Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
BOOKLET 1
MOCK TESTS
&
FURTHER PRACTICE
.............................
THE PAST OF REGULAR VERBS
REGULAR VERBS HAVE 3 DIFFERENT PRONUCIATIONS
IN THEIR ENDINGS: T / ID / D
REGULAR VERBS HAVE 3 DIFFERENT ENDINGS IN THEIR
SPELLING : D /ED /IED
T ID D
WALK walkED WANT wantED WASH washED
STOP stopPED HATE hatED ARRIVE arriveD
TALK talkED ENJOY enjoyED LAUGH laughED
LOOK lookED CARRY carrIED REMEMBER rememberED
COOK cookED STUDY studIED ANSWER answerED
WORK workED WORRY worrIED LISTEN listenED
LIKE likED SAIL sailED LOVE loveD
JUMP jumpED PLAY playED SAVE saveD
ASK askED PAINT paintED TURN turnED
MISS missED WAIT waitED SHOW showED
WATCH watchED STAY stayED DANCE danceD
DRESS UP dressED up CRY crIED OPEN openED
TOUCH touchED HURRY hurrIED BRUSH brushED
PRODUCE producED DECIDE decidED CLOSE closeD
HOPE hopED NEED needED LEARN learnED
WISH wishED HUNT huntED SOLVE solveD
MARK markED TRY trIED USE useD
MARCH marchED DENY denIED KILL killED
REPLY replIED CHANGE changeD
SUGGEST suggetED CALL callED
EXPLAIN explainED REFUSE refuseD
LOAD loadED RETURN returnED
BOARD boardED DIE dieD
START startED LIVE liveD
LAST lastED TRAVEL travelLED
INSIST insistED CLEAN cleanED
RESIST resistED MURDER murderED
INVITE invitED SERVE servED
Irregular verbs
Awake awoke* awoken Let let let
Bear bore born Lie lay lain
Beat beat beaten Light lit lit
Become became become Lose lost lost
Begin began begun Make made made
Bend bent bent Mean meant meant
Bet bet* bet* Meet met met
Bite bit bitten Pay paid paid
Bleed bled bled Put put put
Blow blew blown Read read read
Break broke broken Ride rode ridden
Bring brought brought Ring rang rung
Build built built Rise rose risen
Burn burnt* burnt* Run ran run
Buy bought bought Say said said
Can could could See saw seen
Catch caught caught Sell sold sold
Choose chose chosen Send sent sent
Come came come Set set set
Cost cost cost Shake shook shaken
Cut cut cut Shine shone shone
Dig dug dug Shoot shot shot
Do did done Show showed shown
Draw drew drawn Shut shut shut
Drink drank drunk Sing sang sun
Drive drove driven Sink sank sunk
Eat ate eaten Sit sat sat
Fall fell fallen Sleep slept slept
Feed fed fed Slide slid slid
Feel felt felt Smell smelt smelt
Fight fought fought Speak spoke spoken
Find found found Spell spelt spelt
Fly flew flown Spend spent spent
Forbid forbade forbidden Spill spilt spilt
Forget forgot forgotten Stand stood stood
Forgive forgave forgiven Steal stole stolen
Freeze froze frozen Stick stuck stuck
Get got got Sting stung stung
Grow grew grown Swear swore sworn
Hang hung* hung* Sweep swept swept
Have had had Swell swelled swollen
Hear heard heard Swim swam swum
Hide hid hidden Swing swung swung
Hit hit hit Take took taken
Hold held held Teach taught taught
Hurt hurt hurt Tear tore torn
Keep kept kept Tell told told
Kneel knelt knelt Think thought thought
Know knew known Throw threw thrown
Lay laid laid Wake woke woken
Lead led led Wear wore worn
Learn learnt* learnt* Win won won
Leave left left Write wrote written
Lend lent lent
ADJECTIVES THAT DESCRIBE PERSONALITY:
EASY GOING A person who gets on well with people.
TALKATIVE A person that talks too much
PRACTICAL A person that makes decisions easily
DREAMER A person that doesn't think practically.
SHY A reserved person
SELF CONFIDENT A person who is very secure of himself.
INSECURE A person who doubts a lot
SELF CENTRED A person who thinks too much about himself.
GENEROUS A person who finds it easy to share
GREEDY A person who doesn't feel he has enough.
SELFISH A person who doesn't like to lend money
MEAN A person who doesn't like to share things
MOODY A person who changes his temper easily.
GOOD TEMPERED A bad humored person
BAD TEMPERED A good humored person
SILENT A person that doesn't talk much
HOT BLOODED A person who gets angry easily
CALM A person that doesn't feel nervous easily
RELIABLE A person you can trust on
UNTRUSTWORTHY A person you cant trust on
LIAR A person who tells lies
HONEST A person who always tells the truth
OPEN MINDED A person that can accept other people's
NARROW MINDED opinion
STUBBORN A person that thinks he is always right
SKEPTIC A hard headed person
SYMPATHETIC A person that needs to see to believe
SENSITIVE A person that can feel pity for others
SENSIBLE A person that shows his emotions
COLD BLOODED A person that reasons
RUDE A person that doesn't show his emotions
FRIENDLY A bad educated person
UNFRIENDLY A person that makes friends easily
LAZY A person that doesn't make friends easily
HARDWORKING A person that doesn't like to work
WORKAHOLIC A person that works hard
A person that works too much
PRACTICE ON VERB TENSES
An American who ___________(visit) Russia, __________(want) to go on a wild bear hunt and __________(pay) a lot of money for the sport.
The travel agent ___________ (take) the American to Moscow’s Perdelino Forest. Suddenly, he ____________ (see) a bear and ____________
(decide) to get closer because he ______________ (hope) to shoot at it. A postman, who ___________ (ride) past on his bicycle, ______________
(fall) off in surprise when he ___________(spot) the bear. The bear _____________(come) over to the bicycle, ____________(pick) it up and
_____________(ride) off. In fact, it ___________ (not be) a wild bear at all. It ______________ (perform) at the local circus. The bear
____________ (escape), the postman _____________ (lose) his bike and the American _____________ (ask) for his money back.
Howard Hughes, the American film producer, lived/used to live for fifteen years completely on his own. He was spending/ used to spend all
day lying on his bed watching films. He would hate/ used to hate touching anything that wasn’t/ didn’t use to be sterile. He was living / used
to live on tinned chicken soup for weeks, and then was changing / used to change to a diet of ice cream. When he died/ used to die, he was/
used to be a billionaire.
B) Choose the most suitable word
1- I ________ home late last night when I saw the accident.
A) drove B) was driving
2- When I _______ this morning, the sun was shining.
A)got up B)was getting up
3- We ______ in the park when it started raining.
A)walked B)were walking
4- When I got up, I had breakfast and then I _______ shopping.
A)went B) had gone
5- Look outside!. It I _______ again.
A) rains B)is raining
6- I ________ to school by bus.
A)usually come B)am usually coming
7- _________ this book at the moment.
A) do you read B)are you reading
8- I ________ some money in a competition two years ago.
A)won B)have won
9- Peter looks different. He ______ a moustache.
A) grew B) has grown
10-I’m sorry I’m late. _______ here for long?
A) have you been waiting B)are you waiting
11-I ________ my best friend Eddie since I was eleven years old.
A)know B) have known
12-If you pay in advance, you ______ receive a discount.
A) will B)would
13- What time ______ for London?
A) does the next coach leave B)is the next coach going to leave
14- “Why don’t you move the chairs?”. “I ______ the carpet”.
A) will clean B) am going to clean
15-“School ______ until 9.30 on Wednesday morning.
A)doesn’t start B) will not start
C) Put the verb in the appropriate form
22- I don’t want to go to the zoo today because it is raining. The same thing happened yesterday. I don’t want
to go to the zoo because it rains
Want is going to rain
Didn’t want was raining.
23- We are going to have four tests since last semester, I have been studying very hard
Have had was studying
24- The police had been looking for the thief for two years before they caught him.
Looked
Were looking
Will be swimming
Swim
26- “Do you want to go shopping with me?. I go to the shopping mall this
will go afternoon
am going to go
27- A: “This letter is in French, and I don’t speak a word of French. Can you help me?”
B: “Sure, I will translate it for you
am going to translate
translate
28- I enjoyed to visit them yesterday because they invited me to go to the circus.
Visiting going
29- The burglar admitted stealing the money. The police caught him because he
To steal
forgot switching the alarm off
to switch
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE:
1- Tom didn’t pass the exam. If he ______________ harder, he would have passed it.
A) study B)studied C)had studied
2- A= “I’m hungry!!”
B= “But you’ve already had lunch, you ________________ hungry already
A)can’t be B)won’t be C)needn’t be
5-If you ____________ a wallet on the street, what would you do?
A) found B) had found C)will find
6- It was such a good holiday. I really enjoyed ____________ by the sea.
A) to be B) being
9-After ________ by the police, the man admitted _____________ the car, but denied
A)stopping B) to stop A) to steal B)stealing
10-“The water here is not very good. I`d avoid ____________ it, if I were you”.
A)drinking B) to drink
1- Complete these sentences with the appropriate Verb Tense : Future Simple, Future
Progressive or Going To.
1- Don’t worry about your exam. I’m sure that you -----------------(get) a very good mark.
2- I feel terrible. I think I ------------------ (be) sick.
3- Don’t phone me between 7 and 8. We ---------------------- (hold) an important business meeting.
4- You must meet my boyfriend George. I think you ----------------- (like) him.
5- At 10 o’clock tomorrow she --------------------(be) in her office. She -------------------- (type) some letters.
6- There’s no need to take the umbrella with you. It ------------------(not rain).
7- I’m going on holiday on Saturday. This time next week I -----------------(sunbathe) on the beach.
8- Sue and I have decided to have a party. We ------------------ (invite) a lot of people.
9- They invited Tom to their wedding. They -------------------- (be) offended if we don’t go.
10- I’ve sent all the invitations to the party, but I don’t think Peter ------------------- (come).
11- A= The phone is ringing.
B= I ----------------- (answer) it.
12- A= George phoned while you were out.
B= Yes, I know. I ---------------- (phone) him back.
2-Choose the correct alternative :
1. My suitcase is heavy !
Give it to me .... A) I´ll carry it for you. B) I’m going to carry it for you
2- I bought some warm boots because ........
A) I´ll go skiing. B) I’m going to go skiing.
3- A_ ”Tony is back from holidays”.
B_” Is he ?” A) I´ll give him a ring. B) I’m going to give him a ring.
4- This time next year ......A)I’m going to be on the beach. B)I´ll be lying on the beach.
