Design of Typical Beam

Design of Continuous Beam on typical floor of a certain building

S1 S3 S4

400
S2

S5 S6 S7 S8

S12 300
S9 S10 S11 400

S13 S14
500 400 400 500

 Depth determination

Section of the Beam

D=450mm
b=250mm
fcd=11.33Mpa

fyd=260.87Mpa

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 Concrete Cover=25mm Reinf. Bar = Φ14mm
Stirrup=Φ8mm

Exterior Span,

f ykLe
d= (0.4+0.6 )
400  a

Le 5000
= 0.85  0.85  151.78mm assume, 155mm
a 28

Overall depth, D = 155+25+7+8 = 195mm < Dused = 450mm

Interior Span,

f ykLe
d= (0.4+0.6 )
400  a
Le 4000
d = 0.85  0.85  141.667 assume, 145mm
a 24
Overall depth, D = 145+25+7+8 = 185mm < D used = 450mm

 Design for Flexural Reinforcement

Calculate minimum reinforcement for beam according to EBCS 2, 1995, it is:-

0.6 0.6
ρmin= f  300  0.002 [EBCS 2,1995 Part 2 Section 7.2.1.1]
yk

Asmin = ρbd = 0.002*250*410 = 205mm2

Design of Member T-10 left support

Moment = 119.97 KN-m

Critical moment at the face of Column = 0.9*119.97 = 107.97KN-m

M sd 107.97 * 1000
μus = 2
  0.01416
f cd * b * d 11.33 * 10 6 * 0.25 * 0.412

0.01416 < 0.2952 , It is singly reinforced beam.

From chart, Kz = 0.98 Z = Kz * d = 0.98*0.41 = 0.4018

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 M sd 107.9749 * 1000
As =   1030.122mm 2
Z * f yd 0.4018 * 260.87 *10 6

1030.122
No. of bars  6.69 assume 7 bars
153.938

Use 7Φ14 A s,provided = 1077.568mm2.

Member F-66 L,

( 4 * 40)  (3 * 79)
y' =  56.71m
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d = 450-56.71 = 393.28mm.

107.974 *1000
μus =  0.2464
11 .333 *10 6 * 0.25 * .39322

kz = 0.85 , Z =0.3342 , As= 1238.15mm2, use 8Φ14 A s provided

=1238.15mm2

Member Support Moment μus kz Z As No. A s provided

(KN-m) (mm2) of (mm2)
bars
T-10 Left 107.974 0.01416 0.85 0.3342 1238.15 1231.49
8Φ14

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 Right 89.734 0.1884 0.87 0.3419 1066.05 7 1077.568
Φ14
T-11 Left 41.458 0.0870 0.95 0.3895 408.01 3 461.814
Φ14
Right 52.613 0.1104 0.93 0.3813 528.934 4 615.752
Φ14
T-12 Left 51.017 0.1071 0.94 0.3854 507.44 4 615.752
Φ14
Right 42.985 0.0902 0.94 0.3854 427.549 3 461.814
Φ14
T-13 Left 86.143 0.1964 0.89 0.3649 904.952 6 923.628
Φ14
Right 111.488 0.2547 0.85 0.3342 1238.15 8 1231.49
Φ14

Design of positive moment on each Beam

Member T-10

Span moment 59.2017 KN-m

Check for T-beam

Le
a) be = bw + b) be = C/C spacing between
5
beams
5000
= 250 + =5000mm
5
= 1250mm

Therefore, be = 1250mm governs.

f yd 260.87 *10 6
M=   28.77
0.8 f cd 0.8 * 11 .333 * 10 6

2.5 2.5
C1 =   0.08688
m 28.77

C2 = 0.32* m2*fcd = 0.32*28.77*11.333*106 = 3002

Moment = 59.2017KN-m

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 1 2 4M
ρ= (C1  C1  )
2 be * d 2 * C 2

1 4(59.2017 * 10 6 )
= (0.08688  0.007549  )
2 1050 * 410 2 * 3002

= 0.0013

ρ<ρmin → 0.0013<0.002, therefore, 0.002 governs.

X = ρ*m*d = 0.002*28.77*410 = 23.5914mm

Y = 0.8X = 0.8*23.5914 = 18.873mm < hf =150mm. The
beam is rectangular.

→ As = ρ*be*d = 0.002 (1250)(410)

= 1025mm2

1025mm 2
No. of bar =  6.65  7bars
153.938mm 2

Use 7Φ14 A s provided = 7(153.938) = 1077.567mm2

(3 * 40)  (3 * 79)  (1 *118)

y' =  67.85mm
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d = D-y'= 450-67.85 = 382.14mm.

Re-calculate As and check the new effective depth will change the
reinforcement.

As = ρ*be*d = (0.002)*(1250)*(382.14) = 955.35mm2.

955.35mm 2
No.of bars Re-calculate =  6.2, assume 7 bars.
153.938mm 2

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 Use 7Φ14 A s provided =1077.567mm2.

Member Moment ρmin As No. of A s provided

(KN-m) (mm2) bars (mm2)
T-10 59.2017 0.002 955.35 7Φ14 1077.567
T-11 24.5233 0.002 820.00 6 Φ14 923.628
T-12 24.5617 0.002 820.00 6 Φ14 923.628
T-13 59.1943 0.002 955.35 7 Φ14 1077.567

 Design for Shear

The minimum web reinforcement

0.4 0.4
ρmin = f  300  0.001333 [EBCS 2, 1995 Sec.7.2.12]
yk

The maximum spacing between stirrups

Smax = 0.5d < 300mm , if Vsd <2/3Vrd (EBCS 2,1995 Sec.3.5.4.1b)

Smax = 0.3d < 200mm , if Vsd>2/3 Vrd

Where :- Vsd = acting shear along critical section

Vrd = shear resistance of section.

