MICROFICHE

r,EmFml;CE
A projact cd Volunteers in Asia

InYentlOnIntelllqence. January-February 1977,

“Technology fOT the Masses”
Published by:
National Research Development corporation
Of India
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RailaSh colony Extension
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India
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J.nUar)-FebrYaiy,971
-
COMPLETE ENGINEERING SERVICES,
AND PROCESS KNOW-HOW FOR:-
CHLORINATION PLANTS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS
PESTICIDES AND
ALLIED CHEMICALS

WITH REST COMPLIMENTS

FROM
-, ._
I\ ,\sr’*“wr,m’\nY ,%I::
 --

DR. C.V.B.RATNAM
.-
-
- Gandhi on ~Technology for tke Masses.--
 Gopalpur--from poverty to prosperity
I
.....I
I. ii/r “Ok : Wbilf mdomg s P”od de&,0,
divirni,Y0, eYII”d ““6 i”di”id”d kind. ikrc i* “rd
 Rural development pregramr
I
ItwENTION INTELLIGENCE 81
Gearing science and
technology for rural uplift
 ‘,

I ,li.,d11,.1 ~,/,1~,~/~,/ I,/ <‘,\I#

,8i~l.,,,,ihi,!iir81
,mj., /I/ h//l,.,/,,,,j.,,,,I,,,,,II
,,,I .ii,.ll,~Y,,,,l,,,llll*ly~ :
,- “..-.“r ” ..”....I.., .
.nnmnriatetechnobw a*

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 19TI
Rural based Industrial projects should be amenable to Integration with rurr?l culture,
skills and resources. Technology should lead to greater sophistication of production to
ensure higher returns from og+zulturol produce, by-products and wastes. And
agriculture should be considered (IS on industry and recrgonized according to the
demand for the end-products. The author exemplifies the underlying phihxophy
through various technologies and projects developed and initiated by the CSIR.

m. 1. t. ~~~~~~~~~~*
screntrrc, Techodogy “tlkatlon Dlvblon, CSIR, New Delhi

INVENTION INTELLIGEN@E 45
*ion from simii,; iche& and pojecln inhated n&by
nitkl a rind2J objectiveor kml other eslablirhed
indurtrier. This co”!d be obvlared by : (i) a
47
 ,,,/,/ ,,, /,I .,‘~,/,/:.1:~~~~~
,,,,,, :i i A,;,, !/,,!k>:,I/,II

A r,,,pr ;,I I/W ,n,m.inc-

,“, c U) <‘,,<.,X~i ,,:oi
j<~‘rrK,. nu,m,
 2. Desalination: The Central Sd! Ri Marine
Chemicals P.crcrrch Institute CMCRIj, nhavnagarhai
developed n p’oceir ior deSa,inPtio” or brxkirh water
to Fm3d”ce drlnring water and a phnt ai IS,CD” llfrcsl
dsy capacity ha5 bee,, COmrlisSi”“Pd in Rajaedi, a
draught aRcted viliage in Amx!i dirfii~f of Gujuat
state.

Central Building Researchhi& (CllRi), Ronrkce

have dc”eiogedand P”f to use s”lar waler Silli an*
‘hmertic solarwaterherterr.

!S~E~~TION PNTEiLIGENCE 45

I -~-
 I’,,,~, ,,,,w, ,~,o/, //,. ;,,,I%; ,,I
!,/,,,,./,,, //,‘I, ,/ ,~,///I,,,,,, ,r/
c/i/ ,~~~ihi,
starchior sizingor cottonY”‘“i.
1”. Fishimiurtlv: I” VJld areas.bothir: fhathins
Processes available for licensine- -.

“St bard Lcchno,ogier(RRL. Shdx-

I & RRL, lnrhrr,
xa baredteEh”dogieE(NCL. Poona&
RI,Karaihdi)
c.Mc,*
Rural baa industrialprojeetrIbO”ld ba amenable
1” ,“tc~mionwith r:ra, ctiture, skissandRLOURCE.
1” Y”“lC Fmf. Y. Navudamma”Diredor-Ge”c*alOf

JANUARY-FEBBUABY 1977
 -----------

INV!ZNTION INTELLIGENCE
JANUARY-FEBRUARY X277
INVENTION INTELLIGENCE
JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
The divorce of the countryside from industrial activity has led to an unbalanced rural
economy s&y dependent on agriculturee. This needs to be corrected by promoting
appropriate and intermediate technologies aimed at ‘production by the masses’ rather
thari ‘mass production’ by a few.

