Anarchism PO53022A (Spring 2013)

Prof. Carl Levy

Department of Politics
Goldsmiths College
University of London
WT 708
Office Hours Mondays 2-4

c.levy@gold.ac.uk

This unit focuses on the history, politics and ideology of anarchism chiefly from its

origins in the nineteenth century to 1939. There will be a discussion of anarchism in

the post-1945 period but the main aim of the unit is to trace the origins and

development of anarchist ideology (Godwin, Stirner, Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin,

Malatesta, Goldman, etc.) and the associated social and labour movements in Europe

and the Americas (from the Paris Commune of 1871 to the Spanish Civil War, 1936-

1939, and the Haymarket Riot of Chicago of 1886 and the Mexican Revolution of

1910-1920 to the Russian Revolution and Civil War of 1917-1921). We will

investigate anarcho-collectivism, anarcho- communism, anarcho-individualism and

anarcho-syndicalism. The relationship between anarchist movements and terrorism

will also be discussed, but so too will the relationship of art and education to

anarchism. But these will also be a substantial time devoted to anarchist-type

movements and ideas, which developed throughout the world before 1800 and as well

a discussion of the ‘ism’, anarchism, its reception and interchange with thinkers, ideas

and movements in Asia and Africa.

Course Aims

 To examine the concepts and values which are central to anarchist thought.

 To consider the place of anarchism in key historical events.

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Learning Outcomes

 Be able to understand critically the nature of anarchism.

 Understand the place of anarchism in a broad historical context.

Requirements: Students will submit one research essay of 4000 to 5000 words. You

may use the topic questions for any given week for your essay.

Please note plagiarism is not permitted: by now you know the consequences.

For the deadline for the submission of the essay please consult your student handbook

or the departmental office.

These are important overviews of and engagements with anarchism.

1. M. A. Bammyeh, Anarchy as Order. The History and Future of Civic

Humanity, Lanham, 2009.

2. M. Buber, Paths in Utopia, London, 1949.

3. P. Elzbacher, Anarchism: Exponents of Anarchist Philosophy, London, 1960.

4. A. Carter, The Political Theory of Anarchism, London, 1971.

5. F. Dupuis-Déri, ‘Anarchy in Political Philosophy’, Anarchist Studies, 13, 1,

2005, pp. 8-22.

6. B.Franks and M. Wilson, Anarchism and Moral Philosophy, Basingstoke,

2010.

7. D. Goodway (ed.), For Anarchism. History, Theory, Practice, London, 1989.

8. Daniel Guerin, Anarchism from Theory to Practice, New York, Monthly

Review Press, 1970.

9. Daniel Guerin, No Gods, No Masters, AK Press, 2006.

10. J. Heckert and R. Cleminson (eds.), Anarchism & Sexuality. Ethics,

Relationships and Power, Routledge, 2011.

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 11. James Joll, The Anarchists, 2nd Ed., London, Methuen, 1979.

12. Ruth Kinna, A Beginner’s Guide. Anarchism, Oxford, OneWorld, 2005.

13. Carl Levy, “Anarchism”, Encarta Online Encyclopaedia 2007: easiest way to

access this is to google: Carl Levy anarchism Encarta.

14. Peter Marshall, Demanding the Impossible. A History of Anarchism, London,

Fontana, second edition , London, Harper Perennial, 2008.

15. David Miller, Anarchism, London, 1984.

16. M. Nettlau, A Short History of the Anarchist Movement, Freedom, 1996.

17. A. Prichard (ed.) of special issue of Millennium, 39,2, 2010) on anarchism and

international relations.

18. A. Prichard, ‘Deepening anarchism: international relations and the anarchist

ideal’, Anarchist Studies, 18, 2, 2010, pp. 29-57.

19. A. Ritter, Anarchism: A Theoretical Analysis, Cambridge University Press,

1980.

20. S. M. Sheehan, Anarchism, London, 2003.

21. R. Sonn, Anarchism, New York, 1992.

22. J. Suissa, Anarchism and Education. A Philosophical Perspective, London

2006/Oakland, 2010.

23. C. Ward, Anarchism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press,

2004.

24. G. Woodcock, Anarchism, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1986.

25. G. Woodcock (ed.), Anarchism and Anarchy, Hamilton, Ontario, 1997.

I suggest you buy Kinna and Marshall.

Useful Anthologies

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1.R. Graham (ed.), Anarchism. A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas. Volume

One: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300 EC to 1939), Montréal, 2005;

Volume Two: The Emergence of the New Anarchism (1939-1977),

Montréal 2007; Volume Three: The New Anarchism (1974-2008).

