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PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411
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1 PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411
Oil and Gas Petroleum Lesson 2A
Drilling Systems
Drilling Rigs
Drilling a Well
2 Homework Read ADE to p. 21 Learn the De nitions in Lesson 2B
ADE # 1.1, 1.2, (on the internet)
due Monday, September 8, 2003
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling
3 Rotary Drilling CHAPTER 1 (ADE) Drilling Team Drilling Rigs

Rig Power System
Hoisting System
Circulating System . . .
4 Rotary Drilling - cont’d

The Rotary System
The Well Control System
Well-Monitoring System
Special Marine Equipment
Drilling Cost Analysis
Examples
5 From the Houston Chronicle, August 2001, 2002 and 2003

The Rig Count
From the Houston Chronicle, August 2001, 2002 and 2003
6 From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, September 1, 2002

7 From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, August 31, 2003

8 Noble Drilling’s Cecil Forbes A Jack-Up Rig

9 Sonat’s George Washington A Semi-Submersible Rig

10 Zapata’s Trader A Drillship
11 FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Deep Water Development Options
SUBSEA COMPLETIONS
FIXED PLATFORMS
COMPLIANT TOWERS
FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
TENSION LEG PLATFORMS
12 2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

13 TENSION LEG PLATFORM

14 Shell’s Auger Tension Leg Platform

15 Shell’s Bullwinkle World’s tallest o shore structure 1,353’ water

depth Production began in ,000 b/d 80MM scf/d
16 To TENSIONERS SLIP JOINT MARINE RISER GUIDE LINES BOP

STACK GUIDE BASE
MUDLINE
17 Fig. 1.3 - Typical drilling rig organization

18 Fig. 1.4 The rotary drilling process

19 Fig. 1.5 Classi cation of rotary drilling rigs

20 Fig. 1.13 Engine power output

P=F.V
Power = Force * Velocity
21 TABLE 1.1 - HEATING VALUE OF VARIOUS FUELS

22 Solution: The angular velocity, w , is given by

Example 1.1. A diesel engine gives an output torque of 1,740 ft-lbf at an
engine speed of 1,200 rpm. If the fuel consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr,
what is the output power and overall e ciency of the engine?
Solution: The angular velocity, w , is given by
w = 2p (1,200) = 7,539.8 rad/min.)
The power output can be computed using Eq.1.1
23 Since the fuel type is diesel, the density is 7.2

lbm/gal and the heating value H is 19,000 Btu/lbm (Table 1.1). Thus, the fuel
consumption rate w f is:
wf = 3.78 lbm/min.
The total heat energy consumed by the engine is given by Eq. 1.2:
24 E ciency = (Power Out / Power in)

Qi = w f H
Thus, the overall e ciency of the engine at 1,200
rpm given by Eq. 1.3 is
25 Drilling a Well Steps in Drilling a Well Duties of Drilling Engineer

Making a Connection
Making a Trip
Rig Selection Criteria
Derrick Loading
De nitions (Lesson 2B) (separate)
26 Steps to Drill A Gas/Oil Well

1. Complete or obtain seismic, log, scouting information or other data.
2. Lease the land or obtain concession.
3. Calculate reserves or estimate from best data available.
4. If reserve estimates show payout, proceed with well.
5. Obtain permits from conservation/ national authority.
27 Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d

6. Prepare drilling and completion program.
7. Ask for bids on footage, day work, or combination from selected drilling
contractors based on drilling program.
8. If necessary, modify program to t selected contractor equipment.

9. Construct road, location/platforms and other marine equipment necessary
for access to site.
10. Gather all personnel concerned for meeting prior to commencing drilling
(pre-spud meeting)
11. If necessary, further modify program.
12. Drill well.

13. Move o contractor if workover unit is to complete the well.
14. Complete well.
15. Install surface facilities.
16. Analysis of operations with concerned personnel.
30 Drilling Operations Field Engineers, Drilling Foremen

A. Well planning prior to SPUD
B. Monitor drilling operations
C. After drilling, review drilling results and recommend future improvements
- prepare report.
D. General duties.
What are the well requirements?
Objectives, safety, cost
31 Making a Connection Making a Trip

32 Making a mouse hole connection

33 Making a mouse hole connection - cont’d

Moving Kelly to Single in Mousehole
Single Added. Ready to Drill
Stabbing the Pipe
Making a mouse hole connection - cont’d
34 Making a trip Why trip? Use Elevators for Put Kelly in Rathole
tripping
Put Kelly in Rathole
35 Tripping one stand at a time

60-90 ft
Making a trip - cont’d
36 Criteria for determining depth limitation

Derrick
Drawworks
Mud Pumps
Drillstring
Mud System
Blowout Preventer
Power Plant
37 LD = 2W (no friction in sheave)

