Questions On Transformers

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Transformer Cooling Techniques

Questions and Answers
by Manish
7-9 minutes
This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Cooling Techniques for
Transformer”.
1. Which is the most common, famous and adopted method

of cooling of a power transformer?
a) Air blast cooling
b) Natural air cooling
c) Oil cooling
d) Any of the above method can be used
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Oil acts as a best coolant material, for
transformer cooling. Due to its high efficiency as a coolant it
is most widely used in transformers. Not only same but Oil
with suitable properties can be used for various power
transformers according to their ratings.
2. Function of conservator in an electrical transformer is

__________
1 of 8 3/19/18, 7:41 AM
a) Supply cooling oil to transformer in time of need

b) Provide fresh air for cooling the transformer
c) Protect the transformer from damage when oil expends
due to heating
d) Cannot be determkned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When transformer is loaded and when ambient
temperature rises, the volume of oil inside transformer
increases as oil expands. A conservator tank properly
installed on transformer provides required space to this
expanded transformer oil. It performs another function as a
reservoir for transformer insulating oil.
3. Natural oil cooling method have some limitations due to

which it is adopted for transformers up to a rating of
____________
a) 3000 kVA
b) 1000 kVA
c) 500 kVA
d) 250 kVA
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For the transformers n higher kVA ratings can
be used with this cooling method. While transformers
having capacity beyond 5 MVA, due to some improper
limitations forced cooling is used. Natural cooling is based
on the important phenomenon seen in fluids that when oil is
heated up, moves in upward direction.
2 of 8 3/19/18, 7:41 AM
4. What is the function of spacers?

a) To insulate the coils from each other
b) To provide free passage to the cooling oil
c) To insulate coils and provide free passage
d) Cannot be determined
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The winding layers of transformer are
separated by spacers. One or more spacers are provided
here, along with at least one integrated electrical discharge
barrier extending off the central body of the spacer in the
vicinity of the area where the spacer is in contact with a
winding.
5. Which of the following is the most important quality

required for chemical in breather, so that it can be used
perfectly in an electrical transformer?
a) Ionizing air
b) Absorbing moisture
c) Cleansing the transformer oil
d) Cooling the transformer oil
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Most of the power generation plants use silica
gel breathers fitted to the conservator of oil filled
transformers. The purpose of silica gel breathers is to
absorb the moisture in the air sucked in by the transformer
during the breathing process.
6. Which chemical is used in breather?
3 of 8 3/19/18, 7:41 AM
a) Asbestos fibre
b) Silica sand
c) Sodium chloride
d) Silica gel
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In order to absorb moisture from air while
breathing process, breather chemical is used. So, breather
chemical should possess the required ability of absorbing
moisture. In all chemicals available as on today, silica gel is
most perfect and best material that can be used for such
process.
7. A transformer oil used in an electrical transformer must

be free from ________
a) Gases
b) Odour
c) Sludge
d) Moisture
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Transformer oil serves the purpose of cooling
and it also acts as an insulator between primary and
secondary winding, thus it must be free from moisture else
it will conduct electric current through it, leading to failure of
a transformer.
8. On which of the following transformer, Buchholz’s relay

can be fixed on?
a) Auto-transformers
4 of 8 3/19/18, 7:41 AM
b) Air-cooled transformers
c) Welding transformers
d) Oil cooled transformers
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Buchholz relay is used in transformers for
protection against all kinds of faults. Buchholz relay is a
famous and mostly used gas-actuated relay, which is
installed to serve its best in oil-immersed transformers. It
gives an alarm, via its electrical circuitry, if any fault occurs
in the transformer.
9. Gas is liberated due to temperature limit and due to

dissociation of transformer oil after ___________
a) 50°C
b) 80°C
c) 100°C
d) 150°C
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Gas is usually not liberated due to dissociation
of transformer oil. But when the oil temperature exceeds
1500, it dissociates and liberates. It is found that hydrogen
H2 and methane CH4 are produced in large quantity if
internal temperature of transformer rises up to 150oC to
300oC due to abnormal thermal stresses.
10. Buchholz’s relay will give warning and protection