2. I. L. Horowitz (ed.), The Anarchists, New York, 1964.

3. L. Krimmerman and L. Parry (eds.), Patterns of Anarchy, New York, 1966.

4. M. S. Shatz, The Essential Works of Anarchism, New York, 1971.

5. G. Woodcock, (ed.), The Anarchist Reader, Penguin, 1986

6. R. Amster (ed.), Contemporary Anarchist Studies: An Introductory Survey of

Anarchy in the Academy, London, 2009.

7. N. J. Jun and S. Wahl (eds.), New Perspectives on Anarchism, Lanham, 2010.

If you want an anthology of anarchist writings I suggest you buy Graham’s three

volumes or Guerin or get a second-hand copy of Woodcock (I believe it is out of

print). And then there is Iain McKay’s An Aarchist FAQ( Volume One), AK

Press is, 2008. This a very useful dictionary of anarchism (one of a kind).

For the broader Utopian Tradition see

L. Davis and R. Kinna (eds.), Anarchism and Utopianism, Manchester University

Press, 2009 and :

1. R. Amster, ‘Chasing Rainbows: Utopian Pragmatics and the Search for

Anarchist Communities’, Anarchist Studies, 9, 1, 2001, pp. 29-52.

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 2. M. L. Berneri, Journey Through Utopia, Freedom Press, 1982.

3. G. Claeys (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature,

Cambridge, 2010.

4. G. Claeys, Searching for Utopia. The History of an Idea, London, 2011.

5. R. Creagh, ‘Nineteenth Century American Utopias’, Anarchist Studies, 6, 1,

1998, pp. 72-75.

6. B. Goodwin and K. Taylor, The Politics of Utopia: A Study in Theory and

Practice, London, 1982.

7. D. Hardy, Alternative Communities in Nineteenth Century England, London,

1979.

8. R. Kinna, ‘Roads to Utopia’, Anarchist Studies, 8, 1, 2000, pp. 53-55.

9. K. Kumar, Utopia and Anti-Utopia in Modern Times, London, 1987.

10. F. E. Manual and R. P. Manual, Utopian Thought in the Western World, New

York, 1979.

11. L. Mumford, The Story of Utopia, London, 1922.

12. W. Morris, News from Nowhere, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

13. L. T. Sargent, Utopianism. A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, 2010.

14. E. O. Wright, Envisioning Real Utopias, London, 2010.

Websites

There are some extremely useful websites. Ronald Creagh has created a multi-lingual

site called R.A Forum (Research on Anarchism). It takes a while to get the hang of it

but just google RA Forum (Research on Anarchism) (www.raforum.info etc) and then

go to the site map. There you will found a wide variety of approaches to academic

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references (ideology, biography, history, philosophy, current events etc. by country

and theme). Pitzer College also has a very good website:

www.dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives. You can download texts by

Chomsky, Goldman, Kropotkin, Malatesta and Reclus. Then there is the Kate

Sharpley Library for anarchist history and research: www.katesharpleylibrary.net.

You should also check the website of the International Institute of Social History in

Amsterdam, which has a tremendous archive (built around the former personal

archive of the ‘Herodotus of anarchism’ (Max Nettlau)) and the IISH’s journal,

International Journal of Social History. Google IISH, International Institute of Social

History and International Journal of Social History. The other site to visit is the

anarchist studies network sponsored by the Anarchist Studies Group of the Political

Studies Association (the professional association of those who teach politics in the

UK, who my follow Yanks call ‘political scientists’. asn@lists_anarchist

studies_network.org.uk. Ask to join up and you will be connected to a lively

discussion group.

Three journals are essential: Anarchist Studies, Social Anarchism, and Anarchy: A

Journal Desire Armed (google them).

The website of Freedom Press and the Freedom Bookshop is also very useful. The

journal Freedom was founded in London by Kropotkin in 1886. It is still publishing.

For an East End tour and a wonderful sense of history, a visit to the bookshop is

worthwhile (which is very well stocked): 84b Whitechapel High Street, London EC

7QX. It’s down Angel Alley and there is a lovely mural on the side of the wall.

Seminars:

Topics will be the theme questions and other issues discussed by the groups.

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Essay questions are the theme questions posed in each session as listed below.

1 and 2. Introduction: The Origins of the Ideology of Anarchism: The Historical

Context

To what extent is anarchism a product of the European Age of Ideologies, the rise of

the modern nation-state and the emergence of industrialism?

During these two weeks you should read one of the introductory texts such as Ward,

2004(pp. 1-13); Marshall, 1993 (pp. 1-142), Woodcock (many editions), chapter 2

(‘The Family Tree’); Joll (1979), pp. 3-44; Kinna, 2005, pp. 1-43.

