Petroleum Plant Design

All About Drilling RIG

November 06, 2014

Rig is the main Equipment used for drilling work, modi@cation and
maintenance of oil and gas wells both on land (onshore) and at sea
(off shore). The main equipment tower rig is made of a steel structure
that is used to lower the ascending pipes and cubing casing into the
well. Generally, rig categorized into two kinds according to which it
operates:

Onshore (land-rig): operates on land.

Rig sea (offshore-rig): operates on the surface of the water (sea,

rivers, swamps, lakes or river delta).

There are various offshore-rig are classi@ed based on the depth of

water:

1. Swamp barge: Only able to operate a maximum water depth of 7

meters. It is suitable for use in a swamp or river delta.

2. Tender barge: has the ability to operate in deeper water than the
swamp barge.

3. jack up rig: shaped like a platform that can be moved with the boat
and pulled tag has legs that can be adjusted according to the water
depth to be drilled. The rig is capable of operating at depths of up to
200 m.

4. Drilling jacket: steel structure platforms, generally small and

suitable for use in calm seas and shallow. Often combined with a jack
up rig or tender barge.
5. Semi-submersible rigs (semis) is a rig that is easy to move the car
and capable of operating in the waters. Because the character is very
stable, it is also popular rig is used in large choppy sea areas and
climates bad.

6. Drill ship: rigs and ships are combined into one, so as to reach
areas and deep water offshore. To maintain a stable position of the
rig so that the waves, then controlled by the thruster system
controlled by computer.

RIG is a complex device that has a component that serves each -

each to support each other in the drilling process is safe from
the risk of failure of such blow-out, broken pipes and other
other.

1. Hoisting system: is the structure of RIG which has its main

functions lifting, lowering and raising the drilling pipe (casing
pipe), pipe production (cubing pipe), completion equipment
(packer, brisk plug, submersible pumps and other accessories)
entry - exit well. Tower rig (mast or derrick) is included in this
system.

2. Rotary system: structure of RIG which has its main function

as a driving force to rotate the pipes in the well. In conventional
drilling, drilling pipe (drill strings) twist drill (drill bits) to dig
wells.

3. Circulation system: to circulate the drilling Wuid out of the well

and keep the mud as desired properties and separating solid
particles that come up for logging needs. The circulatory system
consists of two parts, namely circulation and keep the weight
and pressure of the mud that will be passed back to remove
solid particles of used drilling. Circulation drilling system has
two means of (1) high-pressure pump (high pressure circulation
pump) to pump mud out - the well and pump low pressure (low
pressure circulation pump) to circulate on the surface, (2)
equipment for sludge conditioning: shale shaker serves to
separate solid drilling results (cutting) of mud; deSander to
separate the sand; degasser to remove the gas, desiter to
separate solid particles of small size, etc.

4. Blowout prevention system: This system has equipment that

serves to prevent blow out (the explosion of the well at the
surface due to the high pressure of the well). The main one is
the BOP (Blow Out Preventer) which is composed of a variety of
valves (valve) and installed at the wellhead (wellhead).

5. Power system: that is the source of power to drive all over the
system and also to supply electricity. As an energy source,
usually used large capacity diesel engine generator.

Oil and Gas

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