TW
WW
2W
FIG 1-1 Simple Pulley System
T=W
LD = 2W (no friction in sheave)
38 W = 4 T T = W/4 LD = 6 T = 6 W/4 n = number of lines W = weight

(hook load)
LD = load on derrick
FIG 1-2 Block and Tackle System
Assuming no friction
W = 4 T T = W/4
LD = 6 T = 6 W/4
39 Example 1.1 (no friction)

The total weight of 9,000 ft of 9 5/8-inch casing for a deep well is determined
to be 400,000 lbs. Since this will be the heaviest casing string run, the
maximum mast load must be calculated. Assuming that 10 lines run between
the crown and the traveling blocks and neglecting buoyancy e ects, calculate
the maximum load.
40 Solution:
The tension, T, will be distributed equally between the 10 lines. Therefore,
T = 400,000/10 = 40,000 lbf
The tension in the fast line and dead line will also be 40,000 lbf, so the total
load is
40,000 X 12 = 480,000 lbf
41 Solution, cont. Example 1.1 demonstrates two additional points.

1. The marginal decrease in mast load decreases with additional lines.
2. The total mast load is always greater than the load being lifted.
42 A Rotary Rig Hoisting System
43 Projection of Drilling Lines on Rig Floor

TOTAL
44 Load on Derrick (considering friction in sheaves)

Derrick Load = Hook Load
+ Fast Line Load
+ Dead Line Load
Fd = W + Ff + Fs×
E = overall e ciency, e.g., E = en = 0.98n
45 Example 1.2
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide an input
power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are
strung between the crown block and traveling block. Calculate
1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending,
2. the maximum hook horsepower available,
46 Example 1.2, cont. 3. the maximum hoisting speed,

4. the actual derrick load,
5. the maximum equivalent derrick load, and,
6. the derrick e ciency factor.
Assume that the rig oor is arranged as shown in Fig
47 Solution
1. The power e ciency for n = 8 is given as in Table 1.2. The tension in the
fast line is given by Eq. 1.7.
Tension in the Fast Line,
(=)
48 Solution 2. The maximum hook horsepower available is

Ph = E·pi = 0.841(500) = hp.
49 Solution 3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by

50 Solution to 3., cont. To pull a 90-ft stand would require

51 Solution 4. The actual derrick load is given by Eq.1.8b:

52 Solution 5. The maximum equivalent load is given by Eq.1.9:

53 Solution 6. The derrick e ciency factor is:

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Presentation on theme: "PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411"—

3 Rotary Drilling CHAPTER 1 (ADE) Drilling Team Drilling Rigs

4 Rotary Drilling - cont’d

5 From the Houston Chronicle, August 2001, 2002 and 2003

6 From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, September 1, 2002

7 From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, August 31, 2003

8 Noble Drilling’s Cecil Forbes A Jack-Up Rig

9 Sonat’s George Washington A Semi-Submersible Rig

11 FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

12 2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

13 TENSION LEG PLATFORM

14 Shell’s Auger Tension Leg Platform

15 Shell’s Bullwinkle World’s tallest o shore structure 1,353’ water

16 To TENSIONERS SLIP JOINT MARINE RISER GUIDE LINES BOP

17 Fig. 1.3 - Typical drilling rig organization

18 Fig. 1.4 The rotary drilling process

19 Fig. 1.5 Classi cation of rotary drilling rigs

20 Fig. 1.13 Engine power output

21 TABLE 1.1 - HEATING VALUE OF VARIOUS FUELS

22 Solution: The angular velocity, w , is given by

23 Since the fuel type is diesel, the density is 7.2

24 E ciency = (Power Out / Power in)

25 Drilling a Well Steps in Drilling a Well Duties of Drilling Engineer

26 Steps to Drill A Gas/Oil Well

27 Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d

28 Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d

29 Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d

30 Drilling Operations Field Engineers, Drilling Foremen

31 Making a Connection Making a Trip

32 Making a mouse hole connection

33 Making a mouse hole connection - cont’d

35 Tripping one stand at a time

36 Criteria for determining depth limitation

37 LD = 2W (no friction in sheave)

38 W = 4 T T = W/4 LD = 6 T = 6 W/4 n = number of lines W = weight

39 Example 1.1 (no friction)

41 Solution, cont. Example 1.1 demonstrates two additional points.

43 Projection of Drilling Lines on Rig Floor

44 Load on Derrick (considering friction in sheaves)

46 Example 1.2, cont. 3. the maximum hoisting speed,

48 Solution 2. The maximum hook horsepower available is

49 Solution 3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by

50 Solution to 3., cont. To pull a 90-ft stand would require

51 Solution 4. The actual derrick load is given by Eq.1.8b:

52 Solution 5. The maximum equivalent load is given by Eq.1.9:

53 Solution 6. The derrick e ciency factor is:

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