Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Rev. 1
Owner: TransCanada
Prime Contractor: Ledcor Pipeline Limited
HDD Contractor: Dwayne Unger Construction Limited
TransCanada
Keystone Pipeline Project – Execution Phase
HDD Execution Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................1
1.1 Horizontal Directional Drill Procedure................................................................1
2 EXECUTION PLAN...................................................................................................2
2.1 Notifications and Permits ...................................................................................2
2.2 Identification of Buffer Zones .............................................................................2
2.3 Pre-Construction Survey....................................................................................2
2.4 Equipment on Site .............................................................................................3
2.5 Project Entry/Exit Points ....................................................................................3
2.6 Surface and Guide Casing.................................................................................4
2.7 Tracking System ................................................................................................4
2.8 Drill Fluid Pressure Report.................................................................................4
2.9 Pilot Hole ...........................................................................................................6
2.10 Reaming and Hole Opening ..............................................................................6
2.11 Drill Continuance Plan .......................................................................................6
2.12 Drill Fluid Program .............................................................................................8
2.13 Schedule............................................................................................................8
2.14 Buoyancy Control ..............................................................................................8
2.15 Pullback Procedure............................................................................................8
2.16 Cleanup & Restoration.......................................................................................9
2.17 Water Requirements..........................................................................................9
The trenchless method selected for the crossing(s) is a horizontal directional drill
(HDD) crossing technique. The following is an overview of the steps that will be
involved in the execution of the HDD crossing. It will also outline some of the
mitigative measures that will be taken to ensure the effective installation of the
proposed crossing. These measures will be in conjunction with the measures
outlined in the Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) for this project.
Equipment Summary
(Note: Equipment changes or substitutions may occur)
Drill:
- 440 Drill rig
- 440,000 lbs of thrust/pull
- 60,000 ft lbs of rotary torque.
- Anchor System: Piling and Deadman system
Or
Cleaning System:
-246 Twin Shakers
-2-10 Cones 146 Shaker
-16-4 Cleaner 146 Shaker
Auxiliary equipment:
-500 Emsco pump capable of 1.9 cubes per minute
-monel
-hevi-wate
Rig layout and site setup may vary as per the provided work space.
Sumps or buried tanks will be required on entry and exit points to contain drilling
fluids no larger than 12m in length x 3.5m wide & 1.5m in depth. Support
equipment will be required to assist in all exit side operations.
A staging area will be used to string, weld, coat, and pre-test the pipeline before
pull through. The primary staging area will be located near the exit side of the
crossing and will be contained within the existing right-of-way limits or temporary
work space.
In the event of a deviation of the drill path the Clients Representatives will be
informed, if required the drilling assembly will be pulled back to an appropriate
location in the bore path and a steering correction initiated. An annular pressure
tool will be run in conjunction with the downhole assembly directly behind the
mudmotor to ensure the proper monitoring of annular and downhole pressures.
An annular pressure graph will be in the control room for reference. For the
shorter bores a Digi-trak walk over system will be used.
Pressures reaching the upper limit of 25% over expected or falling 25% below
expected will trigger a response to take action to prevent fluid loss. The response
will be as follows:
A jetting assembly along with an annular pressure tool will be used on this pilot
bore. Real time pressures will be recorded by the drilling instrumentation system,
where an annular pressure system is not available Unger HDD will
mathematically model the drilling fluid in use and calculate the expected
standpipe pressure and a maximum permissible standpipe pressure. This data
will be available to the Client Representative at all times and will be printed every
24 hours.
While down hole cementing is rarely used, should it be required a plan with
MSDS sheets will be submitted to TransCanada for approval.
In the event that none of the above procedures are successful or considered
feasible, the hole will be abandoned, and a re-drill will be considered at a
second location if it can be determined that more favorable geotechnical
conditions exist, using the same principles and contingency plans.
As per the EPP the drill will be initiated with a water only system. If it is
determined that the drill can not be completed with a water only fluid system,
bentonite and other mud additives may be utilized as approved by
TransCanada’s representative(s).