5- You can tell me your secret .....
A) I won’t tell anyone else.
B) I am not going to tell anyone else.
6- I need to get these letters in the post as soon as possible.
A) I´ll do it for you.
B) I’m going to do it for you.
7-Tea or coffee ?
A) I will be having tea, please.
B) I´ll have some tea , please.
8- How old are you Jackie ?
A) I’m going to be 18 next Friday.
B) I will be 18 next Friday.
9- Oh ! really ?. Are you going to have a party ?.
A) I´ll have a meal in a restaurant with my friends.
B)
I´ll be having a meal in a restaurant with my friends.
10-Did you buy this book ?.
No, Nancy did it. A) She will read it this weekend.
B)She is going to read it this weekend.
Fill in the gaps with the most suitable form of the verb in brackets
Dear Sam,
I´m sorry I haven´t written to you before but this is the first time in weeks that I´ve managed _________( find) time to sit
down and write to you some lines.
Do you remember our old friend Sarah from school?. Well, I met her some days ago at the shopping centre and suggested
__________ (organise) a reunion party for all the people from our old class at San Patricio. I sounded like a really great idea so I
agreed _________(help) her.
As there are so many people that we never met again, we decided ________(contact) the tutors at school. They were very
nice and offered _________(give) us a list with the names and address of all our classmates. This involved __________(send) emails
and (make)_________lots of phone calls. It was really exhausting and sometimes frustrating.
We planned_________(meet) at our school sports centre to avoid _________(pay) the costs of renting a place for the meeting.
It was a pitty you couldn´t make it. Let me tell you it was a real success. We really enjoyed _________(dance) all the songs
we used to listen to in those days. We were all very happy to see each other again after 10 years. Some of us really changed a lot.
Guess what!. Tim, the boy we used to love in secret for so many years has put on at least 10 kilos! He didn´t look so sexy.
And Becky, the girl we used to call “four eyes”, was the most beautiful. Imagine a tall, blond woman __________(wear)the most
fashionable and sexy black dress. Everyone was spellbound when we saw her coming to the dancing area.
Everyone asked me about you. We missed you a lot!. We are hoping ________(do) it again next year and I want you
__________(promise) to come. Ok?
Write soon and tell me about your trip to Egypt
Love,
Sally
PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present simple
Mary eats an apple The apple is eaten by Mary
Present continuous
Mary is eating an apple The apple is being eaten by Mary
Past simple
Mary ate an apple The apple was eaten by Mary
Past continuous
Mary was eating an apple The apple was being eaten by M.
Present perfect simple
Mary has eaten an apple The apple has been eaten by Mary
Present perfect cont.
Mary has been eating an apple The apple has been being eaten by
Modals
Would would be
Can can be
Could could be
Must must be
Shall shall be
Should should be
May may be
Might might be
PASSIVE VOICE PRACTICE
TURN THESE SENTENCES INTO THE PASSIVE
A)Complete the sentences with the correct tense either Passive or Active
1. Peter’s car ________________ (steal) last night. It __________________ (find) in a back street yesterday, it
__________________ (take) to the police headquarters by the neighbours. At 10 o’clock this morning an officer
____________________ (return) the car to him.
2. A man ________________ (hit) by a car on the corner of Baker Street and Malsom Road last night. An
ambulance __________________ (take) him to St George’s Hospital where he ___________________(treat) for
minor injuries. Later in the night the careless driver ___________________(arrest) by the police.
3. When the ship sank 400 years ago a great treasure _________________ (lose). The location of the ship
__________________(discover) a few months ago. Sea divers _________________(bring) the treasure to the
surface last month. It _________________ (take) to the National Bank.
C) Rewrite these sentences in the active or passive so that the meaning stays the same:
1. The referee has just sent Bernes off the field.
_______________________________________________
2. They opened the palaces to the public in 1993.
_______________________________________________
3. The farmer is planting new seeds in the fields.
_______________________________________________
4. 2.000 acres were destroyed by the flood.
_______________________________________________
5. The Dutch will grow 3.000 million flowers this year.
________________________________________________
6. Thousands of rotten apples had been brought to the factory by lorry drivers.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. I have to do the washing up every day before going to bed.
________________________________________________________
8. The markets are going to sell a big amount of cider and champagne this year.
CONDITIONALS :
ZERO TYPE
Use: to talk about eternal truths & facts. To express certainty
IF + PRESENT SIMPLE + PRESENT SIMPLE:
If he doesn’t water the plants, they die If you heat water, it boils at 100C
IN CASE
AS LONG AS/ PROVIDED(THAT): IF AND ONLY IF
SECOND TYPE
USE: to talk about an unlikely event either in the present or future generally
using MIGHT/ MIGHT NOT: If their service were better, more people might go to
that restaurant.
To talk about a dream, hope, a wish or fantasy: If I could afford it , I would by a
BMW
To give advice: If I were you , I would practise more for the competition.
WISH + WOULD:
1. to express a hope that an action or habit will change in a near future:
I WISH you WOULDN`T work so much!!!!
Reported Speech
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
A) REPORTED SPEECH:
1) complete these sentences using the correct form of SAY or TELL
1- Brendam ______ Mrs Thorne that he liked sports.
2- Did she _______ what she wanted?.
3- Are you ________ me the truth?.
4- I’ve _______ you everything I know.
5- He ________ he wouldn’t be late.
6- Could you _________ me the way to the station?
7- She _______ she could speak German and Italian.
2) Put these statements into Reported Speech:
1- “Mick is in the office”. Tina told me.
2- “We are very hungry”, they said.
3- “I don’t really want to play tennis”, Danny told Nick
4- “Michelle is working in her room”, Mrs Blackmore said.
5- “ken has gone to the cinema”, Mick told Bill.
6- “I can’t drive”, Peter said.
7- “I`ll see you later”, Larry told May.
3) Put these questions into the Reported Speech:
1- “How old are you?”, Mrs Peterson asked Jack
2- “Do you like spaghetti?”, Maria asked me.
3- “Where do you come from?”, the woman asked the boy.
4- “Did you see the film on TV?”, May asked Joe.
5- “Have you ever been to the USA?”, the man asked Sue.
6- “What are you doing?” the policeman asked the man.
7- “When are you going back to Ireland?”, I asked Ian.
8- “Can you help me?” the woman asked Nicky.
D) Rewrite these sentences using Reported Speech.
1- “I don’t like classical music”
Chris said ________________________________________________
2- “Are you doing anything at the weekend?”
Mary asked Larry __________________________________________
3- “Ill phone you later”.
Nick told _________________________________________________
4- “They learn English at New Way”.
Mom said _________________________________________________
5- “Do you always wear black clothes for parties?”
My friend wanted to know ____________________________________
6- “I can´t come to your party next week”.
She told ___________________________________________________
REWRITE EACH OF THESE SENTENCES IN REPORTED SPEECH
1 The prisoner said: “I have nothing to hide. I’m telling the truth.”
____________________________________________________________________
2 John told his teacher: “I’ve lost my homework”.
____________________________________________________________________
3 They said: “We’ll sit for the exam next week.”
_____________________________________________________________________
4 The host said: “Who wants something to eat?.”
______________________________________________________________________
5 Mum asked: “Didn’t you hear the bell?.”
_____________________________________________________________________
6 Jane said: “Don’t wait for me if I’m late.”
______________________________________________________________________
7 The doctor said: “Stay in bed for a few days more.”
______________________________________________________________________
8 He asked me : “What do you do for a living?.”
______________________________________________________________________
9 Tom said: “I’m not feeling well. I think I’ve caught a cold.”
______________________________________________________________________
10 The secretary said: “John has given up his job.”
______________________________________________________________________
B)CHOOSE THE CORRECT VERB FROM THE BOX AND REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN
REPORTED SPEECH.
Tell Say Offer Refuse Want to know Agree Explain Beg Ask Warn Suggest
Peter ______________________________________
2-“ Ben, when did you play your first t.v. role?”.
The reporter ________________________________
3 “ You, ken, go out immediately!!”.
Mrs May ___________________________________
4-“I`m sorry but I won’t be able to go now”.
Sarah ______________________________________
5-“ When is your birthday?”.
The girl _____________________________________
6-“As a child I played football and I also took part on relay races.”
The artist ____________________________________
7-“Mary!!, don’t speak to me like that again!!.”
Mum________________________________________
8-“You can’t get a driving licence if you are under 18”.
The police officer_______________________________
9-“Take out a sheet of paper and write down TEST”.
The headmaster ________________________________
10-“I have been shopping all the morning”.
The woman ____________________________________
B) Rewrite these sentences using the reporting verbs in the box below:
1-Tom: “Please, please Sue, help me with this exercise. Come on say you will”.
______________________________________________________________
2-Sue: O K Tom, O K I`ll help you”.
______________________________________________________________
3-“No!, I’m not going to listen to your explanations again!!”.
The Tutor ______________________________________________________
4-“You look terrible Carol. Why don’t you see a doctor?”.
Flora __________________________________________________________
5-“If you don’t have a balanced and healthy diet you can be sick. Do you understand me now?”.
The doctor ______________________________________________________
6-“Oh!. Thank you for those lovely roses!!”
_______________________________________________________________
7-“Why don’t we go for a walk?”.
_______________________________________________________________
8-“I`ll drive you to the airport so that you can arrive on time. OK?”
_______________________________________________________________
9-“Oh, My God!!!. What do I have to do with you??”.
Mum __________________________________________________________
10-“Be careful!. Don’t spill that milkshake on the carpet!!”.
Aunt Polly ______________________________________________________
11-“Would you like to go to the PROM party with me?”.
_______________________________________________________________
12-“Jenny, your mother called you a minute ago”.
The landlady ____________________________________________________
13-“Kate is my fiancé”.
Bob ___________________________________________________________
14-“Come on Sam, I know you can work it out. Come on just try again. Come on I’m sure you’ll be able to solve
this problem on your own.”
The teacher ____________________________________________________
REPORTED SPEECH :
1- “Where are you going ?”
Tom asked-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- “Where did you spend your holidays ?”
Mike asked----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- “What will you do when you leave school ?”
Jennifer asked---------------------------------------------------------------------------
4-“How did you know my name ?”
The nurse wanted to know-------------------------------------------------------
5- “Do you have an appointment ?”
The clerk asked ------------------------------------------------------------------------
6- “Have you seen my car keys ?”. John asked his wife.
John wondered ---------------------------------------------------------------------
7- “Why didn’t Isabel phone me ?”.
Isabel`s boyfriend wanted to know---------------------------------------------
8- “Let me help you. I will carry the bag for you”.
