382909250.

xls

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 EJ-11 Casing Pressure Operated GLV Design

Pressure, psi

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

0

0.463 psi/ft

500

1000
Valve 1032'
TVD, feet

1500

Valve 1874'

2000

2500
Valve 2544'

3000
 EJ-11 Casing Pressure Operated GLV Design Design Date:
INPUT PARAMETERS: 30-Mar-18
Well: EJ-11 User Instructions: Prior to beginning the valve design process, good data should be gathered and well performance modeled using SNAP. Using SNAP, sensitivities to GLR (or gas lift rate) should be
Reservoir P, psi 835 run to create a gas lift performance curves and an incremental GOR table so a target GLR (or gas lift rate) can be chosen. Input data is in bold red italics. If you are not sure what one of the cells to
the left means, double click on it for a brief explanation. Input the date to the left first. This will tell you if you can dummy off any of the upper mandrels (see blue output below). After you have done
@TVD depth of: 3273 TDtvd
this, input the measured depths and true vertical depths of the mandrels in the MD and TVD column. Do not enter the depths of upper mandrels that will be dummied off. Valve Type should
Design BLPD (SNAP) 1000 contain the model number for the valve at that depth ( MR2-CO, BK or JR-STD , MS-1 (for CX Mandrels) or SO (for any type of screen orifice). Port size should be entered as a fraction; if the mandrel
Design GLR (SNAP) 800 has a dummy in it type dummy (the program cannot handle dummies in consecutive mandrels). For a complete listing of Valve Type and Port Size options, click the Valve Data Button. Flowing
Formation GOR 500 Gradient Pressure data should come from SNAP at your target GLR (or gaslift rate). The Setting Tubing Pressure is used to calculate the test rack opening pressure and should fall between the
flowing gradient pressure and Pt_min (closer to Pt_min), which is calculated by the spreadsheet. The Pso deltaP input is the desired pressure drop in surface opening (operating) pressure between
Water Cut, % 10
successive valves. Try to use a Pso deltaP of 25 psi if possible. Do not input a Pso deltaP for an orifice. If a mandrel contains a dummy, Pso deltaP should be zero. This value should be at least as
Vogel FBHP, psi 487.5 large as Min deltaP which is calculated. Check the diagnostics section on the bottom 1/3 of this page for helpful hints.
Vogel BLPD 1000
Gas Specific Gravity: 0.7922 of GLG
Gas CO2 Content, % 3.5 of GLG
Unloading Gradient: 0.463
Spacing safety factor: 15 psi
Kick off Pressure: 630 Pko CALCULATED PARAMETERS
Ambient Temp, °F: 85 Static Fluid Level: 1695 TVD If the annulus is empty or the formation will absorb liquid during unloading, the top unloader valve should be installed in the first
mandrel above the "Top Unloader" depth listed to the left. Other mandrels can be dummied off.
Flowing Temp, °F: 130 Top Unloader <= 2840 TVD
BHT, °F: 190 BHT Target Gaslift Rate: 350 Mcfpd
FTP, psi 100 PI (liquid) 2.22 Bbl/D/psi Pc= Thornhill
Number of Valves: 3 Rfac Pt_grad Pt_set Pt_min Tfd Po Pso Psc Pd@L Ptro_80 Craver TULAP
Flowing Setting Pso Min Min Temp Opening Surface Surface Closing Test Rack Req'd Gas Gas Gas
Diagnostic Valve Port Gradient Tubing D D Tubing @L Press. Opening Closing Press. Open Passage Passage Passage
Check MD TVD Type Size R Press. Press. P P Press. °F @L Press. Press. @L @ 80°F MSCFD MSCFD MSCFD
1043 1032 MR2-CO 0.1875 0.094 203 228 20 18 253 149 649 630 592 609 587 200 317 Err:511
2078 1874 MR2-CO 0.1875 0.094 287 304 22 19 320 164 642 610 580 611 572 200 310 Err:511
3120 2544 SO 0.25 -1 354 20 177 630 588 orifice orifice orifice 350 712 712

!@#%&>>>>>>>>> Check the required top unloader valve depth listed in the CALCULATED PARAMETERS box. You may have unnecessary unloading valves
Diagnostics
Valve Valve spacing check Pt_set check deltaP check Psc deltaP check
MD must Checks if design will transfer and Must be > Pt_grad If deltaP is < Min deltaP, A decrease of at least 10 psi in surface closing pressure
be > TVD if fewer valves could be used. and <Pt_min upper valves could reopen between successive valves is normally recommended.