I briefly discuss the relationship between anarchism as ideology and anti-statist

traditions before 1800 and throughout the world in C. Levy, ‘Anarchism,

Internationalism and Nationalism in Europe, 1860-1939’, Australian Journal of

Politics and History, Vol. 50, No.3, 2004, pp. 330-342 (Access via my pages

on Dept. of Politics website) , ‘Anarchism’, Encarta, 2007, ‘Social Histories of

Anarchism’, Journal for the Study of Radicalism, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2010, pp. 11-44

(Access via my pages on Dept. of Politics website and ‘Anarchism and

Cosmopolitanism’, Journal of Political Ideologies, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2011. Pp. 265-278

(Access to article via my page on Dept. of Politics, website). Patricia Crone’s article

on Muslim anarchism is a very good example of an attempt to place the 19 th concept

of anarchism within early Islamic society, see, Patricia Crone, ‘Ninth-Century Muslim

Anarchists’, Past and Present, no.169, May 2000, pp. 3-28. This article for pre-1800

examples of anarchism outside of Europe (also see H. Barclay, ‘Islam, Muslim

Societies and Anarchy’, Anarchist Studies, 10. 2, 2003, pp. 105-118. And in this vein

you might also read for the Chinese case: J.A.Rapp, ‘Daoism and Anarchism

Reconsidered’, Anarchist Studies, 6, 2, 1998, pp. 123-51 as well as Normam Cohn’s

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classic study of ‘anarchist’ and millenarian Christian groups in medieval Europe, N.

Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical

Anarchist in the Middle Ages’, London, 1993), but also see, H. Jürgen-Goertz, The

Anabaptists, London, 1996.. And for a contextual and textual analysis of the

relationship between anarchism and Christianity see, A. Christoyannopoulos (ed.),

Religious Anarchism: New Perspectives, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, 2009 and A.

Christoyannopoulos, Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel,

Exeter, 2010. The Greek origins of the word ‘anarchy’ are discussed by Uri Gordon in

his research note found in Anarchist Studies, 14, 1, 2006, pp. 84-91. I think these are

interesting works but they raise the question of anachronism. In this respect Harold

Barclay’s study of situations where human societies have dispensed with government

and the State is a more fruitful way of approaching the problem of anarchism before

anarchism (H. Barclay, People without Government: An Anthropology of Anarchy,

London 2006 and his Culture and Anarchy, Freedom Press, 1997 and The State,

Freedom Press, 2003. And you might also read Brian Morris’s ‘Anthropology and

Anarchism’, Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed, 45, 1998.). Also see P. Clastres,

Society Against the State, Boston, 1989 and D. Graeber, Fragmeents of an Anarchist

Anthropology, Chicago, 2004 but most importantly, James Scott’s two works, Seeing

Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed,

New Haven, 1998 and J. C. Scott, The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist

History of Upland Southeast Asia, New Haven, 2009. The ideological and historical

context in which anarchism was constructed is discussed masterfully in George

Crowder’s, Classical Anarchism. The Political Thought of Godwin, Proudhon,

Bakunin and Kropotkin, Oxford, 1991(also see, D. Morland, Demanding the

Impossible. Human Nature and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Social Anarchism,

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London, 1997). And for a critique of Crowder see, R. Kinna, ‘The Anarchist Canon’,

Anarchist Studies 5, 1, 1997, pp. 67-71. Also see the very important contribution by

Paul McLaughlin, Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to

Classical Anarchism, Aldershot. 2007 and S. Clark, Living without Domination,

Aldershot, 2007. For the political culture of anarchism see, S. Gemie, ‘Counter-

community: an aspect of anarchist political culture’, Journal of Contemporary

History, 29, 1994, pp. 349-367 and S. Gemie, ‘Historians, Anarchism and Political

Culture’, Anarchism Studies, 6, 2, 1998, pp. 153-159. And for the relationship of

anarchism to the legacies of the French Revolution see: C. Alexander McKindley,

Illegitimate Children of the Enlightenment. Anarchists and the French Revolution,

1880-1914, Peter Lang, 2008. And for the relationship between the pirate republics of

the Spanish Main and anarchism, see the intriguing, C. Land, ‘Flying the Black Flag:

Revolt, Revolution, and the Social Organisation of Piracy in the ‘Golden Age’’,

Management & Organisational History, 2, 2, 2007, pp. 169-1992 and more jaundiced

view of the libertarian potential of pirates is found in G. Kuhn, Life under the Jolly

Roger. Reflections on the Golden Age of Piracy, Oakland, 2010.

3. Godwin and Stirner

1. What were the connections between William Godwin’s political philosophy and

English radicalism?

2. In what ways did Stirner affect the histories of anarchism and Marxism?

Core Reading: Marshall, Chapter 15, ‘William Godwin: The Lover of Order’, or

Woodcock, Chapter 3, ‘The Man of Reason’.

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And, Marshall, Chapter 16,’Max Stirner: The Conscious Egotist’, and Woodcock,

Chapter 4, ‘The Egoist’ or S. Newman (ed.), Max Stirner, Basingstoke, 2011.

