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Answer: b
Explanation: In core type of the transformer, winding is
done by normal method, while in the shell type transformer,
winding is sandwiched between corresponding shells of
core material. Hence, it is sandwich type.
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a) More economical
b) Easy in construction
c) Easy to construct
d) Easy to handle
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: 3-phase transformers are also used to power
large motors and other heavy loads. A three-wire three-
phase circuit is more economical than an equivalent two-
wire single-phase circuit at the same line to ground voltage
because it uses less conductor material to transmit a given
amount of electrical power.
Answer: c
Explanation: #-phase transformers can be either
constructed by 2 methods. One is a bank of 3 single phase
transformers and another method is a single 3-phase
transformer with the primary and secondary of each phase
wound on three legs of a common core.
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Answer: a
Explanation: 3-phase transformers can be manufactured by
2 methods. The three-phase transformer unit costs about
15% less than that of a bank and furthermore, the single
unit occupies less space. There is little difference in
reliability.
Answer: b
Explanation: It is cheaper to carry spare stock of a single-
phase rather than a three-phase transformer. In
underground use (mines) a bank of single-phase units may
be preferred as it is easier to transport these units. The
bank also offers the advantage of a de-rated open-delta
operation when one single-phase unit becomes inoperative.
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Answer: c
Explanation: The 3-phase load bank is constructed by so
that all three phases are made to be connected with
together electrically. By the same time these banks form
three magnetic circuits which are independent.
Answer: d
Explanation: Tappings are provided in order to maintain the
terminal voltage across the loads within the permissible
specified limits with respect to load variations. Tappings can
be provided at phase end or neutral end of HV side. But to
maintain magnetic symmetry tappings are preferred in the
middle of the winding only.
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Answer: b
Explanation: Generally, tappings are preferred on HV side,
because the HV side is low current-high voltage side, tap
changer involves low current interruption and large
variations or small steps are possible due to more no of
turns.
Answer: a
Explanation: Flux of each limb in core type uses the other
two limbs for its return path with the three-magnetic flux’s in
the core generated by the line voltages differing in time-
phase by 120 degrees. Thus, the flux in the core remains
nearly sinusoidal, producing a sinusoidal secondary supply
voltage.
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Answer: b
Explanation: The shell-type five-limb type three-phase
transformer construction is heavier and more expensive to
build than the core-type. Five-limb cores are generally used
for very large power transformers as they can be made with
reduced height.
Answer: b
Explanation: A three-phase transformer generally has the
three magnetic circuits which are interlaced to give a
uniform distribution of the dielectric flux between the high
and low voltage windings. The exception is a three-phase
shell type transformer. In the shell type of construction,
even though the three cores are together, they are non-
interlaced.
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Answer: b
Explanation: With the unbalanced load connected to the
neutral, the neutral point shifts thereby making the three
line-to-neutral (i.e. phase) voltages unequal. The effect of
unbalanced loads can be illustrated by placing a single load
between phase (or coil) a and the neutral on the secondary
side.
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Answer: c
Explanation: Large unbalanced/balanced loads can be
handled satisfactory. The Y-D connection has no problem
with third harmonic components due to circulating currents
in D(delta). It is also more stable to unbalanced loads since
the D partially redistributes any imbalance that occurs.
Answer: b
Explanation: Scott connections are used to convert three-
phase to two-phase conversion, to start two phase motors
and two phase furnaces. It requires two single phase
transformers with adjustable tappings, one transformer is
main transformer which is centre tapped through teaser
transformer primary with a suitable number of turns to get a
balanced two-phase supply.
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Answer: a
Explanation: This is a vector group and has + 30°
displacement. Therefore, delta side leads by + 30°. So, it
can be stated that delta side is having lead of 300 over star
side because of the connections made.
Answer: a
Explanation: Star connection is formed on each side by
connecting together phase winding terminals. The voltages
of the corresponding phases (and thus of the corresponding
lines) are in phase. This is known as the 0°-connection. If
the winding terminals on secondary side are reversed, the
180°-connection is obtained.
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d) Can’t say
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The phase transformation ratio is given as x:1,
where x simply denotes the turns ratio of a transformer
given, thus, in the star/star connection we will get the same
ratios, as at a particular point, voltage reading on primary
will be proportional to secondary with x.
Answer: d
Explanation: Delta/delta connection is also called as 00-
connection as seen from the phasor diagram that primary
and secondary line voltages are in phase with each other.
By reversing connection, we can get 1800 phase shift.
Answer: a
Explanation: The phase transformation ratio is given as x:1,
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Answer: b
Explanation: When one of the transformer in delta/delta
connection is removed we get open delta connection. This
connection can handle the power of √3VI. While on the
similar line delta/delta connection can handle the power of
3VI.
Answer: d
Explanation: Star/delta connection is also called as +/-300-
connection as seen from the phasor diagram that primary
and secondary line voltages are either ahead or below by
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Answer: a
Explanation: The phase transformation ratio is given as x:1,
where x simply denotes the turns ratio of a transformer
given, thus, in the star/delta connection we will get the √3
factor in ratios, as at a particular point, voltage reading on
primary will be proportional to secondary with √3x.
Answer: b
Explanation: The phase transformation ratio is given as x:1,
where x simply denotes the turns ratio of a transformer
given, thus, in the star/delta connection we will get the 1/√3
factor in ratios, as at a particular point, voltage reading on
primary will be proportional to secondary with 1/√3x.