DR. W.B. OONDE

Ecmm,,c Advlrer, Small Industries Development O,gan,rot,on, New Delhi
 h,UC,~ nrter h”SsaneII”\\” theo”“g~ SinceMnhahla
C.““dhi expressedhi3 “ICW 0” rud i”ci”ilr$lirati”“.
S*mchos.“Try bedue!” Ihe Indunrirl IQlicy Kcl”i”fLm
nr the implenm~ali”” of the “Wi”“E 6Ehe”lcsi”El”dCd
I in ,lle F.C Y,xx Pl”“S,not a,, of themrucceislulin equal
memurc,.snoine OFthe decenrmkedindurrriesIwe been
rhic 1” hold an to and “lilintain ttxir P”SiliO”Iin the
economy.mr erumpk the ha*dloom i”d”SlW is ewn
IOd”Ynext ““I? to ~liculfwe in termr“f the numberof
p’upie empbyed. I” dnwing up the fm”*er”“rh for
IUO! indurr~dimion, rherdore, one could justifiably
list rum, ““d %“a,,IEBk industriesasa wholenext only
10 ;,grie”lt”re in termsof their e;l,p,“yme”t geeneratiry
p”!e”fiill. A~ricdfuie. Irndl rcr,e i”dYWiCS,and mm!
i”d”EfCie5f”C”l Ihe tm!&one Of the ,“dian ecO”O”w
tuld society.
“iwed aifferC”liyfro”>,he iin& of i”“cs”“e”t. the
framarorkofrurnl i”d”sirinliusion C”“ld bcbroudlr intn

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
Analyzing the varioor factors that have implications for energy planning for rural
weos, the author suggests greater stress to be iaid on renewable energy resources like
energy plantation. solar energy and biogas, and revival ofwater-borne transportation
through canals.

S.N. GHOSH*
Dlrutor, Bureauof Petroleum& Chemkol Sfudlcr, New Delhi

IEiEhT-iON INTELLIGENCE
JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1577
INVENTION IILTELLIGENCE
wit rud road*.
TO B”“, up. 0°Cbasicstrategyshouldbe ,hOlltika-
tion Of ow humanad animal reSOWceS to tile fullest
UdVanta~~. This is neededwe” for the secwitv and

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
Ii
Whaf are the problems involved in the production and ulilizatian of blogas? And what
.s being done to tackle these problems in order to make &he blogas technology a
potent instrument for rural development 7

DR. T.D. BIEWAS

Pled.,.DWslonof So!1Science& A~,lrulturai Chemistry
lndlan Agr,cu,tu,o, ResearchInnnvte, New Delh,
Gobar gas holder made of ferrocement-

me sue of the gasholdei shouldbe I”Ch a3to ac.

EOmm.adate
tile YOl”tmOfthegasto bz mnrunledciuriog

JANUARY-FEBRUABY lS77
IWENTION INTELLIGENCE
For gas &ne: 0.45 m%T.Pr
For gas hmF6: 0.07 d,manue,hr @I 0.03 m’,‘m
callde-nower lamD,hr,

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 19n
INVENTION INTELLIGENCE
 -
From horse manure to rich ‘soil’ in a week

JANUARY-FEBRiJARY I977
With increasing pressure of human settlements diminishing the country’s firewood
resources, the rural landscape is being stripped bare of its tree cover. leading to
serious ecological and other consequences. The process can be checked by systematic
plantation oftrees, shrubs, grasses and legumes on hilly terrains, ravines and
wastelands-with a multiplicity of gains in terms of soil and water conservation, better
land utilization. increased crop and fodder productlm, easy availobillty of firewood,
ond improved environments.

DR. B.D. PATIL

0lrectc.r
DR. P.S. PATHAK
)unlor Ecologlrt
IndIm Gmslmd ELFodderResearch Irisfltufe, )hanrl (U.P.)

IBVENTXON INTELLIGENCE -78

/: ,,~,,,,.,,,:
,,., ,,::z \<Jrry (,,,, i/is ,‘,,,I <id.il, &I/0 11,,,/,,cr S>/,d,,
84 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
I
84 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
I
MOW &ha: syryJiul, E”nli”,: Tn”,nrind,,r ,,,nirn
“..a.- . .-

blatus; M&a porphyrmoma;P.ul& notatum:

ANndinda bengabnsis:Atylosia scaraboidcs;Des-
m0ditm UnEinltYmi purerin *b”nta*iana: clitorir
temcata:Vi& pp.;Glycinejaeanica:stylosanths3
barnala.
3. HumidcademHimahym rfgion bnd ,rlmds
shwb,: Desmodimlcepbabtun;Imcac* ,*tisi,iqua:
Senbaniamdiiom: s,. s&an; Moringa d&era:
Mcm3 ah: Desmsr,thes virpatus.
0m.mc.lL kqimex scti ancepa.

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
MOW &ha: syryJiul, E”nli”,: Tn”,nrind,,r ,,,nirn
“..a.- . .-

blatus; M&a porphyrmoma;P.ul& notatum:

ANndinda bengabnsis:Atylosia scaraboidcs;Des-
m0ditm UnEinltYmi purerin *b”nta*iana: clitorir
temcata:Vi& pp.;Glycinejaeanica:stylosanths3
barnala.
3. HumidcademHimahym rfgion bnd ,rlmds
shwb,: Desmodimlcepbabtun;Imcac* ,*tisi,iqua:
Senbaniamdiiom: s,. s&an; Moringa d&era:
Mcm3 ah: Desmsr,thes virpatus.
0m.mc.lL kqimex scti ancepa.