against ___________
a) Electrical fault inside the transformer itself
5 of 8 3/19/18, 7:41 AM
b) Electrical fault outside the transformer in outgoing feeder

c) For both outside and inside faults
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Buchholz relay is used in transformers for
protection against all kinds of faults which are tend to
happen inside a transformer. It is most famous gas-
actuated relay which is installed in an oil-immersed
transformer.
11. Which of the following listed component will see and

perform according to changes in volume of transformer
cooling oil due to variation of atmospheric temperature
during day and night?
a) Conservator
b) Breather
c) Bushings
d) Buchholz relay
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Conservator is an additional tank provided with
transformer which stores oil when it gets expanded due to
temperature rise. It also serves another important purpose
that is, as a reservoir of transformer oil. Thus, at all
temperature variations of day and night transformer can
work without any problem.
12. What should be ideal volatility and ideal viscosity of the

transformer oil?
6 of 8 3/19/18, 7:41 AM
a) Low, low
b) High, high
c) Low, high
d) High, low
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Transformer oil has a low viscosity, high flash
point, high dielectric strength, high resistivity. It has a low
pour point and low volatility with good gas absorbing
properties, while It resists oxidation, sludging and
emulsification with water.
13. What is the function of breather in a transformer?

a) To provide oxygen inside the tank
b) To cool the coils during reduced load
c) To cool the transformer oil
d) To arrest flow of moisture when outside air enters the
transformer
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Most of the power generation stations use
silica gel breathers fitted to conservator of oil filled
transformers. The most used purpose of these silica gel
breathers is to arrest the moisture when the outside air is
sucked in by the transformer during the breathing process.
14. Natural air cooling method can’t be adopted because of

some unavoidable effects, beyond _______
a) 1.5 MVA
b) 5 MVA
7 of 8 3/19/18, 7:41 AM
c) 15 MVA
d) 50 MVA
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Smaller size transformers are immersed in a
tank containing transformer oil. The transformer oil because
temperature properties, which is surrounding the core and
windings gets heated, expands and moves upwards. It then
flows downwards by the inside of tank walls which cause it
to drop temperature and oil goes down to the bottom of the
tank from where it rises once again completing the
circulation cycle.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Transformers.
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of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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Transformers Questions for

Entrance Exams
by Manish
6-7 minutes
This set of Transformers Questions and Answers for

Entrance exams focuses on “No Load Operation of
Transformer”.
1. What is the no-load current drawn by transformer?

a) 0.2 to 0.5 per cent
b) 2 to 5 per cent
c) 12 to 15 per cent
d) 20 to 30 per cent
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The no load current is about 2-5% of the full
load current and it accounts for the losses in a transformer.
These no-load losses include core(iron/fixed) losses, which
contains eddy current losses & hysteresis losses and the
copper(I2*R) losses due to the no Load current.
2. Purpose of no-load test on a transformer is ___________

a) Copper loss
b) Magnetising current
1 of 6 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
c) Magnetising current and loss

d) Efficiency of the transformer
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: No-load current is little bit greater than actual
magnetizing current. Total no-load current supplied from the
source has two components, one is magnetizing current
which is utilized for magnetizing the core and other
component is consumed for compensating the core losses
in transformer.
3. No-load current in a transformer ________________

a) Lags behind the voltage by about 75°
b) Leads the voltage by about 75°
c) Lags behind the voltage by about 15°
d) Leads the voltage by about 15°
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: No-load current lags behind the voltage by an
angle which is near to 900. Thus, angle between no-load
current and magnetizing current is very small. No-load
current has another component which is in phase with
voltage.
4. Which of the following statement is true for no-load

