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utoCAD Tutorial 5:

FOR RELEASE 2000i

PLEASE READ: ___________

     These tutorials were designed to be part of the introductory courses taught by the Graphic 
Communications Program at NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY. All of the directions used in 
this, and the other tutorials in this series, assume that you are running AutoCAD Release 2000i on an NT 
system. These directions will only work with Release 2000i. Other versions may not have the same 
commands or format.

OBJECTIVES:
After this tutorial you will be able to:

1. Convert a two­dimensional object to polylines;

2. use the EXTRUDE command to create a solid from an object made of Polylines; 

3. use the REVOLVE command to create a solid from an object made of Polylines; and 
4. apply the practice of Revolution Conventions to the multiview representation of a model. 

STEP 1
     In this tutorial, you will create an advanced solid model, and convert the model to a multiview drawing 
through the Solview and Soldraw commands. FIGURE 1 provides a preliminary view of the model 
you will construct, with the subparts identified.

FIGURE 1

To begin this tutorial, locate and open the classtemplate file you have used before. 

Now, save your file under the name tutorial5. 

Finally, move to Model space by clicking on the Model tab. 

STEP 2
    To construct this model, you will create a series of two­dimensional elements that can be converted to a
solid to form the first part of the model, the Base Plate. The first element you need for the Base Plate is a 
circle. This circle's center should should be located at the 0,0 point and have a radius of 80mm. See 
FIGURE 3. 

FIGURE 3 

To the large circle, add a 5mm radius circle that is vertically aligned with the center of the larger circle 
and 65mm above it. See FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 4

With the small circle in place, you will use a new command, called Array, to make multiple copies of the 
small circle. There are two Array commands in AutoCAD, one for 2D elements and one for Solids. Each 
Array command is capable of producing two types of arrays, Rectangular and Polar. To access this 
command, type array at a Command: prompt or select Array on the Modify menu. Look at FIGURE 5 
which provides a view of the Array dialogue box that will appear after Polar Array is selected. The items 
in this dialogue box that you need to interact with or change are numbered to match the directions below it.

FIGURE 5 

1. In the Array dialogue box, select the button next to Polar to indicate you wish to create this type of
array. 

2. Next, click on the button to the right of this that is labeled, 
Select an object. AutoCAD will return you to your 
drawing so that you can select the item or items you wish to 
array. Click on the edge of the smaller circle you added and 
press Enter. You will
return to the Array dialogue box.
3. On the dialogue box, locate the button to 
the Right of the Y selection window for 
Center point:. Again you will return to 
the drawing. This time use the Center Osnap to select the 
center of the large circle as the center of the array. You will again
return to the dialogue box.
4. Now, locate the window labeled: Number of items: and type 20 in the window. Leave the Angle
of fill: at 360 so that the array will be full circle. Click on OK to complete the array and exit the 
dialogue box. The completed array will look like FIGURE 6. 

FIGURE 6

Looks like a good time to save! 

With the array completed, you will use the Extrude command to convert the circles to solid cylinders.

The Extrude command can only be used with Polyline (plines) objects that have a "closed path." 
These include objects like circles and polygons, objects constructed as polylines that have a closed path, 
and 2D drawings that have been converted to polylines that have a closed path. By "closed path" I mean 
that each element in the figure is linked to the end of another element without any gaps. See the EXAMPLE
to the Right. You may recall that it was necessary to explode the hexagon you added in Tutorial 2 before 
you could remove two of its sides. This was because AutoCAD used Polylines to construct polygons.

You can extrude more than one item at a time as long as they should be the same height. Read the 
information on the Extrude command and then extrude all the elements you have created so they have a 
positive thickness of 10mm and are NOT tapered.

When you are finished, the figure will not look any different on the screen. To see the extrusion, you need 
to change your view point. Use the Vpoint command and ROTATE your view to 300 degrees IN the XY
Plane and 35 degrees FROM the XY Plane. The image on the screen should now match the one in 
FIGURE 7.

FIGURE 7

To complete the Base Plate, subtract the small cylinders from the large cylinder using the Subtract 
command. If needed, you can use the link to review the procedures for this command.

Again, the model will not look any different than the one in FIGURE 7. To check your model, use either 
the Hide or Render command and then convert it back to its normal wire frame appearance with 
regen.

Your Base Plate is now complete. 

Have you saved? 
STEP 3
     The second part of the model is the Bearing Base. Before beginning the construction of this part, change
your Vpoint to 270 degrees IN the XY Plane and 90 degrees FROM the XY Plane. The model will again
look like FIGURE 6.

Use the Realtime Zoom (if needed) so you have room on the screen to draw this part of the model to 
one side of the Base Plate.