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transformation ratios?
a) Star/star and delta/delta
b) Star/delta and delta/star
c) Star/zig-zag star and delta/zig-zag star
d) Star/star, delta/delta and star/delta, delta/star
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Star/star and delta/delta both connections
have phase transfer ratio of x:1 and line transfer ratio also
equal to x:1, while star/zig-zag star and delta/zig-zag star
connections have line transformation ratio equal to 2/√3x:1.
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Answer: a
Explanation: In star connection with earthed neutral, the
maximum voltage of the phase winding to ground is 1/√3 or
58% of the line voltage, while in delta connection this is
equal to the line voltage in case of earthing of one of the
lines during a fault. Thus, star on HV side is cheaper.
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a) Star/delta
b) Star/star
c) Open delta/delta
d) Delta/delta
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The only positive and negative sequence
currents flow in the lines on the delta side. This could also
be achieved by star-connected primary provided the
primary and secondary star points are grounded. But this is
not recommended on account of flow of ground current for
unbalanced secondary loads.
Answer: a
Explanation: This case is economical for small HV
transformers as it minimizes the turns/phase and winding
insulation. A neutral connection is possible. However, the Y
/Y connection is rarely used because of difficulties
associated with the exciting current.
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d) High LV
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: This suits large LV transformers as it needs
more turns/phase of smaller section. A large load
unbalance can be tolerated. The absence of a star point
may be a disadvantage. This connection can operate at
58% normal rating as open-delta when one of the
transformers of the bank is removed for repairs or
maintenance.
Answer: c
Explanation: This is the most commonly used connection
for power systems. At transmission levels star connection is
on the HV side, i.e. D/Y for step-up and Y/D for step-down.
The neutral thus available is used for grounding on the HV
side.
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d) Star/delta
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: At the distribution level the D/Y transformer is
used with star on the LV side which allows mixed 3-phase
and 1-phase loads, while delta allows the flow of circulating
current to compensate for neutral current on the star side.
Answer: a
Explanation: The phase difference in third-harmonic
currents and voltages on a 3-phase system is 3 * 120° =
360° or 0° which means that these are cophasal.
Therefore, third-harmonic currents and voltages cannot be
present on the lines of a 3-phase system as these do not
add up to zero.
Answer: b
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Answer: a
Explanation: The supply voltage provides only sinusoidal
magnetizing current so that core flux is flat-topped; but the
third-harmonic emfs induced (cophasal) cause circulating
currents in deltas restoring the flux to almost sinusoidal.
Answer: d
Explanation: Because of one delta connection the same
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Answer: b
Explanation: In the case of isolated neutrals, third-harmonic
voltages are present in each phase as explained earlier.
Further, since these voltages are cophasal, no third-
harmonic voltages are present between lines. The voltage
of phase a to neutral can now be expressed as shown in
option b.
Answer: b
Explanation: While fundamental frequency voltages in the
three phases have a relative phase difference of 120°, the
third-harmonic voltages in them are cophasal (with respect
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Answer: a
Explanation: Voltage of the neutral point oscillates at
frequency 2 ω, phenomenon is known as oscillating neutral
and is highly undesirable because of which the star/star
connection with isolated neutrals is not used in practice. If
the neutrals are connected, it effectively separates the three
transformers. Third-harmonic currents can now flow via the
neutrals.
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Answer: a
Explanation: In core type transformer, the third-harmonic
fluxes in all the three limbs are simultaneously directed
upwards or downwards so that this flux must return through
air (high-reluctance path). The high reluctance path tends to
suppress the third-harmonic flux.
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Answer: a
Explanation: The phenomenon gets more complex now and
at core densities exceeding 1.5 T, the total harmonic
content (particularly fifth) is very marked in the magnetizing
current (fifth harmonic currents can flow on lines as their
relative phase difference is 5 * 120° = 600° or 120°).
Answer: a
Explanation: To reduce the strong fifth harmonic in the
magnetizing current for the star/star connection with
isolated neutral, a path must be provided through iron for
the third-harmonic flux. Hence, the use of a 5-limb core is
adopted.
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Answer: b
Explanation: According to connection of back to back test,
arrangement of three-phase transformers should be done
by keeping the fact into consideration that both of these
transformers should be identical.
Answer: c
Explanation: According to the connection arrangement for
the back-to-back test on two identical 3-phase transformers.
Then, two secondaries must be connected in phase
opposition and in proper phase sequence.
Answer: b
Explanation: Auxiliary transformer is needed in the bak to
back test as, we need to circulate the full-load current. This
transformer is connected at secondaries or at primaries of
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Answer: d
Explanation: The auxiliary transformer for circulating full-
load current is included in the circuit of the two secondaries;
it could also be included in the circuit of the primaries. Thus,
with only losses (core-loss and copper-loss) supplied from
the mains, a “heat run” test could be conducted on the
transformers.
Answer: a
Explanation: The primaries are normally excited from the
mains. Each secondary delta is opened at one junction and
a single-phase transformer can be employed to circulate
full-load current in both the deltas.
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Answer: a
Explanation: It is true as the circuit will still be closed and
the transformer will operate will lesser operating point. This
new circuit so formed is also called as open delta circuit,
which will deliver 58% of output.
Answer: a
Explanation: Three single phase transformers and one
single unit of three phase transformer will be same only,
thus, will have same rating. This is done to reduce the cost
and spacing, and to gain various other advantages.
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b) star-delta
c) star-V
d) star-delta and star-V both
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The V-V transformer can be obtained from D-D
transformer. The V-V connected transformer and D-D
connected transformers have same phase displacement, so
they only can be connected in parallel to each other.
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