current of the transformer?
a) has high magnitude and low power factor
b) has high magnitude and high power factor
c) has small magnitude and high power factor
d) has small magnitude and low power factor
2 of 6 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Since no-load current lags voltage by the
angle of nearly 900, power factor being equal to cosine of
the angle between current and voltage, it will be equal to
value which is near to 0. Thus, power factor will be low.
5. In no-load test we keep secondary terminals __________

a) Shorted
b) Shorted via fixed resistor
c) Open
d) Shorted via variable resistors
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In no-load test, as we don’t require any load,
we are not allowed to connect any resistor (fixed/variable)
to the transformer secondary. We don’t short the secondary
terminals either.
6. Maximum value of flux established in a transformer on

load is equal to _________
a) E1/ (4.44*f*N1)
b) E1/ (4.44*f*N2)
c) E2/ (4.44*f*N1)
d) Cannot define
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: E1/ (4.44*f*N1). The emf induced in the
primary due to applied voltage to primary winding is equal
to change in flux with respect to time multiplied by number
3 of 6 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
of turns in the primary. So, by solving this equation we get,

E1= (4.44*f*φ*N1).
7. Induced emf in the primary of transformer is equal to

terminal voltage applied at primary.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Induced emf in the primary is approximately
equal to the applied voltage. Ideally there lies a very small
difference in the values, but it is neglected because winding
resistance in the transformer is of very small order.
8. For a linear B-H relationship, which option is correct?

a) The exciting current is equal to core loss current
b) The exciting current is equal to magnetizing current
c) The exciting current is equal to de-magnetizing current
d) The exciting current is equal to cross-magnetizing current
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For a linear B-H relationship it is assumed that,
there are no losses present in the core like eddy current
losses and hysteresis losses are neglected. Thus, core loss
current is equal to 0, which ultimately confirms exciting
current is purely magnetizing one.
9.Third harmonic current in transformer at no-load is

______________
a) 3% of exciting current
b) 10% of exciting current
4 of 6 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
c) 25% of exciting current

d) 35% of exciting current
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The effect of saturation nonlinearity is to
create a family of odd-harmonic components in the exciting
current, the predominant being the third harmonic; this may
constitute as large as 35–40% of the exciting current.
10. Ii in no-load test is responsible for ______________

a) Production of flux
b) Reactive power drawn from the supply
c) Active power drawn from the supply
d) No significance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It will be assumed here that the current Io and
its magnetizing component Im and its core-loss component
Ii are sinusoidal on equivalent rms basis. In other words, Im
is the magnetizing current and is responsible for the
production of flux, while Ii is the core-loss current
responsible for the active power being drawn from the
source to provide the hysteresis and eddy-current loss.
11. The parallel circuit model is drawn because

_________________
a) Conductance Gi accounts for core-loss current
b) Inductive susceptance Bm accounts for magnetizing
current
c) Gi for core – loss current and Bm for magnetizing current
5 of 6 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
d) Cannot say
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The parallel circuit model of exciting current
can be easily imagined wherein conductance Gi accounts
for core-loss current Ii and inductive susceptance Bm for
magnetizing current Im. Both these currents are drawn at
induced emf E1 = V1 for resistance-less, no-leakage
primary coil; even otherwise E1 =V1.

Transformers.
To practice all areas of Transformers for Entrance exams,

here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions
and Answers.
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Ideal Transformer Questions and

Answers
by Manish
7-9 minutes
This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Ideal Transformer”.
1. A transformer cannot work on the DC supply because