The Bearing Base will again be created as a 2D object that you extrude; however, this part will begin as a 
series of 2D elements that will be edited and then converted to Polylines with the Pedit command.

To construct this part, move to a blank region of AutoCAD's drawing area, to the left of the Base Plate, and 
construct a circle with a 10mm Radius. Use a left mouse click, in a blank spot of the drawing area, to locate
the center of this circle.

Now, you will use a new command, Copy, to create a second circle the same size. NOTE: The Copy 
command can copy single or multiple items. Read the information on the Copy command and make a 
copy of the last circle you created. Locate the copy to the LEFT of the original, align it HORIZONTALLY 
with the original, and 96mm away from the original. See FIGURE 8.

FIGURE 8

Add a construction line connecting the centers of the two circles. Use this line to place a 25mm radius 
circle at the line's midpoint so that it is centered between the smaller circles. See FIGURE 9.
FIGURE 9

Keep the line used to add the larger circle. You will use it later to place the Bearing Base on top of the 
Baseplate.

Finally, add tangent lines (use the Tangent Osnap) that connect each small circle to the larger circle, as 
shown in FIGURE 10. Review the Osnap 

Tangent command before adding these lines.

FIGURE 10

Trim the circles so they match FIGURE 11.

FIGURE 11

PSST! Save 
With the circles trimmed, it is time to turn this figure into a closed set of Polylines with the Pedit 
command. Read the information on the Pedit command and use its Join option to convert the Bearing 
Base to Polylines (except for the line down the middle). You now have a polyline 2D object with a closed 
path. The figure will appear the same when you are done, but you can check it by clicking on one line in 
the figure. If the figure is a polyline, the whole figure should select.

Before you Extrude the figure, change the Vpoint back to 300 degrees IN the XY Plane and 35 degrees 
FROM the XY Plane so that you can see the figure as a 3D object after it is extruded. See FIGURE 12.

FIGURE 12

With the drawing converted to Plines, use the Extrude command to convert it to a solid that has a 
positive height of 20mm and no taper. See FIGURE 13. 

NOTE: Remember, if you wanted to extrude the figure in the opposite direction, you would use a negative 
number for the height. Height is always along the Z­axis.

If your object will not extrude, zoom in close to inspect the intersections of the lines. AutoCAD will not 
extrude a figure, even if you used Pedit, if there are any gaps in the figure's edge or lines that extend past 
the intersections. Because of the way a computer monitor displays an image, they may not show at a smaller 
view of the figure. If this is the problem, undo the Pedit, fix the lines, use Pedit again, and try the 
Extrude command once more.

FIGURE 13

FIGURE 14

Now that you have a solid Bearing Base, you need to place it on top of the Base Plate. Read the information 
on the Move command and use it to move the Bearing Base so that it is centered with the TOP of the 
Baseplate.

HINT: Use the Midpoint of the horizontal construction line (used to locate the large circle during the 
Bearing Base's construction) as its basepoint and an absolute coordinate for the Bearing Base's new 
location. The absolute coordinate should be 0,0,10, since the Bearing Base must sit on top of the 
Baseplate, and the top of the Baseplate's center is 10mm above the 0,0 point. See FIGURE 14.

 NOTE: You can use a coordinate or an Osnap to select the Basepoint during the Move command. 
If you use an Osnap, the element you use as the Basepoint does not have to be part of the object you 
are moving. In the move you just completed, the line at the bottom of the Bearing Base was not part of the 
extruded part, but was used to locate the center of the bottom of the Bearing Base. When needed, you can 
temporarily add elements to a figure for this purpose. This is the same as adding construction lines in a 
manual drawing.

STEP 4
For the last part of the model, you will create a cylinder with a chamfered counterbored hole by revolving
a 2D Polyline 360 degrees to form a solid. The Revolve command can be used to create a circular or
arched shape from any set of closed plines.

First, you need to set your UCS to a FRONT orientation.

You will begin the construction of the Counterbored Cylinder the same way you began the last one, as a
series of lines that you will convert to a Polyline.

Change your Vpoint to 270 degrees IN the XY Plane and 0 degrees FROM the XY plane. You should
now be looking directly at the FRONT surfaces of the Baseplate and Bearing Base. This is also a good
time to see if the Bearing Base is properly oriented to the Baseplate. If they are not correctly aligned, use the
Move command to reposition the Bearing Base.

Look at FIGURE 15, which shows a diagram of the 2D figure you will create and provides the
dimensions to create it. Again, construct this figure in blank space on AutoCAD's drawing area. It
will be moved into place after you convert it to a solid.

FIGURE 15

Using the diagram in FIGURE 15, create this structure. If you need to review the Relative
Rectangular or Relative Polar coordinates, use the LINKS in the LEFT PANEL. See FIGURE 16 for a view
of the 2D figure when you are done.

