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Country : Republic of Estonia

Topic : Cyber Security – A threat in The New Dimension


Committee : The Disarmament and International Security

Information technology enables life to be translated into digits, sent and


recorded by a massive number of interconnected machines by creating a saved house
inside a cyberspace. Ironically, the existence of individual hacker or party like
anonymous, threatening the cyberspace by stealing civilian, company, and
government data irresponsibly. Cybercrime activity has cost a lot of damage toward
our global economy, a report (sponsored by McAfee) estimates that the annual
damage to the global economy is at $445 billion

The enormous number of cyber crime that happened globally has led United
Nations (UN) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) to adopt Global
Cybersecurity Index (GCI) in order to counter cyber crime that keeps augmenting. “A
comparison of national cyber security strategies will reveal those countries with high
rankings in specific area, and consequently highlight lesser know – yet successful –
cyber security strategies,”. While DISEC has adopted a strong resolution such as
"Developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of
international security”. Creation of a global culture of cybersecurity and taking stock
of national efforts to protect critical information infrastructure.

Estonia was one of the first countries in the world to adopt a national cyber
security strategy in 2008. The overall goal of the strategy is to ‘increase cybersecurity
capabilities and raise the population’s awareness of cyber threats, thereby ensuring
continued confidence in cyberspace.’ Moreover, The Estonian Information Systems
Authority (Riigi Infosüsteemi Amet, RIA) was established in 2011 as Estonia’s central
cyber security competence and coordination centre within the governance area of the
Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. One of RIA’s principal
areas of responsibility lies within exercising supervision, which has been proven
successful to suppress cybercrime exercise up to 83%. Estonia recognizes the
importance of being an active cyber security advocate in the international arena. It
has been one of the leading countries in promoting initiatives related to cyber
security in NATO, the EU, the United Nations, the Council of Europe, OSCE, ITU,
and other international organizations.

Security is the key word of preventive actions that is addressed to protect


civilian, company and government. Note that in the case of cybercrime is not a single
nation’s problem, because hacker can simply commit the crime from other state or
even continent to make sure they are out from the targeted state’s radar. Estonia
believes, that even though each state can develop their own cybersecurity agency, a
more comprehensive and much more accountable protection will happen by applying
these solutions:
1. Developing exchange mechanisms of cyber threat and attack information so
that the states can protect itself.
As part of combating cybercrime that has various of behavior (spam, mallious
software, hacking, etc), Estonia believes its importance for states to develop
their trust mechanisms in a diplomatic form to exchange information that
later can be used for each country to enhance their own cybersecurity system.

2. Organizing an integrated cyber exercise, utilizing experience from the military


exercises already undertaken, to test our preparedness.
The most important things if we are under the threat of unknown sources are
our preparedness. It is possible for each state cybersecurity agency to exercise
collectively to test our capability. Take a look of “Locked Shield” for instance
the biggest and most advanced international live-fire cyber defense exercise in
the world. The annual scenario-based real-time network defense exercise,
focuses on training the security experts who protect national IT systems on a
daily basis. With total 26 nations that involved. Estonia believes this kind of
event should not be a privilege for some countries only, but should be utilize
globally to prepared every single nation to combat cybercrime.

3. Establishing prevention, apprehension , prosecution mechanism.


- Prevention is the measures to reduce the possibility of cybercrime
intention, Estonia highly suggest to use ISO27001:2013 which is
international security standard, not only on state level but also in ATM or
Mega-company, to prevent financial hacking by the hacker.
- Apprehension is the measures to arrest the cybercrime perpetrators,
Estonia encourage communication and cooperation between states to track
the hacker, because this people usually operate in the country far away
from their target
- Prosecution is the measures to prosecute cybercrime perpetrators, Estonia
suggest for country to strengthen their cybercrime law. By strengthening
each country criminal justice system, it will bring deterrence towards the
cybercrime perpetrators and deliver justice to cybercrime victim. That is
why Estonia stand proud to propose this solution.

References
- Cyber Defences Exercise/Locked Shield 2016. (2016). (online) availible at :
https://ccdcoe.org/locked-shields-2016.html
- Osula. A. M. National Cyber Security Organization : Estonia. (2015). (Journal)
- United Nations Launches Global Cybersecurity Index. (2017). (online) availible at :
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Cybersecurity/Pages/United-Nations-Launches-Global-
Cybersecurity-Index.aspx

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