Other Readings

Godwin and the British background:

1. L. Call, ‘Locke and Anarchism: The Issue of Consent’, Anarchist Studies, 6, 1,

1998, pp. 3-20.

2. S. Clark, ‘Anarchism and the Myth of the Primitive in Godwin and

Kropoktin’, Studies in Social and Political Thought, 15, 2008, pp. 6- 25.

3. J.P. Clarke, The Philosophical Anarchism of William Godwin, 1980.

4. J.P. Clarke, ‘The Other Godwin’, Anarchist Studies, 12, 2, 2004, pp. 174-180’.

5. D. Goodway, ‘Muggletonian Marxism’, Anarchist Studies, 6, 2, 1998, pp. 164-

168.

6. D. Locke, The Fantasy of Reason; the Life and Thought of William Godwin,

1980.

7. P. Marshall, William Godwin, Yale UP, 1984.

8. P. Marshall, William Blake: Visionary Anarchist, Freedom Press, 1986.

9. P. Nursey-Bray, ‘Autonomy and Community: William Godwin and the

Anarchist Project’, Anarchist Studies, 4, 2, 1996, p. 97-114.

10. M. Philp, Godwin’s Political Justice, London, 1986.

11. The Anarchist Writings of William Godwin, P. Marshall (ed.), Freedom Press,

1986.

12. The Political Writings of William Godwin, London 1993

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 13. William Godwin, Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on

Modern Morals and Happiness (I. Kramnick(ed.)), Penguin, 1976.

14. R. Schäffner, ‘Political Philosophy in Mary Shelley’s Early Novels: A

Reassessment’, Anarchist Studies, 10, 1, 2002, pp. 422-440.

15. E. P. Thompson, Witness against the Beast: William Blake and the Moral

Law, Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Stirner:

1. J. Carroll, Max Stirner: The Ego and His Own, London, 1971.

2. J. Carroll, Break-Out from the Crystal Palace: The Anarcho-Psychological

Critique: Stirner, Nietzsche, Dostoyevsky, London, 1974.

3. A. W. Koch, ‘Max Stirner: The Last Hegelian or the First Poststructuralist?’,

Anarchist Studies, 5, 2, 1997, pp. 95-107.

4. L. Labadie, Proudhon and Marx Stirner, 1979.

5. S. Newman, ‘Spectres of Stirner: A Contemporary Critique of Ideology’,

Journal of Political Ideologies, 6, 3, 2001, pp. 309-330.

6. S. Newman, ‘War on the State: Stirner’s and Deleuze’s Anarchism’, Anarchist

Studies, 9, 2, 2001, pp. 147-164.

7. S. Newman, ‘Max Stirner and the Politics of Posthumanism’, Contemporary

Political Theory, June 2002, 2,2, pp. 221-238.

8. R. W.K. Paterson, The Nihilistic Anarchist, Aldershot, 1993.

9. Max Stirner, The Ego and its Own, (ed. David Leopold), CUP, 1995.

10. J. Ward, ‘’A Mighty, Reckless, Shameless, Conscienceless, Proud-Crime: Re-

evaluating the Criminal in Max Stirner’s The Ego and its Own’, Anarchist

Studies, 12, 2, 2004, pp. 162-173.

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4. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

1. Was Proudhon a man of paradox?

2. In what ways did Proudhon anticipate anarcho-syndicalism?

Core: Reading: Marshall, Chapter 17 (‘Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: The Philosopher

of Poverty’) or Woodcock, Chapter, 5 (‘The Man of Paradox’) or Joll, Chap 3,

‘Reason and Revolution: Proudhon’).

Other Reading:

1. S. Edwards (ed.), Selected Writings of P- J. Proudhon, 1970.

2. A. W. Forbes, ‘” Let’s Add the Stomach”: Satire, Absurdity, and the July

Monarch Politics in Proudhon’s What is Property?’ , French Historical

Studies, 24, 4, 2001, pp. 679-705.

3. R. L. Hoffman, Revolutionary Justice: Social and Political Theory of P. J.

Proudhon, Cambridge University Press, 1972.

4. I. McKay (ed.), Property is Theft!. A Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Anthology,

Edinburgh, 2011.

5. A. Nemathollahy, ‘Proudhon, aesthetics to politics’, Anarchist Studies, 13, 1,

2005, pp. 47-60.

6. A. Prichard, ‘Justice, Order and Anarchy: The International Political Theory

of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865)’, Millennium: Journal of International

Studies, 35, 2, 2007, pp. 623-645.

7. A. Ritter, The Political Theory of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Cambridge

University Press, 1969.

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8. K. Vincent, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and the Rise of French Revolutionary

Syndicalism, 1984.

9. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, The General Idea of Revolution in the 19th Century

(Robert Graham(ed.)), Pluto, 1989.

