MICROBIOLOGY 1

Introduction to Microbiology

 Micros (small) + bio (life) + logos (study of) = ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)
Microbiology  German bacteriologist was the first to cultivate
 Father of Cell theory – Robert Hooke anthrax bacteria outside the body using blood
 Father of Microbiology – Louis Pasteur; developed rabies serum at body temperature
vaccine  Building on Pasteur’s "germ theory", he
 Father of Anti septic surgery – Joseph Lister subsequently published "Koch's postulates" (1884),
 Father of Immunology – Edward Jenner the critical test for the involvement of a
 Father of Mycology – Raymond Sabouraud microorganism in a disease
 Paul Ehrlich – coined the term Chemotherapy; made the first 1. The agent must be present in every case of the
synthetic chemotherapeutic drug (salvarsan) disease
 Spontaneous generation – hypothesis that some forms of 2. The agent must be isolated and cultured in
life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter vitro
3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure
HISTORICAL TIME LINE culture of the agent is inoculated into a
 1677 – First Observed "little animals" (Antony susceptible host
Leeuwenhoek) 4. The agent must be recoverable from the
 1796 – First scientific Small pox vaccination (Edward experimentally-infected host
Jenner)
 1850 – Advocated washing hands to stop the spread of
disease (Ignaz Semmelweis)
 1861 – Disproved spontaneous generation (Louis Pasteur)
 1862 – Supported Germ Theory of Disease (Louis
Pasteur)
 1867 – Practiced antiseptic surgery (Joseph Lister)
 1876 – First proof of Germ Theory of Disease with B.
anthracis discovery (Robert Koch)
 1881 – Growth of Bacteria on solid media (Robert Koch)
 1882 – Outlined Koch’s postulates (Robert Koch)
 1882 – Developed acid-fast Stain (Paul Ehrlich)
 1884 – Developed Gram Stain (Christian Gram)
 1885 – First Rabies vaccination (Louis Pasteur)
 1887 – Invented Petri Dish (R.J. Petri)
 1892 – Discovered viruses (Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski)
 1899 – Recognized viral dependence on cells for
reproduction (Martinus Beijerinck)
 1900 – Proved mosquitoes carried the yellow fever agent
(Walter Reed)
 1910 – Discovered cure for syphilis (Paul Ehrlich)
 1928 – Discovered Penicillin (Alexander Fleming)
 1952 – Hershey & Chase Experiments identified that DNA
was the genetic material of Bacteriophages
 1977 – Developed a method to sequence DNA (W.
Gilbert & F. Sanger)
 1983 – Polymerase Chain Reaction invented (Kary
Mullis)
 1995 - First microbial genomic sequence published (H.
influenzae) (TIGR)

I Brihaspathi Academy I Subscriber’s Copy I

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