__________________
a) There is no need to change the DC voltage
b) A DC circuit has more losses
c) Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction are not valid
since the rate of change of flux is zero
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For DC supply the direction and the magnitude
of the supply remains constant, produced flux will be
constant. Thus, rate of change of flux through the windings
will be equal to zero. As a result, voltage at secondary will
always be equal to 0.
2. An ideal transformer has infinite primary and secondary

inductances.
1 of 8 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The primary and secondary windings have
zero resistance. It means that there is no ohmic power loss
and no resistive voltage drop in the ideal transformer. An
actual transformer has finite but small winding resistances.
3. In a transformer the resistance between its primary and

secondary is ______________
a) Zero
b) Very small
c) Cannot be predicted
d) Infinite
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Since the primary and secondary windings are
not connected to each other, one can say there exists the
resistance of infinite ohms. These windings are connected
to each other magnetically not electrically.
4. Identify the correct statement relating to the ideal

transformer.
a) no losses and magnetic leakage
b) interleaved primary and secondary windings
c) a common core for its primary and secondary windings
d) core of stainless steel and winding of pure copper metal
View Answer
Answer: a
2 of 8 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
Explanation: There is no leakage flux so that all the flux is

confined to the core and links both the windings. An actual
transformer does have a small amount of leakage flux
which can be accounted in detailed analysis by appropriate
circuit modelling.
5. An ideal transformer will have maximum efficiency at a

load such that _____________
a) copper loss = iron loss
b) copper loss < iron loss
c) copper loss > iron loss
d) cannot be determined
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Maximum efficiency of a transformer is defined
at the that values when, copper losses become completely
equal to the iron losses. In all other cases the efficiency will
be lower than the maximum value.
6. Which of the following statement regarding an ideal

single-phase transformer is incorrect? Transformer is
having a turn ratio of 1: 2 and drawing a current of 10 A
from 200 V AC supply is incorrect?
a) It’s a step-up transformer
b) Its secondary voltage is 400 V
c) Its rating is 2 kVA
d) Its secondary current is 20 A
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Since turns ratio is equal to 1:2 the
3 of 8 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
transformer will give higher voltage at secondary with

respect to the primary voltage, and current in secondary
thus will be halved. In last option current is doubled which is
opposite to the ratings given.
7. Ideal transformer core has permeability equal to _____

a) Zero
b) Non-zero finite
c) Negative
d) Infinite
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The core has infinite permeability so that zero
magnetizing current is needed to establish the requisite
amount of flux in the core. The core-loss (hysteresis as well
as eddy-current loss) is considered zero.
8.Turns ratio of the transformer is directly proportional to

____________
a) Resistance ratio
b) Currents ratio
c) Voltage ratio
d) Not proportional to any terms
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: According to the voltage expression, emf
induced in the primary is directly proportional to the change
in the flux with respect to the time and number of turns of
the primary winding. Similarly, for secondary winding.
9. Which of the following statement is correct regarding
4 of 8 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
turns ratio?
a) Current ratio and turns ratio are inverse of each other
b) Current ratio is exactly same to the voltage ratio
c) Currents ratio is exactly same to the turns ratio
d) Voltage ratio and turns ratio are inverse of each other
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Voltage ratio of transformer winding is exactly
similar to the turns ratio of transformer, while voltage ratio
and turns ratio is exactly inverse of the currents ratio.
Hence, by knowing any of these quantities on can identify
the type of transformer.
10. Which of the following is the expression for emf induced

in primary with voltage applied to primary of an ideal
transformer?
a) e=V
b) V= √2*e*cos ωt
c) e= √2*V*cos ωt
d) Cannot say
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For an ideal transformer having a primary of
N1 turns and a secondary of N2 turns on a common
magnetic core. The voltage of the source to which the
primary is connected is v = √2 V cos wt. while the
secondary is initially assumed to be an open circuited. As a
consequence, flux f is established in the core such that e =
v = N1 dφ/dt.
5 of 8 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
11. Which of the following is the wrong expression?

