EST Module 1 and 2

# Answers Questions
1 A3C Amplitude modulation via Facsimile
2 F3C Frequency modulation via Facsimile
3 Facsimile What emission is F3C?
4 300 MHz to 3 GHz Troposcatter in Sky Wave Propagation occurs in what range of frequency
5 Salty Which of the following terrain types permits a ground wave to travel the farthest?
What of the following permits a microwave signal to travel in one direction with virtually no
6 Isolator loss, but severely attenuates any signal attempting to travel in the reverse direction?
7 Isolator Ferrite rod device that prevents the formation of reflected waves
It can be use in different antenna because
8 of LC circuit Advantage of Trap Antenna
9 pulse duration In Pulse Width Modulation,
10 pulse width modulation varying pulses
11 45 Expose ground equipment should no t exceed ____ Vrms
12 4/3 Typical earth factor
13 Proportional to Antenna gain Directivity is
14 at the ends Current node in a half wave antenna is located
15 at the feed Voltage node in a half wave antenna is located
16 Antenna current increases by 22.5 % from zero modulation to 100% modulation,
17 Isotropic Antenna The standard reference antenna for a directive gain is
18 Increases by about 15% of the length How much farther does the radio path horizon distance exceeds the geometric horizon?
19 5% longer Parasitic element
20 Frequency modulated continuous wave use in aircraft
21 folded dipole continuous wave Antenna use in ILS
22 to keep the waveguide dry Why is nitrogen gas sometimes used in waveguide?
23 to prevent internal arcing Need for pressurising cable with dry air
24 Attenuation As electromagnetic travel in free space, only one if the following can happen to them
Which of the following is not a natural ways of radio wave may travel from transmitter to
25 Microwave receiver?
26 Waveguide hollow conductor that carries RF
27 13 kbps Telephone
28 Infinite In a ¾ wavelength shorted at end will have impedance
29 Thunderstorms What is major cause of atmospheric or static noise?
30 50 dB What signal to noise ratio is required for satisfactory telephone service?
31 cancel, filter In SSB, carrier and the other sideband is being
32 83B IBM
33 longer folded dipole compared to simple dipole
34 300 In CCITT’s FDM Hierarchy, number of channels in a master group
35 100:20 Power HF compared to UHF
36 F The third symbol used for television transmission
37 7 and ½ A word in telegraphy consists of ___ characters plus a word space
38 108.1 to 117.95 MHz VOR
39 12 Midnight to 5 AM Class D AM
40 can be use in wideband Trap antenna
41 13 kbps What is the typical speech coding rate used for GSM?
42 8 kbps D-AMPS
43 Power Margin Difference between available power and power budget
44 7 Maximum number of break in a 60 minute show
45 2.5:1
46 0% modulation Unmodulated carrier
47 564-3084 Frequency band of U600
48 44.736 Mbps What is the transmission rate of a T3 line?
49 6 in telephone, maximum pulse per second
50 E third symbol emission for telephone
51 one color and one Monochromatic
52 Contrast Quality
53 use thin piece of wire as an antenna To couple energy into and out of a waveguide
54 impedance mismatch A high standing wave ratio might be caused by
55 tropospheric ducting VHF received from 500 miles
56 Space Division Multiplexing Oldest multiplexing scheme
57 Sputnik 1 1st Active Satellite
58 Intelsat 1 1st Satellite to Transmit and Receive
59 6 PM to 11 PM Primetime block of TV
60 235.50 MHz Determine from the ff radio frequency that falls under the very high frequency band of
 radio spectrum
61 Effective Radiated Power (ERP) Antenna power times the Antenna gain
62 Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) Antenna power times the Antenna gain relative to Isotropic antenna
63 Antenna height, distance Factors
It is the picture quality determined by the difference of the intensity between black and
64 Contrast white parts of the picture
65 3000 Hz Pilot tone
66 High VHF GMA 7
67 Proportional to Field Strength Amount of voltage induced in a wave by an EM wave
68 It radiates harmonics Disadvantage of Trap antenna
An instrument used to measure the relevant height, a layer in the ionosphere used for
69 Ionosonde wave propagation
Third symbol of emission designation using telephone (telephony) such as in sound
70 E broadcasting
71 Capacitor Capacitor
72 Mica Commonly used insulator
73 Slant distance Distance to the staion, DME
74 Refraction What phenomenon causes of longer radio path to exceeds geometric horizon?
75 should not have a long horizontal run Waveguide construction
76 tuning out capacitance reactances Loading coil is used in marconi
77 EDGE Last stage of GSM
78 100 times Bandwidth of fiber optics compared to cable
79 losses in the conducting walls What causes the attenuation in waveguide?