Richard offered himself -----------------------------------------------------------------
9- “When can I see the doctor ?”.
Charles asked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10- “Don’t play there !”.
She told -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11- “I’m leaving now !”.
She said ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12- “Is this book yours ?”.
She inquired --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13-“what time is it ?”.
She wanted to know --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14- “Be quiet and sit down !”.
The teacher ordered-----------------------------------------------------------------------
15- “Do you smoke ?”.
She asked ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16- “People smoke too much these days !”
Mum says ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17- “Will you go to the meeting if he does ?”.
He inquired --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18- “I’m sorry I can’t solve this problem”.
He said --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19- “Be careful !”. Her mother said.
Her mother warned -------------------------------------------------------------------------
20- “Why don’t we go out ?”.
He suggested -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21- “Paul, I’ve bought a new pair of jeans”.
Kerry told --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22- “I will help you”.
My friend offered -------------------------------------------------------------------------
23- “O.K. I think I will do it”.
Tim agreed -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24- “Let’s go to the park”.
She suggested ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25- “No !. I’m not going !”.
He refused ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26- “Smoking is bad for your help”.
The teacher explained -------------------------------------------------------------------
27- “I don’t want to go”.
He answered -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28- “Stay in bed for a few weeks”.
The doctor advised ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Choose the correct alternative:
1. Bill thinks tennis is boring/bored
2. What on earth are those kids doing now/actually.
3. My father’s gone on a voyage/trip to Paris, but he’ll be back soon.
4. I can’t believe a word he says, he has told/said so many lies to me .
5. Looking after small children is hard job/work.
6. As the captain you will be responsible of/for making sure everyone in the team gives his best.
7. I lent you so much money and you have never paid/borrowed it back to me.
8. Johnny and Sally split up a couple of months ago but he still can’t get over/back it.
9. A friend of mine had a nervous breakdown because he worked enough/too hard.
10.Because of a bad harvest in South America, the value /price/prize of coffee has gone up.
11. You are spending/ wasting your time, she won’t listen to you.
12. Last Christmas my brother and I found the place where our Mom hid the presents so we
glanced/peered through the presents and knew what she had bought us.
13. Mary was running in the park when suddenly she slipped /stumbled/sprinted with a piece of
log and fell flat on the face.
14. It is rude to whisper / swallow / stutter when there are other people in the room.
15. If you mumble /chew /quench like that, nobody will understand a word you say.
16. Isabel had so /such a good humour last night. Everybody enjoyed the party.
17. It is usually better to try to prevent / avoid with people who have very strong opinions about
everything.
18. My brother won’t allow / let me borrow his CDs for the party.
19. All the students passed/ approved the F.C.E exam last year.
20. Can you make / do me a favour?. I forgot to make /do my homework. Can I have a look at
yours?
21. Women shouldn’t take / put up with violent men. They usually threaten/bribe /warn to do
horrible things to them if they ever tell anyone about their behaviour.
22. I told you it was going to rain, I told you to take an umbrella. You should listen / have listened
to me.
23. The naughty boy was spanked / scolded /grounded for slipping /dropping /running out of
school. Unfortunately one of his teachers saw him in the shopping mall.
24. My little brother is so spoilt /mischievous/awkward that he always gets away with everything
he wants.
25. The other day I bumped into /made out / set off a friend who was supposed to get married next
month but she told me that she and her fiancée had turned down / split up / got down a week ago.
Gates- customs – lounge – pay – takes off – arrival – delayed – destination – fasten
Miss – duty free – detector – conveyor belt – passport – book – boarding card – hand in – trolley – luggage – hand
luggage – flight - runway - check in – baggage claim
Board – compartment – cancelled- bad weather-
1- When you decide to go on holidays you should call your travel agent to help you decide your ________ and
________ a ticket.
2- The first thing you have to do as soon as you arrive at the airport is to _______at the reception desk . They will
weigh your _________ and give you a ____________.
3- Then you must go to the departure _________ and wait for your ___________ until it is announced to be ready
to be boarded.
4- After that you will go through _________ and show your ___________. Your _______ luggage will be x-rayed
and you will walk through the metal _________.
5- Once you __________ the plane, you should put your hand luggage in the __________ above your seat. While
the plane gets ready to taxi through the _______
remember to _________ your seatbelt.
6- Now when the plane lands at your destination, the first thing you should do is to look for your luggage on the
_____________. If you cannot find it there, you should go to the _____________ desk and tell the assistant that
your suitcases are missing. They will solve this problem as soon as possible.
Complete the sentences with the following phrasal verbs in the correct tense
Look in look up look into look after look forward to get away Check in get held up set off turn up
take off break down
1- I felt very happy this morning when some friends ________________ without calling me before.
2- We arrived at the hotel at 2 am , we ____________ and went straight to bed.
3- When doing my English homework I didn’t know the meaning of many words so I _________them ______ in
the dictionary.
4- Last weekend we went on an excursion to Horco Molle. We _________ at 8am.
5- Scientists are still _________ the possibility of cloning organs for transplants.
6- We were supposed to start the meeting on time but the headmaster ___________in a traffic jam.
7- Everybody was very nervous, specially the bridegroom, but the bride ___________on time to the chapel.
8- The plane couldn`t ____________ because of the thick mist and the flight was cancelled.
9- After reading the article published in the newspaper about malnutrition in Tucumàn, Tinelli decided to
_________ the children in Villa Quinteros.
10- It was a very hard week , so my husband and I decided to _______________ for the weekend.
11- Everybody in Argentina is _______________watching the finals of the World Cup.
My friends and I decided to watch the match at home, everything was ready, we sat down , turned the tv on ,
watched the opening ceremony, and just when the match was about to start, the tv set ___________
1. The other day the ___________ arrested a ___________ in a shop. He was _________ some things
when the guards ___________ him red-handed.
2. The ___________ was tried in __________.he was accused of ____________- as he broke into a house
and stole some valuable objects. The ___________ was found in his own house and the __________
questioned him at the stand. He was found ____________ by the ___________ and the __________
passed sentence. He was sent to ___________ for a period of three years.
3. A ____________ was found in an old farmhouse in the suburbs. Some ____________ called the police as
soon as they discovered that a little girl was being kept against her will. The young girl had been
_____________ by her nanny and she demanded some money as a reward. The woman has been
_____________ the girl's parents for two days. The parents didn't call the police because they were
afraid.
The ______________ had taken the girl from her house one afternoon when the parents were not at
home .she hid the girl in that old house far away from the city, but fortunately her plans did not work out.
This afternoon the girl and the witnesses are going to be ____________ by the detective that is
investigating the ____________.
FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE MOST SUITABLE WORD. THERE ARE MORE WORDS THAN
THE ONES YOU NEED
snooker player
Track link stadium
squash player
Court field
Surfer
Course rink
Swimmer
Gym arena
tennis player
Pitch ring
volleyball player
weight-lifter
swimming net
record
amateur spectators
ace team
basket whistle
captain
cup
scuba diving
Miss
surfing
Pass save
spot rock climbing
Sports - Verbs
practise snow skiing
Beat throw smash
water skiing
snowboarding
mountain biking
mountaineering
cave exploration
storm chasing
hang gliding
bungee jumping
extreme
adrenaline
VOCABULARY:
HEALTH AND ILLNES
exiting
Receipt
Prescription
Surgery
Ward
Pharmacy
Cure
Fever
Temperature
Injections
Pain
Sore
Hurt
Bruised
Low fat diet
Medical services
Disease
Phrasal Verb Definition Example
tell * off + criticize a person severely, Carolina told me off when she found out I was gossiping
reprimand (inf.) about her date with Martin.
tell on + report a crime to the police or Every time I did something wrong when I was a child, my
bad behavior to a parent sister would tell on me.
put away put things tidily in their place It is time to put the toys away.
put back return to original location Please put these books back on the shelf.
put down to attribute to We put his bad temper down to fatigue and work stress.
put on 1) dress oneself in, I put on my old clothes for the journey.
put clothes on
put out 1) place outside, expel, Have you put out the cat?
drive out
3) begin a voyage, set sail Their tiny vessel put out to sea.
6) annoy (usually used I was put out by his aggressive attitude to me.
in the passive)
7) inconvenience, trouble He said he did not want to put us out by accepting our dinner.
8) dislocate I must have put my shoulder out while I was playing tennis.
put through 1) carry out The new plan has been put through successfully.
3) pack away, put aside, We decided to put the deck chairs up for this winter.
lay away
5) provide lodging and food We can put you up for the weekend.
7) propose for election, The party put up Mr. Reno as their candidate.
nominate
8) offer for sale by auction Three valuable pictures were put up for tomorrow's auction.
10) offer a prayer The priest put up a prayer for safety in Spain.
put up to instigate, urge to do wrong She put me up to playing a trick on the teacher.
(usually separated)
Phrasal verbs
TURN
Turn (sb) out: to force someone to leave a place
Turn (sth) out: 1-to produce or make something. 2- well/beautifully/badly turned out: to be
dressed in good bad etc clothes
Turn over: 1-(turn sb over to) to bring a criminal to the police. 2-(turn sth over to) to give
someone the right to own or the responsibility for something such as a plan, business, etc. 3-
turn over sth: if the business takes over a particular amount of money it makes that amount in
a particular period of time.
Turn to: 1- turn to sb/sth: to try to get help, advice from someone or by doing something. 2-
turn to sth: to look at a particular page in a book
Turn up: 1- turn sth up: to make a machine such as an oven, radio etc, produce more heat,
sound, etc. 2- to suddenly appear after having been lost or searched for. 3- to arrive at a place.
Turn upon sb: to suddenly attack someone or treat them badly, using fisical violence or
unpleasant words.
Turn against: to decide that you do not like someone or agree with something any more
Turn round: to complete the process ok making a product or providing a service
Turn away: to refuse to let someone into a place.
Turn back: to go in the opposite direction
Turn in: to give something back to the person that owns it.
Turn into: to become something different, or make someone or something do this.
Turn off: make a machine stop working.
CUT
cut across: to go across an area of land instead of going around it, in order to save time
cut away: to remove the unwanted or unnecessary parts from something.
Cut back: to reduce the numbers of something, or the time or money that is spent on
something.
Cut down: to reduce the amount of something.
Cut in: to interrupt someone who is speaking by saying something
Cut off: to separate something by cutting it from the main part. 2- to stop the supply of
something such as electricity, gas, etc.
Cut out: stop doing something.2- to cut something into small pieces.
:
Use the word in bold to complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first one. Use between 2 and 5 words.
