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Linde Rectisol® Wash Process
2nd International Freiberg Conference

on IGCC & XtL Technologies
Linde Engineering
8th -12th May, 2007

Dr. A. Prelipceanu, Dr. H.-P. Kaballo, U. Kerestecioglu
Linde’s Rectisol® Wash Process Linde Engineering
Acid Gas Removal is an Important Process Step in the

Production of Synthesis Gas
Main Components in the Feedgas Acid Components in the Feedgas

¾ H2 ¾ CO2
¾ CO ¾ H2S
¾ COS
⇒ Shall Remain in the Feedgas ⇒ To be Removed
Impurities in the Feedgas
¾ HCN
¾ NH3
¾ Metal Carbonyls
¾ H2O
⇒ Removed upstream the Process
Linde AG Linde Engineering Division The 2nd International Conference on IGCC & XtL Technologies 2
Dr. A. Prelipceanu, Dr. H.-P. Kaballo, U. Kerestecioglu Freiberg, 8th – 12th May, 2007
Rectisol® is Physical Wash Process using Methanol

as Solvent.
Rectisol® Wash Process

¾ Physical Wash Process, whereas the Acid Gas
components are solved in the solvent
¾ Methanol is used as solvent
¾ Selective Removal of H2S and CO2
¾ Excellent Handling of Trace Components
Characteristics of Methanol
¾ High Solubility of the Acid Gas
¾ Low Solubility of the Main Gas Components
¾ High Loading Capacity
¾ Cheap and readily available solvent

¾ Low corrosiveness
¾ Low vapour pressure
¾ Low methanol losses
Higher Feedgas Pressure Reduces the Utility Consumption

Costs Significantly.
Influence of Feedgas Pressure
V % Utility Consumption
WM ≈
p ⋅ λi
180
165%
160
140
120
Effect of Higher Feed Gas Pressure 100
100%
76.5%
80
¾ Low Solvent Circulation Rate 60
¾ Low Utility Consumption 40
20
0
¾ Smaller Column Diameter 25 bar 50 bar 75 bar
Feedgas Pressure
¾ Higher Wall Thickness
¾ Negligible Influence on Equipment Cost
⇒ High Operation Pressure is Favorable for the Rectisol® Process

The Flexibility of Rectisol® results from the High

Selectivity of Methanol to Absorb Syngas Components.
Solubility Coefficient λi of various gases in Methanol at ambient pressure
Solubility 1000
[Nm³/to.bar]
100 H2S
CO2 COS
10
1
CO
0,1
H2
0,01
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40
Temperature [° C]
⇒ Low Operation Temperature is Favourable for the Rectisol® Process

Rectisol® allows a wide Range of Application.
Feedgas Source Unshifted and/or Shifted Feedgas

Coal or Oil Gasification, Heavy Residue Oil
Feedgas Flow Rate 11,000 – 450,000 Nm³/h

in one train
Feedgas Pressure 20 – 120 bar

high pressure preferable ( 30 – 80 bar)
CO2 Content in Feedgas > 3 mol%

preferable > 10 mol%
Advantages selective H2S/COS and CO2 removal possible

wide spread product range
Rectisol® is a very Flexible Process to achieve a wide Range

of Product and By-Product Quality.
Simplified Process Flow Diagram

Absorption Desorption
H2S Enrichment Regeneration
Feedgas H2S-Fraction
c.w.
Methanol Refr.
Injection
steam
Tailgas
Methanol/Water
CO2 Mixture
Syngas Stripping N2
Rectisol® is an Excellent Process to Produce Hydrogen

and IGCC Fuelgas.
Block Diagram to Generate IGCC Fuelgas and Hydrogen
CO2/N2 Ventgas
Oil/Coal Pure Hydrogen

PO CO Shift Rectisol I PSA
Oxygen
Tailgas
Air
LP-Nitrogen Regen. H2S Fraction
ASU
System
el. Power
Gas Turb.
Rectisol II
(IGCC)
Exhaust
Rectisol® is an Excellent Process to Produce IGCC Fuelgas.
Block Diagram to Generate IGCC Fuelgas without CO2
Oil/Coal Fuel Gas el. Power

Gas Turb.
PO CO Shift Rectisol (IGCC)
Exhaust
Oxygen
Air Claus
Regen. H2S Fraction
ASU
System
CO2 Storage
CO2 CO2
Compr.
Rectisol® Guarantees Highest Product Quality.
Fuel Gas for IGCC CO2 Product
general typical general typical
< 5 vppm
CO2 1-2 mol% 1) ≥ 98.5 mol% ≥ 95 mol% 2)
up to 5 mol%
H2S + COS < 0.1 vppm 2 -10 vppm 2 – 10 mg/Nm³ 5 – 50 mg/Nm³
H2O < 0.1 vppm < 0.1 vppm < 1 vppm < 1 vppm
100 – 200 vppm

Methanol 50 – 150 vppm 50 – 150 vppm 100 – 200 vppm
20 vppm 3)
Pressure Δp ~ 2 bar Δp ~ 2 bar 1.7 – 3.3 bar(a) 1.2/3.2 bar(a) 4)
1) CO2 recovery rate 90 – 97% 3) with Additional Water Wash Column
2) no vent gas, N2 < 4 mol% 4) adjusted to compressor design
Air Separation Technology Applied to

CTL / Linde Core Business
Consumers
- Synthetic Diesel
- Synthetic Naphta
CTL - Lubricants
- Alpha-Olefins
Gasification Island - Methanol
CTC - MTO
- Acetic Acid
- Oxo Chemicals
Coal - Refinery
- Hydrogenation
POX Rectisol H2 - Ammonia
- Energy
O2
SNG
H2S CO2
ASU
+ trace components - low/zero CO2
IGCC emission power
plants
Linde Engineering core business
Rectisol® is an Excellent Technology to Treat Syngas

from Gasifications.
Advantages in General
¾ Flexible process concerning feedstocks and products
¾ High absorption capacity of Methanol

low solvent circulation rate
low energy consumption
¾ Proven in many plants world-wide

extended experience in handling of trace components
¾ Cheap and readily available solvent
¾ High One-Train capacity
¾ Favourable combination with a cryogenic process
Linde Kindly Thanks You for
Your Attention.
Linde Engineering

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Copyright:

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Linde Rectisol® Wash Process

2nd International Freiberg Conference

8th -12th May, 2007

Acid Gas Removal is an Important Process Step in the

Main Components in the Feedgas Acid Components in the Feedgas

Impurities in the Feedgas

⇒ Removed upstream the Process

Rectisol® is Physical Wash Process using Methanol

Rectisol® Wash Process

¾ Cheap and readily available solvent

Higher Feedgas Pressure Reduces the Utility Consumption

Influence of Feedgas Pressure

¾ Low Utility Consumption 40

⇒ High Operation Pressure is Favorable for the Rectisol® Process

The Flexibility of Rectisol® results from the High

Solubility Coefficient λi of various gases in Methanol at ambient pressure

⇒ Low Operation Temperature is Favourable for the Rectisol® Process

Rectisol® allows a wide Range of Application.

Feedgas Source Unshifted and/or Shifted Feedgas

Feedgas Flow Rate 11,000 – 450,000 Nm³/h

Feedgas Pressure 20 – 120 bar

CO2 Content in Feedgas > 3 mol%

Advantages selective H2S/COS and CO2 removal possible

Rectisol® is a very Flexible Process to achieve a wide Range

Simplified Process Flow Diagram

Rectisol® is an Excellent Process to Produce Hydrogen

Block Diagram to Generate IGCC Fuelgas and Hydrogen

Oil/Coal Pure Hydrogen

Rectisol® is an Excellent Process to Produce IGCC Fuelgas.

Block Diagram to Generate IGCC Fuelgas without CO2

Oil/Coal Fuel Gas el. Power

Rectisol® Guarantees Highest Product Quality.

Fuel Gas for IGCC CO2 Product

general typical general typical

H2S + COS < 0.1 vppm 2 -10 vppm 2 – 10 mg/Nm³ 5 – 50 mg/Nm³

100 – 200 vppm

Pressure Δp ~ 2 bar Δp ~ 2 bar 1.7 – 3.3 bar(a) 1.2/3.2 bar(a) 4)

1) CO2 recovery rate 90 – 97% 3) with Additional Water Wash Column

2) no vent gas, N2 < 4 mol% 4) adjusted to compressor design

Air Separation Technology Applied to

Linde Engineering core business

Rectisol® is an Excellent Technology to Treat Syngas

¾ Flexible process concerning feedstocks and products

¾ High absorption capacity of Methanol

¾ Proven in many plants world-wide

¾ Cheap and readily available solvent

¾ High One-Train capacity

¾ Favourable combination with a cryogenic process

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