Call Waiting tone Continuous tone generated by the combination of two frequencies of 350 Hz and 440 Hz
80 used in telephone sets
81 10 pulses/sec Pulse dialing rate
82 Electromagnet What kind of receiver is used in conventional telephone handset?
83 length Characteristic impedance is nit dependent on
84 330 m/s Velocity of sound
85 Propagation delay Time for the signal to travel
800 How many voice band channels in a SPADE FDMA satellite system are PCM encoded before
86 they separately modulate the assigned carrier?
87 800 MHz AMPS operated in which cellular radio frequency?
88 1:1 Which of the following represents the best standing wave ratio?
89 loudness The _____ of a sound is a subjective effect which is a function of the ear and brain
90 phase angle OMEGA measures
91 measures at larger distance LORAN
equivalent resistance that will dissipate the Radiation resistance
92 same amount
93 Horn and slot antenna What antennas are suitable for direct connection to a waveguide?
Satellite antennas and height, Satellite
94 receiver sensitivity What factors determines the EIRP required by a station in each operation?
95 use in primary and secondary Ferrite beads
96 4250 MHz to 4350 MHz aircracft radio altimeter
97 2500 ohms end impedance of half-wave dipole
98 118.00 MHz to 139.975 MHz aircraft VHF communication
knife-edge diffraction The bending of radio waves passing over the top of a mountain range that disperses a weak
99 portion of the signal behind the mountain is
100 beyond 5000 km troposcatter
101 TTC Information about satellite send to earth
102 4:1 Impedance matching ratio of coaxial balun
103 Standing waves Energy neither radiated nor transmitted
104 ground Transmission lines are either balanced or unbalanced with respect to
phase velocity Apparent speed of propagation along a waveguide based on the distance between
105 wavefronts along the walls of the guide
106 Both input and output Coaxial are grounded
107 keep moisture out and prevent oxidation Why concentric transmission lines sometimes field with nitrogen?
through electromagnetic and electrostatic Conductance takes place in a waveguide
108 fields in the walls of the waveguide
109 infinite If a ¾ wavelength transmission is shortened at one end, impedance at the open will be
1 To be properly matched the ratio of a maximum voltage along a transmission line should be
110 equal to 0
111 absorption coefficient The ratio between energy absorbed to the total energy received
the higher the resistance, smaller the The higher the gauge number
112 diameter
113 lambda/4 transformer Short length of transmission line used to eliminate standing waves
114 2.15 dB gain of half wave dipole
115 bearing and distance indicator TACAN is a navigational aid providing
116 329.30 to 335.00 MHz glideslope
117 108.10-111.95 MHz Localizer
118 962 MHz to 1213 DME
119 compressing Compandor
120 22 kbps 45 baud
121 exact interlacing One half of the spacing between the start positions for scanning even and odd fields
A fading effect caused by phase differences What is Selective fading effect?
between radio wave components of the
same transmission, as experienced at the
122 receiving point
123 fundamental lowest frequency
124 Huffman code exchange of predetermined signal
125 Intelligent terminal Which computer terminal can be reprogrammed to perform new functions?
126 low-wattage light bulb Luminous efficiency is least for
127 Huygen’s Principle each point on a wavefront maybe regarded as a new source of secondary wavelength
128 Perigee Nearest distance from satellite orbit to earth
129 despun antenna Antenna is continuously adjusted with respect to satellite
130 100 Maximum radiation mr/week
131 dosimeter Device to measure exposure to hazardous environment
E layer When the earth’s atmosphere is struck by meteor, a cylindrical region of free electrons is
132 formed at what layer of the ionosphere?
selective fading What is the propagation effect called when phase differences between radio wave
133 components of the same transmission are experienced at the recovery station?
superrefraction occurs when the refractive index of the air decreases with height much more rapidly than
134 normal
135 duct region in which superrefraction occur
136 Horizontal polarization When the magnetic field is perpendicular to ground
137 metric Metric subdivision for VHF
138 peak positive, rms values respectively SSB compared to AM and FM measurement
139 D layer Layer that disaapears at night, no effect on sky wave propagation
140 critical frequency highest frequency that will be returned down to earth
141 optimum usable frequency best frequency used that will be returned down to earth
142 4 MHz E layer
143 8 MHz F2 layer
144 gyniometer
145 FM and double sideband AM what emission modes suffer the most from selective fading?
146 3 MHz to 30 MHz Band that operates in sky wave propagation
147 UHF Which band does channel 14 of the TV channel belong?
Tropospheric ducting What propagation condition is usually indicated when a VHF signal is received from a
148 station 500 miles away?