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
 NDgajams areas
eecws tlw,e madefrom“and-Picked.flesh
‘r”itP-a”d PUWsugar.
Nogajam aw justrhe righ thing *1 breahfas.
YOU,childrenWili love the fruity-sweettaste Ifrawberr” am!
And the little chunkror flUitthey’ll find in the
jam.Na wonder,they’llwan, more--and moleI
Give Ycu familythe goodnessOf N0g.3jams marmaladeand
IWBthe mste,
bOGI lams-with the fresh fruit taste andgoodness.
.h.&;,n
Solar energy for rural
development
Solar energy could be a boon for Indian vi//ages, particularly the ones situated away
from industrial centres. Pumping irrigation water, drying and processing agricu/fUral
prcd~cts, producing potable water from brackish water, cooking, lighting, and
entertainment are some of the important fields of solar energy application for rural
areas. which need to be given priority in our developmental efforts.

DR. H.P. GiRG

Head, Solar Energy Studies Sectian, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur
 ..~“,
1953-54 18.6 82.2 **I 125.9 68
19556 19.6 adA 26.3 130.3 67
1x&61 21’6 95.3 29.2 146.1 64
1962-63 22.0 96.8 29.6 L48.3 55
196566 17.6 120.1 31.1 168.8
DE%69 19.7 us.1 32.6 187.4 I:

INtXNTION IINTELLIGENCE
JANUARY-FEBRUABY 1977
 LOWTEMPERmuRE .soL%R ENGWE
LTS. ENGINEwcas,~smu*cwuDI.OR.I

, rnO~“LK *“Me “‘“I”

*WT... CI.SYI

INVENTION INTELLIGENCE
 in Fig. 4.
The first solarSfiilin the “Odd wassetYpby carlos
Wilsonin 1872ai l..aBwims in

!?4 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977

 LOWTEMPERmuRE .soL%R ENGWE
LTS. ENGINEwcas,~smu*cwuDI.OR.I

, rnO~“LK *“Me “‘“I”

*WT... CI.SYI

INVENTION INTELLIGENCE
 I. mtcr G”“r* 65.7”
(Koraw
2. Brinjd 50-55
3. Crbbrge es65
4. canoi 65.70
5. CaLdiAowPr 60-a
6. G.&r 55-m
7. nm-KM 50-w
x. Okra 65.7Q
Wldy‘E6”&
9. onionr M~65
10.Fe%5 M-65
1I. POtafOeE 60.65
12. Pumpkin 63.70
L1. SDi”iiCh 65.10
14. TmmOeE 60-a
IS. Turnip 50.55

G8 JANIIARY-FEBRUARY 1877
 P2.h Best Compliments from

2lA Noble Chambers

SA Brelvl Road
BOMBAY 400001
Phone: 2.5 8x86 Grams: PEACOCK

First lndlgeriour& PlmearMonufocturersof

f WHITE/YELLOW PNOSPHORUS
* PHOSPHORIC ACID
* FRRRO PHOSPNORUS
+ SODlUN HEXAMETA PHOSPHATB
* MONO, DI & TRi SODIUM PHOSPHATES
* DIBASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS

* AMMONlUM PHOSPHAPES

Fsctcry & R 8f D Centre :

MIDC PLOT C-I ANDHERI-KURLA ROAD
Thana-Belapur Road
THANA (Maharashtra) BOMBAY 400 059

9s JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
 P2.h Best Compliments from

2lA Noble Chambers

SA Brelvl Road
BOMBAY 400001
Phone: 2.5 8x86 Grams: PEACOCK

Flmt lndlgeriour& PlmearMonufocturersof

f WHITE/YELLOW PNOSPHORUS
* PHOSPHORIC ACID
* FRRRO PHOSPNORUS
+ SODlUN HEXAMETA PHOSPHATB
* MONO, DI & TRi SODIUM PHOSPHATES
* DIBASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS

* AMMONlUM PHOSPHAPES

Fsctcry & R 8f D Centre :

MIDC PLOT C-I ANDHERI-KURLA ROAD
Thana-Belapur Road
THANA (Maharashtra) BOMBAY 400 059

9s JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
100 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 197-f
sr. Fad
No. orn
,, I\nn,iot;nn. :
JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
t
t
t
Aquaculture, the form!ng of aquatic plants and animals. can be ~1sgood a source of
food 6s o~riculturr. Its development will not only generate additional food
resw~es but o/so create conditions for rural prosperity.
V.hiCh Ihc aquatic animals ,nr*.+ remSIn ““See”. I”
water. <he e>tri f”Olf mlkrlalr and other metabolic
V.hiCh Ihc aquatic animals ,nr*.+ remSIn ““See”. I”
water. <he e>tri f”Olf mlkrlalr and other metabolic
V.hiCh Ihc aquatic animals ,nr*.+ remSIn ““See”. I”
water. <he e>tri f”Olf mlkrlalr and other metabolic
111
112 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
Essentially (I by-product @agriculture, doirying until recently has been CTsource of
side.income to the farmer. However, like high yield forming, doirying too can
be turned into (I high productivity enterprize and allowed to stand on its own in
healthy competition with modern agricukure.

