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Fats
Carbohydrate Proteins
s
Classe
Minerals s of Vitamins
Food
Fibre Water
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Excess carbohydrates stored as fat in the body.
Deficiency
Vitamins Functions Examples diseases
carrot, tomatoes, green Dry skin , night
A To promote healthy skins & eyes
vegetables blindness
Maintain healthy skin & nervous Beri-beri, Pellagra,
B yeast, liver, vegetables
system Anaemia
To increase immunity against
guavas, grapes, tomatoes, Scurvy
diseases
C
Maintain healthy skin, teeth,
citrus fruit, vegetables
gums
Maintains healthy & strong teeth Rickets, softening of
& bones bones
D milk, eggs, fish
Promotes calcium & phosphorus
& teeth
absorption
Maintain healthy reproduction seeds, nuts, egg yolk, whole
E Sterility
system grain
liver, egg yolk, green
K Blood clotting prolong bleeding
vegetables
Deficiency
Minerals Functions Examples diseases
cheese, meat, table
Sodium Maintain body fluid balance muscle cramps
salt
paralysis, weak
Potassium For nerve & muscle activities bananas, fish, meat
muscles
Maintain strong & healthy teeth &
milk, eggs, anchovies, Rickets, Osteoporosis,
Calcium bones
Helps blood clotting green vegetables prolong bleeding
Formation of haemoglobin in red blood
Iron liver, egg yolk, meat Anaemia
cell
Iodine Make the hormones of the thyroid seafood, seaweed Goitre
2
gland
Help in muscle contraction, make
Rickets, tooth decay,
Phosphorus healthy cheese, milk, eggs
bones, and teeth weak muscle
3
Rickets (stunted growth) Goitre (swollen
neck)
Balanced diet – Diet which contains all seven types of food classes in the right
quantities & proportions.
Factors Explanation Reason
babies, children, & teenagers need more Babies, children, and teenagers
Age
energy than adults more active & life process faster
Men need more energy than woman Men are more active than woman
Gender
of the same age & body size
Body Big size individuals need more energy Big size individual need more
size than small size individual energy for life process
Health Patients’ needs more energy than Patients need more energy to
condition someone who is healthy recover from diseases.
Type of Heavy work need more energy Heavy work need more
job than light work energy to perform
Climate Individual live in cold weather need more More energy required in cold weather
energy than individual live in warm weather to maintain body temperature
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Calorific value of food
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1. Digestion – process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be
absorbed by body.
Anus
Mouth Rectum
Cut & chews Large
the food into smaller intestine
molecules Small intestine
Oesophagus Channels food (bolus) to stomach through peristalsis action
Small intestine Complete the food digestion and absorb end product of digestion
1. Absorption of end product take place in small intestine through the diffusion process .
2. Length of small intestine – 6 metre. Walls of small intestine is folded to increase its surface
area.
d. Very thin so that small molecules can enter the blood capillaries.
4. Vilus or Villli – the surface of small intestine covered with millions of tiny finger-like projections.
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Reabsorption of water & defecation
2. Reabsorption of water & minerals from undigested food (e.g cellulose, fibre) take place.
4. Faeces is formed and stored in the rectum. Then, removed through anus.
1. Good eating habits – Eating nutritious food in right quantities & proportion.
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b. Consume less sugar & salt
c. Eat in moderation
c. Consume too much fat lead to high blood cholesterol and heart diseases
5. Causes of constipation – lack of water & roughage in diet. To avoid constipation, must eat
food such as fruits, vegetables, and grains .
6. Over weight/ Obesity – Excess body fat which can cause health problem such as diabetes,
hypertension, heart diseases, cancer, & failure in respiratory and excretory
systems.
8. Saturated fat is bad for body because fat will accumulate in the blood stream and cause
blockage of blood vessels and lead to heart attack and stroke.
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