Kinetic energy is given up by the radio What happens to a radio wave as it travels in space and collides with other particles?
149 wave
150 About 5,000 miles What is the maximum range for signals using transequatorial propagation?
151 300-3,000 MHz The band of frequencies least susceptible to atmospheric noise and interference is
90 degrees What is the relationship in degrees of the electrostatic and electromagnetic fields of an
152 antenna?
153 Afternoon or early evening What is the best time of day for transequatorial propagation?
is the same direction as the electrostatic The propagation of radio wave
154 field of the antenna
Allows normally line of sight signals to What is knife-edge diffraction?
bend around sharp edges, mountain ridges,
155 building and other obstructions
lowest, highest Skip distance can be maximized by using the ____ radiation angle possible and the _____
156 frequency that will be refracted at that angle
157 Optimum useable frequency (OUF) To obtain the most reliable sky wave propagation the ___________should be used
300 MHz to 3 GHz Troposcatter is a method of sky wave propagation for which of the following frequency
158 bands?
Phase differences between radio wave What is the major cause of selective fading?
components of the same transmission, as
159 experienced at the receiving station
160 Troposcatter propagation A means of beyond the line of sight propagation of UHF signals
161 VHF and UHF frequencies Which of the following is most affected by knife edge refraction?
162 refracted The ionosphere causes radio signals to be
163 3 to 30 MHz The ionosphere has its greatest effect on signals in what frequency range?
164 RA 3396 Maritime Communications Law
165 DO 88 services of ECE’s
166 autopilot may sharply turn left or right autopilot
167 Deviation Ratio ratio of the maximum deviation frequency to modulating frequency
168 Modulation index
Is the product of the surge impedance and Neglecting line losses, the RMS voltage along an RF transmission line having no standing
169 the line current waves
Cassegrain feed A technique of feeding a parabolic antenna using a small reflector to beam waves to a
170 larger parabolic reflector
Reciprocity The process of interchangeability of receiving and transmitting operations of antennas is
171 known as
without power being applied to the tuned A grid dip meter measures the resonant frequency of tuned circuit
172 circuits
173 director What gives more forward gain?
174 Parabolic With similar size, which has the greatest gain?
Reflector Which is longer?
175
176 Circular What type of antenna receives signal equally well from all horizontal directions?
177 5% How do parasitic element differ in length from a lambda/2?
178 during experimental period Testing of equipment
179 antenna resonant frequency increases When a capacitor is connected in series with a Marconi antenna
180 call waiting tone In telephony, combination of
181 by connecting an inductor How is it possible to lower the resonant frequency of hertz dipole antenna?
182 sphere radiation pattern of isotropic antenna
183 water vapor and oxygen Atmospheric attenuation is due to
184 Ferrite isolator Permits signal to travel in one direction
185 pass from south to north Ascending pass for a satellite
186 pass from north to south descending pass for a satellite
187 type of modulation of the main carrier What is the first letter in the ITU emission designation?
188 Secondary Service Fading is allowed
189 3300 m/s Velocity of sound in wood
190 NTT
191 Geostationary Satellite Satellite of the same velocity as earth
192 108.10- 119.95 MHz Localizer
193 329.30 – 335.00 MHz Glide slope
194 Space Noise Noise observed at frequency 8 to 1.4 GHz
195 hoghorn antenna consisting of a reflector in the form of parabolic cylinder, fed by a sectoral horn
a very high impedance What kind of impedance does a ¼ wavelength transmission line present to a generator
196 when the line is shorted at the far end?
197 Spot Beams Concentrate the radiated power in a very small geographic areas
198 True Black body is a perfect emmiter and absorber
199 Timbre Tonal quality of sound
200 Back and forth Longitudinal waves
201 frequency response What is the most important specification of loudspeakers and microphones?
202 Capture Effect strong FM signal dominating weaker signal on a common frequency