-PRAVEEN RAMOLA

Automation
 Automation is derived from greek word “Auto”(self) and
“Matos”(moving).

 Delegation of human control function to technical equipment to

achieve:
 Higher productivity

 Superior quality of end product

 Efficient use of raw material

 Time management
Types Of Automation
 Home Automation
 E.g. Washing Machine , Microwave oven etc. Basically using
Microprocessor and
 Office Automation Microcontroller
 E.g. CCTV Cameras, Printers etc.

 Industrial Automation
 Example: Automated bottle filling stations, steel factories etc
Arousal Of Industrial Automation

PLC CONTROL

ELECTRICAL
CONTROL

MANUAL
CONTROL
RELAYS
 Relay is an electromagnetic switch which based on FARADAY’S First
law.

 Electromagnetic Switches used ,basically for one purposes mainly in

industry.
How Relays Work?

NC
C
NO
Electronic Controller
 Timer
It is used for time delay generation for the operation of
different Machinery.

 Counter

It is used for counting the no. of event.

Programmable Logic Controller
 With the coming of microprocessor & associated peripheral chips, the
whole process of control & automation underwent a radical change.

 Instead of achieving the desired control or automation through

physical wiring of control devices, in PLC it is achieved through a
program or say software.
Programmable Logic Controller
 It is digital computer used for automation of electromechnical
processes.

 As desired logic control is achieved through a program ,these

controllers are reffered to as programmable logic controller.

 It is a combination of software and hardware ,through which it

monitors input ,makes decision based on its program and controls
outputs to automate a process or machine.
How PLC work?
 Input scan

 Program Scan

 Diagnosis and communication

 Output scan
Major components of common PLC
POWER
SUPPLY

I M O M
N O U O
P D T D
PROCESSOR
U U P U
From T L U L To
SENSORS E T E OUTPUT
Pushbuttons, Solenoids,
contacts, contactors,
limit switches, alarms
etc. etc.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
Advantages of PLC
 Increased reliability

 More flexibility

 Lower cost

 Communication capability

 Faster response time

 Easier to troubleshoot
Programming Languages
 Ladder Logic Diagram

 Functional Block Diagram

 Instruction List

 Structural text

 Sequential Flow Chart

Discrete Inputs
Normally Open Pushbutton

Normally Closed Pushbutton

Normally Open switch

Normally Closed switch

Normally Open contact

Normally closed contact

Programming
 Power flows through these contacts when they are closed. The
normally open (NO) is true when the input or output status bit
controlling the contact is 1. The normally closed (NC) is true when the
input or output status bit controlling the contact is 0.

Normally Open Normally Closed

(NO) (NC)
Coil
 Coils represent relays that are energized when power flows to them.
When a coil is energized it causes a corresponding output to turn on by
changing the state of the status bit controlling the output to 1. That
same output status bit maybe used to control normally open or
normally closed contact anywhere in the program.

Output coil
Block
 Boxes represent various instructions or functions that are executed
when power flows to the box. Some of these functions are timers,
counters , compare blocks and math operations.

Block
Simple PLC program
PLC Programming Sorter Machine
SCADA
 SCADA - “Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition”

 SCADA is a type of Industrial Control System (ICS).

 It is controlling and monitoring a process.

Why SCADA?
 Saves Time and Money
 Less traveling for workers
 Reduces man-power needs
 Increases production efficiency of a company
 Cost effective for power systems
 Saves energy
 Reliable
 Supervisory control over a particular system
Components of SCADA
 HMI

 Supervisiory System

 Remote Terminal Units

 PLCs
SCADA
HMI
 HMI stands for Human Machine Interface.

 It is an interface which permits interaction between a human being and

a machine.

 HMI just a component of larger SCADA system.

VFD
 It stands for Variable Frequency Drive.

 It is for controlling the rotational speed often ac electric motor by

controlling the frequency of the electric power supply to the motor.