Danfoss From Real World Applications PDF

FROM REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS, FOR THE REAL WORLD
From Real-World Applications

for the real world
Non-binding suggestion within the framework of our general delivery and warranty conditions.
The suggestion is based on factory settings, requires proper setting of the motor data and requires subsequent verification by the user.
MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss 1

■ Why “From real-world applications, for the real world“

From real-world applications, for the real world is intended for
the specialist controller and project engineer who wish to inform
themselves about the possible applications of speed-controlled
drives. Switching suggestions with and without PID controllers
are discussed. The goal of this brochure is to illustrate ways and
methods to attain the right solution. It discusses applications
which occur frequently in practical applications using speed-
controlled drives with Danfoss frequency converters.
2
■ Table of Contents 1 Initial operation Page
Table of Contents
1.1 Start/stop, 4-pole motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Start/stop, 4-pole over-synchronous motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Start/stop, 4-pole motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Start/stop, 2-pole over-synchronous motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 Three preset speeds on three terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.6 Start/stop, motor thermistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.7 Day/night reference value switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.8 Process control, scaled in % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.9 Process control, scaled in Pa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.10 Process control, reference value adjustment according to system attributes 13
1.11 Line contactor control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.12 Remote/local switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 Application examples
2.1 Two preset speeds on two terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2 Selection of 8 fixed reference values, additive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3 Selection of 8 fixed reference values, alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4 Parameter set switching, set 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5 Parameter set switching, set 1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.6 Digital motor potentiometer, alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.7 Digital motor potentiometer, additive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.8 Digital motor potentiometer, reference value adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.9 Flying start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.10 Status messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.11 Time-based switching functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.12 Constant pressure regulation in % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.13 Constant pressure regulation in Pascal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.14 Day/night reverence value switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3 Process control
3.1 Flow rate controller - internal process controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.2 Outside air temperature controller - external controller 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4 Types of fans
4.1 Axial fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2 Radial fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.3 RPM, air volume, pressure, and rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.4 Drive design for a free-wheeling fan wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5 Drive sizing
5.1 Three-phase asynchronous motor with frequency converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2 Typical asynchronous motor data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.3 For power ratings < 4.0 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.4 For power ratings > 5.5 kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.5 Behaviour of the asynchronous motor with frequency converter . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.6 87-Hz technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6 Energy conservation
6.1 Damper system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6.2 Speed control using a frequency converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

■ Start/stop, 4-pole motor, motor thermistor

Analogue reference value terminal 53
Motor thermistor terminal 19
Alarm and motor movement
Relevant Parameters FC 100

+24 V 12
▼ Par ▼ Function ▼ Setting
+24 V 13
0-01 Language [1] German
D IN 18 Start/Stop
5-10 Terminal 18 digital input [8] Start*
D IN 19 Motor Thermistor
5-12 Terminal 27 digital input [0] No function *
COM 20
1-90 Motor thermal protection [2] Thermistor trip
D IN 27
1-93 Thermistor connection [4] Digital input 19
D IN 29
5-40.0 Relay function [9] Alarm*
D IN 32
5-40.1 Relay function [5] Motor movement*
D IN 33
1-25 Rated motor speed 1420
D IN (S.Stop) *37
*=Default setting
+10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V
Analogue Reference
COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT 39
01
Relay 1
02 Alarm
03
04
Relay 1
05 Motor running
06
■ Information/notes/remarks
Initial operation of a 4-pole three-phase asynchronous motor with thermistor for motor temperature monitoring. The maximum
frequency is limited to 50 Hz.
The frequency converter is preset (default settings) for initial operation. For energy-optimised operation, the motor must be
adjusted using the initial operation menu.
All other parameters are preset using default settings.
4
■ Start/stop, 4-pole motor, over-synchronous, motor thermistor


+24 V 12
Initial operation
+24 V 13
D IN 18 Start/Stop
COM 20
D IN 27
D IN 29
D IN 32
D IN 33
D IN (S.Stop) *37
3-03 Max. reference value 72
4-14 Max. frequency (Hz) 72
+10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
4-53 Warning speed high 2045

A IN (S201 U-I) 53
6-15 Terminal 53 72
scaled max. reference/ A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V
Analogue Reference
feedback value COM 55
A OUT 42
*=Default setting A OUT 39
01
Relay 1
02 Alarm
03
04
Relay 1
05 Motor running
06

■ Start/stop, 2-pole motor, motor thermistor

Relevante Parameter FC 100

+24 V 12
+24 V 13
D IN 18 Start/Stop
COM 20
D IN 27
D IN 29
D IN 32
D IN 33
D IN (S.Stop) *37
*=Default setting
+10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V
Analogue Reference
COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT 39
01
Relay 1
02 Alarm
03
04
Relay 1
05 Motor running
06

6
■ Start/stop, 2-pole over-synchronous motor, motor thermistor


+24 V 12
Initial operation
+24 V 13
D IN 18 Start/Stop
COM 20
D IN 27
D IN 29
D IN 32
D IN 33
D IN (S.Stop) *37
4-14 Max. frequency [Hz] 72
+10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
4-53 Warning speed high 4320

A IN (S201 U-I) 53
6-15 Terminal 53 72
scale max. reference / A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V
Analogue Reference
feedback value COM 55
*=Default setting A OUT 42
A OUT 39
01
Relay 1
02 Alarm
03
04
Relay 1
05 Motor running
06

■ 3 Preset speeds
Operation with 3 preset speeds selected via floating contacts
Relevant Parameter Settings FC 100

+24 V 12
+24 V 13
0-01 Language German
D IN 18
5-11 Input terminal 19 [6] Stop (reverse)
D IN 19
5-01 Function terminal 27 [1] Output
COM 20
5-30 Output terminal 27 [70] Logic rule 0
D IN 27
5-13 Input terminal 29 [17] Preset ref bit 0
D IN 29 Select Speed 1
13-40.0 Boolean 1 [36] Digital output 29
D IN (S.Stop) *37
13-41.0 Operation 1 [2] OR
Logic Rule 0
+10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
13-43.0 Operation 2 [2] OR

A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54
3-10.1 Preset reference value 1 Desired speed 1
COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT 39
Motor Speed Setting
01
*=Default setting
Relay 1
02
03
04
Relay 2
05
06
The preset reference values 3-10 are used. 0... 7 due to binary encoding, preset reference values 1, 2, and 4.
The speed is specified in % using the 3-02 and 3-03 limited reference value range.
The logical encoding causes a stop condition when none of the speed selection inputs are active.
8
■ Start/stop, motor thermistor


+24 V 12
Initial operation
+24 V 13
D IN 18 Start/Stop
5-12 Terminal 27 digital input [0] No function
1-90 Motor thermal protection [2] Thermistor trip *
COM 20
D IN 27
D IN 29
D IN 32
D IN 33
*=Default setting
D IN (S.Stop) *37
+10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V
Analogue Reference
COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT 39
01
Relay 1
02 Alarm
03
04
Relay 1
05 Motor running
06
Initial operation of an asynchronous three-phase motor with thermistor for motor temperature monitoring. The speed is adjusted
using an analogue steady-state 0...10 V DC signal. The output relay 1 signals all alarms which occur, and the output relay 2 signals
motor movement.

■ Day-night reference value switching

Day reference values on all weekdays, switching to night reference value 0.
Day reference value 2 on the weekend, switching to night reference value 0.

+24 V 12
+24 V 13
00-24 Display line 3 German
D IN 18 Start
00-70 Date & time 2007-11-16 ; 09:00:00
D IN 19
Monday - Friday
COM 20
23-00.0 ON time 06:00:00
D IN 27 Coasting
23-00.1 ON action [11] Selection of preset
reference value 1 D IN 29
23-00.2 OFF time 20:00:00 D IN 32
23-00.3 OFF action [10] Selection of preset D IN 33
reference value 0
D IN (S.Stop) *37
Preset reference value 0
03-10.0 40.00 %
(night)
Preset reference value 1 +10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
03-10.1 80.00 %
(day) A IN (S201 U-I) 53
Saturday - Sunday A IN (S202 U-I) 54
03-10.2 Preset reference value 2 60.00 %
COM 55
(weekend)
A OUT 42
23-00.1 ON time 08:00:00
23-01.1 ON action [12] Selection of preset A OUT 39
reference value 2 01
23-02.1 OFF time 20:00:00
Relay 1
02
23-03.1 OFF action [10] Selection of preset
03
reference value 0
04
Relay 2
*=Default setting 05
06
Terminals 18/27 are shorted. On all weekdays at 6:00 am, the preset reference value 1 (80 %) is selected, and at 8:00 pm preset
reference value 0 (40 %) is selected.
On the weekend at 8:00 am, the preset reference value 2 (60 %) is selected, and at 8:00 pm preset reference value 0 (40 %) is
selected.
10
■ Process control, scaled in %