1. The oral exam wasn’t as hard as I had expected. Than
The oral exam ___________________________________ I had expected.
2. Ripe tomatoes were often thrown at actors in Shakespeare’s time. throw
People _____________________________________ ripe tomatoes at actors in Shakespeare’s
time.
3. Molly moved to Mendoza a year ago. for
Molly has ________________________________ a year.
4. I can’t afford to go on holidays with my friends this Summer. too
Going on holidays with my friends _______________________ me.
5. Chewing gum in class is totally forbidden. chew
Students ____________________________ gum in class.
6. I don’t know for sure how deep this lake is. the
I am not certain _______________________ of this lake.
7. In the end the shoplifter said he had stolen the T-shirt. admitted
In the end the shoplifter _____________________________ the T-shirt.
8. “Who were you talking to?” I asked Jane. been
I asked Jane _______________________________ to.
9. I am sure someone saw what happened. must
Somebody ___________________________________ what happened.
10. Peter was too nervous to say anything. that
Peter was ___________________________ not say anything.
11. Tom went to the supermarket with the baby. We are still waiting for him. Has
Tom___________________________ and hasn’t arrived yet.
12. Susan is scared of spiders. Whenever she sees one she runs away. From
Whenever Susan sees a spider she ___________________________________ it.
13. Paul has to learn to solve his problems instead of avoiding them. Up
Paul should_______________________________ instead of avoiding them.
14. Bandana has become a very popular group in the last few months. Into
Bandana _________________________ successful pop group.
15. Scientists are still investigating the possibility of human cloning. Into
Scientists are______________________________ of cloning a human being.
16. When Peter was looking for his keys he found a gold ring. across
When looking for his wallet, _______________________________ ring.
17. Human cloning is a controversial thing as it can cause unknown consequences. About
Cloning a human baby _________________________________ results.
18. If you travel abroad you should show your passport to the customs officer. In
You should ______________________________ at customs, if you travel abroad.
19. Mike is reading such an interesting book about Egypt! So
Mike’s book ________________________________ interesting!
20. I can’t stand insects. For example spiders and cockroaches are terrifying for me. As
I can’t stand________________________________ and cockroaches.
21. I´m afraid Ill have to give these shoes back. They are not big enough too
I’m afraid Ill have to give back these shoes______________________________ for me.
22- my parents went to Europe 10 years ago. Have
My _________________________________________ Europe.
23. “I haven’t touched anything!!!”, the shoplifter said. denied
The shoplifter ________________________ anything.
24. We needed three table lamps but I only succeeded in finding two. managed
We needed three table lamps but I ____________________________ two.
25. It wasn’t necessary to pay for the goods immediately but we did it anyway. have
We __________________________________for the goods.
26. You are too young to drive. old
You ____________________________ to drive.
27. He saw many temples during his trip to India. while
He saw many temples ___________________________ India.
28. Their flight was 10 hours long, so they were exhausted when they arrived. for
They __________________________________ 10 hours, so they were exhausted when they
arrived.
29. I am sure they have been working on the project all night long. Must
They ______________________________ on the project all night long.
30. It is possible that aliens are watching us now. be
Aliens ___________________________now.
31. My parents don’t allow me to spend the night at the school lock-out. let
My parents ________________________ the night in the school lock-out.
32. It took us ages to get to the station. time
We _________________________________trying to get to the station.
33. “What time did the plane to Greece leave gate 13?” flight
The man wanted to know what time the____________________________ gate 13.
34. I wonder how long the river Nile is. about
I am not sure _________________________ the river Nile.
35. There was a time when Sally was terrified of spiders, but now she works with them in
the lab. to
Sally ___________________________________________spiders but now she works with them in
the lab.
36. We decided to meet some friends at the local disco but we got stuck in a traffic jam so we
arrived too late and they were gone. already
We decided to meet some friends at the local disco but couldn’t arrive on time. By the time
we ________________________________left.
37. “Do you think that Superman is a better film than Spiderman?”
He asked me_____________________________
38. “What are you going to do when you finish school?”
The man wanted to know_________________________
39-There was a time when I went dancing every Saturday night.
I________________________________________
40- There is no other hotel in Tucuman better that Catalina´s Park
Catalina´s Park_______________________________.
41- Both Jane and Tim are intelligent kids.
Tim ________________________________________.
42- You can only come into this disco if you are over 18.
Unless______________________________________.
43- The judges have chosen six finalists.
Six finalists __________________________________.
44- The service repaired my computer while I was away.
I__________________________________________.
45- I went out every night last week, that´s why I am so tired.
If I _________________________________________.
46- I can´t help him unless he tells me what is going on.
If he ________________________________________.
47-I`ll let you borrow my new car as long as you are careful with it.
Provided that __________________________________________
48-“You shouldn’t eat so much meat”.
The doctor advised ______________________________________
3-Don`t go to the party and I won’t go either.
As long as _____________________________________________too.
49-“I won’t be late.” She said.
50-If the weather doesn’t get better, we won’t be able to arrive on time.
Unless __________________________________________________
51-“Let`s go to an Indian restaurant”, John said.
321-They had finished the preparations by the time the guests arrived.
Someone _________________________________her.
331-Last year 2,000 new units had been produced by the time we introduced the new design.
337-All work will have been completed by five o'clock this evening.
351- It is possible that fog will delay their departure until tomorrow. may
Their departure_________________________ until tomorrow.
353. "I bought nothing abroad", Rita told the customs officer. she
Rita told the customs officer ____________________ anything abroad.
355. Bill advised the children to lock their bikes when they left them unattended. your
Bill said to the children, "You _____________________ when you leave them unattended".
360. "You will soon be a good driver if you follow my advice", said the instructor. drive
The instructor said I____________________ if I followed his advice.
:
1. Exam Tips
When the day comes give yourself plenty of time (0) ..to. do everything: have breakfast but
don't drink (1) ........... much; go to the toilet; arrive on time, but not too early or you will find
yourself getting more and more nervous while you wait to start. Try not to talk (2) .......... the
exam before you go in.
In the exam, calm (3) ............ down by breathing deeply and thinking positively. Read
(4) .......... exam questions carefully and underline all of the key instruction words (5) ............
indicate how the questions should (6) ......... answered. If possible start with the ones
(7) ........... can do easily to give you confidence. Remember what you've learnt from practising
questions and doing mock exams previously and plan your use of time. Don't panic (8) ..........
everyone around you seems to start writing furiously straight away and don't be tempted to
follow their example.
Finally, after the exam, don't join in a discussion about (9) .......... everyone else did,
(10) ............ you want to frighten yourself, and drain your self-confidence for the next exam.
Above (11) ..........., remember that exams are not designed to catch you out, (12)...... ... to find
out what you know, what you understand and what you can do.
2. Fast food
The concept of “fast food” is very important in English-speaking countries (0) for one major
reason: the working day starts at around the same time (1)............ in European countries, but
finishes (2).......... earlier, typically at about five o'clock in (3)........... evening when the
offices, banks and many of the shops begin to close. As a result, there's not much time for
lunch, (4)............ many people bring something from home to eat at their desks, (5).............
with a cup of tea or instant coffee made with the office kettle, (6)......... than going out to a
restaurant for a “proper” lunch as do many European office workers, (7)........... usually
finish work much later in the evening.
For (8).............. who prefer to get out of the office to have a break or (9)............... fresh air,
there are the various fast food options (10).................... as sandwiches, Cornish pasties,
burgers, kebaps, or fish and chips, many of (11)................... can be eaten “on the move”,
(12)................. even the need to sit down!
Only on special occasions is a British office worker likely to eat lunch in a restaurant.
(13)............... someone's birthday, promotion, engagement or retirement, for example, a
group of colleagues will eat together in a pub or restaurant. It is for this reason (14) foreign
visitors are often surprised (15).................... the lack of affordable, good quality, places to
have lunch in the major British cities.
Nasrudin made a bet that he could spend a night on a mountain, despite the ice and snow.
The bet was accepted.
Nasrudin took a book and candle and sat (01)......... the coldest night he (02)........ known.
(03)......... the morning, he was half-dead as he went (04)........ to the village to claim his
money.
"Did you have (05).......... at all to keep you warm?" The people in the village asked him, "Not
(06)....... a candle?"
They all went (13)........ the kitchen. They found a huge pot of water. (14)......... the pot a candle
was burning. The water was tepid.
Nasrudin said: "It is not ready (15)........ I don't know why - it has been there since yesterday."
(01)..... the recession, Britain's pet owners are willing to pay for a permanent memorial
(02)...... much-loved furred and feathered friends. The Rossendale Pets Cemetery, near
Rawtenstall in Lancashire, now stretches to over 10 acres covered by 1,600 graves and 800
plots for small caskets of ashes.
It was started 26 years (03)........ by a local farmer who ran his dog (04)...... with a tractor and
was (05).......... grief-stricken that he put up a headstone. That has long since been dwarfed
(06)...... elaborate monuments, including a marble gate flanked by pillars. Dedicated to a
horse called Brandy, it cost well (07)...... £2,000 seven years ago. Other animals
commemorated in the cemetery vary from budgies to a lioness. The owners of the cemetery,
Mr and Mrs Annable, have had some upsetting experiences:
"We had a man (08)....... tried to climb into the incinerator to kiss his Irish wolfhound
goodbye. He was an educated man (09)....... well, an English teacher. In the end, he left half
the ashes here and took half home.
"Every Sunday a long-distance driver brings fresh flowers (10)...... his dog. Rain, hail, fog or
snow, he never (11)....... And then (12)....... is Kakkoo the parrot, who spoke four languages.
His grave is marked by a simple wooden cross and a bronze plaque.
"(13)........ couple arrived carrying a cage. They had not seen their hamster for (14)........ time.
Was it in hibernation or was it dead? They couldn't bear to look. In fact, it was as stiff as a
board. When I told them, they burst into tears. I didn't (15)......... the heart to charge them."
In America, there are an estimated 50,000 collectors. The highest (14)....... are paid for cels,
paintings on celluloid, a specialised market worth an annual $60 million. The most paid
(15)....... far for a cel has been $286,000.
8- Caravanning in Wales
The sea cliffs and sandy beaches of Wales are hard (0) ____to____ beat. Add to (16)
________wild, romantic scenery, ancient castles, modern theme parks and cheap
accommodation and you’ve got a great family holiday. Of course (17) _______makes Wales
so green is the rain. Even in mid-summer, you can expect a couple of wet and windy days.