EJ-11 Casing Pressure Operated GLV Design

Calculated Recommended
Ptro Ptro
Test Rack Test Rack
Port Opening Opening
Valve Size Pressure Pressure
Check MD TVD Type Inches @ 80°F @ 80°F
1043' 1032' MR2-CO 0.19 587 psi 585 psi
2078' 1874' MR2-CO 0.19 572 psi 570 psi
3120' 2544' SO 0.25 orifice orifice

382909250.xls Gas Lift Design (7-December-1995 Version) MJF

 EJ-11 Force Balance Calculations at a CHP of 1000 psi User Instructions:
User inputs number in bold-red-italics. If you
Date : 30-Mar-18 are doing force balace calculations for a just
INPUT PARAMETERS: Asheim Instability Criteria Input: completed design, use the macro button to
Well Number: EJ-11 Is the well a single or dual (S/D)?: copy your input from the design SS. If a fluid
Gas Gravity: 0.7922 SGG Casing ID, in: 6.25 valve, input port size as negative. Input valve
CO2, % 3.5 CO_2 Short String: Long String: Note: type from the following list: SO (screen
CHP, psi: 1000 670 BLPD 1000 BLPD The Macro will orifice), BK, MR2-CO, JR-STD, JR-FO, MR2-FO,
WC 10 % WC % paste in this data BKF-FO,[ MS-1 or NS (For CX mandrels)]. Click
the Show Valve Data button for more info.
FGOR 500 Scf/STB FGOR Scf/STB for the string
Port sizes should be entered as they appear in
PI 2.22 Bbl/D/psi PI Bbl/D/psi you are designing this table. If a mandrel contains a dummy
SS_API 36.5 LS_API input "dummy" in both the port size and valve
Tbg ID 2.990 in Tbg ID in type column.
Tbg OD 3.500 in Tbg OD in
F1= Err:511 F1= # of valves =0
F2= Err:511 F2= # of valves =0
SHORT STRING Thornhill-
# of valves: 3 Ppd Piod Pvc Craver TULAP
Flowing CSG Dome Gas Gas Surface Surface
Port Valve Valve Gradient Ptro Press Press Force Valve Passage Passage Opening Closing
Valves TVD Size Type R Temp Press. 80F @ Depth @ Depth Balance Position MSCFD MSCFD Press Press
Surface - - - - 1000 - - - -
Valve 1 1032 0.4 MR2-CO 0.255 119 203 590 1091 PortSize? #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Valve 2 1874 0.4 MR2-CO 0.255 144 287 575 1079 PortSize? #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Valve 3 2544 0.4 SO -1 164 354 orifice 1100 746 Orifice 3220 N/A Orifice Orifice

Err:511

LONG STRING Thornhill-

# of valves: 0 Ppd Piod Pvc Craver TULAP
Flowing CSG Dome Gas Gas Surface Surface
Port Valve Valve Gradient Ptro Press Press Force Valve Passage Passage Opening Closing
Valves TVD Size Type R Temp Press. 80F @ Depth @ Depth Balance Position MSCFD MSCFD Press Press
Surface - - - - 1000 - - - -
 382909250.xls
Short String
qo 900 BOPD
water cut 0.1 fraction
FGOR 500 SCF/Bbl
Tinj 164
Pinj 1100
spgG 0.7922
H2S 0
CO_2 3.5
N_2 0
MDinj 3120 ft
TBGid 2.99 in
TBGod 3.5 in
CSGid 6.25 in
spgO 0.8422619
spgW 1.03
qgsc #VALUE! std m^3/s qgsc #VALUE! MCFPD
qLsc 0.00184013 m^3/s qLsc 1000 BLPD
J 5.9389E-10 m^3/(s Pa) J 2.22463662 Bbl/(day psi)
E 0.9 E 0.9
port 10.16 mm port 0.400 in
glgdensc Err:511 kg/m^3 glgdensc Err:511 lb/ft^3
Bg Err:511 ResV/StdV Bg
Ai 8.1073E-05 m^2 Ai
zsc Err:511
F1 Err:511 Pc Err:511
Tc Err:511

z Err:511
API 36.5
Vt 4.31 m^3 Rs_inj point 263.666731 SCF/STB
Vc 12.92 m^3 spgGi 0.61408885
g 9.8 m/s^2 Pb 1100 psi
D 951 m Rp 500 SCF/STB
pt 7583431.11 Pa Bob Err:511
fidens Err:511 kg/m^3 Bo Err:511
glgdens Err:511 kg/m^3 Rs_b 263.66595 SCF/STB
qgi Err:511 m^3/s oildensi Err:511 lb/ft^3

382909250.xls 03/30/2018 MJF

 382909250.xls
qfi Err:511 m^3/s waterdensi 64.272 lb/ft^3
F1 Err:511 glgdens Err:511 lb/ft^3
qfi Err:511 BPD
F2 Err:511 fidens Err:511 lb/ft^3

