1 Kebin A. Palmera Sepulveda 20162150013 1 Daniel S. Sogamoso Poveda 20162150302
2 Jesus Jimenez Montoya 1.2 University Francisco José de Caldas Faculty of Science and Education
1 Student's Inorganic Chemical Analysis ___________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT: The analytical gears are important sum for analytical chemistry, especially for qualitative analysis since it allows us identify cations in unknown samples by some precipitating reagents, qye they do is reacted with the cation needs be identified, resulting in a selective reaction, which analyzes the color of the precipitate or the color of the solution,order to confirm the presence of the cations being identified, in order to confirm the presence of the cations that are being identified, a series of experiments were carried out in this laboratory in which the cations of group one were separated, in order to find the cations that were contained in a problem sample. the processes due to the sample problem, a qualitative analysis was made which indicated the presence of two cations.
analytical chemistry deals with the act on a large number of species chemical characterization of the material and are commonly used to perform that responds to two important questions: separations, typically inorganic What is (the qualitative aspect) and how nature: NaOH, Na2CO3. much is presented (Quantitative). - Special reagents: those who act Qualitative analysis aims identifying the on a limited number of chemical elements or groups present in each species and are used for sample. identification tests or recognition The species identification is made by - reagents selective: those acting using a reactive xy it may be evidenced by on several species. the formation of a precipitate, complex or - Specific reagents: when they do coloration. only on a given species. Identifying a chemical species is to produce the same change in properties It is distinguished from the metals of the which is readily observable. the agent other groups by the fact that its salts do causing change is the reagent. reagents not precipitate with: HCL, H2S or (NH4) can be classified into: 2S * The resulting precipitates are white. * The coloring of the flame will be different formation of a light green precipitate, in all cases. Co+2 , Cu+2 and Ni+2. which confirms the presence of the Ni2+ cation, in the tube 3 hydrochloric acid RESULTS: (HCl) is added to regulate the pH to acid, we continue adding of 2-3 drops of ferrocyanide (Fe(CN)64-), reddish brown Cation group IV turbulence is evident indicating the cations Known Unknown presence of the Cu2+ cation, in tube 4 3-5 drops of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) are Co2+ + + added and added hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of The solution, to eliminate Cu2+ + - possible interferences of other cations, is added 3-5 drops of thiocyanate (SCN-) Ni2+ + + and 1-2 ml of acetone, evidencing the Table 1: cations obtained from the formation of a blue or greenish layer in the mother solution and the sample solution, which confirms the presence of problem the Co2+ ion. Reactions ● Co+2 In the sample problem begins by separating the solution into 4 different tubes to perform the cation test, tube 1 is added 1 ml of acetic acid to regulate the pH of the solution, then add 4 drops of dimethylglyoxime, it is evident a reddish ● Cu+2 pink precipitate which indicates the presence of the Ni2+ cation, to confirm this presence in tube 2, 1 ml of NaOH is added ● Ni+2 and instantly a green precipitate is evidenced, which confirms the presence of the Ni2+ cation in the sample problem, to show the presence of the Cu2+ ion to tube three is added 1 ml of HCl to regulate the pH of the solution, 3 drops of ferrocyanide DATA ANALYSIS: are added, a slight brown precipitate is You start by having an ammoniacal evident, which indicates the possible solution with the cations of this group, this presence of the Cu2+ ion, in tube 4, 4 solution is divided into 4 tubes of equal drops of sodium thiosulfate are added and portions in order to carry out the checks, in hydrochloric acid is added to adjust the pH the first tube acetic acid (CH3COOH) is of the solution, then 4 drops of thiocyanate added to regulate its pH in more or less and 2 ml of acetone are added, the of a 6-8, 3-5 drops of dimethylglyoxime blue or greenish layer in the solution, solution (DMG) are added, a reddish pink which confirms the presence of the Co2+ precipitate is evident which indicates the ion. presence of the Ni2+ cation, for the ANNEXES: confirmation of the nickel cation to the second tube is added 1 ml of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it is evident the Image 1: checking the cations of the known sample, precipitated Image 4: precipitate of the nickel cation 2+ 2+ colorations, Ni ,Cu . test in the mother solution, check with sodium hydroxide. CONCLUSIONS:
➔ Theoretically it is possible to confirm that the coloration of certain substances indicate the cation implicitly they have as is the example of cobalt and copper, being their colorations pink and blue respectively, when reviewing the sample problem we realize that it is blue which confirms that it can contain the Cu2+ cation. image 2: precipitate of the nickel cation ➔ It is evident that there is copper in test in the sample problem. the problem sample, the verification is made with ferrocyanide and it is a precipitated brown, which indicates the presence of copper, but it should be clarified that at the time of thinking that cations announce copper is discarded and the cobalt is rescued which his verification gave us very minimal, this was due to a close analysis of the analysts.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: ● Chang, R. Goldsby, Kenneth A. Image 3: precipitate of the nickel cation Quimica 11.edición.Mc-Graw-Hill, test in the mother solution. 2013. Mexico ● From: https://quimica.laguia2000.com/co nceptos-basicos/cations. (25 February 2018). ● From: http://ciencia-basica-experimental. net/marcha-analitica.htm.(25 February 2018).