But don’t let that (18)__________ you off. There are (19) __________of indoor activities, so you
can enjoy (20) ________whatever the weather. For (21) _________people
Wales is a caravan country. If you haven’t stayed in a caravan (22) ________you were little,
it’s (23) _________you tried it again. Standards of comfort are much higher (24) ________a
decade ago, with facilities such (25) _________laundries and kids’ play areas. A good
example is the Fontygary Holiday Park. You can stay in a spacious caravan equipped (26)
__________TV, shower, separate bedrooms and fridge, (27) ____________works out to be less
expensive when compared (28) ____________a guesthouse or self-catering cottage. And you
won’t even need to leave the site to (29) ______________fun. The kids can swim in the 25-
metre indoor pool, or join (30) ____________ the games organized by the entertainment staff.
Meanwhile you can take a sauna, go to the gym, have your hair styled, or just sit on the cliff
top and enjoy the view.
9- Travel Insurance
When going (0) ___on___ holiday, it is always a good idea to take (16) _________travel
insurance. This is just in (17) __________something goes (18) __________ along the way. You
could lose your luggage, you could (19) _________robbed, or even become ill and need
expensive medical treatment. For millions of holiday makers, travel insurance is just a
precaution (20)___________ will help them have an enjoyable and worry-free holiday. But
for (21) __________ , travel insurance is a way of earning money (22) __________ making false
claims against insurance companies. For (23) ____________ , some people pretend that they
have had expensive equipment stolen which in (24) __________ never even existed, and then
claim large sums (25) _____________ compensation. Such claims cost insurance companies a
total (26) _________£50 million per year. But the cheats’ luck is about to run (27) ________ .
(28) ________to a new computer system, companies will be able to tell at a glance (29)
___________ someone has made a claim within the last three years. Honest travelers will no
(30) ___________ have to pay through the nose for other people’s dishonesty.
10- Laughter
You not only laugh more (0) ___when___you are relaxed, but you (16) ________relax when
you laugh, and it has (17) ________found that when you’re (18) _________ holiday it is easier
to do both. But for (19) ___________ people laughter is not just a pleasure, it is a (20)
__________ of fighting illness. Some hospitals have begun to bring in clowns to relieve the
silent, depressing atmosphere, especially in children’s wards. This scheme is called “Medical
Smile” and it helps sick children in a (21)__________ that doctors, with all (22)
_____________ knowledge, can’t do. The effect of the clowns is more (23) ___________
psychological. Laughter helps strengthen the immune system- (24) _________ is, the part of
our bodies (25) __________fights off disease. We take (26) _________more oxygen when we
laugh, and our heartbeat slows (27) _________ . Hospital clowns are becoming more (28)
________more popular because (29) ______ the positive effect they have. They both relieve
depression, which tends to (30) __________ illnesses worse, and give people the will to fight
their illnesses themselves.
The summer season makes (0) ___all/most____ of us feel good, and scientists believe that
they (16) ____________ discovered the reason for this. “Bright light makes you feel more
awake and helps you sleep better,” says Dr. Arendt, from the University of Surrey, (17)
___________ is studying the effect of light (18) _____________ the human body. Light travels
through the eye and sends a message to the part of the brain that controls sleep and appetite.
So in the summer months (19) ____________ sunlight is increased, your energy level goes (20)
____________ thus decreasing the need to eat and sleep. (21) ___________ addition, the heat
from the sun also (22)__________ a calming effect as it reduces blood pressure, producing a
feeling of relaxation. Sea and mountain air are also beneficial in summer as they make you
breathe (23) __________ deeply, increasing the (24) _________ of oxygen in your blood. For
(25) __________ people, however, there is a negative side (26) ___________summer. Those
suffering (27) __________ low blood pressure may experience feelings of tiredness and
anxiety at this (28) ___________ of year. Experts advise such people to (29) _________ up
exercise and to add more salt (30) ___________ their diet. So, if you can, enjoy the benefits of
bright light, warm days and seaside air and you’ll feel completely refreshed. ‘
We (0) ____all____ love to eat between meals, (16) ________it’s a bar of chocolate after
breakfast or a packet of crisps before dinner. But when we think (17) _______it, most of these
“snack” foods are (18) __________of fat, salt and sugar and thus contain a (19) ________of
calories. Another disadvantage is that after (20) _________consumed these foods, there is a
temptation to eat (21) __________as they still leave you feeling hungry. But who says snack
foods have to be bad (22) ___________you? They can, in (23)___________ , be very good for
you if you just choose carefully. One of the best and healthiest snack options is dried fruit.
It’s really tasty and makes a brilliant, easy-to- eat snack, as (24) __________as leaving you
satisfied. (25)_____________ is also a great variety to choose (26) ________, with dried
bananas, apricots, grapes and apples available at (27) ___________ supermarkets. You can
enjoy dried fruit for morning and afternoon breaks, at school or at work, in the car or (28)
___________watching television. Dried fruit also makes the perfect fast food for late-night
homework sessions. So next time you fancy (29) ___________sweet, try the healthy option
and you’ll (30) _________ pleasantly surprised.
Organising a dinner party can (0) ___be___ a stressful business. Firstly you have to decide
(16) _______you are going to invite and make (17) _________ the guests are going to mix well.
It’s (18) ________good inviting people that are either going to sit around (19) small groups
and only speak to each (20) ________or people that are going to hide behind the furniture
and not talk at (21) ________. Also you have to ensure they can get to and from your home
(22) _________any problems. Next is organising the food. You want to prepare a meal that is
above average standard, but doesn’t (23) _________ the earth. It is also wise to ask the guests
about their likes and dislikes (24) ________ you invite them, as you don’t want to serve up a
meal nobody (25) _______ eat. Cooking the meal is important as (26) __________ , because
you want it ready at the time you stated. Seating arrangements are important too. You don’t
want (27) _________the quiet guests at one end of the table and the talkative (28) __________
at the other. Serving drinks before, during and (29) ________ the meal is always a good way
to (30) _________ people to relax and chat. And remember to shut the cat in another room, as
you don’t want it jumping onto the table searching for a snack!
The Golden Gate Bridge has linked San Francisco and theMarin
Peninsula for more (0) ___than___ 50 years. However, building it was no easy task. The idea
of linking the two places was not a new one but it wasn’t (16) _______1917 that the first
workable design was produced. It would (17)_______twenty years to complete the bridge,
and from the outset there were (18) _______difficulties: rough waters, the often foggy
conditions and the danger of earthquakes all combined to make constructing this bridge a
(19) _______trickier business than building New York’s George Washington Bridge. The
Golden Gate Bridge, (20) _______was then the largest in the world, was finished (21) _______
May 27th, 1937. Californians flocked to their new showpiece and walked from one end to the
(22)__________ . The next day it was opened to cars. (23) _______ the past 58 years it (24)
__________ been part of daily life for millions of commuters. Of course, its paintwork must
(25) __________ kept (26) _______good condition. A 28-man team is responsible for this. If
you thought Michelangelo needed a good head (27) ________ heights to paint the Sistine
Chapel ceiling, just (28) _________ a thought for these men. The bridge stands (29)
__________4,200 feet. The trick, agree the painters, is never to look (30)_______ . Rather them
than us!
16- Cyprus
With (0) ___its___warm sunshine, sparkling seas and serene landscapes, Cyprus offers (16)
_______of reasons to escape the grey winter days. Cyprus has so (17) ________attractions as a
holiday island. The sun shines most days of the year and even in the (18) _______of winter
the days are warm and inviting. The shoreline of rough cliffs, sandy beaches and old
harbours is washed (19) ______the Mediterranean. Inland, you (20) _______discover another
world of ancient mountains and green valleys with neat fields, orange and lemon groves,
vineyards and old villages built out (21) ________stone Legend has it that Cyprus was the
place (22) _________the ancient Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite, (23) ________born. The
exact spot is (24) ________to be the Rocks of Romiou, a beautiful beach just (25) the coast
from the old port and town of Paphos. This is (26) _______largest town in Cyprus and is
located (27) ________the south western part of the island. Paphos has developed
(28)_________a thriving modern city and is a large tourist resort, but even (29) _________, it
has managed to preserve its ancient past. The old harbour is still the central part of the town
with tavernas lining the waterside. (30) ________are also excellent bars, clubs and restaurants
in the modern part of town where visitors can enjoy traditional food and entertainment
Fashion designers have finally realised that working women are (0) ___their____main
customers. Well-made clothes for the office rather (16) ________high glamour are now top
priority. This season’s designs show that the working woman has (17) ________ very
important to a wide range of fashion designers, with garments being made to (18) _________
not only the body (19) _________ the lifestyle as well. (20) _________ years, plain-coloured
basic suits were the only thing business women (21) ________ wear, but today’s woman isn’t
happy wearing what is no more than a version of a man’s business suit. She wants her
clothes to be elegant, modern and dynamic - and good (22) __________ for money. While few
big names in fashion have (23) ___________ their attention to the office, a new group of
designers is emerging, (24) _________main goal is to dress city women in style. Collections
are (25) __________ designed with the (26) ___________ of providing easy, comfortable, all-
purpose clothes (27) __________will free women from thinking only in (28) ________of the
usual blouse, jacket and skirt. For (29) ___________, a long black fitted jacket worn over a
simple but beautifully cut dress would (30) ________ a woman to go from the office to a
cocktail party with elegant ease.
Do you feel the cold? If the answer is “yes”, then (0) ___why____not try a cold bath or
shower? This unusual advice (16) ________from a natural health therapist in Germany (17)
________, for the last 30 years, has (18) ________studying the effects of cold water. Most
people are brought (19) ________to believe that it’s important to (20) __________warm during
the cold weather, with extra clothing and heaters, (21) _________ research shows that the
opposite is true. At a German health centre, hundreds of visitors follow this advice by taking
their first cold bath at 6 am, and come out feeling (22) _________ more relaxed. This is (23)
__________ to the fact that the cold water increases blood sugar levels, the heart beat and
breathing rate. New research at the medical centre of Hanover has (24) __________ that those
taking daily cold baths have 50% (25) __________ colds and breathing problems than those
who don’t. Studies (26) ________
London have also proven that (27) __________ treatment will help protect (28) ___________
heart attacks. For those people who find the idea of such behaviour unthinkable, then regular
exercise such (29) ___________ running or cycling is a good alternative. So, next time you’re
suffering from the cold, don’t sit and complain, (30) __________ action!