FIGURE 16

Notice that you were asked to add a line to the right side of the "closed" figure, which was 5mm from it.
This is a construction line you will use as the axis of rotation when you rotate the figure. This will create an
opening through the Chamfered-Counterbored Cylinder.

Once the figure is complete, convert it to a "closed" Polyline path with the Pedit command.

Read the information on the Revolve command and follow the directions below.

1. Activate the Revolve command.

2. Select the figure you just converted to Polylines.

3. Use the default option for the Axis of revolution of


<Start point of axis> and an Osnap to select one end
of the construction line that is 5mm away from the
structure.

4. When asked for the End of the Axis:, use an Osnap to


select the opposite end of the same construction line.

5. When asked for the Angle of revolution:, use the default of <360>.

Your figure should now look like a cylinder with a counterbored hole and a chamfered edged as it would
appear from a FRONT view (see FIGURE 17).

FIGURE 17

To see the Counterbored Cylinder as a 3D object, change your viewpoint to 300 degrees IN the XY plane
and 35 degrees FROM the XY plane (see FIGURES 18).

FIGURE 18
STEP 5
In this step you will combine the Counterbored Cylinder, the Bearing Base, and the Baseplate into one
model. When placing the Counterbored Cylinder on top of the Bearing Base, you will need to be sure you
are selecting the correct basepoint on the solids so they will be correctly aligned.

See FIGURE 19.

Use the Move command and select the Center of the BOTTOM of the Counterbored Cylinder as the
basepoint for this move. When asked for a second position, select the Center of a TOP EDGE of
one of the larger arcs on the Bearing Base. See FIGURE 18 to view the Counterbored Cylinder placed
correctly in relationship to the other two solids.

HINT: To select the center of these features, you must place your cursor on the circle's edge. Be careful to
place the cursor on the correct circles. It can sometime be tricky to select the correct circle when the model
is in wireframe. You can always use the Hide command first to make sure you are selecting the correct
elements.

FIGURE 19

To check the placement of the Counterbored Cylinder, change your viewpoint to 270 degrees IN the XY
plane and 0 degrees FROM the XY plane (a front view). If the Cylinder is not correctly placed, you can
see that it either sits above the Bearing Base or extends down into it. It should look like FIGURE 20.

Because you are viewing the solids as wireframes, which saves computer resources, it is not
always easy to tell where the solids intersect with each other. Changing your viewpoint is
one strategy you can use to check this. Accuracy counts, and it pays to "measure twice and
cut once" before you combine the parts into a single model.

FIGURE 20

If the parts are correctly aligned, change your Vpoint back to 300 and 35, and use the Union
command to merge the three parts into one.
NOTE: Notice that you were not told to combine the three solids until they were all complete. If you union
or subtract parts of a model and later discover that the placement of some features are incorrect, they can be
hard to fix. Keep things as individual items and union or subtract them after you are sure that all the
elements of the model are correctly constructed and positioned.

With one solid to work with:

1. Change the UCS back to a WORLD orientation.

2. Use the Cylinder command to create two 5mm radius cylinders, concentric with the smaller arcs
on each end of the Bearing Base, that have a height of 20mm. See FIGURE 21. HINT: Use the
Center Osnap to locate the cylinders; however, if you select the arcs at the top of the figure to
locate the cylinders, you must use a negative height.
FIGURE 21

3. Now, subtract the cylinders from the Bearing Base.

4. Add another cylinder that continues the smaller center hole in the Chamfered-Counterbored
Cylinder through the rest of the model. This cylinder should start at the BOTTOM of the existing
small hole in the Counterbored Cylinder, have a radius of 5, and have a height of 30. See
FIGURE 22.
Should you use a positive or negative height in this case?

FIGURE 22

In the last step, you could have used a height that was more than needed. Since you
will be subtracting this cylinder, a larger height does not matter.

Use the Subtract command to remove the cylinder you just added to create a
through hole.

STEP 6
With the model complete, you will then use Solview to create a front, top and right side multiview
orientation of the figure, followed by Soldraw to extract the 2D images.

Below is a brief list of things to help you remember the steps for this conversion. You can also refer to the
list of AutoCAD Commands Explanations in the area to the LEFT of this screen if the hints are not
enough to get you through this process. I would suggest you first try to proceed on your own, since you learn
more that way. If you need more help, you can refer to Tutorial 4 to complete these tasks.

Solview & Soldraw:

1. Change to a FRONT UCS.


2. Change to Layout1 and remove the viewport that AutoCAD automatically places there by clicking
on the edge of the viewport and using the Erase command.

