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THE

EXTENT THE NUMBERS


Total number of concussions THE ANATOMY
3 The resulting damage
from the violent jarring

‘Concussions are no respecter reported by 67 Hawaii high school


athletic programs from school
Concussions are a type of traumatic brain
injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head or
motion causes chemical
changes and cell damage
1,262 within the brain.

of what sport you play’


year 2010 to 2016: body that causes the brain to move rapidly
inside the skull. Most sports-related

1,071 concussions do not result in a person being


knocked unconscious.
By Dave Reardon collision sport in which significant “So it is still a problem. The major- 947 911
dreardon@staradvertiser.com numbers of both genders com-
pete, female high school athletes
ity are worried they’re not going to
play. In some cases, even if they
859
Football produces the highest were reported to have a high- get handouts and information
rate of sports-related concussions er-rate of concussions diagnosed about symptoms they don’t really
in interscholastic sports. than males. The one sport in think it’s a concussion.”
And the only recent deaths of which boys have a higher rate is Inouye makes a presentation
high-profile Hawaii sports figures wrestling. (Baseball and softball about concussions to coaches of 424 1 Forceful blow
in team sports known or believed are considered comparable, and all sports at an annual meeting. to the head or
to be largely concussion-related — among the five contact sports “I tell them the signs and symp- body occurs.
those of Punahou, USC and NFL where girls have the higher rate of toms,” she said.
star Mosi Tatupu and University of reported concussions.) UH and the state’s three Division 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016
Hawaii assistant coach, nine-year Research is inconclusive as to II colleges all follow NCAA guide-
NFL veteran and sports agent why there is a higher rate of con- lines regarding concussion aware-
HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE The blow 2
John Wilbur — have been of re- cussion in most female sports. But ness, diagnosis and treatment. causes the
tired football players. some players and medical profes- School records show 70 concus- Average number of concussions reported by Concussions per sport reported
Hawaii high school boys and girls, 2010 to 2016, among University of Hawaii brain to
Players are leaving the game at sionals say males have been less sions were incurred by UH football bounce or twist
younger ages because of concus- likely to report concussions be- players since 2010 (that includes followed by average number of concussions per interscholastic sports student
1,000 athlete exposures*: athletes since August 2017: around inside
sions. A prime example is Aofaga cause of societal expectations. 14 players with more than one). In the skull.
Wily, a three-time All-State high “Obviously we didn’t want to re- 2010 there were five compared to
THE
AVERAGE ATHLETE MEN NUMBER
school running back who retired port them,” said Rich Miano, who the 13 since 2017; those numbers SPORT NUMBER EXPOSURE
Football 13

MYTHS
from football after playing two estimates he had between 10 and are tied for the least and most per Baseball (boys) 25 0.35
games at UH as a freshman, due to 15 concussions from the time he year in the time frame. Basketball 4
Softball (girls) 39 0.58
concussions. played football at Kaiser High That doesn’t mean just five con- Cheer 1
Boys basketball 33 0.55
But statistics show many con- School, then at UH and during an cussions occured in 2010. They WOMEN
cussions in other sports. 11-year NFL career, mostly during are now more likely to be reported Girls basketball 55 1.10
“Concussions are no respecter of the 1980s. “A lot of it was igno- and diagnosed than they were in Boys judo 34 1.32 Basketball 4
Source: Centers for Disease
what sport you play,” Hawaii-Hilo rance, masculinity, wanting to the past. Girls judo 37 2.18 Water polo 4 Control and Prevention
athletic director Patrick Guillen
said. “At my previous school we
keep our job, all those things. You
expected to get dizzy when you
had indoor baseball practice and a ran into someone at full speed. I
“For the football coaches, I can
tell you for sure, they understand
the severity,” Inouye said. “They
Boys soccer
Girls soccer
43
83
0.74
1.11
Sailing 3
Soccer 3 Gear can’t prevent it;
you don’t have to pass out
Boys volleyball 7 0.14 Track and field / 3
ball went off a wall, hit a player in remember multiple times officials never question it. If they think one
Girls volleyball 38 0.52 Cross country
the head, and he was out three and referees telling me, ‘38, keep of their guys is acting strange
weeks with a concussion.” your head up.’ Because we used they’ll let us know.” Boys wrestling 57 1.17 Volleyball 3
A higher rate of concussions of our heads. Getting your head in- Still, many athletes have been Girls wrestling 22 0.97 Cheer 2 By Dave Reardon sciousness. They say they
females is reported than of males volved in tackling, it’s frowned raised with a “shake-it-off” ethos Cheer (both) 55 0.94 Sand volleyball 2 dreardon@staradvertiser.com have a little bit of a headache
in comparable sports. upon now, it can result in ejec- that contradicts reporting injuries Football (boys) 337 1.67 Softball 2 and they’re dizzy. But when it
At UH-Manoa, even when in- tions, and worse.” of any kind. Diving 1 Helmets are great for preventing doesn’t go away, that’s when
cluding the 13 from football — by In all sports for both genders, “Athletes don’t want to report
*Athlete exposure is a calculation estimating
skull fractures.
That’s a you know there may be a con-
player participation, practice days and number
far, the most in any sport — more however, under-reporting of inju- because they don’t want to lose of games played.
Source: University of Hawaii
Mouth guards are great for pre- common cussion,” Dr. Jill Inouye of the Uni-
were reported and diagnosed for ries including concussions re- playing time,” HCAMP manager venting broken teeth. versity of Hawaii said. “We had (an
females (27) than males (18) in mains a challenge. Troy Furutani said. “They don’t Source: Hawaii Concussion Awareness Management Program But regardless of how they are
misconception athlete) who was getting head-
data collected since August 2017. “Yes, they don’t even want to want to let their coach down. marketed as ways to prevent con- that you have aches and nausea once in awhile.
Statistics tracked since 2010 by miss one game,” said Dr. Jill In- They don’t want to let their par- cussions, no credible medical evi- It went on for two weeks before
the Hawaii Concussion Awareness ouye, the head physician for UH ents down. And also there’s that dence indicates that they do.
to get hit in she told anyone. She kept practic-
Management Program (HCAMP) sports, who also works at the Ma- mentality that they com
need to just
com
com com coverage and video at staradvertiser.com.
See expanded
“That’s one of our big concerns the head ing, trying to fight through it.”
show that in all but one contact or noa campus student health clinic. tough it out.” — that people are relying on out- People who get concussions and ber
side equipment to protect them-
to get a do not take a break from activity where I
selves, or getting a false message concussion.” that could cause another run the was. But
CONCUSSIONS about what that equipment can
do,” Dr. Rachel Coel, director of Troy Furutani
risk of second impact syndrome,
which is rare, but can be deadly.
then I just got
up and continued
Continued from A1 sports medicine at The Queen’s Manager, Second impact syndrome is running and play-
You combine a head injury with Medical Center said. “While peo- Hawaii Concussion when a patient is still experiencing ing. For a few days after that I
ple should keep wearing helmets, Awareness concussion symptoms and not couldn’t focus and stuff. But I
from feelings of isolation and de- isolation and you really could be a lot of the protective gear out Management fully recovered and receives an- never thought it was a concussion
pression because she was away
from peers.
doing a young person some harm. there is protective, but it’s protec- Program other hard hit or jarring episode at that time.”
tive for one type of injury and not to their head or body, causing a The fact that he landed on his
People who have concussions It’s good to re-engage, as long as it’s concussion.”
———
second concussion and possibly side, and not his head, underscores
sometimes suffer symptoms simi-
lar to those of vertigo, including
safe as cleared by a doctor.” In some sports, head gear can worse, such as brain bleeding and another myth about concussions.
create a false sense of security or swelling, Coel said. “That’s a common misconception
dizziness and balance difficulties.
Josh Green even be used as a weapon. This “I guess (I’m) lucky. From what I that you have to get hit in the head
A year after her concussion, Hanta
State senator and Hawaii island has been addressed in football understand it could’ve been a lot to get a concussion,” Furutani said.
fainted at a Fourth of July fire-
emergency room physician with changes such as the “target- worse,” said Troy Furutani, who “Actually you can get hit in the body
works show. She said she still has
ing” rule that penalizes players suffered a concussion without real- and if there’s an impulsive force
some problems in crowds. ———
who strike opponents head-first. izing it when he was a high school where your head moves, that can
“Going to concerts is too much,”
“I think more important is the basketball player in the 1980s. cause a concussion.”
she said. get a concussion you have to re-
teaching of proper technique,” Coel He went up for a dunk during Although significant advances are
Concussion experts like Dr. Ra- ally limit anything you do and be
said. “You can fix a shoulder. It’s practice, was hit in the legs by an- being made in awareness, diagnosis,
chel Coel, the director of sports a hermit crab and hide out in
much, much harder to fix a brain.” other player and landed flat on his management and treatment, there is
medicine at The Queen’s Medical your shell. Now, you do limit the
Helmet safety is one of the focal side. At that time, his school, no cure for concussions. There also
Center, still emphasize caution and noise and light and intensity, for
points of the HEADS UP Concus- Maryknoll, practiced on outside is no surefire, easy way to diagnose
rest for the first 48-to-72 hours. But at least a couple of days. But as
sion in Youth Sports Initiative asphalt courts. them, either.
Coel is also among those who rec- soon as the doctor says it’s OK,
developed by the “Then I “There’s no Breathalyzer, there’s
ommend that concussion sufferers they should start returning to
Centers for Disease didn’t remem- no magic swab,” said Coel, who suf-
resume activity much sooner (but work and returning to play. It
Control and Preven- ber anything fered two concussions as a Puna-
still without physical contact). helps them feel more normal be-
tion. for a little hou athlete in the 1980s, one
She emphasizes an cause being isolated doesn’t
Another myth while,” said playing soccer and one while canoe
important caveat: As help.”
is that concus- Furutani, who paddling (one resulted in loss of
appropriate. Troy Furutani, manager of the
sions are always is now the consciousness, the other did not,
Coel still goes by the Hawaii Concussion Awareness
accompanied by manager of the she said). “We’re making exciting
mantra of, “When in Management Program, said it is
a loss of con- Hawaii Concus- advances, but there is no cure for
doubt, sit them out.” important to remember that the
sciousness. sion Awareness concussions. That will hopefully
And for the first one to JAMM AQUINO / JAQUINO@STARADVERTISER.COM new protocol of getting moving
“(Many athletes) Management Pro- come from the next generation of re-
three days after a con- sooner does not mean returning
think you have to lose con- gram. “I didn’t remem- searchers.”
cussion, “shutting searcher at Buffalo State re-engage, as long as it’s safe as to the playing field STAR-ADVERTISER
them down.” University in New York. “The idea cleared by a doctor.” immediately.
But, “A lot of re- of keeping them down until all As symptoms began to dissi- “Return to play is
search shows a role for symptoms are completely gone pate, Hanta recovered from de- a gradual process,”
(noncontact) activity
I have to start no longer has credence. It can pression and could interact he said. “The first
(sooner),” she said. studying for make their symptoms worse. Peo- normally with friends and family. phase might be rid-
“What happened was ple keeping up with research and But four years after the concus- ing a stationary bi-
like wrapping them in
tests way current guidelines know the co- sion she still has some memory cycle, or walking or
bubble wrap, the co- ahead. Now, coon theory is no longer in problems, including remembering a slow jog. And if
coon theory. But it’s vogue.” important family milestone they’re OK without
been found that kids
I’m still State Sen. Josh Green is an events. any symptoms,
who rested long on av- finding out emergency room physician on Ha- “I’m still finding out that I’m then maybe the
erage took five days waii island. missing pieces of memory as I go next day they can
longer to get better,
that I’m “The first 72 hours we still want along,” she said. do more, a little
and, didn’t feel good in
COURTESY GLEN BARCOMA
missing to keep them resting to avoid ad- She said she must put in extra more aggressive
general. There have been more ditional head trauma and inflam- effort reviewing material repeat- type of running,
and more examples of this in re- positive, it’s not making it worse,
pieces of mation,” Green said. “We’re very edly to maintain her 3.5 sprints. Then the
search.” and it’s helping. So we’ve adjusted. memory as I careful there. But, yes, after that grade-point-average as a Univer- next day maybe
Sometimes parents don’t know The more the medical field and … in many cases (doctors) are sity of Hawaii psychology student. some non-contact
about the new research, Coel said. professionals get more informa-
go along.” getting them more active sooner “I have to start studying for tests drills.”
She reassures them by showing tion, we start to see more change than in the past.” way ahead,” Hanta said. Duran, the Cham-
Maika Hanta
them the medical studies indicat- for the better. Research and up-to- Green, (D, Naalehu-Kailua- But in addition to doing well in inade athletic
The University of
ing that, when appropriate, a more date information supports it. Of Kona), is among many medical school, Hanta has made a suc- trainer, said she has
Hawaii psychology
active approach than what was course they monitor it very care- professionals who have seen con- cessful return to playing sports. seen the positive re-
student suffered a
standard before is more effective fully.” cussion symptoms worsen be- During her senior year of high sults first-hand.
concussion in 2014
in treating concussions. Jessiya Villa, who is committed cause of prolonged inactivity and school she played varsity soccer, “When we can
playing softball at
“It was the first time I heard to play for the University of Hawaii isolation, especially in the cases and her intramural soccer team get them on a bike
Maui High School.
about (the change in protocol),” after completion of a religious mis- of adolescent student athletes. recently placed second in the or treadmill, they
Shown at left
Bill Villa said. “(Jessiya’s) physi- sion in Ghana, is now free of any “Isolation can cause all kinds of championship tournament at UH. respond better as
playing soccer,
cian and trainer got him back to concussion symptoms, Bill Villa problems. Depression, social mal- She also works part-time at the far as symptoms.”
wearing protective
doing light activity and put him on said. adjustment, these can really hurt Warrior Recreation Center.
headgear, as a high
the bike. “The idea is once they feel bet- the ability of kids to have normal “Concussion treatment meth-
school senior two
“In discussion with my athletic ter get them moving and exercis- encounters. You combine a head ods are updated,” said Kelly
years later.
trainer (at Chaminade, Rebecca ing, at least lightly,” said Dr. John injury with isolation and you re- Wescott, the head athletic trainer
Duran), I learned this has changed. Leddy, a sports medicine special- ——— ally could be doing a young per- at Hawaii Pacific University. “The
To my knowledge the results are ist and concussion treatment re- son some harm. It’s good to research used to say when you

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