DR. D. S”NDA,RESAN
Director. Nationol Dofry Researchhfitute (ICAR),Korna,, Haryano

INVESTION IWELLIGENCE 113


twicea* mxh as a kiiO&mTa, ‘digcrfih:eLmtein Ied
throughgreen.urage:andin ternisorenergy,a !dogram,
0, ‘flf4 digestiblenulrienlr’ fed throughervinr COILI
four ti,meSM n,ui-ha !doEmmor ‘!O,d digeilibienutri-
C”fO’red ,hiou*i; a combinationa: hiph g”alily green
io;rge and dry fodder%
A projectai the NDRI, K~inal hu *how that six
high yieldingrows supportedby one hectr.: or good
land ““ck inigatedcondilian.in the northern‘egion
or the country,Will piwide the raimei a net retYInor
KS 5,000, ixctrre,yr for his labour and i”xarmf, as
again3 rho”, RS 3,000,h~uie,yr ror intenrivecrop
Edtiwtion with hi& yi&Jing varietiesor CarealE.
“*to ml 1156.83 - -
801.nw 292.36 294.90
1201-1600 234.96 m.64
114
R”k “f woyleilin dairyburinesn
A CDrnrnO” phenomlnonin regiannw,xre dairyingis
a,, mp0rta”f comncrcul acti”i!y Of u/e illra, ~OPUla.
tim, es in Cujam and Panjob,is fhrt it ib file women
hlk who essentiallymai,min and “iamlg~ the dairy
<ORI2nd b”Fwxi. I” aremwherethe ,T,i,kpr”duccdis
Channeled lhmgh dairypIam, hinging dniiy “r weekly
incometo the household, the riai~yingnstivity raisesthe
status“l WOmen, They orten c nunand “spcci in fhc
coinmu.‘:, ror fk directincome:,ro”~,‘tto the,rmi,y.
li has r,so be” ertabliihed fhhl, eve,, fhwgh r
siiableportmroffbe rniikpiodurcdin suchalessisdraa”
by “Iilk &mt! ior urbm conr”mp,ian,fix cDni”mptio”
or mill<at LhCfarmeri’ homerii, the “ilinger of there
areasis morethan in the “ei*hl,““ri”Y villager where
nliik il not SOidto dairyp,an,s.ThlSw!x clearlybrought
OYti7 a studyai milk EO”s”mpti0”in Krira diltrkc.
1156,83 654.03
- 293.21 -
X4.33 21.53 -
JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1971
 /
i”

IWENTION INTELLIGENCE
 percapitainCOme Ofthe dlSwiCt!
The magnitudeOfrural changemadevmibk by this
e,l,wnrire is arroniihine.The weraze milk D~od”ctioo
ner dcm in EL,ira&rict mlay is-about 4 ,itres;by
jut hcreaiing ‘tile milk productioncapacity of this
nnimai to 8 iitrcs, the “as* increasein the Ter capita
inCOmeand t,,e conreqwntmra, changecm we,, be
imgincd.

116 JANUAWFEBRUARY 1977

--------
Scientific management of irrigation water offers the best insurance against u wt!:er-
induced fiucfuotions in our total food produttioo. Emcient ground water utilizatitin.
improved veer conveyance aad distribution techniques, judicious selection of water
application methods, and proper irrigation timing and cropping potterns to emwe high
water use e$Ciency are among the essential elements of our irrigation planning and
wow monogement.