382909250.xls 03/30/2018 MJF

 382909250.xls
Long String
qo 0 BOPD
water cut 0 fraction
FGOR 0 SCF/Bbl
Tinj 0
Pinj 0
spgG 0.7922
H2S 0
CO_2 3.5
N_2 0
MDinj 3120 ft
TBGid 0 in Bg(p, T, z, pSC, [Units] )
TBGod 0 in Bo(p, T, API, SG, pSat, [method ], [pSep ], [tSep ] )
CSGid 6.25 in pSat(T, API, SG, RsSat, [method ], [pSep ], [tSep ] )
spgO 1.076045627
spgW 1.03
qgsc 0 std m^3/s qgsc 0 MCFPD
qLsc 0 m^3/s qLsc 0 BLPD
J 0 m^3/(s Pa) J 0 Bbl/(day psi)
E 0.9 E 0.9
port 0 mm port 0.000 in
glgdensc Err:511 kg/m^3 glgdensc Err:511 lb/ft^3
Bg Err:511 ResV/StdV Bg
Ai 0 m^3 Ai
zsc Err:511
F1 Err:511 Pc Err:511
Tc Err:511

z Err:511
API 0
Vt 0.00 m^3 Rs_inj point 0 SCF/STB
Vc 12.92 m^3 spgGi 0.7922
g 9.8 m/s^2 Pb 0 psi
D 951 m Rp 0 SCF/STB
pt 0 Pa Bob Err:511
fidens Err:511 kg/m^3 Bo Err:511
glgdens Err:511 kg/m^3 Rs_b 0 SCF/STB
qgi Err:511 m^3/s oildensi Err:511 lb/ft^3
qfi Err:511 m^3/s waterdensi 64.272 lb/ft^3
F1 Err:511 glgdens Err:511 lb/ft^3
qfi Err:511 BPD
F2 Err:511 fidens Err:511 lb/ft^3

382909250.xls 03/30/2018 MJF

 382909250.xls

In some designs, it may not be possible to achieve stable flow based on Asheim's Criteria. In
fact, many wells in ONWJ probably do not have stable flow because of low liquid rates. Do not
deter this from running a new design. Your new design, even if unstable, is probably better than
the old design, which is probably also unstable.

Criteria for Gas-Lift Stability, JPT, November 1988, pp. 1452-1456,

Harald Asheim, SPE U. of Trodheim
Summary
Severe flow instability (heading or annulus heading) is known from operations of gas-lift systems. Here, two simple stability criteria are
developed and compared with reported field data. The stability problems experienced for the cases examined would have been identified with
these criteria and corrected at the design stage.

Inflow Response Criteria, F1

If the inflow rate of the heavier reservoir fluids is more sensitive to pressure than the lift gas rate,
then the average density of the flowing fluid mixture will increase in response to a decrease in
tubing pressure. This causes tubing pressure to increase again, which stabilizes flow. An F 1 of
greater than 1 usually indicates stable flow will occur.

F1 = (rgsc * Bg * qgsc^2)/qLsc * J /(E * Ai)^2 > 1

Where:
rgsc = lift gas density at standard surface conditions, kg/m^3
Bg = Formation volume factor of gas at injection point
qgsc = flow rate of lift gas at standard conditions, std m^ 3/s
qLsc = flow rate of liquids at standard conditions, std m^ 3/s.
J = Productivity index, std m^3/s*Pa
E = orifice efficiency factor , (Asheim assumes to be equal to 0.9)
Ai = injection port size, m^2

By this criterion, stability is promoted by a high flow rate of lift gas, a high productivity index and
a small injection port.

Pressure-Depletion Response Criteria, F2

If the first criteria is not fulfilled, a decrease in the tubing pressure will cause the gas flow rate to
increase more than the liquid flow rate. This will cause a decreasing tubing pressure, but will
also deplete the gas conduit pressure. If the gas conduit pressure depletes faster than the tubing 382909250.xls 03/30/2018 MJF
pressure, the pressure difference between the gas conduit and tubing will decrease, and so will
the lift gas rate. This stabilizes the flow.
 382909250.xls
Pressure-Depletion Response Criteria, F2
If the first criteria is not fulfilled, a decrease in the tubing pressure will cause the gas flow rate to
increase more than
rgsc the*liquid
* Bg flow rate.* JThis
qgsc^2)/qLsc /(E will cause a decreasing tubing pressure, but will
* Ai)^2
also deplete the gas conduit pressure. If the gas conduit pressure depletes faster than the tubing
pressure, the pressure difference between the gas conduit and tubing will decrease, and so will
the lift gas rate. This stabilizes the flow.

F2 = Vt/Vc * 1/(g * D) * pt/(rfi-rgi) * (qfi + qgi)/(qfi * (1-F1)) > 1

Where:

Vt = Tubing Volume Downstream of the gas injection point, m^ 3

Vc = Gas Conduit Volume, m^3
g = Acceleration of gravity, m/s2
D = Vertical depth to injection point, m
pt = tubing pressure, Pa
rfi = reservoir fluid density at injection point, kg/m^3
rgi = lift gas density at injection point, kg/m^3
qgi = flow rate of gas at injection point, m^3/s
qfi = flow rate of reservoir fluids at injection point, m^ 3/s

By this criterion, stability is promoted by a small gas conduit volume, a high gas flow rate and a
high inflow response ratio. A high tubing pressure, provided by higher well head back-pressure,
will be stabilizing if the downhole gas injection volume is maintained constant.

382909250.xls 03/30/2018 MJF