10. P. J.Proudhon, Principle of Federation, 1979.

11. Proudhon: What is Property? (D. R. Kelley and B.Smith (ed.)), CUP, 1994.

5. Bakunin

1. A great thinker or a man of action? How did Bakunin shape anarchism in the

19th century?

2. Misunderstood ideological friends or deadly opponents? Assess the Bakunin/

Marx relationship.

Core Reading: Marshall, Chap 18 (‘The Fanatic of Freedom’) or Woodcock

Chap 6 (‘The Destructive Urge’) or Joll Chap 4 (‘Bakunin and the great schism’)

Other Reading:

1. P. Avrich, The Russian Anarchists Princeton UP, 1967.

2. P. Avrich, ‘The Legacy of Bakunin’, The Russian Review, 1970, pp. 129-142.

3. P. Avrich, Anarchist Portraits, Princeton UP, 1988 (see the various chapters

on Bakunin).

4. Bakunin on Anarchy (S. Dolgoff (ed).), New York, 1971.

5. M. Bakunin, God and the State, 1970.

6. Michael Bakunin: Selected Writings, (Arthur Lehning (ed.)), London, 1973.

7. Bakunin, Statism and Anarchy,( M. Shatz (ed.)), CUP, 1990.

8. Isaiah Berlin, Russian Thinkers, New York, 1978, pp. 82-113.

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9. E. H. Carr, Michael Bakunin, New York, 1975.

10. S. Cipko, ‘Mikael Bakunin and the National Question’, The Raven, Anarchist

Quarterly, 3, .1, 1990, also google RA fourm.

11. J. F. Godwin, ‘Russian Anarchism and the Bolshevization of Bakunin in the

Early Soviet Period’. Kritika, Exploration in Russian & Eurasian Hisotry, 8,3,

2007, pp. 533-560.

12. A. Gouldner,’ Marx’s Last Battle: Bakunin and the First International’, Theory

and Society, November, 1982, pp. 853-885.

13. Aileen Kelly, Mikhail Bakunin: A Study of in the Psychology and Politics of

Utopianism, Oxford, 1982..

14. A. Lehning, Michael Bakunin: Selected Writings, London, 1973.

15. M. Leier, Bakunin: The Creative Passion, New York, 2006 (Latest and highly

praised biography.)

16. C. McDonald, ‘The Revolutionary Underclass of Bakunin and Marcuse’,

Anarchist Studies, 5, 1, 1997, pp. 45-58.

17. P. McLaughlin, Mikhael Bakunin: the philosophical basis of his anarchism,

New York, 2002.

18. K. Marx, ‘Conspectus of Bakunin’s Statism and Anarchy, in D. Fernbach

(ed.), Karl Marx: The First International and After, London, 1974, pp. 333-

338.

19. G. D. Maximoff (ed.), Political Philosophy of Bakunin, New York, 1964.

20. B. Morris, Bakunin: The Philosophy of Freedom, Montreal, 1993.

21. T. Ravindranathan, Bakunin and the Italians, Montreal, 1989.

22. R.B. Saltman, The Social and Political Thought of Michael Bakunin,

Westport, Conn, 1983.

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23. M.S. Shatz, ‘Michael Bakunin and his Biographers: The Question of

Bakunin’s Sexual Impotence, in Ezra Mendelsohn and Marshall S. Shatz

(eds.), Imperial Ruissia, 1700-1917: State, Society and Opposition. Essays in

Honor of Marc Raeff, De Klab, Ill, 1988.

24. Paul Thomas, Karl Marx and the Anarchists, London, 1980.

6. Kropotkin

1. How did science affect the anarchism of Kropotkin?

2. What role did Kropotkin play in developing anarcho-communism?

Core Reading: Marshall, Chap. 19, ‘The Revolutionary Evolutionist’ or Joll,

ChapVI, ‘Saints and Rebels or Woodcock, Chap 7, ‘The Explorer’ .

Other Reading:

1. H. Becker, ‘Kropotkin as Historian of the French Revolution’, The Raven.

Anarchist Quarterly, 2,3, 1989, pp. 225-231.

2. C. Cahm, Kropotkin and the Rise of Revolutionary Anarchism, 1872-1886,

CUP. 1989.

3. E. Capouya and K. Tomkins (eds.), Essential Kropotkin, New York, 1976.

4. J. P. Clark and C. Martin (eds.), Anarchy, Geography, Modernity The Radical

Social Thought of Elisée Reclus, Lanham MD, 2004.

5. H. Cleaver, ‘Kropotkin, Self-Valorization and the Crisis of Marxism’,

Anarchist Studies, 2, 2, 1994, pp. 119-35.

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6. S. Huston, ‘Kropotkin and Spatial Social Theory: Unfolding an Anarchist

Contribution’, Anarchist Studies, 5, 3, 1997, pp. 109-130.