Across South America one can find a variety of frog unlike (0) ___those/any____found in
Europe. Apart (16) _______being different colours, such as yellow and blue, these frogs are
poisonous. Some of them are (17) ________ poisonous that even touching (18) _______ can be
fatal. The Embera Choco people of Colombia have (19) ________ using toxins from frogs for
many years in (20) ________ to hunt. However, since the arrival of other types of weapons in
the rainforest, the .art of making dart guns (21) __________ started to disappear. However, it
is still possible to find craftsmen making dart guns (22) _________ the trunks of palm trees.
The actual dart is covered (23) __________ poison from the frog’s skin. The poison will
remain strong (24) ______ to kill animals for more (25) a year. About 55 of the 135 species of
South American frogs are toxic. The frogs are brightly coloured to warn predators not to
touch them. Some species of frogs produce toxins (26) _________may be useful for mankind
as painkillers. A number of species are (27) ________bred by researchers in the States to
investigate the possibility of using toxins for (28) ________benefit. By licking the frog’s skin
scientists (29) _______judge the level of toxins. There is no danger of being poisoned, though,
as frogs in captivity gradually become (30) _______poisonous.
20- Vegetables
We are frequently told these days that we should eat more vegetables (0) ___as____part of a
healthy diet. However, a large (16) _______of people are still not taking this advice. One of
the reasons could be that they (17) ________ bad memories of the few vegetables they were
forced to eat by (18) ________parents when they were children. (19) ________ the other hand,
potatoes are one (20) ________ of vegetable which we are familiar (21) _______ although we
do not perhaps think of them (22) ________ healthy food to eat. Of course, chips are not very
good for us (23) _______ of their high fat content, but potatoes can (24) _______ cooked in
many other interesting ways which do not harm our health. (25) ________ vegetables which
we will almost certainly (26) _________ eaten are carrots, turnips and parsnips. Carrots can
be eaten raw, while parsnips can be prepared (27) ________ potatoes, and baby turnips are
crisp and as sweet as apples when cooked. Alternatively, there are many different vegetables
in the shops, (28) _________as celeriac, kohlrabi and salsify. These may (29) _______ strange
to us at the moment, but they are as easy to cook as (30) _________ of the other vegetables
mentioned and make a delicious change.
21-Mountain Biking
The Isle of Wight is a small island just (0) ___off____the south coast of England near the
towns of Portsmouth and Southampton. Queen
Victoria loved the island (16) _______ much that she had Osborne House built, which has not
changed at (17) _______ since the days when she used to visit with her huge family. (18)
________ tourist attractions include Butterfly World, where, (19) _________ the name
suggests, visitors can see a large range __________ (20) butterflies, and two zoos. In summer
it is usually warm and sunny (21) _________ for holiday-makers to enjoy the miles of clean
beaches. Alternatively, for those (22) __________ want to be out of doors but don’t like
sunbathing, the Isle of Wight is an excellent place for cyclists. There are numerous little paths
which lead (23) ________picturesque villages all (24) _______the island.
Newport, the island’s capital, is also (25) _________a visit. It is a busy little town with (26)
_______of small specialist shops. (27)________ the beginning of August, there is the most
famous yachting week (28) _________the world, which takes (29) _______at
Cowes. During that week Cowes is full (30) _______carnival atmosphere and every bar and
restaurant is packed.
23-The Brain
Contrary to popular belief, it is not true (0) ___that___we use only 10 percent of our brain
power; it is (16) ______of the myths of modern times. The brain controls all of our bodily
functions as (17) _______ as carrying out the most complicated processes (18) _________
thought and imagination. There must (19) __________ , be some spare capacity built into the
system because brain cells - unlike most of the body’s other cells - are not (20) _________ to
divide and therefore are incapable (21) __________ replacing themselves (22) __________ they
die. It is possible to increase the abilities of our brain. We do _________(23) when we learn to
read, (24) ________ example. Current research shows that the learning process creates new
connections (25) __________brain cells (26) ________ increases our mental powers. But
scientists are unable to say exactly how (27) ________ of our brains we don’t use. Despite a lot
of research, the brain is still the (28) _________ mysterious organ in the body and it will be
many years (29) ________ enough information can be gathered to explain all (30) _________
functions.
Do you grab quick snacks (0) __at__work, eat late at night and drink too (16) ________ tea
and coffee? If so, you’re probably (17) ________ stress, and your eating habits are (18)
_______ the problem worse. The effects of stress can be beaten by following (19) _________
simple advice. First, cut (20) _________ on coffee, tea and cola drinks. They all contain
caffeine, which (21) _________ you feel better for a (22) ________ minutes, but which also
destroys the vitamins (23) _________ our bodies. Try not to eat sweets, biscuits and cakes. A
quick burst of sugar suddenly increases blood-sugar levels; however, (24) _______ 2 or 3
minutes, you (25) ________ left feeling tired and irritable. Don’t drink alcohol to forget (26)
________ worries. In the long term, alcohol (27) _________ depression. Eat plenty (28)
_________ citrus fruit and green vegetables as they contain Vitamin C. Red meat and seafood
contain iron, (29) __________ helps fight nervous tiredness. Remember to eat a good
breakfast to start the day well. Take (30) ___________ to eat properly and try to avoid eating
late at night. Avoid junk food. Fresh is best!
26) Larry Walters intended to (1)---------------- only a short trip when he took off from Long
Beach, California, (2)---------------- in a garden chair which was attached (3)-------------- 45
balloons filled (4)---------------- helium. Instead, the ropes (5)---------------- secured his chair to
the ground broke and he shot up to 16,000 feet. (6)--------------- startled airline pilots eyed the
strange flying machine, Larry began to (7)------------------ a little chilly. He (8)-------------- at the
several balloons with an airgun he (9)------------- taken with him and began to descend. When
the ropes became entangled in a power line, Larry was finally (10)--------------- to return to
(11)---------------- after more than an hour .
Walters (12)--------------- rescued, uninjured, as his chair hung from the power lines. “The part
that was frightening was the last 300 feet, with the rooftops coming up so fast”, he
(13)---------------- afterwards. “I was praying that I wouldn’t (14)------------- one of the power
lines and (15)------------- killed. I fulfilled my dream but I wouldn’t do this again
(16)-------------- anything”.
The U.S Federal Aviation Administration is determined to see that he does not. An inspector
said : “We know that he (17)--------------- some part of the law. As (18)--------as we decide
which part it is, some charge (19)------------ be filled. If he (20)--------------a pilot’s licence, we’d
suspend that, but he hasn’t”.
27) Though they are very different in all sorts of ways cricket and baseball are also quite
similar.
(1)---------------- they are both played with very hard balls, some of the players have to wear
(2)----------------- to protect their hands and to help (3)------------------ catch the ball. Golfers
wear them too, but (4)----------------- need them to stop their hands slipping on the
(5)------------------ .
In racket sports (6)---------------- tennis , squash and badminton a good grip is essential
as well (7)--------------- strength, speed, stamina and, in the case of modern tennis, height. Tall
players have a tremendous advantage when they serve because they can hit the ball at
(8)-------
great speed that their opponents are lucky to get the ball back over the (9)---------------It’s
(10)--------------- important to keep your cool. Lots of players lose concentration if a linesman
says a ball they returned is (11)----------------- . Occasionally the (12) ---------------- will overrule
the decision and say that the ball was in after all.
There’s not often any doubt whether someone (13)----------------- scored a (14)-------------
or not in football, but sometimes players disagree (15)----------------- the referee over penalties.
28) Cooking is fun once you know how to do it. The easiest (1)-------------- to learn is to
borrow
(2)--------------- basic cookery books from the local library or from a friend and (3)-------------
experimenting. Spend a couple of hours reading through the (4)--------------- until you find
one that you think sounds tasty.
(5)------------- a list of the necessary ingredients and check the fridge and cupboards to
(6)------------- sure you have (7)-------------- you need. There’s nothing worse (8)-------------
starting to cook a meal and then realising you don’t have (9)--------------- essential like lemons
or breadcrumbs. It is really (10)------------- to check that you have all the basic equipment like
cheese graters and knives as well. The recipes in most cookery books have been tested many
(11)-------------- so the instructions (12)--------------- be accurate and clear. Read them through
carefully and assemble all the things you (13)--------------- need. Another thing, (14)---------------
a lot of people forget unfortunately, is that cleaning up as you go along makes cooking easier.
My mother, (15)-------------- was a superb cook, always said, “The best meals come from a tidy
kitchen”.
29) One of ----------------------- most enjoyable jobs I’ve ---------------------- done was when I
---------------- a student. When you ----------------- what it was you may be a -----------------------
shocked, but ---------------------- I know it sounds unpleasant I ca assure you that it was
----------------- fact delightful. Believe it or -------------------, I was a grave-digger for a
-------------------- summer. It was one of --------------------- hot, dry summers which made the
--------------------- as hard as rock and it needed a great deal of -------------------to dig the graves.
Now a grave-digger doesn’t have -------------------------to do with dead bodies. All he has to do
is dig two-metre deep holes and fill them in again when the ------------------------ has been put
in. As I ------------it was a marvelous summer and I’m glad to say ------------------------- I didn’t
have to work on my --------------------. I had a workmate who had been digging
graves-------------------------- 1950. In ------------------- of his depressing trade he was a cheerful
character, always laughing and
--------------------- jokes. He used to tell me ------------------ about his experiences and I
------------------------ to him for hours on end. Mind you, we had to work quite --------------------
and usually there were two or three graves to dig every day. By the -------------------------- I had
to go ------------------ to college I was fitter, browner and in some ------------------- a wiser
person.
30) While some people choose a different time and go to a different place for their holiday
every year, we have been going to the same place ------------------- the same time (the first two
weeks ----------- July)
------------------------- the past five years as regular as clockwork. And why ? Well it’s a
----------------------- difficult to explain, but I’ll try.
--------------------- we found this special “place”, we always --------------------- to like touring in
our car, but we --------------------------- travelling through the south of the country one day
------------------------ we decided all of a sudden to turn off the main road. And that was
-------------------- we found the village, quite -------------------- accident, the village that was to be
our holiday home from then on.
32) Cooking is fun once you know how to do it. The easiest (1)-------------- to learn is to
borrow (2)--------------- basic cookery books from the local library or from a friend and
(3)------------- experimenting. Spend a couple of hours reading through the (4)-----------
until you find one that you think sounds tasty.
(5)------------- a list of the necessary ingredients and check the fridge and cupboards to
(6)------------- sure you have (7)-------------- you need. There’s nothing worse (8)----------
starting to cook a meal and then realizing you don’t have(9)-------- essential like
lemons or breadcrumbs. It is really (10)------------- to check that you have all the basic
equipment like cheese graters and knives as well. The recipes in most cookery books
have been tested many (11)-------------- so the instructions (12)--------------- be accurate
and clear. Read them through carefully and assemble all the things you (13)---------------
need. Another thing, (14)--------------- a lot of people forget unfortunately, is that
cleaning up as you go along makes cooking easier. My mother, (15)-------------- was a
superb cook, always said, “The best meals come from a tidy kitchen”.