3. Activate the Solview command by typing solview at a Command: Prompt.


4. For the FRONT view, use the Ucs option, and a scale of .5.
5. Place the view in an appropriate location for a front view. Remember you can change its position
several times until you are satisfied.

6. When specifying the corners of the viewport that surround this view, make sure it is large enough
to accommodate the addition of center lines. NOTE: If you get the viewports too small, you can
stretch them later.
7. Name the Front view FRONT.
8. After the Front view is placed, use the Ortho option of Solview to place the other two views.
Name the Top view TOP and the Right Side view SIDE.

Remember, the hidden lines will not appear until you complete Soldraw.

NOTE: If you need to ZOOM across all of the


views, make sure you are in the PAPER side of
Paper Space before you Zoom. If you
accidentally Zoom in the MODEL side of
Paper Space you will need to use Zoom XP to
return the images to the same scale, and Mvsetup
to realign the views.

FIGURE 23

Activate Soldraw, to convert the views on the 
screen to 2D images by typing soldraw at a 
Command: prompt. When asked to select the 
objects, you can type in all to select all of the 
viewports or click on the edge of each one until they are all selected. 

After Soldraw is completed, you must change the color of some layers, the lineweigths of some layers 
and add three new layers.

Click on the Layer toolbutton next to the Layer Status Window to access the Layer Properties


Manager dialogue box.

—In this dialogue box, change the color of the ­HID layers by clicking on the Color setting in the property 
listing of these layers and selecting a new color on the Color Select dialogue box.

—While still in the Layer Properties Manager dialogue box, click on the word Default under the 


Lineweight heading in the layer properties of the ­VIS layers to access the Lineweight dialogue box. In 
the Lineweight dialogue box, change the lineweight.

— Create a Front­cen, Side­cen, and Top­cen Layer and change their color. 

Have you saved lately????

STEP 7
     With Soldraw completed, you need to make a few modifications 
before printing the drawing.

While in the PAPER side of Paper Space, Zoom into the 


FRONT View.

Change to the MODEL side of Paper Space by clicking on the PAPER button on the end of the 


Status Bar. See illustrations below.

Be careful not to Zoom at this point or you will change the size of the Front view relative to the other 
two views. 

In FIGURE 24, you will notice that only three holes are represented by hidden lines in the Base Plate area 
of the Front view, the two small holes on the left and right and the taller hole that extends from the bottom 
of the counterbore. If you examine your drawing, you will see a huge number of hidden lines in the Base 
Plate that represent the edges of the arrayed holes. Simplifying this type of view is a common practice in 
technical graphics known as REVOLUTION CONVENTIONS. Removing most of these hidden lines 
creates a simpler drawing that is easier to understand.

FIGURE 24
To apply the concept of REVOLUTION CONVENTIONS to your drawing, you will erase all of the hidden 
lines in the Base Plate except the two for the tall center hole, which extends from the bottom of the 
Counterbored Cylinder, and the hidden lines that form the outside holes on either end.

FIGURE 25

How do you know which they are? I'll tell you.

Erase most of the hidden lines in the Base Plate area of the model except:

—the short lines on the outside edges of the Baseplate,

— the third short line in from the outside edges of the Baseplate, and

—the two that extend from the base of the Counterbored Cylinder.

Repeat this process for the Right side view. Refer to FIGURE 25 to check your modifications.

Now, add center lines where needed. Use Center Marks (select this command on the 
Dimensioning Menu) for the small holes in the Top view. See FIGURE 26. REMINDER: Be sure to 
change to the appropriate -CEN layer for the view when adding center lines. Lines placed in the wrong layer
will cause headaches later when using VPLAYER to freeze the center lines in the other views. 

1. Use ltscale (Line type Scale) to change the length of the dashes in the hidden and center 


lines to a factor of .5. 

2. Use Vplayer for each viewport to freeze the center lines placed in other viewports so they are not 
displayed.

NOTE: If you find that the wrong center lines disappear during Vplayer, undo the last steps, and
check to see if they were drawn in the correct layer. This is easy to do through the Layer Status
Window (see FIGURE below). Select a line, and the name of the layer on which that line was 
drawn will appear in the Layer Status Window. If you need to move the line to a different 
layer, select it, and then select the layer name in the Layer Status Window drop­down menu. 
Press Ecs. 
3. To make the Floating Viewport borders invisible, change to the PAPER side of Paper Space 
and click on the light bulb  located by it on the Layer Status Window. 

FIGURE 26 
Now, Explode the titleblock, if necessary, and use ddedit to edit the text. Remember that you used a .5 
scale when placing this views in Solview, so what scale should you list in the titleblock for the drawing? 

Finally, print the drawing according to the specifications we have used in the past. 

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