a) i1N1=i2N2
b) i1v1=i2v2
c) i1N2=i2N1
d) v2N1=v1N2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: According to the transformation ratio, current
flowing through the transformer is inversely proportional to
the number turns of winding and voltage applied across it.
While, voltage applied is directly proportional to the number
of turns.
12. For transformer given, turns ratio is equal to a, what will

be the impedance of primary with respect to secondary?
a) a2 times the secondary impedance
b) a times secondary impedance
c) secondary impedance/a
d) secondary impedance/a2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The ratio of impedances on primary to the
secondary is directly proportional to the inverse of square of
turns ratio of transformer. Hence primary impedance to the
secondary impedance ratio will be 1/ a2.
13. Power transformed in the ideal transformer with turns

ratio a is _______
a) a2 times primary
b) a times primary
6 of 8 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
c) primary power/ a2
d) primary power
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In an ideal transformer, voltages are
transformed in the direct ratio of turns, currents in the
inverse ratio and impedances in the direct ratio squared;
while power and VA remain unaltered. Thus, primary
power= secondary power.
14. For a transformer with primary turns 100, secondary

turns 400, if 200 V is applied at primary we will get
___________
a) 80 V at secondary
b) 800 V at secondary
c) 1600 V at secondary
d) 3200 V at secondary
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Voltage in the primary of the transformer will
get modified in the transformer secondary, according to the
number of turns. Thus, turns are modified with 4 times the
primary, we’ll get 4 times higher voltage at secondary.
15. For a transformer with primary turns 400, secondary

turns 100, if 20A current is flowing through primary, we will
get ___________
a) 80A at secondary
b) 5A at secondary
c) 800A at secondary
7 of 8 3/19/18, 7:42 AM
d) 40A at secondary
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Current in the primary of the transformer will
get modified in the transformer secondary, according to the
number of turns, in inverse proportion. Thus, turns are
modified with 1/4 times the primary, we’ll get 4 times higher
current at secondary.

Transformers.
To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
8 of 8 3/19/18, 7:42 AM

Questions On Transformers

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Transformer Cooling Techniques Questions and... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...

Transformer Cooling Techniques

This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

1. Which is the most common, famous and adopted method

2. Function of conservator in an electrical transformer is

a) Supply cooling oil to transformer in time of need

3. Natural oil cooling method have some limitations due to

4. What is the function of spacers?

5. Which of the following is the most important quality

6. Which chemical is used in breather?

7. A transformer oil used in an electrical transformer must

8. On which of the following transformer, Buchholz’s relay

9. Gas is liberated due to temperature limit and due to

10. Buchholz’s relay will give warning and protection

b) Electrical fault outside the transformer in outgoing feeder

11. Which of the following listed component will see and

12. What should be ideal volatility and ideal viscosity of the

13. What is the function of breather in a transformer?

14. Natural air cooling method can’t be adopted because of

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

Transformers Questions for

This set of Transformers Questions and Answers for

1. What is the no-load current drawn by transformer?

2. Purpose of no-load test on a transformer is ___________

c) Magnetising current and loss

3. No-load current in a transformer ________________

4. Which of the following statement is true for no-load

5. In no-load test we keep secondary terminals __________

6. Maximum value of flux established in a transformer on

of turns in the primary. So, by solving this equation we get,

7. Induced emf in the primary of transformer is equal to

8. For a linear B-H relationship, which option is correct?

9.Third harmonic current in transformer at no-load is

c) 25% of exciting current

10. Ii in no-load test is responsible for ______________

11. The parallel circuit model is drawn because

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Transformers for Entrance exams,

Ideal Transformer Questions and

This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

1. A transformer cannot work on the DC supply because

2. An ideal transformer has infinite primary and secondary

3. In a transformer the resistance between its primary and

4. Identify the correct statement relating to the ideal

Explanation: There is no leakage flux so that all the flux is

5. An ideal transformer will have maximum efficiency at a

6. Which of the following statement regarding an ideal

transformer will give higher voltage at secondary with

7. Ideal transformer core has permeability equal to _____

8.Turns ratio of the transformer is directly proportional to

9. Which of the following statement is correct regarding

10. Which of the following is the expression for emf induced

11. Which of the following is the wrong expression?

12. For transformer given, turns ratio is equal to a, what will

13. Power transformed in the ideal transformer with turns

14. For a transformer with primary turns 100, secondary

15. For a transformer with primary turns 400, secondary

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

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