2.13 Schedule
Mobilization 1 - 12 hr shift(s)
Rig-up 2 - 12 hr shift(s)
Pilot bore 2 - 12 hr shift(s)
20”-24” ream, 2 - 12 hr shift(s)
20”-24” swabbing 1 - 12 hr shift(s)
30”-36” ream 2 - 12 hr shift(s)
30”-36” swabbing 1 - 12 hr shift(s)
42” ream 2 - 12 hr shift(s)
42” swabbing 1 - 12 hr shift(s)
Down time and contingency 1 - 12 hr shift(s)
Pre swab 1 - 12 hr shift(s)
Pipe Pull 1 - 12 hr shift(s)
Rigout and Demobilization 1 - 12 hr shift(s)
After the swabbing ream is completed, the pull section is then attached to the
hole opener using a swivel minimizing torsion forces transmitted to the pull
section. Product pipe handling equipment will be required to assist and align the
pull section in such a manner as to reduce axial tensional loads imposed on the
pull section. It is recommended not to exceed a 14 degree exit angle to prevent
excessive tensional forces. Pullback forces will be recorded and available to the
Clients Representative during and after the pullback is complete. If required
buoyancy control maybe used during pullback operations, as the pull section is
advanced to the lowest elevation of the bore, water will be inserted into the
pipeline to achieve neutral buoyancy, reducing the tensional force required to
Volumes of both fluids and cuttings/solids for disposal can be highly variable but
are estimated at 162 m3 for fluids and 243 m3 for cuttings/solids.
A report detailing the drilling mud disposal outcomes (e.i. location, procedures,
quantities, analytical reports, etc.) will be provided to Keystone and to provincial
regulators where required.
Estimated water usage for the drill project is 170 m3. TransCanada is to provide
an approved water source.
3.1 Planning
The HDD management plan for CP Rail & Cargill has been developed to
minimize environmental impact. The HDD crossing plan meets the requirements
of the EPP. In addition to the EPP, the following mitigation measures will be
implemented during the HDD crossing of CP Rail & Cargill.
General
The HDD contractor will comply with the plan prepared for the works, except
where measures must be taken to deal with an emergency.
Deleterious Materials
Provide the HDD contractor with a level work pad, and will construct a dirt berm
around the work pad no less than 0.3 metres in height;
Equipment:
All HDD equipment arriving on location is free from engine oil, hydraulic oil, fuel,
and coolant leaks;
All HDD equipment arriving on location is free from dirt, mud, vegetative debris,
and other substances that may impact land productivity;
All fuels, lubricants, coolant, and other substances are contained, controlled,
and handled according to either Alberta or Manitoba Occupational Health
Safety regulations, the Keystone, and the HDD contractors safety policy and
procedures
Waste Management
The composition of the drilling fluid will be limited to fresh water. If required for
successful drill completion and approved by TransCanada high yield
bentonite, and/or other additives conforming to or exceeding American
Petroleum Institute and Petroleum Services Association of Canada
specifications may be used.
An MSDS sheet is maintained on the work location for all drilling fluid additives.
Any change to the HDD plan requires prior approval from Keystone.
3.2 Monitoring
The HDD contractor will monitor the drill path and ROW for frac-outs and drilling
fluid releases.
Night-time monitoring will not occur where it is deemed unsafe and hazards
cannot be addressed by proper controls.
3.3 Response
The Rig Manager is the on-site authority for the HDD contractor. The Rig
Manager has the authority to direct the rig crew, and the materials and
equipment towards the protection of the environment.
Objectives
The contingency plan outlined below has been developed and will be employed
to meet the following objectives:
The Rig Manager is responsible for implementing and maintaining all mitigation
measures unless otherwise specified.
Specific Measures
Cleanup Plan
1. Develop a cleanup plan, before drilling. The plan will be prepared with the
drill contractor in consultation with Keystone inspection staff. Acquire the
appropriate approvals to access the release area if off right-of-way and for
mud pump-off.
2. Ensure that supervisory personnel are aware of the contingency plan (EPP
Appendix F, Directional Drill Mud Release Contingency Plan) and cleanup
plan before commencement of drilling activity.