Internal process control
Control variable terminal 54

+24 V 12
Initial operation
+24 V 13
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
Pessure
COM 20
1-00 Control method [3] PID controller
D IN 27
20-21 Reference value 1 50
D IN 29
20-94 PID integration time 0.8
D IN 32
D IN 33
*= Default setting
D IN (S.Stop) *37
+10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V
Controlled Variable
COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT 39
01
Relay 1
02
03
04
Relay 2
05
06
A standard process controller is implemented in the frequency
converter for implementation of pressure regulation. Three
parameters must be adjusted during initial operation.
1. Activation of the controller, par. 1-00 p

p
2. Internal reference value, par. 20-21 Pressure
Druck-
control
regelung
3. Integration time, par. 20-94
Par. 20-21
y
Pressure value

■ Process control, scaled in Pascal


+24 V 12
+24 V 13
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
Pressure regulation
COM 20
D IN 27
D IN 29
D IN 32
Scaling in Pascal
D IN 33
20-14 Max. reference value 2000 Pa
D IN (S.Stop) *37
Term. 54 scale max. –
6-25 2000 Pa
reference/feedback value
Reference/feedback value +10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
20-12 [72] Pa
unit A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V
Controlled Variable
*= Default setting
COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT 39
01
Relay 1
02
03
04
Relay 2
05
06
A standard process controller is implemented in the frequency
converter for implementation of pressure regulation. Three
parameters must be adjusted during initial operation. If the pressure
is to be shown on the display of the physical system in Bar, additional
parameters must be set.
p
p
Pressure
Druck-
control
regelung
1. Maximum reference/feedback value, par. 20-14
2. Term. 54 Scaling of maximum reference/feedback value, par. 6-25
Par. 20-21
y
Pressure value
12
■ Start/stop, duct compensation

Process control according to system attributes

+24 V 12
+24 V 13
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
Pressure regulation
COM 20
D IN 27
20-12 Reference/feedback value unit [71] Bar
D IN 29
D IN 32
20-93 PID proportional gain 0.5
D IN 33
D IN (S.Stop) *37
6-25 Terminal 54 scaled max. 10
reference/feedback value +10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
Duct compensation A IN (S201 U-I) 53
22-80 Flow compensation [1] Enabled A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V

Controlled Variable
22-81 Square-linear curve calculation 100 COM 55
22-84 Frequency at no-flow [Hz] 25 A OUT 42

22-86 Freq. at the design point [Hz] 50 A OUT 39
22-87 Pressure at no-flow speed 3 01

Relay 1
* = Default setting 02
03
04
Relay 1
05
06
Used in control systems with a pressure sensor installed near H
the pump. Compensation of the duct pressure loss for high con-
GDHz Pump
sumption values (control according to the system attributes). To characteristics
provide sufficient power at more distant points of consumption,
Corrected
the target pressure value for the pump controller is adjusted H ref operating point
when the function is activated. In this case the pressure follows H nann
Installation characteristics
the quadratic load characteristics. With this control method, a 0%
quadratic reduction of the target pressure value is attained si-

multaneously with a reduction in the flow rate. This means that H min
Installation characteristics
the pump can keep its operating point adjusted to the system 100%
attributes. Q nann Q

■ Start/stop, 4-pole motor, motor thermistor, line contactor control


+24 V 12
+24 V 13
D IN 18 Start/Stop
1-90 Motor thermal protection [2] Thermistor trip *
COM 20
D IN 27
Line contactor control
D IN 29
13-40 Logic rule Boolean 1 [43] [OK]-button
D IN 32
5-02 Terminal 29 function [1] Output
D IN 33
D IN (S.Stop) *37
5-31 Terminal 29 digital output [70] Logic rule 0
+10 V 50
*Optional safe stop

A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V
Analogue Reference
COM 55
*=Default setting
A OUT 42
A OUT 39
01
Relay 1
02 Alarm
03
04
Relay 2
05 Motor running
06
05
MCB107
06
When the OK button is pressed, the line contactor switches on via digital output 29. The frequency converter starts and stops using
the Start/Stop switch. An external 24V DC voltage supply (MCB107) is required for this switching mode.
14
■ Remote/local switching
Remote: Profibus, start, stop, reset, reference value
Local: Save reference value, preset speed (JOG), stop (reverse)

+24 V 12
Initial operation
+24 V 13
5-11 Terminal 19 digital input [19] Save reference value
D IN 18
5-12 Terminal 27 digital input [2] Coast (reverse)* Operating Mode
D IN 19
5-13 Terminal 29 digital input [14] Preset speed (JOG)* Remote/Local
COM 20
5-14 Terminal 32 digital input Stop (reverse)
D IN 27
3-19 Preset speed (JOG) RPM 900
D IN 29
D IN 32
*=Default setting
D IN 33
D IN (S.Stop) *37
+10 V 50
*Optional safe stop
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54
COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT 39
01
Relay 1
02
03
04
Relay 2
05
06
Remote operation:
Terminal 27 is closed; start, stop, reset, and reference values are entered via the Profibus interface.
Local operation:
Terminal 27 is closed, and terminal 19 is used for local switching of the operating mode – the current reference value is saved.
If terminal 29 is closed, the preset speed jog is active.
Terminal 32 is used to stop during remote and local operation.

■ Connection example: Two preset speeds on two terminals

Function: Coast, acknowledge, motor thermistor
Status notification: Above max. speed
Reference value: Preset reference value
Smart Logic:
Parameter Settings FC 100

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
Start/stop/acknowledge
D IN 18 Start/Stop
5-10 Terminal 18 [8] Start*
D IN 19
5-12 Terminal 27 [3] Coast/reset
D IN COM 20
FC100StartStopFreilaufQuittierungThermistorZweiFestdrehzahlen
Two preset reference values
D IN/OUT 27 Coast/Reset
5-14 Terminal 32 [16] Preset reference bit 0
D IN/OUT 29
[17] Preset reference
5-15 Terminal 33 D IN 32 Fixed Speed 1
value bit 1
3-10.1 Preset reference value [1] 50 % D IN 33 Fixed Speed 2
3-10.2 Preset reference value [2] 80 %

Warning, speed high +10 V 50
Motor Thermistor
5-40 Relay 2 [17] Above max. speed A IN (S201 U-I) 53
4-53 Warning speed high 5 RPM A IN (S202 U-I) 54
Thermistor A IN COM 55
3-15 Variable reference value [0] Disabled A OUT 42
1-90 Motor thermal protection [2] Thermistor trip A OUT COM 39
1-93 Motor thermal protection [1] Analogue input 53 COM 01

Relay 1
OUT(S) 02
*=Default setting OUT(Ö) 03

COM 04
Relay 2
OUT(S) 05 Above max. Speed
Term. 32 Term. 33 Setting OUT(Ö) 06
Preset ref. value 1 1 0 50 %

Preset ref. value 2 0 1 80 %
Two preset speeds via two terminals without binary reprogramming
Application: Replacement of dual-speed motors or motors with separate windings. A delta-Wye combination can be avoided
through the use of the frequency converter, even for higher power ratings. It should be possible to activate 2 freely selectable pre-
set speeds through control via floating contacts. A preset speed should be assigned to every contact.
Additional benefits: High starting currents no longer occur during start-up, so power supply equipment (e.g. uninterruptible power
supplies) no longer need to be oversized in this regard. For motors with PTC resistors or thermostat relays, these can be connected
directly to the converter so that no separate monitoring device is needed.
Solution: For two preset speeds, the application requirements (as described above) can be attained through corresponding para-
meter settings alone. The terminals 18, 27, 32, and 33 are used for control purposes.
16
■ Connection example: Selection of 8 preset reference values - additive

Function: Start/Stop
Status notification: Alarm, manual operation
Reference value: Preset reference value, external selection or analogue
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
Start/Stop
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19 Preset Reference Select
[16] Preset reference value
5-11 Terminal 19 D IN COM 20
bit 0
FC100AddierendFestsollwertAnalog
Manual mode notification D IN/OUT 27 Manual Operation
5-01 Terminal 27 function [1] Output D IN/OUT 29
Application examples
5-30 Terminal 27 [125] Drive in manual mode D IN 32 Preset Reference
Preset reference value selection D IN 33 Preset Reference

[17] Preset reference value
5-14 Terminal 32
bit 1
+10 V 50
[18] Preset reference value Reference
5-15 Terminal 33 A IN (S201 U-I) 53
bit 2
3-04 Reference value function [1] Additive* A IN (S202 U-I) 54
3-10 Preset reference value [0] 5 % A IN COM 55
3-10 Preset reference value [1] 15 % A OUT 42
3-10 Preset reference value [2] 25 % A OUT COM 39
3-10 Preset reference value [3] 35 % COM 01

Alarm
Relay 1
3-10 Preset reference value [4] 50 % OUT(S) 02
3-10 Preset reference value [5] 75 % OUT(Ö) 03
3-10 Preset reference value [6] 80 % COM 04

Relay 2
3-10 Preset reference value [7] 90 % OUT(S) 05
3-15 Variable reference value 1 [1] Analogue input 53* OUT(Ö) 06
*=Default setting
The example describes an application using 8 preset reference Term Term Term Term Setting
values which are added to the analogue reference value (termi- 18 19 32 33
nal 53).
Preset ref. value 0 1 0 0 0 5%
Parameter 5-01 specifies whether terminal 27 acts as an input or Preset ref. value 1 1 1 0 0 15 %
as an output. Selection of the preset reference values is done in Preset ref. value 2 1 0 1 0 25 %
accordance with the following table.
Preset ref. value 3 1 1 1 0 35 %
The alarm notification is given via the output relay 1. Preset ref. value 4 1 0 0 1 50 %
Manual mode notification is given via terminal 27. Preset ref. value 5 1 1 0 1 75 %