Vrd = 0.25 fcd *bw *d (EBCS 2, 1995 Sec.4.5.2.1)

The minimum shear resistance of concrete in beams

Vc = 0.25*fctd*k1*k2*bw*d (EBCS 2, 1995 Sec 4.5.3.1.1)

Where :- k1 = (1+50ρ) <2.0

k2= 1.6-d >1.0 (d in meters). For members where more than 50% of
the bottom

Reinforcement is contained, k2=1.

ρ= As/bd

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 Design of Shear Reinforcement

For longitudinal axis,

Av * d * f yd
Vs = (EBCS 2, 1995 Sec 4.5.4.4)
S

Where: - Av = is the area of shear resistance within the distance S.

Design for Shear Reinforcement

Span T-10

As 8 * 153.938
ρ=   0.0125
bd 250 * 393.17

k1 = (1+50ρ) <2.0
= (1+50*0.0125) <2.0
= 1.626 <2.0

k2 = (1.6-d) > 1.0

= (1.6-0.41) >1.0
= 1.19 >1.0

Vc = 0.25*fctd*k1*k2*bw*d
= 0.25*(1.03*106)*1.626*1.19*0.25*0.41
= 47.918 KN.

Vrd = 0.25 * fcd * bw * d

= 0.25 * (11.33*106) *0.25 * 0.41
= 290.408 KN.

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 2.57493  (0.39317  0.20)
Vsd right = * 131.1787  100.959 KN
2.57493

2.425  (0.39317  0.20)

Vsd left = * 139.2857  105.215KN
2.425

Vsd < 2/3Vrd , 105.215KN < 193.605KN , No diagonal compression

failure.

Hence, Vsd > Vc , apply reinforcement to the web. Therefore,

Smax = 0.5*410 = 205mm ,
Use Smax = 200mm.

Av * d * f yd 50.265 * 410 * 260.87

Vs =   26.881KN
S 200

Vtot = Vs +Vc = 26.881 + 47.918 = 74.799KN

Av df yd 50.265 * 393.17 * 260.87

S=   49.00mm, consider 50mm.
Vs 105.215
Hence, provide Φ8 c/c 200mm stirrup for the whole span.

Member Support ρ K1 Vc Vrd Vsd Smax Vs Vtot

(KN) (KN) (KN) (mm) (KN) (KN)

T-10 Left 0.0105 1.525 47.88 290.41 104.2 Φ8c/c50mm 26.88 74.76
Right 0.0105 1.525 47.88 290.41 100.1 Φ8c/c50mm 26.88 74.76
T-11 Left 0.0045 1.225 38.48 290.41 50.26 Φ8c/c100mm 26.88 65.36
Right 0.006 1.300 40.83 290.41 56.46 Φ8c/c90mm 26.88 67.71
T-12 Left 0.006 1.300 40.83 290.41 55.59 Φ8c/c90mm 26.88 67.71
Right 0.0045 1.225 38.48 290.41 51.34 Φ8c/c100mm 26.88 65.36
T-13 Left 0.0090 1.451 45.558 290.41 96.57 Φ8c/c50mm 26.88 72.44
Right 0.012 1.600 50.253 290.41 107.8 Φ8c/c50mm 26.88 77.13

For mid span of each beam, we use minimum shear spacing of

Use
T-10 Φ8c/c 50mm , T-11 Φ8c/c 90mm, T-12 Φ8c/c 90mm, T-13Φ8c/c
50mm

 Development Length

Every reinforcement at each end must be anchored in order to avoid any bond
failure.

Basic anchorage length,

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Type of reinforced bar deformed rough bar.

aLb * Ascal .
Lbnet =  0.3Lb  200mm
As .eff

14 * 260.87
=  443.225mm
4 * 2 * 1.03 * 10 6

fctk = 1.547Mpas .... for C-25

fctd = 1.03 Mpas
fbd = 2*fctd = 2*1.038 = 2.06Mpas.

Support T-10 Left

Ascal = 1238.15mm2.
As.eff. = 1231.15mm2.

1 * 443.225 *1238.15
Lbnet =  443.225mm
1231.49

Therefore, use Lbnet = 443.225mm

Member Support As.cal As.eff. Lb. Lb.net

(mm2) (mm2) (mm) (mm)
T-10 Left 1238 1231.49 443.225 443.225
Right 942.66 1077.568 443.225 387.734
T-11 Left 408.01 461.814 443.225 391.586
Right 528.934 615.752 443.225 380.732
T-12 Left 507.44 615.752 443.225 365.261
Right 427.549 461.814 443.225 410.339
T-13 Left 904.952 923.625 443.225 434.264
Right 1085.00 1231.49 443.225 390.501

 Curtailment of Longitudinal Flexural Reinforcement

Longitudinal Flexural Reinforcement should extend up to or above the zero

moment.

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Length of bar
Support T-10 Left = 1.09+.44+0.2 = 1.74m.
Support T-11 Left = 0.94+0.79+(2*.39) = 2.51m.
Support T-11 Right & T-12 Left = 0.95+0.93+(2*.38) = 2.6m.
Support T-12 Right & T-13 Left = 0.81+0.91+(2*0.43) = 2.59m.
Support T-13 Right = 1.12+0.39+0.2 = 1.71mts.

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