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Name: Deus Lean B.

Grafane
Student number: 2014-04923
Course: BS Electrical Engineering
Section: ENG 10
Date: February 16, 2018

Note: All are conference papers not journals but with similar structure.

Krzysztof, P., Wiktor, H., Henryk N., & Wojciech, K. (2016). An influence of selected conditions on the
production of energy in photovoltaic panels based on correlation coefficients. 2016 17th
International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC) (pp. 401-406). Tatranska, Lomnica: IEEE. doi:
10.1109/CarpathianCC.2016.7501131

Through the years, the use of solar panels as renewable energy drastically increased in global
perspective as it preferred by countries due to its zero emission and competitive power output. As
scientists continue pursue to increase the efficiency of solar system through the type of solar panel and
land of installation used; anthropogenic and climatic factors are often neglected regarding to their
contribution on the efficiency on the power output of these panels. This study aims to highlight how
anthropogenic and climatic factors affects the electricity output of monocrystalline and polycrystalline
types of solar panels in Krakow, Poland. Anthropogenic factors include pollutants commonly present in
urban areas; to mention some that are considered in the study but not limited to are: sulfur dioxide (SO2),
ozone (O3) and 8h-ozone (O3-8h), nitrogen Oxide (O2) and; particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10. On the
other hand, climatic factors are naturally occurring contributors that can be in a seasonal or in a daily basis
like temperature, cloudiness (octane), wind direction and Illuminance. The data like electric output of
solar panels are obtained through the help of MATLAB/Simulink tools. Correlation procedures namely
Pearson conduct-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient are also
conducted to show the correlation among variables and the dependence of light intensity to other factors.
These correlation techniques showed some result to some both anthropogenic and climatic factors in the
paper. In Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, a very high dependency was obtained by SO2
followed by high dependency of O3 (8h), wind speed and PM 10; and only average dependence on O3 and
NO. On the other hand, the Spearman’s rank correlation shares almost the same result but with a
difference on PM 10 with a status of average dependency. Some climatic patterns caused no bearing on
correlation on light intensity like the amount cloud cover. Further result with the experiment, photovoltaic
cells show also greater efficiency with lower temperature since high temperatures on solar modules
results a lower output power. Monocrystalline type also is more efficient than polycrystalline type when
it comes to wider temperature differences and during winter.

Sreewirote, B., Noppakant, A., & Pothisarn, C. (2017). Increasing efficiency of an electricity production
system from solar energy with a method of reducing solar panel temperature. 2017
International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI) (pp. 1308-1311). Sapporo: IEEE
doi: 10.1109/ICASI.2017.7988141740

People start to switch to renewable energy like solar energy over fossil fuels, geothermal energy
and nuclear to mitigate the pollution in the planet. Renewable it is but solar panels are not perfect source
because according to multiple studies it only converts less than 20% of solar energy and the rest is
absorbed by device as heat which lessen its efficiency. This study aims to furthermore prove that fact by
conducting its own experiment about the effects of temperature on the efficiency of solar panels by
comparing a two 350W solar panels where one was set up with thermal ventilation system while the other
has none. The ventilation used is a modified vehicle ventilation system where the panels was observed
during the span of five days from 6:00am to 6:00pm. The system without ventilation system operate under
a temperature of 43-53° C with a resulting current reach between 7.2 -7.6 A; a voltage ranges from 35-
37V and a total power output of 252-281W from the solar panel. On the other hand, the system with
ventilation system generate a comparatively high output power under an operating temperature of 25-
35° C where the current reaches between 7.3-7.7A; a voltage ranges from 43-45V and total power output
of 314-346W where it reaches almost its 350W specification. Even though the current is not dependent
to temperature but on the light incident to the panel, the study concluded the power is dependent on
operating temperature since electrical properties and temperature affect the voltage.

Aly, S.P., Barth, N., Figgis, B., Essadiqi, E., Faqir, M., Ennaoui, Ahmed., & Ahzi, S, (2016). Mitigating the
effect of heat and dust to enhance solar panels efficiency. 2016 International Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) (pp. 835-841), Marrakech: IEEE. doi:
10.1109/IRSEC.2016.7983870

The efficiency-drop of solar panels especially in West Asia including Gulf countries like Qatar are
often connected to rise of solar panels’ temperature and accumulation of dust on its surface. According
to past studies, the power generation declines up to 0.65%/°C while a gram of dust on one solar cell
decrease its efficiency up to 60%. This study proposed a solution to increase the efficiency of solar panels
by building an efficient solar system design equipped with cooling system powered by a 24V D.C. blower.
The blower was designed with a decreasing diameter casing to accommodate throttle effect for enhance
cooling. The blower was placed below the level of solar panels where only the mount part of the case is
visible to allow forced convection on the surface of the panels and to blow of the dust. 3d thermal
simulation on the panels and various calculations are conducted first to predict the measured power
output on the panels. The initial prediction resulted that increasing velocity of wind increases the
efficiency of solar panels gaining power up to 48W assuming the power consumption of self-powered
blower from the solar panel and no external wind considered. The actual experiment results exceeded
the initial prediction with an increased efficiency of 30% of panels due to additional convection caused by
natural convection like winds. The proposed solution achieved its goal to increase the efficiency of solar
panel by decreasing the temperature and hindering dust accumulation.

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