■ Connection example: Selection of 8 preset reference values - alternative

Function: Start/Stop
Status notification: Motor ON
Reference value: Preset reference value, external selection or analogue
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
D IN 18 Start/Stop
5-11 Terminal 19 D IN 19
value bit 0 Preset Reference Select
[15] Preset reference D IN COM 20
FC100AddierendFestsollwertAnalog
5-12 Terminal 27
value ON
D IN/OUT 27 Manual Operation
5-14 Terminal 32 D IN/OUT 29
value bit 1
[18] Preset reference D IN 32 Preset Reference
5-15 Terminal 33
value bit 2
D IN 33 Preset Reference
Preset reference value selection
3-04 Reference value function [1] Multi setup
+10 V 50
3-10 Preset reference value [0] 5% Reference
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
3-10 Preset reference value [1] 15 %
A IN (S202 U-I) 54
A IN COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT COM 39
COM 01
Relay 1
OUT(S) 02 Alarm
3-10 Preset reference value [7] 90 % OUT(Ö) 03
3-15 Variable reference value 1 [1] Analogue input 53* COM 04
Relay 2
Relay OUT(S) 05
5-40 Relay 1 [5] Motor ON OUT(Ö) 06
*=Default setting
■ Hinweise/Notizen/Anmerkungen
The example describes an application with switching from an Term Term Term Term Setting
analogue reference value to 8 preset reference values. 18 19 32 33
Preset ref. value 0 0 0 0 5%
Switching from the analogue reference value to preset reference
values is performed via terminal 27. Preset ref. value 1 1 0 0 15 %
Preset ref. value 2 0 1 0 25 %
Selection of the preset reference values is done in accordance
with the following table. Preset ref. value 3 1 1 0 35 %
The “motor on” notification is given via the output relay 1.
18
■ Connection example: Parameter setup switching – set 1 to set 2

Function: Parameter setup switching
Status notification:
Reference value: Analogue via potentiometer
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
Start/stop/parameter setup switching
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
5-12 Terminal 27 [2] Coast*
D IN COM 20
FC100Parametersatzumschaltung
5-14 Terminal 32 [23] Setup select bit 0
D IN/OUT 27 Coasting
Reference value setting
D IN/OUT 29
3-15 Variable reference value 1 [1] Analogue input 53*
D IN 32 Set-up Select
Linking setups
D IN 33
0-51 Set-up copy [2] Copy to setup 2
0-12 Link setup with [2] Setup 2
+10 V 50
3-10 Active setup [9] Multi setup Reference
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54
*=Default setting
A IN COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT COM 39
COM 01
Relay 1
OUT(S) 02
OUT(Ö) 03
COM 04
Relay 2
OUT(S) 05
OUT(Ö) 06
The selection of setups is done in accordance with the follow- Term. 32 (Bit 0)
ing table: Setup 1 0
A setup copy is not necessarily required. Alternatively, terminal Setup 2 1

32 in setup 2 (par. 0-10) can be set to setup select bit 0.
In order to switch between setups during operation, the se- Note:

tups must be linked (par. 0-12). If linking is not set up, then When setups are linked, all parameters which are marked as
switching between setups is only possible while the frequency “false” are mirrored, that is, they are the same in both setups.
converter is stopped.
All parameters which are marked as “true” can be different in
the two setups.

■ Connection example: Parameter setup switching – setup 1,2,3 & 4

Function: Parameter setup switching
Reference value: Analogue via potentiometer
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

▼ Par ▼ Funktion ▼ Setting
+24 V 13
Start/stop/parameter setup switching
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
D IN COM 20
FC100Parametersatzumschaltung4
D IN/OUT 29
D IN 32 Set-up Select
D IN 33 Set-up Selectl
Linking setups
0-51 Set-up copy [9] Copy to all
+10 V 50
0-10 Active setup [2] Setup 2 Reference
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54
0-10 Active setup [3] Setup 3
A IN COM 55
A OUT 42
0-10 Active setup [4] Setup 4
A OUT COM 39
COM 01
0-10 Active setup [9] External selection
Relay 1
OUT(S) 02
OUT(Ö) 03
*=Default setting
COM 04
Relay 2
OUT(S) 05
OUT(Ö) 06
The selection of setups is done in accordance with the follow- Term. 32 (Bit 0) Term. 33 (Bit 1)
ing table: Setup 1 0 0
A parameter setup copy (par. 0-51) is not essential. Alterna-
Setup 2 1 0
tively, terminals 32 and 33 in every setup can be set to manual
setup select. Setup 3 0 1
In order to switch between setups during operation, the se- Setup 4 1 1
tups must be linked (par. 0-12). If linking is not set up, then
switching between setups is only possible while the frequency Note:
converter is stopped. When setups are linked, all parameters which are marked as
“false” are mirrored, that is, they are the same in the linked
setups.
All parameters which are marked as “true” can be different in
the linked setups.
20
■ Connection example: Digital motor potentiometer - alternatively analogue or digital

Function: Reference value switching between analogue/digital
Reference value: Either selectable or analogue
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
Start/stop/digital potentiometer
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
D IN COM 20
5-13 Terminal 29 [19] Store reference value
5-14 Terminal 32 [21] Speed up
D IN/OUT 29
5-15 Terminal 33 [22] Speed down
D IN 32 Speed Up
D IN 33 Speed Down
+10 V 50
*=Default setting Reference
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
A IN (S202 U-I) 54
A IN COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT COM 39
COM 01
Relay 1
OUT(S) 02
OUT(Ö) 03
COM 04
Relay 2
OUT(S) 05
OUT(Ö) 06

■ Connection example: Digital motor potentiometer, additive analogue or digital

Function: Erase digital reference value
Reference value: Additive analogue or digital
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

▼ Par ▼ Funktion ▼ Setting
+24 V 13
Start/stop/digital potentiometer
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
5-12 Terminal 27 [55] Increase DigiPot
D IN COM 20
FC100AddierendDigiPotiAnalog
5-14 Terminal 32 [56] Lower DigiPot
D IN/OUT 27 Dig. Reference Up
5-15 Terminal 33 [57] Clear DigiPot
D IN/OUT 29
D IN 32 Dig. Reference Down
3-90 DigiPot step size 0.1 %
D IN 33 Dig. Reference Clear
3-91 DigiPot ramp time 1 sec.
3-92 Store at power down [0] Off*
+10 V 50
3-93 Upper limit 100 % Reference
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
3-94 Lower limit 0%
A IN (S202 U-I) 54
3-95 Ramp delay 1 s*
A IN COM 55
A OUT 42
*=Default setting
A OUT COM 39
COM 01
Relay 1
OUT(S) 02
OUT(Ö) 03
COM 04
Relay 2
OUT(S) 05
OUT(Ö) 06
The sketch shows the functionality of the digital potentiome- (Hz)
ter.
The ramp time, par. 3-91, corresponds to the nominal motor
frequency.
Parameter 3-92 can be used to specify whether the digital refe-
rence value is saved or set to zero when power is removed.
Par.3-90
Par.3-91
Par.3-95
Time
22
■ Connection example: Digital motor potentiometer, reference value adjustment

Function: Start and stop
Reference value: Adjust analogue reference value digitally
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
Start/Stop
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
D IN COM 20
5-12 Terminal 27 [55] Increase DigiPot
D IN/OUT 27 DigiPot Increase
5-14 Terminal 32 [56] Lower DigiPot
D IN/OUT 29
5-15 Terminal 33 [57] Clear DigiPot
D IN 32 DigiPot Decrease
Reference value source
D IN 33 DigiPot Clear
3-15 Variable reference value 1 Analogue input 53*
[20] Digital
3-16 Variable reference value 2 +10 V 50
potentiometer*
A IN (S201 U-I) 53 Reference
Reference value limits
3-02 Min. reference value 0 A IN (S202 U-I) 54
3-03 Maximum reference value 50 A IN COM 55
Digital motor potentiometer A OUT 42
3-90 DigiPot step size 0.1 %* A OUT COM 39
3-91 DigiPot ramp time 1 s* COM 01

Relay 1
3-92 Store at power down [0] Off* OUT(S) 02
3-93 Upper limit (from par. 3-03) 10 % OUT(Ö) 03
3-94 Lower limit (from par. 3-03) -10 % COM 04

Relay 2
3-95 Ramp delay 1 s* OUT(S) 05

OUT(Ö) 06
*=Default setting
In this application the current analogue reference value is adjusted Reference unit
by +/- 10% using the digital motor potentiometer.

