> data(airquality)

> attach(airquality)
> names(airquality)
[1] "Ozone" "Solar.R" "Wind" "Temp" "Month" "Day"
> plot(Month,Ozone)
150
100
Ozone

50
0

5 6 7 8 9

Month

> ozone.fit1<- lm(Ozone~.,airquality)

> plot(ozone.fit1)

Residuals vs Fitted
100

117

62
50

30
Residuals

0
-50

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Fitted values
lm(formula = Ozone ~ ., data = airquality)

1
 Normal Q-Q plot

5
117
4

62
3
Standardized residuals

30
2
1
0
-1
-2

-2 -1 0 1 2

Theoretical Quantiles
lm(formula = Ozone ~ ., data = airquality)

Scale-Location plot
117
2.0

62
1.5

30
Standardized residuals

1.0
0.5
0.0

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Fitted values
lm(formula = Ozone ~ ., data = airquality)

2
 Cook's distance plot

0.25
117
0.20
0.15
Cook's distance

62
0.10

9
0.05
0.00

0 20 40 60 80 100

Obs. number
lm(formula = Ozone ~ ., data = airquality)

> summary(ozone.fit1)

Call:
lm(formula = Ozone ~ ., data = airquality)

Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-37.014 -12.284 -3.302 8.454 95.348

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -64.11632 23.48249 -2.730 0.00742 **
Solar.R 0.05027 0.02342 2.147 0.03411 *
Wind -3.31844 0.64451 -5.149 1.23e-06 ***
Temp 1.89579 0.27389 6.922 3.66e-10 ***
Month -3.03996 1.51346 -2.009 0.04714 *
Day 0.27388 0.22967 1.192 0.23576
---
Signif. codes: 0 `***' 0.001 `**' 0.01 `*' 0.05 `.' 0.1 ` ' 1

Residual standard error: 20.86 on 105 degrees of freedom

Multiple R-Squared: 0.6249, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6071
F-statistic: 34.99 on 5 and 105 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16

Now lets try a new model

> ozone.fit2<- lm(Ozone~Wind+I(Wind^2)+Temp+I(Temp^2),airquality)

3
> ozone.fit2

Call:
lm(formula = Ozone ~ Wind + I(Wind^2) + Temp + I(Temp^2), data =
airquality)

Coefficients:
(Intercept) Wind I(Wind^2) Temp I(Temp^2)
279.99831 -12.75492 0.44873 -6.07823 0.05069

> summary(ozone.fit2)

Call:
lm(formula = Ozone ~ Wind + I(Wind^2) + Temp + I(Temp^2), data =
airquality)

Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-47.960 -11.266 -2.528 9.815 85.929

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 279.99831 106.00903 2.641 0.00945 **
Wind -12.75492 2.40170 -5.311 5.67e-07 ***
I(Wind^2) 0.44873 0.10566 4.247 4.52e-05 ***
Temp -6.07823 2.84598 -2.136 0.03490 *
I(Temp^2) 0.05069 0.01862 2.723 0.00752 **
---
Signif. codes: 0 `***' 0.001 `**' 0.01 `*' 0.05 `.' 0.1 ` ' 1

Residual standard error: 19.32 on 111 degrees of freedom

Multiple R-Squared: 0.6688, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6569
F-statistic: 56.04 on 4 and 111 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16