car. You classify factors like tire pressure, suspension, height of vehicle, etc., which
have to be optimized to improve ride quality. A tool you can use to facilitate making the decision is:

1. Cost of quality
2. Cause-and-effect diagrams
3. Design of experiments
4. Network diagrams

Justification: Design of Experiments (DOE) is a statistical method for identifying which factors may influence
specific variables of a product or process under development or in production.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 239

PMstudy.com comments: The technique can also be applied to project management issues, such as cost and
schedule trade-offs. For example, senior engineers will cost more than junior engineers but can also be expected to
complete the assigned work in less time.

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: Which of the following statements about "Quality" and "Grade" is correct?

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A. Grade is a rank given to entities having the same functional use but different technical characteristics.
B. Low quality product may be of high grade.
C. Low grade product may be of high quality.
D. It is a problem if the product is of high quality and low grade.

1. A and B
2. Only B
3. All of the Above
4. A, B and C

Justification: Grade is a category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical
characteristics. While a quality level that fails to meet quality requirements is always a problem, low grade may not
be.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 228

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: Which of the following should be determined during the Plan Quality Management process, so the cost
of quality will include the number of tests, expected scrap, etc.?

1. Sample frequency
2. Sample size
3. Sample time
4. Sample frequency and Sample size

Justification: Sample frequency and sizes should be determined during the Plan Quality Management process, so
the cost of quality will include the number of tests, expected scrap, etc.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 240

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: A flow chart is a diagram, which shows how various elements of a system relate and includes tools like
"cause and effect diagrams" and "flowcharting." As a project manager, you find "cause and effect diagrams" a useful
tool for:

1. Showing the relationship between two variables

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2. Identifying which factors may influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in production
3. Determining whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance
4. Illustrating how various factors might be linked to potential problems or effects

Justification: Option 4: This is the correct answer. Cause and effect diagrams, also called Ishikawa diagrams or
fishbone diagrams illustrate how various factors might be linked to potential problems or effects.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 236

PMstudy.com comments:

Option 1: This refers to scatter diagrams, which shows the relationship between two variables
Option 2: This refers to Design of Experiment (DOE), which identifies which factors may influence specific variables
of a product or process under development or in production.
Option 3: This refers to Control Charts, which are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has
predictable performance.

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: A description of how a project management team should implement the overall intention and direction of
an organization with regard to quality (as articulated by top management) is available in:

1. Operational definitions
2. Quality management plan
3. Checklists
4. Quality policy

Justification: The quality management plan describes how the project management team plans to meet the quality
requirements set for the project. The performing organization`s quality policy, as endorsed by senior management,
sets the organization`s intended direction on implementing its quality management approach.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 234 and 241

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: Your company has implemented ISO standards for quality. In this context, which of the following
statements regarding quality is accurate?

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A. The objective of a quality audit is to compare project deliverables against the product requirements as defined in
the WBS.
B. Process analysis identifies the needed improvements from an organizational and technical standpoint.
C. Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess
performance and recommend necessary changes.
D. The Quality management plan describes how the project management team will implement the performing
organization`s quality policy.

1. B, C and D
2. C and D
3. B and D
4. A, B and C

Justification: A quality audit is a structured, independent process to determine if project activities comply with
organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 247

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: You are working on a construction project. You gather data regularly on the productivity of several
employees and tasks (e.g., concrete poured per hour, length of electrical wiring done by a person per day, etc.). You
compare this with that of similar projects embodied in your organizational process assets. This is a real life example
of:

1. Force field analysis

2. Cost of quality
3. Benchmarking
4. Design of experiments

Justification: Benchmarking involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of comparable
projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 239

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: You are the project manager of a car manufacturing company. You understand that there are costs

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associated with improvement in quality parameters. To justify costs required to improve quality, you find out the
incremental increase in benefits for an incremental improvement in quality. This is an example of :

1. Parkinson`s law
2. Learning Curve theory
3. Marginal analysis
4. Maslow`s hierarchy of needs

Justification: Marginal analysis balances the additional benefits from an action against the additional cost. It is an
acknowledgement that decisions should be made based on the incremental gains and losses that result from a
decision.

Reference: PMstudy.com comments

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: In your pharmaceutical company, quality is an important criterion to determine project success. Which of
the following is not an example of cost of nonconformance?