P 6-15
Kl.53
Par. 3-93 upper limit - This parameter sets the maximum value Max. feedback
value
which the digital potentiometer reference value is allowed to attain.
Value adjustment
+/- 10 %
Par. 3-94 lower limit - This parameter sets the minimum value which
the digital potentiometer reference value is allowed to attain. P 6-10 P 6-11 [V]
Kl.53 Kl.53 Analog input
Min. voltage Max. voltage
Par. 3-95 Ramp Delay - This parameter can be used to enter a delay
time before the frequency converter starts to move up/down the
P 6-14
ramp after a reference value change. For a setting of 0 ms, DigiPot Kl.53
up/down is executed immediately. Min. feedback
value

■ Connection example: Flying Start

Function: Start, Stop, Fault Acknowledge
Status notification: Terminal 27
Reference value: 0...10V
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

5-10 Terminal 18 digital input [8] Start* +24 V 13
5-02 Terminal 29 function [1] Output D IN 18 Start/Stop
5-31 Terminal 29 digital output [70] Logic rule D IN 19
5-12 Terminal 27 digital input [2] Coast (reverse) COM 20 Term. 27 On
Sicherer Stopp als Option

1-71 Start delay 0 D IN 27 Motor Capture
13-40 Logic rule Boolean 1 [35] Digital input 27
D IN 29
3-15 Variable reference value 1 [1] Analogue input 53
D IN 32
D IN 33
*=Default setting
D IN (s.Stop) *37
+10 V 50
A IN (S201 U-I) 53 Analogue Reference
A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V
COM 55
A OUT 42
COM 39
01
Relay 1
02
03
04
Relay 2
05
06
A flying start is always performed when the converter is started (term. 18, 3 above, manual mode ON, auto ON, bus) and the output
frequency is zero. As soon as terminal 27 is closed, the frequency converter synchronises the output frequency with the current motor
frequency.
Start-up delay par. 1-71
The duration between a start-up signal and the actual start of acceleration can be increased by entering a time value here. During this
time a start-up function in accordance with par. 1-72 is performed.
Flying start par. 1-73
This function makes it possible to “catch” a motor which is spinning freely due to a mains drop-out, or to detect the speed of a freely
spinning motor before start-up and accelerating starting from this speed. The search direction for the flying start is linked to the set-
ting in par. 4-10, motor speed direction. Clockwise [0]: Flying start search in clockwise direction. If search is unsuccessful, a DC brake is
carried out. Both directions [2]: The flying start will first perform a search in the direction determined by the last reference value (direc-
tion). If the speed is not found, a search in the other direction is performed. If the search is unsuccessful, a DC brake will be activated
in the time set in par. 2-02, braking time. Start-up will then take place from 0 Hz. The operational state of terminal 27 is transmitted to
building automation via the digital output 29.
24
■ Connection example: Status Notification

Function: Manual mode, automatic mode, reference/feedback value and off
Status notification: Manual mode, automatic mode, reference/feedback value, stop
Reference value:
Smart Logic: Comparator, logic rules

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
Terminal 18 digital input
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
Preset reference value
D IN COM 20
FC100StartStoppMCB101
3-04 Reference value function [1] Additive*
D IN/OUT 27 Manual
D IN/OUT 29 Auto
examples
Terminal 27 digital output
D IN 32
Anwendungs-
5-01 Terminal 27 [1] Output
beispiele
D IN 33
[168] Drive in manual
Application
5-30 Terminal 27 X30COM DIN 1
mode
Terminal 29 digital output DIN 7 2
5-02 Terminal 29 [1] Output DIN 8 3
5-31 Terminal 31 [169] Drive in auto mode DIN 9 4
Terminal X30/6 digital output GND (1) 5

[8] Run on reference, no DOUT 3 (0/24V DC) 6 Reference = Actual
5-32 Terminal X30/6
warning DOUT 4 (0/24V DC) 7 Off
Logic rule 0
AOUT 2 (0/4-20mA) 8
[40] Frequency converter
1340.0 Boolean 1 +24V DC 9
stopped
Terminal X30/7 digital output COM 10
Relay 2
5-33 Terminal X30/7 [70] Logic rule 0 OUT(S) 11

OUT(Ö) 12
*=Default setting
The example describes an application with a start and stop si- Status messages
gnal as well as preset reference value. Terminal 27 Manual mode
Terminal 29 Drive in auto mode
Terminal X30/6 Run on reference / no warning
Terminal X30/7 Frequency converter stopped
Boolsch 1 Par.1340.0 Fu gestoppt

disabled
Oparator 1
Boolsch 2 Par.1342.0 FALSCH (Par.1341.0)
disabled
Oparator 2 Terminal X30/7 (Par.533)

Boolsch 3 Par.1344.0 FALSCH (Par.1343.0)
Logic rule 0

■ Connection example: Time-based switching function

Function: Reference value switching after time
Reference value: Preset reference value 1, 2
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

▼ Par ▼ Function ▼ Einstellung
+24 V 13
Display readout
D IN 18 Start/Stop
0-22 Line 1. 1 [89] Date/time
D IN 19
0-70 Time of Day 2006-09-13 11:46:32
D IN COM 20
FC100Zeitschaltfunktion
Preset reference value
D IN/OUT 27
3-10.0 Preset speed 1 100 %
D IN/OUT 29 Redox
3-10.1 Preset speed 2 50 %
D IN 32
Digital output
D IN 33
5-02 Terminal 29 [1] Output
+10 V 50
5-31 Terminal 29 [80] SL digital output A
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
Digital input
A IN (S202 U-I) 54
5-12 Terminal 27 A IN COM 55
value bit 0
Timer A OUT 42
23-00.0 Off time 20:00:00 A OUT COM 39
23-01.0 On action [38] Digital output A-On COM 01

Relay 1
23-02.0 Off time 06:00:00 OUT(S) 02
23-03.0 Off action [32] Digital output A-On OUT(Ö) 03

COM 04
Relay 2
*=Default setting OUT(S) 05

OUT(Ö) 06
The frequency converter VLT HVAC Drive is operated at a maxi-
mum reference value of 100% by default.
All days
After an adjustable time delay, digital output 29 is turned on
and activates the measurement program (redox system) to de-
termine the water quality. 50 %
As soon as the measurement result has reached the preset

100 %
quality level, the digital output (eco-mode) is turned on. 20:00 06:00
Time/h
The digital output of the measurement system is wired into di-
gital input 27 of the frequency converter and activates the set
preset reference value 2.
26
■ Connection example: Constant pressure regulation in %

Function: PI-Controller
Reference value: Reference value in %, internal
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
Process controller on
D IN 18 Start/Stopp
D IN 19
Internal reference value 1
D IN COM 20
PIDDruckProzent
20-21 Reference value 1 50 %
Optimisation
D IN/OUT 29
20-94 Integration time 5s
D IN 32
D IN 33
*=Default setting
+10 V 50
A IN (S201 U-I) 53
Schematic Reference
A IN (S202 U-I) 54
Actual
A IN COM 55
A OUT 42
A OUT COM 39
COM 01
Relay 1
p
p
Pressure
Druck-
OUT(S) 02 Alarm
control
regelung
OUT(Ö) 03
COM 04 Motor Running
Relay 2
OUT(S) 05
y OUT(Ö) 06
Par. 20-21
Pressure value
A standard process controller is implemented in the frequency Y [%]
converter for implementation of pressure regulation. Three pa-
rameters must be adjusted during initial operation. If the pres-
sure is to be shown on the display of the physical system in Bar,
additional parameters must be set. Functional diagram
p [%]
Xp = Par 2093
Xn = Par 2094

■ Connection example: Constant pressure regulation in Pascal

Function: PI-Controller
Reference value: Reference value in Pascal, internal
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
Process controller on
D IN 18 Start/Stop
D IN 19
Internal reference value 1
D IN COM 20
PIDDruckProzent
Optimisation
D IN/OUT 29
20-94 Integration time 5s
D IN 32
Scale
D IN 33
20-14 Max. reference value 1000 Pa
+10 V 50
Term. 54 scale max. –
6-25 2,000.00 A IN (S201 U-I) 53
reference/feedback value
Reference
Reference/feedback value A IN (S202 U-I) 54
20-12 [72] Pa
unit Actual
A IN COM 55
A OUT 42
* Default setting
A OUT COM 39
Schematic COM 01
Relay 1
OUT(S) 02 Alarm
OUT(Ö) 03
COM 04 Motor Running
Relay 2
OUT(S) 05
OUT(Ö) 06
p
p
Pressure
Druck-
control
regelung
y
Par. 20-21
Pressure value
A standard process controller is implemented in the frequency converter for implementation of pressure regulation. Three parame-
ters must be adjusted during initial operation. If the pressure is to be shown on the display of the physical system in Bar, additional
parameters must be set. Three additional parameters must be adjusted during initial operation.
28
■ Connection example: Day/Night Reference Value Switching

Function:
Reference value: Day reference values on all weekdays, switching to night reference value 0 Day reference value 2 on
weekends, switching to night reference value 0
Smart Logic:

+24 V 12
VLT HVAC Drive

+24 V 13
On all weekdays
D IN 18 Start/Stop
00-24 Display line 3 [89] Date/time
D IN 19
00-70 Date & time 2007-02-13 15:33
D IN COM 20
FC100TagNachtUmschaltung
23-00.0 On time 06:00:00
D IN/OUT 27 Coast/Reset
[11] Selection of preset
23-01.0 On action D IN/OUT 29
reference value 1
23-00.2 Off time 20:00:00 D IN 32
[10] Selection of preset D IN 33
23-03.0 Off action
reference value 0
+10 V 50
Preset reference value 0
03-10.0 40 % A IN (S201 U-I) 53
(night)
Preset reference value 1 A IN (S202 U-I) 54
03-10.1 80%
(day) A IN COM 55
On weekends
A OUT 42
23-00.1 On time 08:00:00
A OUT COM 39
[12] Selection of preset
23-01.1 On action COM 01
reference value 2
Relay 1
OUT(S) 02
23.02.1 Off time 20:00:00
[10] Selection of preset OUT(Ö) 03
23-03.1 Off action
reference value 0 COM 04
Relay 2
Preset reference value 2 OUT(S) 05

03-10.2 60%
(weekend)
OUT(Ö) 06
* = Default setting
Par. Mode
23-01.0 Preset Reference 1
■ Information/notes/remarks 23-03.0 Preset Reference 0
On all weekdays at 6:00 am, preset reference value 1 is selected, Par. Mode
Zeit 23-01.0 Preset Reference 1
and at 8:00 pm preset reference value 0 is selected. Par
6:00
23-00.0
20:00
23-02.0
06:00
23-00.0
Mo. - Fr.
Zeit 6:00 20:00 06:00

Par 23-00.0 23-02.0 23-00.0
Mo. - Fr.
Par. Mode
On the weekend at 8:00 am, preset reference value 2 is selected, 23-01.1 Preset Reference 2
and at 8:00 pm preset reference value 0 is selected.
Par. Mode
Zeit 23-01.1 Preset Reference 2
8:00 20:00 08:00
Par 23-00.1 23-02.1 23-00.1
Sa. - So.
Zeit 8:00 20:00 08:00
MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss Par 23-00.1 23-02.1 23-00.1 29
Sa. - So.
■ Flow rate controller ference value using parameter 20-21 in the physical unit m3/h, if
The VLT HVAC Drive series of Danfoss VLT frequency converters no external reference value signal is available.
are voltage intermediate circuit converters for nominal motor
ratings of 1.1 to 400 kW. They convert a three-phase AC network Scaling
with fixed voltage and frequency into a three-phase system with The reference variable can be scaled directly in the physical vari-
variable voltage, 3-phase 0 to mains voltage and variable fre- able m3/h using parameters 20-13, 20-14.
quency 0 to 1000 Hz. They are suitable for continuously variable
speed control of pump and fan drives with speed-dependant Process optimisation
load torque. Nowadays technical systems, especially in building Start the frequency converter and bring the system to a typical
automation and process technology engineering, have reached operating state using the reference value. Check to make sure
such a size that the manual control of these systems and the that the actual value adjusts to the reference value (this may take
processes involved is impossible. For this reason, systems which some time). Now increase the proportional gain par. 20-93 un-
allow for the automatic monitoring, switching, and control of the til the feedback signal begins to oscillate. Then reduce the value
process flow are used. This automation not only allows for safe until the feedback signal stabilises. Then reduce the proportional
operation, but also results in especially efficient use of the sy- gain by 40-60%. Reduce the integration time par. 20-94 until the
stem and therefore in a high degree of profitability. To meet the feedback signal begins oscillating again. Increase the integration
above requirements, a standard process controller is implemen- time until the feedback signal stabilises. Then increase of the in-
ted in the VLT HVAC Drive series of frequency converters. tegration time by 40-70%.
Activating the controller Checking the controller setting

The process controller (fig. 1) is only activated when process con- After optimisation is performed, the controller is optimised for
trol is set in parameter 1-00. one operating state. Operate the system at different operating
states and check the control behaviour for susceptibility to oscil-
lations through repeated starting and stopping of the frequency
n=var converter. If the system oscillates at an operating state, repeat
the optimisation and check this operating state.
p Differential pressure measurement

VLT HVAC
The differential pressure method compares the static pressure in
Drive front of the infeed nozzle to the static pressure in the infeed noz-
zle at the smallest constriction. The conservation of energy theo-
rem can be used to assign the differential pressure (difference in
the static pressures) to the flow rate as follows.
V = k • ∆pw
Flow rate control
Control variable The factor k takes the specific nozzle properties into consideration:
The control variable in the control circuit is the variable which
2
must be brought to a particular value and held there. The con- k=α•ε•A ρ
troller continuously compares the control variable to the refe-
rence variable. The controller is balanced when the control varia-
ble and the reference variable are in equilibrium at all times. The α = Flow rate number
control variable is connected to terminal 54. ε = Expansion number
A = Minimum nozzle cross-sectional area
Scaling Δpw = Differential pressure
The control variable can be scaled directly in the physical varia- ρ = Air density of 1.2kg/m3 assumed
ble m3/h using parameters 6-24, 6-25 and 20-12.
Reference variable
The reference variable is the specified value to which the control
variable is adjusted – it is often called reference value as well.
Internal reference variable

It is possible to set the reference variable through an internal re-
30
■ Parameter settings
Flow Rate Control Correcting variable
▼ Par ▼ Name ▼ Setting The heating valve (Fig. 2) is controlled via terminal X42-7 and
X42-8. The control range can be adjusted using parameters 26-
100 Control method PID-controller 41 and 26-42.
2021 Reference value 1 10000
2093 PID proportional gain 0.9 Y [%]
2094 PID integration time 5

Max. Limit
Scaling in m3/h Par 26-42 Y
▼ Par ▼ Name ▼ Setting
2001 Feedback value conversion 1 Radiziert

2012 Reference/feedback value unit m/h
Min. Limit
20-14 Max. ref. value 25000 Par 26-41
625 Term. 54 scaled. max.-ref./ 25000 Q [%]
feedback value
Heating Load
Display Readout Figure 2 – Functional diagram
020 Display line 1.1 Ref value [unit] ▼ Par ▼ Name ▼ Setting
Process control
022 Display line 1.3 Feedback value 2640 Term. X42/7 output Ext. PID process 1
[unit] 2641 Term. X42/7, output min. scaling 0
024 Display line 3 Feedback value 2642 Term. X42/7, output max. scaling 100
[unit]
■ Outside air temperature control

For outside air temperature control, the set reference value is
compared to the measured outside air temperature. If a control External PIDcontroller
difference is detected, the controller adjusts the heating valve. The extended process controller (Fig.3) is integrated into the fre-
quency converter and can be used to control external compon-
ents such as, for example, servo drives.
T Ext. Reference
P 21-13
Reference Output
M
M
P 21-15
Ext. Controller 1 P 26-40
Valve Control
Actual
P 21-14
Figure 3: External PIDcontroller 1
Ext. Reference
P 21-13 Ext. Controller 1 Output
Reference
Fresh Air Temp. P 26-40
P 21-15
Actual PI - Controller
P 21-14
Figure 1: Outside air temperature control

■ Process controller
Display readout
Activating the controller The control variable, reference value, and output signal can be
▼ Par ▼ Name ▼ Setting displayed for process optimisation.
2114 Ext. feedback value 1 Analogue input 54 ▼ Par ▼ Name ▼ Setting

2115 Ext. feedback value 22 020 Display line 1. 1 Ext. reference value 1 [unit]
2121 Ext. 1 proportional gain 0.6 022 Display line 1. 3 Ext. feedback value 1 [unit]
2122 Ext. 1 integral time 8 024 Display line 3 Ext. output 1 [%]
2640 Terminal X42/7 analogue output Ext. PID process 1
Process optimisation
Place the system into a typical operating state using the refe-
Control variable (reference value) rence value. Check to make sure that the feedback value adjusts
The control variable in the control circuit is the variable which to the reference value (this may take some time). Then increase
must be brought to a particular value and held there. The con- the proportional gain par. 21-21 until the feedback signal starts
troller continuously compares the control variable to the refe- to oscillate. Reduce the value until the reference value signal
rence variable. The controller is balanced when the control varia- stabilises. Then reduce the proportional gain by 40-60%. Reduce
ble and the reference variable are in equilibrium at all times. The the integration time par. 21-22 until the feedback value signal
control variable is connected to terminal 54. begins oscillating again. Increase the integration time until the
feedback value signal stabilises. Then increase of the integration
Scaling the control variable time by 40-70%.
The control variable can be scaled directly in the physical varia-
ble using parameters 6-24, 6-25 and 21-10. ▼ Par ▼ Name ▼ Setting
2121 Ext. 1 proportional gain 0.6

2122 Ext. 1 integration time 8
624 Terminal 54 scaled min. ref./feed- 0
back value
Checking the controller setting
625 Terminal 54 scaled max ref./feed- 50
back value After optimisation is performed, the controller is optimised for
one operating state. Operate the system at different operating
2110 Ext. ref/feedback value unit 1 °C
states and check the control behaviour for susceptibility to oscil-
lations through repeated starting and stopping of the frequency
Reference variable (reference value) converter. If the system oscillates at an operating state, repeat
The reference variable is the specified value to which the control the optimisation and check this operating state.
variable is adjusted – it is often called reference value as well.
Electrical connection
Internal reference variable U1
It is possible to set the reference variable in the physical unit X42
- 24 V DC
+ 24 V DC
through an internal reference value using parameter 21-15, if no