34) Robert Falcon Scott, _____ most famous of British polar explorers, was born ____
Devonport, Britain ____ 1868. Because he had failed ____ reach the South Pole in 1908, Scott
decided ____ make a second attempt.
When Scott had chosen 40 men to take part in _____ expedition, his ship, the Terra
Nova, set off ______ Plymouth.
After they had picked up supplies in New Zealand, the Terra Nova reached Antarctica
_____ 1st November 1911 and the men made their base.
Scott then asked four men to accompany him on the final part _____ his journey. One
of the four men, Edward Wilson, had been ______ him on this first expedition. _____ five
men finally set off for the Pole after bad weather and illness had delayed them _____ two
months. ____ 16th January 1912, when they got to the Pole, they found ____ Norwegian flag
there. Scott ´s great rival, Roald Amundsen, had arrived a month before them. Tragically,
Scott and his companions hadn’t taken enough food for their return journey to the Terra
Nova _____ all five men died.
22. SURVIVAL
The weather made their progress (0) ..impossible.. As it POSSIBLE
had been raining (1) …................... all night they had to HEAVY
(6) …............... because it was the only way they could OPTIMIST
Their (7) ….............. , chosen for his knowledge, would help LEAD
was to (9) .................… them for the special task ahead HARD
of them. However, they had never imagined how (10) ..............… DANGER
Newspapers have a (01)................... for what the French call "squashed dog" stories. In
England, they are "goldfish emerging from bathroom tap" stories. Such stories run under the
"Man Bites Dog" (02)................... . From France comes the story of an (03)................... savage
attack on an old man near Calais carried out by a swarm of bees. The scenario might have
pleased Hitchcock. The victim was (04)................... himself in his garden at the time. The
firemen were called but were driven back into their van by the (05)................... of the insects.
After 45 minutes someone arrived with (06)................... clothing and (07)................... . By then
the man sitting in the deck chair was dead, covered in hundreds of stings, most of them on
his eyelids.
The French liked the story from London about grafting a pig's kidneys on to a human patient.
They went for the animal rights angle. They like the idea of putting a (08)................... ring
round the hospital to repel people who are intent on rescuing the pig from (09)................... .
From London, too, came the story of the brown paper parcel in London's main parcel sorting
office, a parcel which moved. Packages do not normally move very quickly through the post
office at the best of times, but this one was definitely frisky. A lady customs officer was
summoned to X-ray the package. The X-ray revealed a (10)................... reptile called a gila
monster wrapped in a sock. The subsequent police trail led to a salesman in Hampshire
whose back bedroom was filled with rattlesnakes, lethal lizards, snapping turtles and a
python, most of which he had sent himself through the post.
01. fond 02. head 03. except 04. sun 05. fierce 06. protect 07. insect 08. secure 09. member 10.
poison
Speaking to the (08).................. of the (09).................. committee, Mr Dai Jones, the new
mayor, provided an (10).................. . He said that the old mayor, Mr Tommy Davis, had a
serious problem. He said, "Mr Davis was very worried about his own death. And so,
whenever a new cemetery was suggested, he just couldn't say no."
01. direct 02. inhabit 03. thirteen 04. tradition 05. investigate 06. business 07. contract
08. law 09. inquire 10. explain
25. PARLIAMENT
Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The third
part of the (01) ...................... is the Monarchy, which is of (02) ................... (03) ......................
only.
The Lords are not elected. A member of the House of Lords can inherit his position, or he can
be made a member, appointed for his service to the State. The members of the House of
Lords receive no salary for their (04) ...................... work. However, they receive travelling
expenses from their homes to Westminster, together with an (05) ......................
(06) ...................... .
The House of Commons is a (07) ...................... (08)...................... elected by everyone over the
age of 18. Members receive a salary for their work, and are elected. The Commons is presided
over by the Speaker who is elected by the members immediately after a new Parliament is
formed.
English politics have been dominated by two parties: the Conservative, or Tory, party, and
the Socialist, or Labour, party. The small Liberal party also has quite a lot of popularity.
However, as England does not have proportional (09) ...................... , small parties are not
very (10)......................
01. govern 02. symbol 03. signify 04. parliament 05. attend 06. allow 07. represent 08.
assemble 09. represent 10. succeed
26 PIGEON POWER
Tom Jones, a psychologist, reports a new role for pigeons. Asked by a pharmaceutical
company to measure the effects of drugs on animal behaviour, Jones noticed one day that
some 70 women were employed to check flawed capsules. "That is a job any pigeon could
do," he said, because he knew about the pigeon's learning (01)............................ .
On (02)............................ , capsules left the (03)............................ line. There, Jones arranged for
a bright, narrow beam of light to pass through them. If a capsule was perfect, the light
showed a single spot; if it was (04)............................ , the light showed a double spot.
In their training, two pigeons were rewarded with food every time they correctly identified a
wrong capsule. The experiment worked. A (05)............................ belt carried the capsules as
fast as two a second past the pigeon (06)............................ , who achieved 99 per cent success
within a week.
But the company rejected (07)............................ of the pigeons on a permanent basis. They
feared (08)............................ that might be bad: The public might think pigeons were not as
(09)............................ as humans. "A main obstacle to progress," commented Jones sadly, "
remains man's obstinate belief in his (10)............................ over other creatures."
01. able 02. complete 03. produce 04. perfect 05. convey 06. inspect 07. employ 08. public
09. rely 10. superior
27. MEMORIES
I will never forget the most (0) ..wonderful…moment in our career WONDER
when we were given the highest score for our (1) …............... PERFORM
our dance routine finally paid off. The (5) ….............. that DIFFICULT
had chosen was soon overcome and becoming (7) …............ FAME
Those were the (8) …............ days of being young and EXCITE
(9) ...........… about everything and having the feeling that OPTIMISM
28. WORD BUILDING 1 For each of the six questions choose the one correct answer
1. Long is an adjective. What is the 4. ‘Safe’ is an adjective, what is its
related verb? related noun?
a. longing a. safely
b. lengthen b. safer
c. longthen c. safety
d. longering d. safeness
2. What is the opposite of 'resistible'? 5. What is the opposite of ‘tolerant’?
a. unresistible a. imtolerant
b. irresistible b. untolerant
c. disresistible c. distolerant
d. inresistible d. intolerant
3. What is the opposite of ‘patient’? 6. What's the opposite of 'perfect'?
a. impatient a. unperfect
b. inpatient b. inperfect
c. unpatient c. imperfect
d. dispatient d. deperfect
29. WORD BUILDING 2 For each of the six questions choose the one correct answer.
1. Which form of ‘walk’ starts this sentence? "________ is good for you."
a. To walk b. Walk c. Walking d. Walked
2. Make a new word from ‘economy’ to fill the space. "My new car is
more ________ than my last one."
a. economical b. Economic c. Economise d. economics
3. If something is edible, it can be ________.
a. carried b. Drunk c. thrown away d. eaten
4. If you are a co-pilot, you fly the plane together with the pilot. Which of
the following uses of ‘co’ is wrong?
a. Co-author b. Co-partner c. Co-owner d. Co-worker
5. The Internet is an amazing ________.
a. invent b. inventor c. invention d. inventive
6. What is a synonym of rude?
a. inpolite b. dispolite c. unpolited. d impolite
32-My mother was such an --------------- person, always busy, always in a hurry Energy
33-I made a stupid --------------- and so things didn’t turn out as I planned. Calculate
34-I`d like to do it --------------------- this time. I hope you don’t mind. Different
35-There is one important ------------------- between Sean and Katie. They both really enjoy
discussing politics. Similar
36-If you ate more -----------, you wouldn’t have all these problems with your skin. Health
37-I want to be an important -------------------- when I grow up . Science
38-It is almost impossible to actually measure ---------------- Intelligent.
39-He is ---------------- at mending things. I`ll just have to do it myself. Use
40-I have never felt such ----------------, though I was going to faint. Terrified
41-Just because it is a ----------------- problem, it does not make it any easy to live with.
Psychology
42- She always has this terrible ---------------- attacks, just before an exam. Anxious
43- You shouldn’t be --------------------- of this dog. He’s very friendly. Fright
44-In one ----------------- I was in, the star of the show fell off the stage. Produce
45-She’s a very experienced -----------------. She has been doing it for years. Perform
46-He is a ------------------ football player and has been one for years. Profession
47- It was so cold and we didn’t have any blankets so we ----------------- at night. Freeze
48-The --------------- of the ozone layer is one of the worst things that has happened.
Destroy
49-If we don’t send food , there will be ---------------- on a massive scale. Starve
50-We need to find a ------------------ to the problem before things get seriously out of hand.
Solve
51-There was a ------------------- of 100,000 in the center of London today. Demonstrate
52-It is shocking that 10% of the population live below the ---------------- line. Poor
53-Some of the most beautiful Indian tigers are facing --------------------- Extinct
54-If the ---------------- gets any worse, I’m going to move to the country. Pollute
55-I believe the ----------------- of the planet is worth fighting for. Survive
56------------------ is not necessarily something that comes with age. Wise
57) I always wanted to be a great (1) ------------------------ Science
I had these dreams of discovering a (2) -------------------- Revolution
new drug that would save the lives of hundreds of people.
Unfortunately, I was never very good at (3)------------------
at school and I kept producing Chemist
these horrible smells and the teacher used to
get very cross with me .After a while, I decided I would become an
(4)-------------------- and design an amazing new Invent
(5)--------------------- which would become a household Produce
name. My parents were quite encouraging, but told
me to be a little more (6)------------------- and not Real
quite so (7)--------------------. A few weeks later I had Ambition
a brilliant idea for a pen that, at least (8)-----------------,
would write upside down. To my Theory
(9)------------------ a friend of mine pointed out that Disappoint
it was not a new (10)-----------------------. Discover
(46) On reflection, I really loved Larry a lot, but I knew I shouldn't keep going out with him! (47) First of all,
he cursed and swore all the time, on the street and even in church! (48) Secondly, he dressed like a child, in torn, dirty
jeans.
(49) At first, I though he was youthful and free-spirited. (50) Then I realized that he was just immature.
(51) Next, I found out that he still lived with his mother. (52) Later, I found out that he didn't have a job. (52) After
this, somebody told me that he lived on money that his dead father had left him.