7. R. Kinna, ‘Kropotkin’s Theory of Mutual Aid in Historical Context’,

International Review of Social History, 40, 2, 1995.

8. R. Kinna, ‘Fields of Vision: Kropotkin and Revolutionary Change’,

SubStance, 36, 2, 2007, pp.67-86.

9. Kropotkin: The Conquest of Bread and Other Writings (M. Shatz, ed.), CUP,

1995.

10. Kropotkin’s Revolutionary Pamphlets (R. N. Baldwin (ed.)), London, 1970P.

Kropotkin, Act for Yourselves: Articles from Freedom 1886-1907 (N. Walter

and H. Becker (eds.)), Freedom Press, 1986.

11. P. Kropotkin, Anarchism, Dover, 2003.

12. P. Kropotkin, The Conquest of Bread and other Writings, Cambridge

University Press, 1995.

13. P. Kropoktin, Ethics: Origins and Development, Montreal, 1992.

14. P. Kropotkin, Fields, Factories and Workshops, Montreal, 1991.

15. P. Kropotkin, Fugitive Writings, Montreal, 1993

16. P. Kropotkin, In Russian and French Prisons, Montreal, 1991.

17. P. Kropotkin, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, Montreal, 1989.

18. P. Kropotkin, Mutual Aid: A Factor in Evolution, Dover, 2006.

19. P. Kropotkin, Words of a Rebel, Montreal, 1992.

20. M. A. Miller (ed.), Kropoktin: Selected Writings on Anarchism and

Revolution, MIT Press, 1970.

21. M. A. Miller, Kropotkin. University of Chicago Press, 1976.

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 22. B. Morris, ‘Kropotkin’s Metaphysics of Nature’, Anarchist Studies, 9, 2, 2001,

pp. 165-180.

23. B. Morris, Kropotkin. The Politics of Community, Amherst, N.Y., 2004.

24. B. Morris, The Anarchist-Geographer: An Introduction to the Life of Peter

Kropotkin, Minehead, 2007.

25. G. Woodcock and I. Avakumovic, The Anarchist Prince, New York, 1971.

7. Errico Malatesta and Emma Goldman

1. ‘Malatesta’s anarchism was a unique blend of voluntarism, socialism and

anarcho-communism. Discuss.

2. ‘The Lenin of Italy and the socialist Garibaldi.’ Assess the role of Malatesta in

the politics of Italy from the 1870s to the 1930s.

3. Assess the role of Emma Goldman in the development of anarcha-feminism

4. To what extent was Emma Goldman an elitist?

Core Reading: Marshall, chap 21, or ‘The Electrician of Revolution’ or V. Richards,

Errico Malatesta. His Life and Times, London, 1984 (introduction). or C. Levy,

‘Italian Anarchism 1870-1926’, in Goodway, For Anarchism, pp. 24-78 or C. Levy,

‘The Rooted Cosmopolitan: Errico Malatesta, Syndicalism, Transnationalism and the

International Labour Movement’, in D. Berry and C. Bantman (eds.), New

Perspectives on Anarchism, Labour and Syndicalism. The Individual, the National

and the Transnational, Newcastle- upon- Tyne, 2010, pp. 61-79 or C. Levy, ‘Errico

Malatesta and Charismatic Leadership’, in J-W Stutje (ed.), Charismatic Leadership

and Social Movements. The Revolutionary Power of Ordinary Men and Women, New

York/Oxford, 2012, pp. 84-100 or P. Nursey-Bray, ‘Malatesta and the Anarchist

Revolution’, Anarchist Studies, Vol. 3, No.1, 1995, pp. 25-44.

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Marshall, Chap 24, ‘Emma Goldman: The Most Dangerous Woman’ or J. Jose,

‘Nowhere at home’ not even in theory: Emma Goldman, anarchism and political

theory’, Anarchist Studies, 13, 1, 2005 or L. J. Marso, ‘A Feminist in search of love:

Emma Goldman and the politics of marriage, love sexuality and the femine’, Feminist

Theory, 3, 4, 2003, pp. 205-320 or C. Falk, ‘Emma Goldman, power politics and the

theatrics of free expression’, Women’s History Review, 11, 1, 2002, pp. 11-26 or D.

Herzog, ‘Romantic anarchism and pedestrian liberalism’, Political Theory, 35, 3,

2007, 313-333 or K. Morgan, ‘Herald of the Future? Emma Goldman, Friedrich

Nierzsche and the Anarchist Superman’, Anarchist Studies, 17, 2, 2009, pp. 55- 80.

And you must read ‘Red Emma’s’ memoirs: wonderful (E. Goldman, Living My Life,

Penguin, 2006).