AIN (0..10V, NI/PT1000) 1
external reference value signal is available.
MCB109
GND 2
▼ Par ▼ Name ▼ Setting AIN (0..10V, NI/PT1000) 3
2115 Ext. reference value 1 22 4

AIN (0..10V, NI/PT1000) 5
Figure 4: Electrical connection
Y1
Scaling the reference variable
FC100MCB109GRUND
6
The reference variable can be scaled directly in the physical vari- Y (0..10V)
AOUT (0..10V) 7
able using parameters 21-10. G
8 G0
▼ Par ▼ Name ▼ Setting AOUT (0..10V) 9
2110 Ext. ref./feedback value unit 1 °C 10
AOUT (0..10V) 11
12
32
■ Types of fans ■ RPM – flow rate – pressure - efficiencyg

In ventilation technology, different demands such as low ma- The technical data of a blower wheel is highly dependant on the
nufacturing costs, high air volume, high pressure, low noise and speed. This is shown clearly in the following formulas:
high efficiency are placed on fans. To obtain optimal properties,
suitable fans must be selected for the application. There are two Index 1: Value before the speed change
fundamentally different types of fans. Index 2: Value after the speed change
Axial fans
n = fan speed in min-1 or s-1
AXIAL
t
V
m3 V1 = n1
Air Volume: SI h V2 n2
p 2
N p1 ¾ n1¾
Pressure: SIm2 p2 =¾¾ n2¾¾
Motor P 3
Axial Air Flow P1 =¾¾n1 ¾¾
Power: SI kW P2 ¾n2 ¾
Therefore a speed increase results in a large change in efficien-

cy. This can lead to motor overload, even for small increases in
speed. Reducing the speed is non-critical, since this reduces po-
wer consumption.
For this type the air moves through the fan in the axial direction. Example 1
It is designed for high air volumes and low pressure. The rela- If the speed of a fan motor is changed from 1420 min-1 to 2840
tively large blades result in a high circumferential speed, which min-1, the following new data result:
inevitably leads to high noise levels. Since the flow direction is
parallel to the motor axle, this design is very easy to assemble. n2 2840min-1 2
= 2= = 2,
n1 1420min-1 1
Radial fans
In this design the air flows from the inside to the outside over so- New flow rate: V2 = V1 • 2 = 2 • Vv
called deflector plates. The radial fan achieves higher pressures New pressure: p2 = p1 • 22 = 4 • p1
and has a smaller diameter for the same air volume, which also New power at the fan shaft and, respectively, power output of
Types of fans
makes it quieter than an axial fan. the motor: P2 = P1 • 23 = 8 • P1
Example 2
AXIAL
Power consumption is reduced to 1/8 of the original consumpti-

on. The speed of a fan is reduced from 1420 min-1 to 710 min-1
with a frequency converter. This results in significant potential
energy savings:
Motor P2 =
⎛
⎜
n2 ⎛⎜3 · P = ⎛⎜ 710min-1 ⎛⎜ 3 · P = ⎛⎜ n2 ⎛⎜3 · P
1 1 1
⎝ n1 ⎝ ⎝ 1420min-1 ⎝ ⎝ n1 ⎝
1
Axial Air Flow P2 = · P1
8
Power consumption is reduced to 1/8 of the original power ra-

ting.

Drive design for a free-wheeling fan wheel

For a free-wheeling fan wheel which is mounted directly on the
1415 min-1
motor shaft, a motor suitable for connection to a VLT HVAC Drive MMOT = • MN
should be selected. 2040 min-1
1415 min-1
Example MMOT = • 20,1Nm = 13,94 Nm
2040 min-1
A free-wheeling fan wheel with the following specifications is
selected for an application:
Fan Free-wheeling wheel Since the motor is operated at 72.08 Hz in the over-synchronous
range and power consumption remains constant, a 3.0 kW motor
Air volume 9. 000 m3/h
with a VLT HVAC Drive, FC-102P3K0, 3 kW, is sized sufficiently. As
Delta p total 716 Pa a check, the torque available at 72.08 Hz can be calculated: This
Speed 2040 min-1 shows that in the over-synchronous speed range, the size is suf-
ficient for the required fan shaft power
Shaft power 2.48 kW
The required torque Mw at the fan shaft is given by: .
PW
MW = 9550 •
nV
2,48 kW
MW = 9550 • = 11,61 Nm
2040 min-1
Fan torque: MW in Nm
Fan power output: PW in kW
Fan speed: nV in min-1
A 4-pole motor with the specifications listed in the table is se-

lected:
The motor must be operated at 72.08 Hz:
Measured Power Output Operating values at >>ILLEGIBLE<<
RPM Nm Current Frequency fn Voltage Un Power Factor Efficiency Torque Mn

Pm in kW
in min -1 In in A in Hz in V in Nm
3,0 1415 6,6/11,4 50 230/400 0,81 0,82 20,1
34
■ Three-phase asynchronous motor in frequency M/MN

converter operation
MK
Formulas for drive sizing
MA MS
That means:
MN
Power:
P=M·W P = Power [W, Nm/s]

M = Torque [Nm]
W = Radial frequency In s (2 · P · n)
n = Speed (rpm) n/nN
nK nN
nO bei 50Hz, 4-polig 1500 min-1
Torque:
bei 50Hz, 2-polig 3000 min-1
Fig. 1: Asynchronous motor torque curve for mains operation.
P P
M= =
ω 2· π·n
MA - Motor start-up torque from standstill, nominal voltage and
nominal frequency.
Matched size equation, torque: Ms - Pull up torque is the lowest torque between standstill and
breakdown speed at nominal voltage and nominal frequency.
1000 · P · 60 MK - Breakdown torque of the motor, which can be specified as a
M=
2· π·n maximum at nominal voltage and nominal frequency.
MN - The nominal torque for the motor occurs when the motor
P
M = 9550 · M = Torque [Nm] is operated at nominal voltage, nominal frequency, and nominal
n
P = Power [kW] load.
n = Speed [min-1]
Behaviour of the asynchronous motor on the frequency con-
Matched size equation, power rating: verter
During initial operation of a frequency converter, the following
M·n motor data is entered (among other things):
P=
9550
- motor voltage (rating plate) (400V in the example)
- motor frequency (rating plate) (50Hz in the example).
Idle speed is dependant on the number of pole pairs: In this way the converter knows the motor‘s U/f relationship and
is therefore able to magnetise the motor optimally at all frequen-
n0 = f · 60 n0 = No-load speed [min-1]
Types of fans
p cies between 0 Hz and the nominal frequency (50Hz), therefore
f = Mains frequency [Hz] keeping the torque constant. The converter does this by incre-
asing its output voltage as the output frequency increases. If
Typical asynchronous motor data, for power ratings < 4.0 kW: the motor is operated above 50 Hz, the converter can no longer
Voltage 230V in delta configuration, 400V in Wye configuration, increase its output voltage (since it is only supplied with 400V).
50Hz. This results in under-magnetising of the motor, which results in
reduced torque (field weakening range). Two different motor
For power ratings > 5.5 kW: operating behaviours are defined in this manner:
Voltage 400V in delta configuration, 690V in Wye configuration, 1. Operation from 0 Hz to the nominal motor frequency (50Hz),
motor start using delta-Wye to reduce start-up current. also called sub-synchronous operation. Attributes: Constant tor-
que, motor output power increases with increasing output fre-
Note that on the basis of the relationship for equivalent-power quency.
motors, motors with a higher number of pole pairs (lower speed) 2. Operation above the nominal motor frequency, also called
have higher torque. Therefore, a 2-pole motor can only generate over-synchronous or field shunting range. Attributes: Constant
half the torque of a 4-pole motor with the same power rating. motor power output (up to approx. 100Hz), with 1/n falling tor-
que.