(53) Following this, I had a talk with him and told him to stop calling me. (54) Afterwards, he called me a few
times, but I always hung up the phone. (55) Soon he gave up and stopped calling me. (56) Finally, I was rid of him,
but I wasn't happy.
(57) Gradually, I got used to being without him even though I missed him. (58) Little by little, I started going
out to meet other people. (59) After a while, I met some really nice guys at parties. (60) After some time, I began
dating men again.
(61) Eventually, I met Harold, who is my present husband. We’ve been happy for twelve years.
(62) Hopefully, my daughter will meet somebody who is funny and free-spirited like Larry was. (63) With any
luck, he will also be responsible and considerate like her father is. (64) In the future, I will be ready to give her a
mother's advice when she starts dating men.
B. Genetic screening in business, or testing the genes of employees to see if they are
susceptible to workplace-related diseases, may present problems for the tested.
(a) __________, the genetic screening tests and technology in general are in their infancy
stages. (b) __________, many physicians and health professionals doubt their reliability. (c)
___________, once genetic information is recorded on employees, it cannot always be kept
secret. Even though employers are assured that their medical files are confidential, clerical
staff have access to them. (d) __________, if they are entered into a computer data base, they
are available to anyone with access. (e) __________, some argue that such screening
procedures are violations of personal rights. (f) __________, many cite similarities between
genetic screening and drug testing, noting that both involve a process of obtaining
information from unwilling individuals that might affect them adversely. Opponents of
genetic screening point out that some employees with the potential for workplace diseases
would rather run the risk than lose their jobs.
Multiple-choice gap-filling: Read the text below and choose from the menus the suitable answer. Then
check your answers. The first alternative [ character - credit - fame - reputation ] is already done for you.
1) ENGLISH SPELLING
Why does English spelling have a 0..reputation for being so difficult? English was
first written down when Christian monks came to England in Anglo-Saxon 1……
They used the 23 letters of Latin to write down the sounds of Anglo-Saxon 2……as they
heard it.
However, English has a 3... range of basic sounds (over 40) than Latin.
The alphabet was too small, and so combinations of letters were needed to 4...
the different sounds. Inevitably, there were inconsistencies in the way that letters were
combined. With the Norman invasion of England, the English language was put 5…. risk.
English survived, but the spelling of many English words changed to follow French 6…, and
many French words were 7…. into the language. The result was
more irregularity.
When the printing press was 8.. in the fifteenth century, many early printers of
English texts spoke other first languages. They 9… little effort to respect English
spelling. Although one of the short-term 10…of printing was to produce a
number of variant spellings, in the long term it created fixed spellings. People became
used to seeing words spelt in the same way. Rules were11…., and dictionaries
were put together which printers and writers could 12…. to.
1. a. ages b. centuries c. times d. years.
2. a. chat b. communication c. discussion d. speech
3. a. deeper b. longer c. thicker d. wider
4. a. explain b. express c. perform d. tell
5. a. at b. in c. on d. under
6. a. guides b. patterns c. plans d. types
7. a. announced b. found c. introduced d. started
8. a. discovered b. invented c. made up d. taken in
9. a. brought b. did c. made d. put
10. a. actions b. conclusions c. effects d. meanings
11. a. drawn up b. filled in c. got across d. handed out
12. a. check b. look c. refer d. see
2) Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), better known by the pen name Mark Twain, is best (1)
……..for his keen social observation and as the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The (2) ………became a landmark in the history of American literature.
The book first (3) ……..in 1885. Although it has been (4) ……..popular with young readers and taken as a
(5) ………. to the earlier Tom Sawyer, it has also (6) ……… the attention of serious literary critics. Based
in the mid 1800s, the novel often (7) ……..with deeply rooted attitudes, (8) ………. racism, of the time.
Immediately after its publication the book became controversial and has remained (9) ……..up to the
present. It has been (10) ………from the sections for children of several libraries and removed from
reading lists and school programs because of its alleged racism. However, its defenders claim that the
(11) ………of the book is anti-racist, (12) ……….to its satirical nature.
3) Environmental Concerns
Earth is the only (0) .planet.. we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1) ...
human activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (2) ... on
consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so
(3) ... to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the (4) ... resource we have by which all people
can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (5) ... built on or washed into the sea.
Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (6) ... We
discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (7) ...
the planet's ability to support people is being (8) ... at the very time when rising human
numbers and consumption are (9) ... increasingly heavy demands on it. The Earth's (10) ...
resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter
and minerals to (11) ... us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we
use the resources they will (12) ... indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively
they will soon run out and everyone will suffer.
1 . a. Although b. Still c. Yet d. Despite
2. a. continues b. repeats c. carries d. follows
3. a. already b. just c. for d. entirely
4. a. alone b. individual c. lone d. only
5. a. sooner b. neither c. either d. rather
6. a. quite b. greatly c. utterly d. completely
7. a. development b. result c. reaction d. product
8. a. stopped b. narrowed c. reduced d. cut
9. a. doing b. having c. taking d. making
10 a. natural b. real c. living d. genuine
11 a. hold b. maintain c. stay d. keep
12 a. last b. stand c. go d. remain
4) No More Classes
The use (0) ... computers has meant students can study language programmes (1) ... their own
speed when and for how long they want - and no need to worry about the teacher having a
favourite or doing (2) ... another boring lesson. What's more, in the virtual classrooms of the
future the student will (3) ... on their headset, and be transported into an imaginary school,
choose their class, take the books they need off the shelf and (4) ... conversations with other
computerised students.
They might (5) ... choose to pay a visit to the supermarket or the train station, the bank or the
restaurant. At the (6) ... of a button they would be transported to (7) ... realistic settings where
they could practice their English, maybe getting a hand (8) ... a virtual English companion.
All this perhaps, at the computer, from the comfort of their home: no (9) ... to catch the bus to
college, or a plane to England.
Exciting? Certainly, and an interesting alternative to traditional classroom lessons. But would
it ever (10) ... the classroom? Hopefully not. (11) ... the need to relate to real people talking
about real issues and generally learning a little more about others will always lead language
learners to (12) ... at least a little of their time with real people.
1. a. with b. for c. at d. in
2. a. still b. for c. yet d. already
3. a. place b. put c. set d. get
4. a. take b. do c. catch d. hold
5. a. although b. preferably c. instead d. contrary
6. a. force b. hit c. depress d. push
7. a. so b. such c. like d. alike
8. a. with b. to c. from d. for
9. a. role b. duty c. obligation d. need
10. a. replace b. restore c. succeed d. recover
11. a. definitely b. mainly c. totally d. surely
12 . a. spend b. make c. have d. do
5) OLYMPIC SCANDAL: Scandal has haunted the Olympic Games in modern times. At the
very first Games, an Englishman called Flack (01)............................ off briskly in front of the
(02)............................ in the marathon. He was (03)............................ by his butler on a bicycle..
When they neared Athens, he (04)............................ the butler back to (05)............................ who
was behind him. The butler went back about a mile but found nobody. He rode back to Flack
and said, "There's nobody. You can win this thing on your head." Then soon after,
(06)............................ ran one Greek, then another, and another, and another. They were full of
running. Perhaps Flack took a long (07)............................ round?
At the next Marathon, in 1900, in Paris, the winner was a Frenchman who worked as a baker's
roundsman. It was (08)............................ suspected that he was able to take numerous short
(09)............................ because of his experience delivering bread in the area.
Four years later, the Games were held in St Louis, in the USA. This (10)............................
suspicions were proved, and the scandal great. The American runner who finished first in the
marathon was discovered to have accepted a (11)............................ from a car. He was
disqualified.
It is not so much the scandals and disputes of recent years that have (12)............................ the
Games. It is their sheer (13)............................ , their excessive cost, their indulgence of national
pride. One very sensible suggestion is that future Games should be restricted to individual
(14)............................ in which one person clearly wins. All team games would go, and no one
would feel any loss at the disappearance of Olympic soccer, a pale (15)............................ of the
more professional game.
06. a. up b. round c. by d. to
6) INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM
The death of Fred Hill was recorded by a (01)........................... article in the Times newspaper.
Fred was 74 years old and died in prison. He was in prison for the 32nd time. Why?.
(02)........................... for any great crime, but for a reason you may find difficult to understand.
You see, Fred was a motorcyclist who (03)........................... to wear a crash helmet.
The police (07)........................... him. They (08)........................... a blind eye when they could. But
often they had no choice. And in the court they had no choice (09)........................... to send him
to prison because he refused to pay the fines. They usually (10)........................... him 30 days.
But the last time, they gave the old man two months. Some way through the sentence, Fred
suffered a heart attack and died.
Was he heroic? If he was, he was a most unlikely hero. But perhaps we do need someone to
(11)........................... out for the little liberties, the sort of (12)........................... which the greater
boring mass of "public opinion" considers too silly, too undignified, not worth
(13)........................... about. The sort of thing there are no votes in for (14)............................ Fred
Hill stood for an individual freedom, which is a freedom to do things that the
(15)........................... generally considers to be silly, harmful, immoral or unnecessary.
(1)............................. English people will forget to say "Thank you" after (2)............................. ,
and "Please" after acceptance. It is always "No, thank you" and "Yes, please". If you phone an
office, and (3)............................. to speak to Mr Smith, his secretary will say, "Oh, I'm
(4)........................... sorry. He's out." It seems to be her fault. She seems to (5)............................. it
personally.
Typical of English good manners is the typical fictional murderer. The typical American
murderer is a killer, a gangster, or a drug-addict. He is the complete outsider, fighting against
the (6)............................. of the rest of society. The typical English murderer is completely
(7)............................. . He will be a little, (8)............................. man. As far as his work is
concerned, he is (9)............................. to be a habitual criminal. He is more likely to belong to
the professional classes, perhaps a dentist or a solicitor. He will be completely respectable,
and live in the prim and (10)............................. suburbs. The chances are that his house will be
semi-detached so that his inquisitive neighbors can hear (11)............................. noises through
the wall. He will be a non-drinker, perhaps teetotal. Conservative in politics, he will go to a
Protestant church.
The (12)............................. for murder will be a guilty passion for his secretary or the wife of a
colleague. The person he murders will be his wife, And the murder will not be done on the
(13)............................. of the moment. It will be planned to the (14)............................. detail, His
motive will be that it is better to murder his wife than to (15)............................. his
respectability.
Mrs Stark was (14).................... a divorce, but Mr. Stark appealed against the decision. It cost
him £6,000 in legal fees, much more than it cost him to get married in the first (15).................. "
10. a. as b. for c. in d. to
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