DR. A.M. MiCHAEL

Pro*iectLNmior, Water Techcalo~ycentre. IAR!,New Delhi

kiigalim is aiiificlr, aDp,icntianOf wn,Cr*u soil
far the PYQOW Of piant produciim Irrig,t!ionwateris
Suppliedto Supplement the wateravailablefronlrvinfdl
and the soi1mOiStweContributedby Ihe grou,i muter.
With morekin ml “P ,cleWdd’Si,rignte*area.h&n
:eadsthe world with th? 1armi irrigation “el\““rk.
During ‘h’ part 25 YCarE, sisnificantSt&es weremade
rowad impro”i”g o!x irrigation pOte”,ia, ad the
irrigatedareahasinmead from 22 mixon hecctamto
aboutA5rniilicmhectarei.ThininCreaSe ismnin,yaccwmt-
ed for by the hcrearod“se If surfacewaterresources
through the Eomfnxfion cf reservoirsandcanalnet-
works,thoughOf late there has bee” a rapid increase
in the numberOfiirigationwe,/sai wd,.
until recently,*he attentionOf OYTirriga,ionmgi-
necrswascaulked to ihe canaloutlet, whereihe warn
is delivered,whilethe quantitativeaspectsOfwater !Jse
on the farmse1e.by and large,“cgiected.
In the EomprehenEi”e strategyneededior the 20nser.
vamn and de”elooi”enlOf 0°C watcireEO”rCeE, szvera,
fact013are to be kept in View:the rvaiiabilify “f water,
its quality. l’mfi‘m. diifribvfiou ami YariaiiO”in its
moNre~v, CliPlafiECo”difims,natureOfthe soi,,Corn-
@ircg dCrnan<.i.and aocia-ccoonmiccondiiidna.IO
dealingwith eachOf theSefactorseveryelTm m,,stbe
madeto makethe bestuseOf the availablewater,50 as
to emwe a hi& levelOfcontinwUTp!oddon. Our aim
today is to increaseagricultural pm!w,ion per unit
whme Of water,per unit areaOf croppedlandper “nit
time.
scicntifc mana~eemeot Of irrigation water pro”iGos
tile best iOPwa”ceagains:weuther-induced Auct,.riions
in fOirl hd productio”,and it k the Onlywayto malie
OYIamiC”lflmCOmPCfiliVe and pro8tabie..:,; intepr.Id
POIiCY far waterleSo’,rCeE management. in additionto
emiem utilizationOf the other iesowcesfor opfimum
crop ~loii”Ctio”, rhonid ,neet fix ‘eq”ireme,,,rOf our
grmvilig i”d”ifry, humanand :iveitock conrumption,
and alSoFr”“idCFarcooriCmfrd, hy’h-electric pout,
generation,recmltionand navigation.
Many seriousland and water pr;blemr now CO”.
hut our irrigatedrgricuhurc.Largequan,itiesOf water
harvestedhm wateiihcds,wnpe* r,om &To,,nd-wafer
Saurces.or dwerledfrom streamrare bSf by sccpvge
and CYapwafionhm tada, cana,r,dintiibuloricrand
field channels.Inadequatelyor impqdy deiigned
field irrigation ByStemaLid“nc.3”tr”lled WB!FT app:ica.
60” ndwd5 lead to hugeloses or water by way Of
seepgeand deepFercdafio”b&W tile crop root zone.
ThiS not oniy leadr to the kns Of a “aluabk resuurce
developedat hi& cm but aiS0crea.teS senaurproblems
Of vmierlog&lg2ndacC”m”ialionoi harm‘“, Ldf..
Effcient *‘atei management Should,fhercfore,be an
esseDnti?J ieatue of our irrigation p:‘““ing. Integrated
de”elaFmentOf water leso”rces,emcientmethods‘3
conveyanceand disfribufian Of water 0” the ram,
judiciaur methodEOf water applicr!ion. “Toper IOil
nanaF,cemenf practicesand CmDpingpatternshoi h&l
water“se eEde”cy, SCiC”fiI5C timingOf irrigationto mit
crop growthsta&el,rnd the removalOfexces waterair
the imporfrnt aspectsOf a compmhe~ivcicrigaticn
developmentpm*,am.
!alkient groundW&l “tilitatioo
EiEIciC”iand eM”omiCa,Ytilizatio” of groundwafer
thraughwellsdependS on cloir designthat bfff suitstile
ChaiacteiiEiiCS
Of the waterbearingformation.me ROW
Of gim”d wate, into weusis ihtluencedby the phyiicd
characlererislicau: rhe water bearing furmatio”, ihe
extentOf fhiSFormation,the elementsof we,,&rig”, and
the methodsusedfor comtmctingand deveiopingtile
we,,s.

INVENTION INTELLIGENCE 117

kilowati-haurs,yrto 3,621 million ki,owatr-ho”n,yr
*urine the Bane oerid which would nccer3itatea”

JANUARY-FEBRUABY 1977
LLIGENCE
New deep-well hand-pump for
rural areas
 -

INDIANS ABROAD CAN NOW EARN

TAX-FREE INTEREST IN INDIA

IF YOU HAVE A RELATIVE OR FRIEND

ABROAD, REQUEST HIM TO OPEN A
FOREIGN CURRENCY
(Non-Resident)
DEPOSIT ACCOUNT IN INDIA
with any Branch of
I IA

He will enjoy the following beneti?s :

* 56;: to 19% interest p. a. on Foreign Cirrency Deposits in
PGUNDS STERLING and US DOLLARS for periods from
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* No Income-Tax on intares? earned
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* Principal and interbst remittable abroad in the currency of
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JANUABY-FEBRUARY 1977
 -

INDIANS ABROAD CAN NOW EARN

TAX-FREE INTEREST IN INDIA

IF YOU HAVE A RELATIVE OR FRIEND

ABROAD, REQUEST HIM TO OPEN A
FOREIGN CURRENCY
(Non-Resident)
DEPOSIT ACCOUNT IN INDIA
with any Branch of
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He will enjoy the following beneti?s :

