Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(Yours’ study 90% citations/references should be post 2000. Use maximum Journal
references. Your work should be in your own wordings, you are allowed only 15%
plagiarism)
Chapter # 1 (6-8 pages)
(Write this chapter in present tense)
Introduction
1.1 Background (pages 4-5)
Introduction of study along with its origin, history and background, Introduce the topic with the
support of references in ascending order. Also write the introduction of company, organization,
sector or industry, where you are going to conduct the research. But your main focus should be
on the topic. Describe each variable in this part.
1.3 Problem Identification/ Broad Problem Area/Need of the Study (2-3 pages)
You have to identify the problem, where the actual problem is existing theoretically as well as
practically, as we have discussed in the class how to identify the problem, I mean build a story by
three different ways 1) Find the gap from literature with proper references (future directions/
limitations of updated papers specially from 2009-10-11-12 papers); 2) build the local scenario
of your target sector or companies by comparing the theory/literature and practice/actual
situation and 3) compare the current situation of your particular sector or company with globe
and then write situation of Pakistan. This is the very important part of your study.
Write the actual problem/crux in one or two sentence/s drive it from the problem identification.
Discuss the importance/worth/rationale of the study, what kind of benefit and who will be the
beneficiary/ies of this work, what will be the practical implications, how this study will
contribute in your particular area or sector? What kind of policy will be given by this study?
What will be the scope of your research in future? How much your study will cover the scenario?
How much the study results are generalized?
Literature Review (Write this chapter in past tense, almost use second form)
In this part explain your study variables by the support of citations/references, I mean bombard
this part with references. Literature review should be written as i.e. the significant relationship
was found among the dependent and independent variables (Aurther, 2009: 23 page); or Sing
(2010) conducted a research on…………. page numbers if feel convenient. Also put you voice
among the different scholars ideas/finds (I mean commentary).
At the end of the literature review before theoretical framework you have to write the summery
of the literature how many variables are used and what relationship is found in the literature?
Draw a figure which shows the independent/s mediating/moderating/ intervening and dependent
variables relationship and put the sign (+ or -) on arrows on the bases of literature review.
OR
Draw the hypothesis/es on the bases of literature review. What relationship was found in
previous researches and yours’ study assumptions/hypotheses will be in line of previous studies.
Chapter # 3 (5-8 pages)
(At proposal writing stage write this chapter in future tense, almost use will, and shall and
students at project/thesis writing stage use past tense i.e. was, were)
Research Methodology
Explain what is research design? and what will be the design of this study?
Explain what is population? and what will be the population of this study?
Explain the techniques of sampling and what will be sampling technique of this study?
3.5 Instrument and Measures/ Research Tools (very important part of the chapter)
Write about the research instrument, how many variables are used? How many are independents
and dependents? Write their names. Is scale/instrument/questionnaire self developed or adopted
or adapted from previous studies? If adopted/adapted from past studies give their references.
Also write how many items/statements/questions are used to measure the each variable. Which
software will be used for analysis?
Write the different techniques of data analysis which have been used in previous studies i.e.
Smith (2011) conducted research/analyzed on………………. And used/apply the technique
towards data analysis ……………….
3.3 Data
From where the data of each variable was taken and what was the time span?
3.4 Statistics
Write about the variables, their formulas/equations etc. dependent, and independent variables
3.5 Techniques
What will be the most appropriate technique for data analysis and introduction of that technique?
Backgrounds of those technique, assumptions etc.
References (Should be in APA style, which is give in the AIOU manual at page # 52)
The citations/references which are used in text must be include in reference list and should
be written in proper referencing style.
Questionnaire should be designed as following
APPENDIX
Questionnaire:
The study is being conducted by -----; --- University Islamabad Campus. The primary objective
of this study is to ----------. I wish to assure you that any response you make will be strictly
confidential. If you have any query, you can contact at E-mail: -------- or Cell: ----------.
1. GenderMale ( ) Female ( )
Rating
Strongly Strongly
Sr. # Variables Disagree Neutral Agree
Disagree Agree
(2) (3) (4)
(1) (5)
I Name of Variable 1
1
2
3
4
II Name of second Variable
III Name of third Variable
If any point you are not understanding then read the AIOU manual each part is explained