The following figures show the motor voltage curve, motor po- Under nominal load the nominal current specified for delta-
wer curve, and the torque curve with respect to the converter configuration is drawn. If the frequency is increased to 87 Hz,
output frequency. the converter is now able to increase the output voltage as well,
thereby maintaining the optimal magnetisation of the motor.
U[V] The motor current draw (under nominal load) remains constant
despite increased voltage, since the motor’s inductive resistance
also increases due to the higher frequency. Even though the mo-
tor can generate 1.73 times its rated power at the shaft at 87 Hz,
U/f breakpoint
it is not overloaded, since the motor current still does not exceed
the nominal current specified for a delta connection. Only the
line-to-line voltage is increased from 230V to 400V. This is not
a problem for a standard motor which was tested at 1500V to
2000V. With this “technique”, the motor for a fan which has to be
operated at 87 Hz can be sized one manufactured size lower. This
results in a space and cost savings for the motor. However, the
frequency converter must be sized so that it can provide the no-
50 f[Hz] minal motor current for delta switching..
Weak-field region
U[V]
Fig. 2: Voltage-frequency curve
M[Nm] P[kW] U/f breakpoint

400V
P Nenn U/f Eckpunkt 230V

P
M Nenn 1/n M
50 87 f[Hz]
Weak-field region
Fig. 4: Voltage-frequency curve (U/f ) 87Hz

50 f[Hz]
M[Nm] P[kW]
Feldschwächbereich
Fig. 3: Torque and power output (at constant current over the
entire RPM range)
1,73 * PNenn
P
87 Hz-Technique MNenn 1/n
When a motor with a motor voltage of 230/400 V is used and M
the frequency converter is supplied with 400 volt, it is possible to PNenn
operate this motor with constant torque up to 87 Hz. This means

that, at 87 Hz, the motor power output is 1.73 times (√3) the no-
minal motor rating (which is specified at 50 Hz): P = M · 2 · π · n
50 87 f[Hz]
Method:
The motor is connected in delta configuration (230V). The con- Weak-field region
verter is programmed with the following data: Figure 5: Torque and power output (at constant current over the
entire RPM range)
- Motor voltage = 400Volt (230V · √3 )
- Motor frequency = 87 Hz (50V · √3 )
This results in an output voltage of 230 volt at an output frequen-

cy of 50 Hz, so the motor is operated at nominal conditions.
36
Quadratic torque for fan applications Torque and power output

The relationships described on the previous page describe the Current increases proportionally with frequency up to U/f break-
behaviour of a converter drive under constant torque loads. The point; beyond this the current is constant since the nominal con-
following relationships apply to a fan: verter current has been attained.
M[Nm] P[kW]
Flow rate Q~n
Torque M ~ n2
Power output P ~ n3
Due to the cubic relationship between speed and power output, 1,73 * P Nenn
P
it becomes apparent that a considerable savings in energy can M Nenn 1/n
be attained for fan applications in the partial load range. For the-
M
se applications, a frequency converter with a so-called „quadra- ~n 2
tic torque response curve“ is available. The frequency converter
does not increase its output voltage linearly, but rather quadrati-
~n 3
cally with the frequency. The motor is intentionally under-excited
and can therefore not maintain constant torque in the range of 0
to 50Hz. In this way, the cos J of the motor is kept relatively con-
stant even under low load (at low speeds). Therefore the motor is 50 f[Hz]
operated at its nominal efficiency even in the partial load range. (87)
In this way the motor power consumption
Weak-field region
Figure 7 Quadratic torque – power outputh

Paufgenommen = √3 · U · I · cos ϕ
From the curves, it is clear that the conditions in the oversynchro-
is only dependent on the voltage (increases quadratically with nous range are the same as for a converter with constant torque.
frequency) and the current (increases linearly with frequency for The converter is at its power output limit, it supplies nominal cur-
the fan). rent at maximum output voltage. The limits are therefore indica-
ted for drive dimensioning in the oversynchronous range:
The power consumption P of the motor is therefore proportional
n3, an optimal match with the load conditions is attained. The power output P remains constant (up to approx. 100Hz)
The motor voltage, torque, and power output curves are shown The torque M drops of at a rate of 1/n
in figure 6, voltage-frequency-curve (U/f ) 87Hz (values in bra-
ckets apply to 87Hz technique). The dimensioning of drives in the sub-synchronous range re-
quires closer analysis: What is the maximum possible power
output a motor can provide theoretically when connected to a
U[V] converter with quadratic torque in the sub-synchronous range?
Since the voltage U is proportional to n2, (saved in the conver-
ter) and the current I can reach the maximum converter current
(constant over the frequency range), a maximum motor power P
U/f breakpoint proportional to n3 is given.
The maximum available power is calculated as follows:
~n 2 ⎛ n[min-1] ⎛3
P[kW] = ⎜ n ⎜ · PNenn[kW]
⎝ Nenn[min-1] ⎝
This calculation applies at the first approximation. Higher motor

Drive sizing
50 f[Hz] loss due to non-optimal magnetisation is not considered.

(87)
Weak-field region
Figure 6: Voltage – frequency – curve quadratic (U/f)

Drive design examples: The following converter power rating can be calculated for con-
stant torque:
Example1:
A fan with the following specifications is selected for an appli- M·n 35,9Nm · 2150min-1
P = = = 8,1kW
9550 9550
cation:
Speed n = 2150 min-1; Power P = 10,2 kW or
The required torque is therefore: n 2150min-1

P = · PNenn = · 11kW = 8,1kW
nNenn 2930min-1
Merf = 9550 · P = 9550 · 10,2kW = 45,3Nm

n 2150min-1
Since a converter with quadratic torque is selected for this ap-
plication, the actual required power output is still lower. Speci-
Option 1, oversynchronous operation fically:
⎛ n ⎛3 ⎛ 2150min-1 ⎛3
A standard 4-pole motor with the following specifications is P= ⎜ n ⎜ · PNenn = ⎜ -1 ⎜
· 11kW = 4,35kW
⎝ Nenn ⎝ ⎝ 2930min ⎝
selected: Size 160M-4, P=11kW, U=400V, l=21.0A, Nominal
speed=1460 min-1. Nominal torque = 72.0Nm. In this case it is easier to look at the required fan torque and
compare it to the nominal torque of the motor, since the torque
The motor must be operated at: can be maximally constant in the sub- synchronous range (for
converters with constant torque). It is therefore apparent that a
2150min-1 motor with a nominal torque of 35.9 Nm cannot drive a fan with
· 50Hz = 73,6Hz
1460min-1
a torque requirement of 45.3 Nm. In this case the motor and con-
verter must be one size larger.
Since the motor is operated in the oversynchronous range where
the power output remains constant, an 11kW motor with an Option 3: 87 Hz technique
11kW frequency converter is sufficiently large. As a check, the
torque available at 73.6 Hz can be calculated again: GA standard 4-pole, 230V motor with the following specifica-
tions is selected:
MMOT = 1460min · MNenn = 1460min · 72,0Nm = 48,9Nm
-1 -1
2150min-1 2150min-1
Size 132M-4, P=7.5kW, U=230V, I=25. 3A, nominal
speed=1455min-1, nominal torque=49.2Nm
But only 45.3 Nm are required.
At 87 Hz this motor has the following nominal ratings:
This shows that sizing according to the required fan power rating
is sufficient in the oversynchronous range, since the power out- P = 7,5kW · √3 = 13kW
put remains constant (up to approx. 100 Hz). U = 230V · √3 = 400V
I = 25,3A
n = 1455-1 · √3 = 2520min-1
Option 2, sub-synchronous operation
A standard 2-pole motor with the following specifications is Nominal torque=49,2Nm

selected: Size 160M-2, P=11.0kW, U=400V, l=19.9A, Nominal
speed=2930 min-1 Nominal torque = 35.9Nm. When selecting an 11kW converter (24.0 A nominal current), the
motor actually attains the following ratings for the first approxi-
The motor must be operated at: mation (provided that the torque is proportional to the current):
2150min-1
· 50Hz = 36,7Hz 24,0A
2930min-1 M = · 49,2Nm = 46,6Nm
25,3A
24,0A
P = · 13kW = 12,3kW
25,3A
Since the motor is operated in the sub-synchronous range in
which the power output is dependant on the output frequency,
one has to calculate the power generated by the motor at 36.7
Hz.
38
Since the motor is operated in the sub-synchronous range in this

case, the power (converter with quadratic torque) is as follows:
3
⎛ -1 ⎛
P = ⎜ 2150min-1 ⎜ · 12,3kW = 7,64kW
⎝ 2520min ⎝
If a larger frequency converter is selected, the motor power out-

put at nominal speed can be increased to a maximum of 13.0
kW.
The power output at fan speed is therefore
3
⎛ -1 ⎛
P = ⎜ 2150min-1 ⎜ · 13kW = 8,07kW
⎝ 2520min ⎝
This shows that sizing in the sub-synchronous range at 50Hz or

87Hz does not make sense in this case. The reasons are readily
apparent: In the sub-synchronous range, a standard motor is not
able to provide its nominal output power, so a larger motor (and
usually also a larger converter) must be selected..
Conclusion
Sizing in the over-synchronous range makes fundamental sense,

since then the motor can always generate its nominal rated po-
wer. Intelligent converters such as the Danfoss VLT HVAC Drive are
able to operate the drive in an optimal fashion (motor magnetisa-
tion is adjusted optimally based on the load) even in the oversyn-
chronous range through use of the AEO function.
87Hz operation is beneficial when speeds near or slightly in ex-
cess of 87 Hz (up to approx. 120Hz) are used. Then the motor can
be one size smaller. It should be considered that 230V motors
with higher power ratings are not available everywhere. There is
no rule with clearly defined limits. The project engineer cannot
avoid the possibility of calculating several „drive models“ to find
the most cost-effective solution.
Drive sizing

Energy savings
Control
With Danfoss frequency converters, you quickly get energy costs Fan and Control Curve Data Fan
under control. Trouble-free retrofitting options, increased system 650
comfort and short amortisation periods are possible. 600

550
500
Existing system 450

400
Variable flow-rate system with damper 350
Pa
300
250
200
Butterfly Valve Control 150
100
50
0
n = konstant 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Variable flow-rate system with damper Butterfly Valve System