Surface Casing
3. Install surface casing at the entry point to a depth that extends beyond the
coarsest material, if warranted.
4. Install surface casing at the exit point, after completion of the pilot hole if
coarse textured near-surface deposits could interfere with drilling mud
circulation.
Mud Composition
5. The composition of drilling fluid will be limited to fresh water. If required for
successful drill completion and approved by TransCanada high yield
bentonite and other additives conforming to or exceeding American
Petroleum Institute and Petroleum Services Association of Canada
specifications may be utilized.
Drilling Sumps
Manpower
10. All of the HDD contractor manpower are available to effect an emergency
containment of seepage of drilling fluid, and will be directed by the Rig
Manager.
Monitoring
11. Supervisory personnel will be onsite at all times during drilling, reaming and
pullback operations to ensure that contingency plan measures will be
implemented immediately and effectively. Keystone will also assign
inspection personnel to the site during all phases of the drill.
12. Monitor and record the amount of fluid return to the mud tank/pit and the
amount of makeup drilling fluid required in the mixing tanks during drilling of
the pilot hole and reaming.
13. Monitor the drill path and surrounding area (i.e., within 200m minimum) for
signs of drilling mud release. The size of the area to be monitored will be
determined by evaluating geo-technical conditions (i.e., amount of fracturing,
type and depth of substrate) and drilling conditions (i.e., depth of drill path,
distance between entry and exit points). Monitoring will be on a continual
basis during drilling operations and will continue for at least 12 hours after
Response
14. Where seepage of drilling fluid migrates to the surface the Rig Manager will
initiate the emergency response plan.
Seepage
16. If seepage of drilling fluid to surface does occur, the Rig Manager will:
• Stop all drilling operations.
• Contain the seepage by erecting a sandbag and polyethylene berm (or
other fit- for-purpose material), or by digging a pit, or a combination of
both.
• Notify the Keystone Representative.
• Develop and implement a recovery and clean up plan with the Keystone
Representative.
• Assemble measurement data such as annular and/or standpipe pressure,
forward thrust pressure, and observations such as the behavior of the
return flow.
• Evaluate the measurement data and observations with the Keystone
Representative.
• Assist the Keystone Representative in developing a Continuance Plan
that satisfies the purposes of the EPP.
• Document the incident according to company procedures.
17. If the pilot bore encounters conditions that interfere with steering accuracy,
then the Rig Manager and Keystone will need to take the appropriate action
to complete the crossing. These actions could include:
• Accepting the new drill path; and/or
• Adjusting the depth of the borehole path so the drill can avoid the
problematic stratum; or
Loss of Circulation
18. If loss of circulation is encountered during the HDD, then the Rig Manager
and Keystone will need to assess the extent of fluid loss, determine its likely
cause and take the best remedial action. These actions may include:
• Determining the fluid loss acceptable and continuing to drill/ream/pull; or
• Stopping the operation, re-establishing circulation and restarting the
operation; or
• Abandoning the hole, moving over, and boring a new crossing path; or
• Abandoning the hole and requesting approval of the use of the
contingency crossing method.
Given that there are many factors to consider in determining if the HDD fails, a
full evaluation of all relevant data will be made and all reasonable options will be
considered prior to seeking approval to use the contingency plan.
Waste Management
The Contractor and the Rig Manager will put in place the following measures in
place to maintain the cleanliness of the work site.
• Store deleterious substances used in the operation and maintenance of
equipment in approved containers, and store containers in a location and
in a manner that protects them from being punctured, crushed and leaked
onto the sol or vegetation.
• Provide segregated waste disposal containers for all general waste, and
dispose of such waste.
• Provide sanitary facilities for crew.
• Backfill and stabilize any pits excavated for anchoring or containment.
• Dispose of all waste drilling fluid and drilled solids according to and in
conformance with AEUB Directive 50 and other regulatory requirements.
• Follow the waste management procedures as outlined in Appendix D, of
the Environmental Protection Plan