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JANUABY-FEBRUARY 1977
huge technicalmanpowel(making third in the WOdd,
could not so far imprc,c the designOf thin vcna,i,e
\,ChiCk.
Pdlon O,P.l3in bu,,ock-cmchip,, : ThereimeSaid
!Obeasmanyas3w diRwe”ttypes @erignrl“i bullock-
cartsin usea,, Ol’erthe coultry. But mm Ofthemhaic
Qreiv cOmm”nfcafms, as dercrihedbelnr, bvhi‘h“,,lSL
ho tackledfirst duringany designercrcire.
1. Wheels: B”l!ock‘w!r bUIiCBl,Yusewuorien
wheels6ftod with iron tyren or ringi. ivlajoria al the
wheels“id 9r* spoketyoe (669:)3”d the nit arm type
(3 %,. ThC shccidiamc,cn‘““es irum 3 n to 6 f, CT!%
bullock hCiEhfli/IS0vary hml one state ,” u,i”,hcr,.
The carr& CBPrCify ol LhCbullock-cartis ieducec,with
reduction in .“heel dimmer. Wbik ihe IraStiVeciiort
i5 i”crePIed.
2. Wheelwrer : The width Of the iron-ryresranger
from Ii to 3* indlrr : the greaterthe tyre width, the
!+:>er Ihe ‘Oif. but lesserthe tractivcelloortind”ed.
Though pneumalicwheelsreduce rhe tractiw e,rurt.
icssenik wearalld tearof maiii. ?illdincmre thecriry-
ing UlLmcities, the overa,, eCOnY”iiCs Of cpmtion ii,
presenlrrtrr ad thei”“CltmC”trbilily Ofthe indiri<,“a,i
and the statedo not give if a cleanChit to bC inrirllcd
on ill, theexisting13“lilli’m ADVS.
3. Wheelhub. bearingand ark : The ,i”lliial P:.,e
is a rnlld-rice,hind-madevtl%r whichis not a trueU~lCli,
and 10are the hubsand beringi : theywzarO”f rwq
ca”li”S wheel-wobble. Whkhincleaierihe tractiveeh-or,
and 15injuriousto iho bullocks. Toe lubricanturcd
,cami seedOil) h3Etoo Me viscority to piwide ,hC
desired lubricrtion for the spot-loadscreated Whik
driving. The absenceai my springson !hr ark results
in a,, the instant impact loads,caurcd by u”e”en”eii
Ol the mail *urfKe,pettin* tlanrmitfedto the b”liOCkS.
me iitualion is fumlr 3-ggm”aldby the problrm or
imperkctionof load balancrdue f0 fhe scmfhgs heilig
eitherhiehcrOIl”vm thantheactlullneckofthe bdkki,
whichcall%5I partd fix lard 10beardirectlyon t” their
“c&r-so thattk? rian carrying suchlords inrte.d or
drJgh+ngthem.And no saddle-likefitmentis usedOna
buuocr (as on a horseor a tongaj fO avoid tile lDPdOf
the Wlf restingon it3 neck.
ProbablerO,utiom: The ems madein tile panby
Mr. B.“. “a& “nkier!ire a”Sp:kcsOf the in&an Road
congressand ihe PXp,ri,,ILDtE at the central RoadIce-
searchInstitute. New “dhi L” dwe,Cp 1 se!fdigning
wheelthat mu!<a*just to fht slopingro~&camkr, and
the idor or usingivm COniCPi mkr bearingi on each
wheel, dmerveappreciation.However,more c.mce”ed
CBDitEin thir directionare rzquiied,ior ““lOISthe ideas
~welopedax put i”!O prac*iLe,a,, researL% andthinking
on bullac:-carl &sign would go \WSlC.TO my mind,
ROYattimpt et ‘“pra;~ii;g .bz bulloik~carfiieiigo n?lSf
takecareOf fk fooliowing poim :
1. Thr \i,lazc carpenterSh”“ld he ahlc fc’ learn
the ne\v technique.easi,ynori CoiltimEI” ,nwnuiacf”rei’
tlnrl repair,hc builack-car,i.

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1’97
 carryinglOODEon eithersac
8. where needed,an alumi*i”m diagonalmeshfur
carryingiO”SCseeds,ma”uzS etc on the rranre07 in a
detachablecontainerof 4 fl llcigtd, 8 R Ic”g,h, ard 6 if

TNVENTION INTELLIGENCE 1%
 carryinglOODEon eithersac
8. where needed,an alumi*i”m diagonalmeshfur
carryingiO”SCseeds,ma”uzS etc on the rranre07 in a
detachablecontainerof 4 fl llcigtd, 8 R Ic”g,h, ard 6 if

TNVENTION INTELLIGENCE 1%
I TruCkI 4.5 100 4.0 250 9.40
““SC% I .” 75 4.0 250 1.50
3. crir 6.5 8.0 125 ,I.06
4. T&w I .” 4: 8.0 LX w
1 r...,. I (1 7” 5” 1”” U.32

--
29.0 16.21

INIX~‘IO\’ IUTELLIGENCE 127

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
 Scienlists at the Central Building Research Institute, Roorhee have developed a
number Jfinnovations toor rural housing, both to ‘mprove traditional methods of
construction and to provide more durable and strong structures.

NARENDRAVERMA
Wenm Cmrdhmr, Rural Buildlog Division, Cerd Building Researchinrtitute, Roorkee

The EhomgeOf hoUse%rpecinily Forthe 1’00’ in

r”d area oi our countryhas beenincrcaringover the
years,and the bv~klogpiling up. The majorreasonfor
thin rhortageis, no d‘mbf. the PopuiationeXploEi0”.
b”f B numberof ii”“EeEdo Collr~icrnd vmiih every
) during he rainy SZEOLI, or due tn earthquakes,
Hod,, outbreakOffiresetc.
II is errimnted’that the housingshortagemay <each
Ihe @we 80miuionunitsby 1979.ASagainstfhiEShort-
age, the rate Of cansfru?iio”has beenpitiF”lly small,
mainly dueto PCO”DrniC reasonsand the prioritie3firied
by both the individualand the Goucmment.Obviouily,
dmrt t~rrngainsare prekired Lo lessproductivejobs
,i!e housingAddedto this is the mra1poverty: almut
50 percenthourehaidEin India car”’ less ciao RSICO
andaboutsoprcent lerl thanRS200.WithSUCh meagre
economicmlo”rccI, it is almOItim~oiriblefor the poor
evento think or anythire moreihan food ad clothing.

1;WER;TIO.U INTELLIGE’KE 129

 .--

ONE ROOM HOUSE

130 JANUARY-FEESRUARY 1977

 -
BRICK SKELETON SYSTEM
F~SI~RENUMBERS IN CIRCLE0 ONE ROOM HOUSE

e 115TWX BRI
INBUDMOR
--. 3ommiHiCKMUDGMINIMUMI
2 COAT OFHOTBlT"MEN
ROOM 25mn TWCKc. CONC. 1:2:4
ga
t SOS0x 3180 P, Irl (PRECAST BRICKPDNEL
( , ^ ^^..""^V “.,^I^_
, , ,-.c’“Lr*r,
1-i !y:

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
II\‘!DTIOX INTELLIGENCE
 ,‘,,,i,,l-~~,..I /ho/,0,
h,l:,i,/ ,,sr,,,~,“.,,,;;,,‘i,,i
r.e,htr /i.L’li,/ll,I/ mo:,:,‘to#1~

!jl //I, ?T, I/ ,m/, , ,,~ I’,,. I,,,, ~,‘J’.l #/I

,, ;il,/,,~ li,,i:. ,‘I, i j:, ,lj A I,,, I ,i
F,O”RE
NdMBERS
,N$g$%RETE SKELEToN SYSTErb4 -
fa ONE ROOM HOUSE.