Other Reading: (Malatesta)

1. C. Levy, ‘Malatesta in London: The Era of Dynamite’, in L. Sponza and A.

Tosi (eds.), A Century of Italian Emigration to Britain 1880s to 1980s, The

Italianist, Vol. 13, 1993, pp. 25-42.

2. C. Levy, ‘Charisma and Social Movements: Errico Malatesta and Italian

Anarchism’, Modern Italy, 3, 2, 1998, pp. 205-217.

3. E. Malatesta, Anarchy (ed. Vernon Richards), London, 1995

4. E. Malatesta, At the Café: Conversations on Anarchism, London, 2005.

5. E. Malatesta, The Anarchist Revolution: Polemical Articles, 1924-1931,

London, 1995.

6. V. Richards, ‘Some Notes on Malatesta and Bakunin’, The Raven, 1, 1, 1987,

pp. 38-45.

Other Reading (Emma Goldman)

18
1. Emma Goldman: A Documentary History of the American Years, Volume One:

Made in America, 1890-1901, Berkeley, 2003 and Volume 2, Making Free

Speech, 1902-1909, Berkeley, 2003.

2. R. Drinnon, Rebel in Paradise: A Biography of Emma Goldman, Chicago UP,

1982.

3. L. Susan Brown, The Politics of Individualism: liberalism, liberal feminism

and anarchism, Montreal, 1993.

4. C. S. Falk, Love, Anarchy and Emma Goldman, Rutgers UP, 1990.

5. D. Farmer, ‘Emma Goldman: a Voice for Women?’, The Raven. Anarchist

Quarterly, 6, 3, 1993, pp. 257-83.

6. O. Frankel, ‘Whatever happened to “Red Emma”? Emma Goldman, from

Alien Rebel to American Icon’, The Journal of American History, December,

1996, pp. 257-283.

7. K. E. Ferguson, Emma Goldman: Political Thinking in the Streets, Lanham,

2011.

8. S. Gemie, ‘Anarchism and Feminism: a Historical Survey’ Women’s History

Review, 5, 3, 1996, pp. 417-444.

9. V. Gornick, Emma Goldman. Revolution as a Way of Life, New Haven, 2011.

10. B. Halund, Emma Goldman: sexuality and the impurity of the state, Montreal,

1993.

11. C. Hawkins, ‘Assassination, Self-Expression and Social Change: Emma

Goldman and Political Violence’, Anarchist Studies, 13 ,2, 2005, pp. 147-168.

12. R. W. Kern, ‘Anarchist Principles and Spanish Reality: Emma Goldman as a

Participant in the Spanish Civil War1936-39’, Journal of Contemporary

History, 11, 2/3.

19
 13. T. Kissack, Free Comrades. Anarchism and Homosexuality in the United

States, 1895-1917, Edinburgh, 2008.

14. M. S. Marsh, Anarchist Women: 1870-1920, Temple University Press, 1981.

15. M. J. Morton, Emma Goldman and the American Left. Nowhere at Home,

New York, 1992.

16. Nowhere at Home: Letters from Exile for Emma Goldman and Alexander

Berkman, New York, 1975.

17. V. Plumwood, ‘Feminism, privacy and radical democracy’, Anarchist Studies,

3, 1995, pp. 97-120.

18. A.K. Shulman(ed.), Red Emma Speaks, New York, 1998.

19. A. Wexler, Emma Goldman in America, Boston, 1984.

20. A. Wexler, Emma Goldman in Exile: From the Russian Revolution to the

Spanish Civil War, Boston, 1989.

8. History: 1860s-1930s: Overview – Themes and Tendencies

The lecture and next week’s will be devoted to the history of the ‘classical anarchist’

movement. Thus we return to the opening remarks of the first two weeks. In this

week’s lecture I will cover the key events in the development of anarchism:

1. The anarchists and the First International.

2. The anarchists and the Second International.

3. Anarchism and Syndicalism

4. The anarchists and the rise of Communism.

Discussions concerning terrorism and anarchism, art and anarchism, and education

and anarchism, and anarchism and imperialism will be advanced. Next week I will

examine in depth a comparative case study of the Spanish and Italy anarchist

20
 movements. I will give an extensive bibliography from which, you may also

develop an essay for the course requirement. Therefore there will be several more

questions posed here then has been the case previously.

1. How far did the anarchists control the First International?

2. ‘Anarchism was marginalised by the rise of electoral socialism’. Discuss.

3. To what extent did anarchism become a global movement in the period 1880

to 1914?

4. Was terrorism an intrinsic part of antebellum (pre-1914) anarchism?

5. ‘Did syndicalism provided anarchism with a new lease on life?’

6. How did anarchism inspire art or education in late nineteenth and early

twentieth centuries?

7. To what extent did the anarchists fall prey to nationalist or militarist

tendencies before 1914?

8. In what ways did anarchists partake in the origins of communism and the

Third International?

