Chem 152 Practice Exam 1 (with answers)

This practice test will be most useful if you attempt to take it before looking at the answers.

Administrative Stuff
1. If your calculator has memory, it must be cleared.
2. You must sit in your assigned seat. (Assigned seats will be posted on the bulletin board at the front of
the classroom.) If you are left handed and have not yet told your TA, tell the instructor immediately, so
we can assign you to a left handed seat.
3. You will be permitted to bring 1 sheet of paper, no larger than 8.5×11 inches, upon which you may
write anything you wish. You may use both sides, but you may not use magnifying devices to read it. The
values of physical constants will be provided.
4. This is a 60 minute exam worth a total of 130 points.
5. Show all work for the long problems (Section II). No credit will awarded without work for the
problems in Section II. Showing work for the short problems in Section I is not required. There is no
partial credit in Section I.
6. A subset of the examinations will be photocopied to guard against academic fraud. By taking the
examination, you acknowledge that your exam may be photocopied and used as evidence of fraud should
this become an issue.
7. It is impossible to grant extra time to people who are late to an examination in a manner which is fair to
the other students. So assume it will not be done and plan accordingly. If you have any flexibility in your
schedule plan on arriving early on the day of any exam (better several minutes early than a few minutes
late).

Section I: Multiple Choice and Short Answer Problems

1(a) An isobaric process is one in which:

A. ∆T=0 B. ∆V=0 C. ∆P=0 D. w=0

1(b) By the second law of thermodynamics, a reaction is spontaneous when:

A. ∆Ssystem=0 B. ∆Ssystem>0 C. ∆Suniverse>0 D. ∆Ssurr= −∆H/T

1(c) One mole of an ideal monatomic gas at 298K and 1 atm pressure undergoes an irreversible
isothermal expansion against a pressure of 0.5 atm until the volume of the sample has doubled. The heat
transferred in this process is: (1 Liter Atm = 101.325 J)

A. 0 B. 1.24 kJ C. −1.24kJ D. 1.72kJ

1(d) For a process in which ∆H° = 13.2 kJ and ∆S° = −67 J/K, at what temperature will this process be
spontaneous?

A. 197K B. 298K C. 1064 K D. will not occur

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1(e) Which statement is true concerning the expansion of a mole of an ideal gas from state A to state B:

A: When the gas expands from state A to state B, the surroundings are doing work on the
system
B: The amount of work done is independent of pathway.
C: It is not possible to have more than one path for a change of state.
D: The amount of heat released in the process will depend on the path taken.

1(f) Of energy, work, enthalpy, and heat, how many are state functions?

A: 0 B: 1 C: 2 D: 4

1(g) For which of the following reaction(s) is the enthalpy change for the reaction not equal to the
enthalpy of formation for the product.

I. 2H(g) ⎯→ H2 (g)
II. H2 (g) + O2 (g) ⎯→ H2O2 (l)
III. H2O (l) +O (g) ⎯→ H2O2 (l)

A: I B: II C: III D: I and III

1(h) Given the following data, calculate the temperature at which formic acid (HCOOH) is expected to
vaporize:

∆H Df (kJ/mole) SD (J/mol K)
HCOOH(l) −410 130
HCOOH(g) −363 251

A: 2.57K B: 355K C: 363K D: 388K

1(i) The standard free energy for the formation of N2(g) at 25°C is zero. What will ∆Gf (in kJ/mole) be
for N2(g) at 25°C and 1000 atm, assuming ideal gas behaviour?

A: +39.4 B: +17.1 C: 0 D: −17.1

1(j) The results of 14 measurements of the concentration of lead in water are reported to you as having an
average of 92.123 ppm, and a standard deviation of 0.237 ppm.

(a). How many degrees of freedom are there in these measurements? 13 .

(b). The t-value for the 95% confidence interval and the number of degrees of freedom in these
measurements is 2.160. Write the result showing the range associated with the 95% CI. Be sure to get the
number of significant figures correct.
92.12±0.51 ppm .
or 94.61 to 95.63

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1(k) A gas absorbs 2.8 J of heat and then performs 12.4 J of work. The change in internal energy of the
gas is:
a) −9.6J
b) +15.2J
c) +9.6J
d)−15.2J
e) none of these

1(l) For a particular process q = −10 kJ and w = 25 kJ. Which of the following statements is true?
a) Heat flows from the surroundings to the system.
b) The system does work on the surroundings.
c) ∆E = −35 kJ.
d) All of the above are true.
e) None of the above are true.

1(m) For which process is ∆S negative?

a) evaporation of 1 mol of CCl4(l)
b) mixing 5 mL ethanol with 25 mL water
c) compressing 1 mol Ne at constant temperature from 1.5 atm to 0.5 atm
d) raising the temperature of 100 g Cu from 275 K to 295 K
e) grinding a crystal of KC1 to powder

1(n) The heat of formation of Fe203(s) is -826 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat of the reaction
3
2Fe(s ) + O2 ( g ) → Fe2O3 ( s )
2
when a 55.8-g sample of iron is reacted.
a) −206 kJ
b) −413 kJ
c) −826 kJ
d) −1650 kJ
e) −3.30×l03 kJ

1(o) The standard enthalpy of formation of H20(l) at 298 K is −285.6 kJ/mol. Calculate the change in
internal energy for the following process at 298 K and 1 atm:
1
H 2 ( g ) + O2 ( g ) → H 2O(A)
2
a) −278.2 kJ/mol
b) −281.9 kJ/mol
c) −285.6 kJ/mol
d) −289.3 kJ/mol
e) +3430 kJ/mol

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Section II: Long-Answer/Numerical Questions
2. 1 mole of Ar at 298.2K and 1 atm pressure undergoes reversible isochoric heating up to a temperature
of 400. K. Then the sample is allowed to expand isothermally and reversibly until its initial pressure is
reached. Calculate ∆E, q, w, ∆H and ∆S for this process.

-1
Vi = nRT = (1mol)(0.08206 L atm mol K -1 )(298.2 K ) = 24.5 L
Pi 1atm

Step 1: isochoric such that W1= 0. ∆T = 102 K such that:

q1 = ∆E1 = nCV ∆T = (1 mol) ( ⎛ 3⎞
⎜ ⎟ 8.314
⎝2⎠ )
J mol-1 K -1 (102 K ) = 1.27kJ

∆H1 = nCP ∆T = (1 mol) ( ⎛5⎞

⎜ ⎟ 8.314
⎝2⎠ )
J mol-1 K -1 (102 K ) = 2.12kJ

⎛ Tf ⎞
∆S2 = nCV ln ⎜ ⎟ = (1 mol)
⎝ Ti ⎠
( ⎛ 3⎞
⎜ ⎟ 8.314
⎝2⎠ )
⎛ 400 K ⎞
J mol-1 K -1 ln ⎜
⎝ 298K ⎠
⎟ = 3.67 J / K

Step 2: isothermal such that ∆E2 = ∆H2 = 0. Reversible; therefore:

-1
V f = nRT = (1mol)(0.08206 L atm mol K -1 )(400 K ) = 32.8 L
Pf 1atm
⎛Vf ⎞ -1 -1 ⎛ 32.8 L ⎞
w2 = − nRT ln ⎜ ⎟ = −(1 mol)(8.314 J mol K )(400 K )ln ⎜ ⎟ = −970 J
⎝ Vi ⎠ ⎝ 24.5L ⎠
q2 = − w2 = 970 J
q2
∆S 2 = = 970 J = 2.43 J / K
T 400 K
Final answer is simply the sum of the corresponding quantities for each step. Notice, I could also used
the expression for ∆S for an isothermal process
∆S = nR ln ⎛⎜ final ⎞
V
⎝ Vinitial ⎟⎠
and gotten the same answer for ∆S2.

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3a. For the compound Pt(NH3)2I2, the following thermodynamic data is available.

∆H Df (kJ/mole) ∆G Df (kJ/mole)
−286.56 −130.25

Compute ∆S for the formation of this species. All thermodynamic values are defined at 25°C.

∆G = ∆ H − T ∆ S
∆G − ∆ H
= −∆S
T
( −130.25kJ mol−1 ) − ( −286.56 kJ mol−1 ) = −∆S 0
f
298.15K
−524.3 J mol −1K −1 = ∆S 0f

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3b. Determine the standard molar entropy for the compound in part 3a.
Use ∆S = −300 J mol-1 K-1 if you did not answer part a. The following standard molar entropy (S°) table
will be useful.
Compound Pt(s) N2(g) H2(g) I2(s)
S° (J mol−1 K−1) 41.63 191.50 130.57 116.14

The formation reaction for the compound is:

Pt( s ) + N 2 ( g ) + 3H 2 ( g ) + I 2 ( s ) → Pt(NH 3 )2 I 2 ( s )
The ∆S for this reaction is the answer from part a, and all the other S° are given; therefore:
∆SDf = ∑
products
SD − ∑
reactants
SD

= SD ( Pt(NH 3 )2 I 2 ( s ) ) − SD ( Pt( s ) ) − SD ( N 2 ( g ) ) − 3SD ( H 2 ( g ) ) − SD ( I 2 ( s ) )

−524.3 J
K (
= SD ( Pt(NH 3 )2 I 2 ( s ) ) − 41.63 J
K ) − (191.50 J K ) − 3(130.57 J K ) − (116.14 J K )
−524.3 J = SD ( Pt(NH 3 )2 I 2 ( s ) ) − 740.98 J
K K
216.7 J = S ( Pt(NH 3 )2 I 2 ( s ) )
D
K

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4) Consider the following reaction (K = 6.9 x 105):
N 2 + 3H 2 R 2NH 3

a. What is ∆G° for this reaction?

b. What is ∆G for this reaction if P(NH3) = 1 atm, P(H2) = 0.1 atm, and P(N2) = 1.4 atm?

a.
∆G D = − RT ln( K ) = − R (298.2 K ) ln(6.9 × 105 ) = −33.3 kJ mol

b.
∆G = ∆G D + RT ln(Q )
⎛
( ) ⎞
2
⎜ PNH 3 ⎟
= −33.3kJ mol + RT ln
⎜ 3⎟
⎝ 2( )(
⎜ PN PH
2 ) ⎟
⎠
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ (1)
2 ⎞
= −33.3kJ mol + ⎜ 8.314 J
( mol K ) ⎟⎠ ( 298.2 K ) ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎜ (1.4 )( 0.1)3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞
= −33.3kJ mol + ⎜ 8.314 J
( mol K ) ⎟ ( 298.2 K )( 6.57 )
⎝ ⎠
= −17.0 kJ mol

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5) In the cylinder of a combustion engine, the total internal energy change from fuel combustion is -2537
kJ for one "stroke". The cooling system surrounding the engine absorbs 947 kJ as heat. Assuming the
movement of the piston results in a volume expansion of 0.5 liters, what is the effective external pressure
the piston expands against?
∆E = q + w
−2537kJ = −947kJ − Pext ∆V
−1590kJ= − Pext ∆V
⎛ 1 ⎞
−1590kJ ⎜ ⎟ = − Pext ( 0.5L )
⎜ 101.3 J ⎟
⎝ L atm ⎠
3.14 × 104 atm = Pext

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6. The equilibrium constant of a certain reaction was measured at various temperatures and the best fit
straight line to the data is plotted below.

What are ∆H° and ∆S° for this reaction?

Slope of line = (5.0-2.0)/(0.20-0.0)=3.0/0.20=15K

Y-intercept = 2.0

−∆H D
slope =
R
⎛ ⎞
∆H D = − R(slope) = − ⎜ 8.314 J (15K ) = −125 J
⎝ ( mol K ) ⎟⎠ mol

∆SD
Y-intercept =
R
⎛ ⎞
∆SD = R ( Y-intercept ) = ⎜ 8.314 J J
⎟ (2.0) = 17 ( mol K )
⎝ ( mol K ) ⎠

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7. Calculate ∆Hº for the reaction
C4 H 4 + 2H 2 → C4 H8
using the following data:
∆Hº(combustion) for C4H4(g) = −2341 kJ/mol
∆Hº(combustion) for H2(g) = −286 kJ/mol
∆Hº(combustion) for C4H8(g) = −2755 kJ/mol

The combustion reactions are

C4 H 4 ( g ) + 5O2 ( g ) → 4CO2 ( g ) + 2H 2O(l ) ∆H° = −2341 kJ
H 2 (g)+(1/2)O2 (g ) → H 2O(l ) ∆H° = −286 kJ
C4 H8 ( g ) + 6O2 ( g ) → 4CO2 ( g ) + 4H 2O(l ) ∆H° = −2755 kJ

Multiply the second reaction by 2 and reverse the last reaction to get
C4 H 4 ( g ) + 5O2 ( g ) → 4CO2 ( g ) + 2H 2O(l ) ∆H° = −2341 kJ
2H 2 (g)+O2 (g ) → 2H 2O(l ) ∆H° = −572 kJ
4CO2 ( g ) + 4H 2O(l ) → C4 H8 ( g ) + 6O2 ( g ) ∆H° = +2755 kJ
C4 H 4 ( g ) + 2H 2 ( g ) → C4 H 8 ( g ) ∆H° = −158 kJ

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