1. Training
2. Rework
3. Loss of reputation
4. Warranty

Justification: Cost of quality: A method of determining the costs incurred to ensure quality. Prevention and
appraisal costs (cost of conformance) include costs for quality planning, quality control (QC), and quality assurance to
ensure compliance to requirements (i.e., training, QC systems, etc.). Failure costs (cost of nonconformance) include
costs to rework products, components, or processes that are non-compliant, costs of warranty work and waste, and
loss of reputation.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 235 and 535

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: You are working as a project manager in an IT company. Your project is facing major difficulties in the
quality of its deliverables and you are getting recurring problems. The project sponsor has insisted that no
compromise can be made in the quality of the deliverables. In this context, if the problem persists, the BEST option

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you would choose as a project manager to remedy the problem is to:

1. Allow increase in cost of quality but ensure that the root cause of the problem is fixed
2. Reduce the project scope to increase project quality
3. Fix a problem as soon as it occurs
4. Prevent change requests to ensure quality

Justification: Cost of Quality includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing
non-conformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to
meet requirements (rework). Here, cost of quality is increased and measures are taken to control the recurrence of
the problem.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 235

Total No of Questions: 70

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: From a project management perspective, which of the following BEST describes quality attributes?

1. They are the quality criteria that are to be met mandatorily.

2. They provide a basis for judging a project`s success or failure.
3. They provide a basis for determining how effectively performing organization supports the project.
4. They are the specific characteristics for which a project`s product is designed and tested.

Justification: Quality is "the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfil requirements".
Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 228

PMstudy.com comments: Quality attributes refer to all those specific characteristics for which a project`s product is
designed and tested.

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: You have successfully completed a project and the customer is happy with the product. From a project
management perspective, when a service or a product meets customer expectations, it means that:

1. Cost of quality is low

2. Project is on budget

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3. Cost of quality is high

4. Quality is achieved

Justification: Quality refers to "the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements."
Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 228

PMstudy.com comments: When the customer requirements or expectations are met, quality is achieved.

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: As a project manager, you use fishbone diagram to analyze the root cause of a problem. This is
performed in which of the following process?

1. Plan Quality Management

2. Verify Scope
3. Control Quality
4. Perform Quality Assurance

Justification: Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to
assess performance and recommend necessary changes. A fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram, generally known
as Cause and Effect diagram, is one of the tools and techniques of Control Quality process. It illustrates how various
factors might be linked to potential problems or effects.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 236 and 249 (figure 8-11)

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: You are a project manager. During the quality audit, you find out that the team members have
committed a number of minor mistakes. To determine whether the process is in control, the most helpful tool you use

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is:

1. Ishikawa diagram
2. Pareto chart
3. Bar chart
4. Control chart

Justification: Control chart is the BEST tool here as, in this process, the appropriate data is collected and
analyzed to indicate the quality status of project processes and products. Control charts illustrate how a process
behaves overtime and when a process is subject to special cause variation, resulting in an out-of-control condition.

Reference: PMstudy.com comments

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: The explicit and implicit customer requirements that should be captured as part of your project can be
referred to as:

1. Quality
2. Activity
3. Voice of the customer
4. Quality attributes

Justification: Voice of the Customer. A planning technique used to provide products, services, and results that
truly reflect customer requirements by translating those customer requirements into the appropriate technical
requirements for each phase of project product development.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 566

PMstudy.com comments: Voice of the customer refers to explicit and implicit customer requirements that should be
captured as part of the project.

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: Recently, there have been quality related problems in your project and your sponsor has asked you to

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work on improving the quality parameters. In this context, which of the following statements about quality parameters
is correct?

A. Customer satisfaction refers to understanding and managing expectations so that customer requirements are met.
B. Customer satisfaction is a combination of conformance to requirements and fitness for use.
C. Quality should be planned and built in - not inspected in.
D. Cost of preventing mistakes is generally higher than cost of correcting them.

1. A and C
2. B and C
3. Only C
4. A, B and C

Justification: One of the fundamental tenets of modern quality management states that quality is planned,
designed, and built in - not inspected in. The cost of preventing mistakes is generally much lower than the cost of
correcting them when they are found during inspection.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 228

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: In your project, you conduct extensive testing to ensure that quality problems in the final product are
minimized. The costs incurred on extensive testing are known as:

1. Costs of non-conformance
2. Appraisal costs
3. Failure costs
4. Prevention costs

Justification: Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 235 (figure 8-5).
PMstudy.com comments: Appraisal costs are costs incurred by an organization to assess the quality of the products
and services in order to avoid failures. They include cost of testing, cost of destructive testing loss, cost of
inspections, etc.

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: Your project is facing attrition of project resources, and you would like to document processes carefully
to ensure business continuity. Certain costs have to be incurred for this purpose. These costs are known as:

1. Costs of nonconformance
2. Appraisal costs

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3. Failure costs
4. Prevention costs

Justification: Cost of quality includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing
nonconformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to
meet requirements (rework).

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 235, figure 8-5.

PMstudy.com comments:‘Prevention costs’ are costs incurred by an organization to create high quality products in
order to avoid failures. They include cost of training, cost of documenting processes, cost of equipment, etc.