Core Reading: Marshall, Part Five or Joll, Part Three or Woodcock Part Two or

Levy, 2004 and R. Darlington, ‘Syndicalism and the Influence of Anarchism in

France, Italy and Spain’, Anarchist Studies, 17, 2, 2009, pp. 29-54. If you are

interested in anarchism and the Global South, then you should purchase, M. Schmidt

and L. van der Walt, Black Flame. The Revolutionary Politics of Anarchism and

Syndicalism, Counter-Power. Volume One, Edinburgh, 2009: see Part 3.

Other Reading:

The First, Second International and Third Internationals and the Anarchists

1864-1939 (National case studies are listed here, except Italy and Spain which are

in the next lecture):

21
1. C. R. Anderson, All-American Anarchist: Joseph A. Labadie and the Labor

Movement, Wayne State University Press, 1998.

2. P. Archinov, History of the Makhnovist Movement, London, 1974.

3. P. Avrich, The Russian Anarchists, Princeton UP, 1967.

4. P. Avrich, Kronstadt 1921, Princeton UP, 1970.

5. P. Avrich, The Anarchists in the Russian Revolution, Princeton UP, 1973

(documents).

6. P. Avrich, An American Anarchist: The Life of Voltarine de Cleyre, Princeton

UP, 1978.

7. P. Avrich, The Modern School Movement: Anarchism and Education in the

US, Princeton UP, 1980.

8. P. Avrich, The Haymarket Tragedy, Princeton UP, 1984.

9. P. Avrich, Sacco and Vanzetti: The American Background, Princeton UP,

1991.

10. P. Avrich, Anarchist Voices, Princeton UP, 1995 (magnificent oral history of

American anarchism).

11. C. Bantman, ‘Internationalism without an International? Cross Channel

Anarchist Networks, 1880-1914’, Revue Belge de Philologie D’Histoire, 84, 4,

2006, pp. 961-982.

12. H. Becker, ‘Notes on Freedom and the Freedom Press’, The Raven, 1,1, 1987,

pp. 4-24.

13. H. Becker, ‘Johann Neve (1844-1896)’, The Raven. Anarchist Quarterly, 1, 2,

1987, pp. 99-114.

14. S. Berger and A. Smith (eds.), Nationalism, Labour and Ethnicity 1870-1939,

Manchester UP.

22
15. A. Berkman, Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist, New York, 1970.

16. D. Berry, ‘Fascism or Revolution: Anarchism and Antifascism in France,

1933-39’, Contemporary European History, 8, 1, 1999, pp. 51-71.

17. D. Berry, A History of the French Anarchist Movement, 1917-1945, Wesport,

Conn, 2002.

18. M. Bevir, ‘The Rise of Ethical Anarchism in Britain, 1885-1900’, Historical

Research: Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 69, 169, 1996, pp.

143-165.

19. A. Bozóki and M, Sükösd, Anarchism in Hungary: Theory, History, Legacies,

Boulder, 2006.

20. F. Brooks, The Individualist Anarchists: An Anthology of Liberty, New

Brunswick, N. J., 1994.

21. F. Brooks, ‘American Individualist Anarchism: What it Was and Why it

Failed’, Journal of Political Ideologies, 1, 1, 1996.

22. G. D. H. Cole, History of Socialism, Marxism and Anarchism, 1969.

23. C. Cahm, Kropotkin and the Rise of Revolutionary Anarchism, 1872-86,

Cambridge UP, 1989.

24. E. Cahm and V. C. Fišera (eds.), Socialism and Nationalism, Nottingham,

1978-1980, Volumes 1, 2.

25. A. Carlson, Anarchism in Germany, Methuchen, N.J., 1972.

26. J.P. Clark and C. Martin (eds.), Anarchy, Geography, Modernity: The radical

social thought of Elisée Relcus, Lanham, Maryland, 2004.

27. R. Chalinor, The Origins of British Bolshevism, London, 1977.

23
28. S. Cipko, ‘Nestor Makhno: A Mini-Historiography of the Anarchist

Revolution in Ukraine, 1917-1921’, The Raven, Anarchist Quarterly, 4,1,

1991, pp. 57-75.

29. G. Eley, Forging Democracy. The History of the Left in the Twentieth

Century, 1850-2000, Oxford, 2000.

30. G. Fellner (ed.), Life of an Anarchist: The Alexander Berkman Reader, New

York, 1992.

31. W. Fishman, East End Jewish Radicals, 1975- 1914, London, 1975.

32. M. Fleming, The Anarchist Way to Socialism: Elisée Reclus and Nineteenth-

Century European Anarchism, London, 1979.

33. M. Forman, Nationalism and the International Labor Movement. The Idea of

the Nation in Socialist and Anarchist Theory, Penn State UP, 1998.

34. G. Frost, ‘’Love is Always Free’. