RESUME APPLIED STATISTICS

Chapter 1

A. The Nature of Statics

Statistics attempt to change / interpret / manggarap information or called data from data that is
not meaningful in the sense still as it is, stacked so as not to have a meaningful and
komounikatif value. Kemudain with it is processed with statistics to be meaningful,
communicative, and accurate membnatu in decision making.

Data obtained with statistics will be a conclusion that is precise, accurate and can be held
scientifically. In addition, statistical techniques used must also be accurate. Static methods
themselves are coherently ranging from problems of collection, presentation, analysis, and
interpretation of data.
There are two ways in the management of data :

1. Quantitative data analysis is the analysis associated with calculating numbers, inputs
and outputs of numbers
2. Qualitative data analysis is an analysis based on grouping / categorizing symbols other
than numbers / verbal descriptions such as phrases, sentences. Input and output are
verbal descriptions.

B. Type of Statistics
Viewed in terms of utilization of static data management in two groups:

1. Descriptive statistics. Is a statistical technique that provides information / presents and

analyzes data to be more meaningful and communicative and accompanied by simple
calculations to clarify the state or characteristics of a data. Example: data on the number
of students, guur, employee of a school which then presented in table / polygon / graph
form.
2. Inferential statistics (inferencial statistics) or inductive statistics are statistics that
analyze the data (samples) which are then summarized and generalized to the data
popluasi was taken. Or in other words data representation of the whole analysis.
Example: the survey results data about the company's satisfaction taken from several
employees then generalized as a result of all all employees (population)

C. Concept of numbers and Scale

In statistics do not use the term numbers as a form of data, but use the term scale. Because
numbers are considered to have general meaning. Type scale in statistical calculations (nominal
scale, ordinal scale, interval scale, scale ratio).
 D. Data and data collection tools
Data is information from or about a symptom. For example the body height in the measurement
of units cm. Meanwhile, to obtain the implied data, melted, stored in the subject required a
search tool called data instrument research / instumen.

Population and sample: is the subject of research which is data to be processed ayng then used
as object analysis statistic.
Population: is all research data that has the same character
Sample: some of the population used to represent the population

 Purposive sample: is a sample taken based on certain criteria

 Random sample: each sample has the same chance to be selected and not selected to be
sample / random

E. Data distribution
Distribution of data is the intensity of data derived from the source, removed, removed from
the research subject. A subject that has a certain equation is called homogeneity, but a subject
with a certain difference is called heterogeneity.
Chapter 2

A. Type Of Data
Nominal data is a number that functions only as a substitute for the name or term of a
symptom. This scale is also called classification or category scaling, so it is also called
categorical data scale. It is the data of numbers used to classify an object, its nature, type, or
person. Thus, the numbers are merely symbols of categorization of something categorized.
Categorization is done by dividing a group into certain subgroups. However, each subgroup
must have a relationship of equivalence (equivalent) in terms or properties to be measured, and
therefore the symbols assigned to each subgroup can be exchanged.

Ordinal data is a number that in addition to functioning as a substitute for the name or title of
a symptom also shows that each symptom has an intensity difference or or high-low, but the
unit or unit of difference is absent or unclear, unexplained can not be marked, , or ignored. This
scale is also called the scale of the product. It is data showing the category of relationship level.
The usual huas used is more categories. For example larger, higher, more happy, more diligent,
and so depending on the relationships categorized. Thus, in the ordinal-scale data, in addition
to the element of similarity relations as in the nominal data, it also shows a greater relationship
than (>).

Interval data is data that has ordinal scale characteristics, but the distance between each
number is known. The numbers on the interval scale are linear with a definite distance and the
differences in that scale are in spaced (isomoriic) relationships. On an ordinal scale, if the
spacing between the rank categories is good, moderate, and less is denoted by numbers 3, 2,
and 1, the difference between numbers 3, 2, and 1 is not known for certain. Something covered
in the good category can actually be categorized as good, good, and rather good, but still better
than average.