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: In your project, you are creating a component-specific structured tool to verify that a set of required
steps has been performed. This tool is called:

1. Quality metric
2. Quality checklist
3. Work authorization system
4. Validate Scope

Justification: Quality checklist is a structured tool, usually component-specific, used to verify that a set of required
steps has been performed.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 242

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: In your project, you are doing a structured review to determine whether product activities comply with
organizational and project policies. This is conducted as part of (a) ________________, and is performed during the
(b) _____________ process.

1. (a) Quality audit (b) Quality Assurance

2. (a) Quality audit (b) Control Quality

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3. (a) Process analysis (b) Quality Assurance

4. (a) Process analysis (b) Control Quality

Justification: Quality audit is a structured, independent review performed to determine whether product activities
comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures. `Quality audits` is a technique used in
the Perform Quality Assurance process.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 247

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: Your company manufactures bearings for the automobile industry. Control charts are used to determine
whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance. Specification limits indicate:

1. If process is within control limits

2. Whether the product would be successful in the market
3. Maximum and minimum values allowed
4. Process improvement opportunities

Justification: Control charts are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable
performance. Upper and lower specification limits are based on requirements of the contract. They reflect the
maximum and minimum values allowed.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 238

PMstudy.com comments

Option 1: Control limits are set by the project manager and appropriate stakeholders. They are different from
specification limits that are provided by the customer or contract.

Option 2: Whether a product will be successful in the market or not depends on several additional factors like
business needs, competitor analysis, pricing, etc.

Option 4: Although control charts may be used to help in process improvements, specification limits determine only
the maximum and minimum values allowed.

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: In your project, you use control charts to monitor cost and schedule variances. In this context, you would
call the process "out of control" in which of the following cases:

A. Seven consecutive plot points are above the mean.

B. Point below lower control limits
C. Point exactly on the mean

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D. Seven consecutive plot points are below the mean.

1. A, B and C
2. Only A and B
3. A, B and D
4. Only B

Justification: A process is considered out of control when: (1) a data point exceeds a control limit; (2) seven
consecutive plot points are above the mean; or (3) seven consecutive plot points are below the mean.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide Fifth Edition, page 238

PMstudy.com study notes: When a point is on mean, then it is within the control limits, which in turn means that the
process is in control. In all other situations, the process is "out of control".

Correct Answer: # 2

Question: If you compare your project within the same application area as a basis for measuring performance,
then it is also called:

1. Design of experiments
2. Benchmarking
3. Organizational process assets
4. Functional organization comparison

Justification: Benchmarking involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of comparable
projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
These other projects can be within the performing organization or outside of it and can be within the same or in
another application area.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 239

Correct Answer: # 4

Question: You are monitoring the technical performance of your website. Past data on the number of users and
their experience helps you forecast how your website would perform if the number of users increases in the future.
This is an example of:

1. Design of experiments
2. Control chart
3. Organizational process assets

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4. Trend analysis

Justification: Trend Analysis. An analytical technique that uses mathematical models to forecast future outcomes
based on historical results. It is a method of determining the variance from a baseline of a budget, cost, schedule, or
scope parameter by using prior progress reporting periods’ data and projecting how much that parameter’s variance
from baseline might be at some future point in the project if no changes are made in executing the project.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 566

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: In a scatter diagram, if points are close to the diagonal line, it indicates that:

1. Scatter diagram has some erroneous data

2. Three variables are closely correlated
3. Independent and dependent variables are related
4. No inference can be made from the analysis

Justification: A scatter diagram shows the relationship between two variables. This tool allows the quality team to
study and identify the possible relationship between changes observed in two variables. Dependent variables versus
independent variables are plotted. The closer the points are to a diagonal line, the more closely they are related.

Reference: PMstudy.com comments

Correct Answer: # 1

Question: In your project, you examine the work products to determine whether they conform to documented
standards. This includes measurements conducted at various levels to determine the quality of the product. In this
context, the appropriate tool to use is:

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1. Inspection
2. Control chart
3. Run chart
4. Histogram

Justification: An inspection is the examination of a work product to determine whether it conforms to documented
standards. The results of an inspection generally include measurements and may be conducted at any level. For
example, the results of a single activity can be inspected, or the final product of the project can be inspected.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 252

Correct Answer: # 3

Question: Which of the following statements related to precision and accuracy is correct?

1. Precise measurements are always accurate

2. Accurate measurements are always precise
3. High precision measurements have little scatter
4. Accuracy means that measurements are clustered

Justification: Precision is a measure of exactness... Accuracy is an assessment of correctness...Precise

measurements are not necessarily accurate measurements, and accurate measurements are not necessarily precise
measurements.

Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition, page 228

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