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977

--
 TIMBER SKELETON
2JRENUMBERS
INC!RCLE
0
 TIMBER SKELETON
2JRENUMBERS
INC!RCLE
0
 ;j;:‘:,,,,N,@ed,
for development of new
~~~,i’~~::,imPlemen~* and tools
What are the implements end tools that need to be developed to improve the
!
productivity of land and labour? The author has made some valuable .suggestions
immediate developmental effort.

Dcpwcment of &rrcVrcurol Engineulng, CoNege of Tecbmlogy

Vnkrrlty of Agrlculfure & Technology,Pantm?$v, Nlrlnltd

1’: ,,, INVENTION INTELLIGENCE

140
power.
A numberof 4.wheelt,actDrEare being maO”f~C.
ture.3ao.3“red in India.Theseare, however,beYyond
the
reachOf2 ,arz sction Ofthe faming cmmtity. LOW
 crop.
HarvestingOf PotafOeEis amfher time conruming
of engine Opcratd, fr*ClOr mounted, aId power filk,
and laboriousLiroces some IxmfO deeers have hoe”
mounted rmocr~ al the P”“i:lb Aericulrural “nivenit”.

1. Harrington, ROYE. Agric”lt”ra.l Eogi”ccri”g and

Productivity. Agric”ltm4 Mechanizatianin Asia,
“I (21:41.48,L975.
2. ICAR PruceedingE Of the S.,mbi”ed *“““a, work-
shop lOi Agric”il”ral EngineeringResearchb&3 a,
PunjabAeridtural University,Ludhima,Oct.19X
3. Zachariah,P.J. cost Rcductio.,0: Meillanmfio”
Input for Imprwing AgriCdtulri Production.Ma-
chineryDiYiSiO”,MinistryOfAgriculture& Irrigation.
Departmentor Agricdture, OWf. Of India, New
Ddbi, 1976.

JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1977
What are the possible accidents that one might meet with at the form :hop? And what
are the precautionary measures to word them of ?

DR.KS. SALARIA& Er. R.K.SlNGAL

Departmeot
OfMechanlcql
Engineering,
College
ofAgric”lt”rolEngineering
Punjab Agricultural UnivFrrity, Ludhiooo

DON’T USE PL/ERS Oh’ N&Xi-

knowiilg howto doaparticular job.Forexampk, many
OEUEdonotknowhow10h”lda “ail whendrivingit.
If weholdit verynearitspointourih”rnbandfmger
Willbesmashed, if it slip ,.dlenstruck
(Fig.2a);if bve
hOIdif lleariii headour thumbamifqer maybe
!awc!eed cmt“f ihew*y(Fig.2b).Evenwhile“Sing the
CormcL toolandfollowing thecorrect method,
tilefollow-
ing guidelines andSuggestionr shouldbe “baerved to
avoidaddem.

INVENTIONINTELLIGENCE 143
 WUUUG UlGfV
FJG.3
CMEL XEADS
144
 SafetyemleEfint and a little cruhm andsyrMmic
worli 60esn long wayin avoidingicccidenfs
at fhCiarm
rhoo. Onething is certain:accidem bninor or major1
rie boundto happen,!mwoverhardwemaytry to avoid
LhPnl.For this reasonwe shouldBllYWPbe ready to
pio”ide fart-aid 10the accident“iaim, and a first-aid
kit is essentialhi *his pupae.

INVENTIONINTELLIGENCE
 There’smuch
than magicon the road...
-
ada
India’s Fist Complete
Live-action fwheel Mini C
with a;rtt-corrosive
fibreglass reinforced
polyester body
HIGHLIGHTS
Overall fuel consumption:
25 km. ser We.
Seating capacity: 4 adults.
En+: 2.stroke.
honzontally opposed twin
cylinder, air-cooled
petrol engine. BH*g 12.

bads~ - the optimum smileage car

Sunrise Auto Industries Limited. Bangalore- 022.
-

Appropriate technology for rural

areas

~~.t.,.,.~8, Karki, II16 Eorr Poie’ N”~or. Nsw

counter-productive.
while Surveyi”gthe mar wkc useof technolo&ty
iE
mastneededonecannotbut museat amiculture:over

INVENTION INTELLIGENCE
 Develop a balloon for methane gas
Thefdoring lelferis rcprodurdfromthsTimer of L”d,..
2 October1914topro”idefaod folfhau~hlto in”e”tari--Ed.

--Shantilal H. Shah, Bomm

An economical chula

ECONOMICAL CHULA
 Develop a balloon for methane gas
Thefdoring lelferis rcprodurdfromthsTimer of L”d,..
2 October1914topro”idefaod folfhau~hlto in”e”tari--Ed.

--Shantilal H. Shah, Bomm

An economical chula

ECONOMICAL CHULA
Homes that rise from the soil

Provide* nltvrtdsoilposIclleia CmmbillilfiO” Of

certain
charmedriicr, hoxovei, it cmbesubjected lo the
PIOEPIEknown as%abiiizafi”d. meeRect Ofr**ingP
stabilizing
agent, likePorthIdcement, is “of onlyto
enhance if.?bestqualiticrbut t&o impartto if other
D’opertieiwhich soi1alonedoernotPOEseEs.
TheStilbilizatiO”pcOCeSs i”YDhEtaring/iOilirom
theearthan* pdreriliy if, mixin:a ccr,ainrmali
amc’u”f“f cement, a**i,ywater ““fil a” o&xm mob-
turecontent is obiain~~d,an* subjecthe !hedoughto
moderate prcssuie,therebyp:o*ucing il masswh:ck,
when
set,posscsseEgreat SLrengfh.
ThiEmatcria, isaa tobear
33muchhigherwor!+ioa* thancouldbecarried bysni,
withouicemn,,an*durnbkenough (0r.ithstand
cud.
““0”seP;ec+3 “f mnOnpheriC a8e”fr.
Thecompound OfSOi,,cenlent rndW,E/,inkedin
Proper prop0rtio.lsandcompacted to a psyer*agree,
COnsfit”fe:
“soilce”%r,l”.

JANUAFcY-FEBRUARY 1977
 I r II

,r ‘F
I’ c
,#C‘,ws&
‘“a’> ,J’ ,’D
DS./l
FIG. 3
‘if+ ,_,
 &cd Ilead on the pump wit, sivc mom dircharge.

BE AD-WISED
AdverUse

-G.S. Targaonkar. ~eparmeni of ~echanira, Your New Products 6 Services

Engioeering.
co,,epeOfEogioeering,
Amrorati.Mahororhfio. in
INVENTION INTELLNXNCE
Forbetterp”bllClty
Using waste-wood for energy Send“9Wllb-UPs0” NEW ProduslP
production 6 Technig.e.
forpublisatlo”
I I” DYT
magazm
ra I would ILC to propozelollowin~ideas‘01 &.ve. Advertisement Ratsa
loome”r: I
 --_

-India RDSmede amazing progress durhg the

las: few ~DI’IS in quality seed production...
I em happy MSC is endsavoumg to
strengthen t’,e seed industry,. NSC is useful
and importan: link between the Dfeeder mdl
the farmer” D,~Norma,,EdBailaug,an mm*??
a~,im,,“rsi s.3m119,
anoNOWLsvreals,

\:EI\T~IOUIXIPLLIGENCE Ifi9
 Pleass enfol me as a subseriberlienew my subscription to invention
lntolligence’nwishhar for one yearitwo years/three years’four yews with
sfhct from ~. A Money Order is sent for Rs ~. towaid
tha subscription.
Please acknowledge receipt.

Mame

Full addsess

[in capitals)

RRy previous &b. No: (Signature)

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Edited and published by Sbri Badiuddio f&m for the National ReSearcbDevelopment Corporation
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in the field of chemical,
mechanical, electronic,
electrica!. machine tool, and
other industries, National For f”llllsrfic”l.wr
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