Frequency Converter
Power Consumption
Speed control using a frequency converter 18.00
Frequency converter for 18.5 kW VLT HVAC Drive, IP55 protection 16.00
category, as complete installation unit for wall or rack installation
14.00
including power choke and class B EMI filter
12.00
10.00
kW
Butterfly Valve Control 8.00
6.00
4.00
n = konstant
2.00
0.00
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Flow (%)
Variable flow-rate system with speed control
Butterfly Valve System
Amortisation
Annual Energy Consumption Frequency Converter
4,000
3,500
3,000
15,000
2,500 14,000
2,000 13,000
1,500
Payback (€)
1,000
12,000
500 11,000
0 10,000
-500
9,000
kWh
-1,000
-1,500 8,000
-2,000 7,000
-2,500
6,000
0 1 2 3 4 5
Year 5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
Duty Cycle 0
30 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
28
26
24
22
20
18
Time (%)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
flow rate (%)
40
System Data Duty Cycle Damper System FC
Design pressure: 550.00 Pa Flux (%) Time (%) Time (Hrs.) kW-h/Year kW-h/Year
Flow rate at point B: 72,000 m3/h 100 10 300 5,599 5,573
Efficiency at point B: 65 % 90 30 900 15,976 13,596
Pressure reduction: 200.00 Pa 80 20 600 10,108 7,338
AC motor data 70 10 300 4,773 2,956
Motor power rating: 18.5 kW 60 10 300 4,465 2,367
Efficiency: 90.5 % 50 10 300 4,102 1,883
FC data: 40 5 150 1,827 742
FC power rating: 18.5 kW 30 5 150 1,541 577
FC efficiency: 96.0 % 20 0 0 0 0
FC costs: € 2,100 10 0 0 0 0
Electricity:
Cost per kWh: € 0.100 Sum 3,000 48,390 35,033
Utility incentive: 0 €/kW
kWh savings 13,357
Yearly cost savings € 1,336
Energy savings
Individual system costs Cost comparison EU system

Damper system Net cost savings
Acquisition costs FC system incl. acquisition € 2,432

costs
Yearly energy costs Yearly energy costs savings € 1,336
Other yearly costs Utility incentive €0
Plus yearly tax savings €0
FC system
FC costs: Acquisition costs incl. FC costs

Acquisition costs:
Yearly energy costs: Cost savings
Other yearly costs: Basic amortisation time: 1.82 years
* Calculations are based on available data, Danfoss does not assume any responsibility for the accuracy of the provided data or the results reported above.

Notes:
42
Index
2-pole Motor. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .3, 6, 7, 35

4- pole Motor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 4, 5, 14, 34, 35
87Hs technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 3, 36
Activating the controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 11, 30, 32
Analogue reference value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 17, 18, 23, 24
System attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Drive design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 38
Automatic operation. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Axial fan. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Digital motor potentiometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 21, 22, 23
RPM-flow rate-pressure-rating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Pressure regulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 11, 12, 13, 27, 28
Energy savings. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 37, 40, 41
Extended PID controller. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Remote/local switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Preset speeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 8, 16
Preset reference value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18, 25, 26, 24
Free-wheeling fan wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 34
Reference variable.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 30, 32
Internal reference variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 32
Manual mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17, 18, 25
Motor running. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 27, 28
Flying start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 24
Motor potentiometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 21, 22, 23
Motor thermistor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16
Line contactor control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 14
Parameter setup switching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 19, 20, 21, 23
Potentiometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
Process optimisation. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 30, 32
Process control. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 11, 12, 13, 30, 31
Radial fan. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 33
Control variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 12, 13, 30, 32
Controller adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 32
Duct compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Scaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 28, 30, 31, 32
Reference/feedback value.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Reference value switching after time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Reference value adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 23
Correcting variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Day/night reference value switching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 10, 29
Above max. speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Over-synchronous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 5, 7, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39
Types of fans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 33
Flow rate control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 30, 31
Differential pressure measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Time-based switching functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 26
Outside air temperature control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 31
Status messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 25

What VLT is all about®
The drive specialist frequency converters are customised from Danfoss Drives support our cu-
Danfoss Drives is one of the leading to the respective customer require- stomers with comprehensive specia-
manufacturers of drive technology in ments and delivered fully assembled. lised knowledge about the respective
the world. Back in 1968 Danfoss pre- In this way we ensure that your VLT® application. Comprehensive consul-
sented the world’s first mass-produ- is always delivered to you with the ting and fast service add up to the
ced frequency converter for three- most current technology. optimum solution with the highest
phase AC motors and has specialised degree of reliability and availability. A
in solutions for drive applications Trust the professionals - worldwi- job is not finished until you, the cu-
ever since. Today VLT® is synonymous de stomer, are satisfied with the drive
with reliable technology, innovation In order to ensure the quality of our solution.
and know-how in drive solutions for a products at all times, Danfoss Drives
wide range of industries. oversees and monitors the develop-
ment of each major element in the
Innovative and intelligent frequen- products. The group has its own re-
cy converters search and software development
From its headquarters in Graasten, departments as well as modern pro-
Denmark, Danfoss Drives employs duction facilities for hardware, power
2000 staff in over 100 countries wor- modules, circuit boards and accesso-
king on Danfoss drive solutions in de- ries. VLT® frequency converters are
velopment, manufacturing, consul- deployed in a wide range of applica-
ting, sales and service. The modular tions all over the world. The experts
Danfoss cannot accept any liability for errors or mistakes in catalogues, brochures or other printed documents. Danfoss reserves the right to make modifications to its products without prior notification, including modifications to products
for which orders have already been placed, insofar as said modifications do not alter any technical specifications already agreed upon. All trademarks contained in this publication are the property of the respective firms. Danfoss and the
Danfoss logo are trademarks of Danfoss A/S. All rights reserved
Danfoss GmbH Danfoss Gesellschaft m.b.H. Danfoss AG

VLT Antriebstechnik VLT Antriebstechnik VLT Antriebstechnik
Carl-Legien-Straße 8 Danfoss Straße 8 Parkstrasse 6
D-63073 Offenbach A-2353 Guntramsdorf CH-4402 Frenkendorf
Telefon: +49 69 8902- 0 Telefon: +43 2236 5040 Telefon:+41 61 906 11 11
Telefax: +49 69 8902-106 Telefax: +43 2236 5040-35 Telefax: +41 61 906 11 21
www.danfoss.de/vlt www.danfoss.at/vlt www.danfoss.ch/vlt
44
MZ.AP.A1.02 VLT® ist ein Warenzeichen von Danfoss A/S Kinzlinger / 12.2007

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FROM REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS, FOR THE REAL WORLD

From Real-World Applications

MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss 1

■ Why “From real-world applications, for the real world“

■ Table of Contents 1 Initial operation Page

MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss 3

■ Start/stop, 4-pole motor, motor thermistor

Relevant Parameters FC 100

All other parameters are preset using default settings.

■ Start/stop, 4-pole motor, over-synchronous, motor thermistor

Relevant Parameters FC 100

4-53 Warning speed high 2045

All other parameters are preset using default settings.

MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss 5

■ Start/stop, 2-pole motor, motor thermistor

Relevante Parameter FC 100

■ Start/stop, 2-pole over-synchronous motor, motor thermistor

Relevant Parameters FC 100

4-53 Warning speed high 4320

All other parameters are preset using default settings.

MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss 7

Relevant Parameter Settings FC 100

13-43.0 Operation 2 [2] OR

All other parameters are preset using default settings.

■ Start/stop, motor thermistor

Relevant Parameters FC 100

All other parameters are preset using default settings.

MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss 9

■ Day-night reference value switching

Relevant Parameters FC 100

■ Process control, scaled in %

Relevant Parameters FC 100

1. Activation of the controller, par. 1-00 p

MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss 11

■ Process control, scaled in Pascal

Relevant Parameters FC 100

■ Start/stop, duct compensation

Relevant Parameters FC 100

Duct compensation A IN (S201 U-I) 53

22-80 Flow compensation [1] Enabled A IN (S202 U-I) 54 0...10V

22-84 Frequency at no-flow [Hz] 25 A OUT 42

22-87 Pressure at no-flow speed 3 01

quadratic reduction of the target pressure value is attained si-

MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss 13

■ Start/stop, 4-pole motor, motor thermistor, line contactor control

Relevant Parameters FC 100

5-40.1 Relay function [5] Motor movement*

Relevant Parameters FC 100

Terminal 32 is used to stop during remote and local operation.

MZ.03.PF.02 – VLT is a registered trademark of Danfoss 15

■ Connection example: Two preset speeds on two terminals

Parameter Settings FC 100

VLT HVAC Drive

3-10.2 Preset reference value [2] 80 %

4-53 Warning speed high 5 RPM A IN (S202 U-I) 54

3-15 Variable reference value [0] Disabled A OUT 42

1-90 Motor thermal protection [2] Thermistor trip A OUT COM 39

1-93 Motor thermal protection [1] Analogue input 53 COM 01

*=Default setting OUT(Ö) 03

OUT(S) 05 Above max. Speed

Term. 32 Term. 33 Setting OUT(Ö) 06

Preset ref. value 1 1 0 50 %

Two preset speeds via two terminals without binary reprogramming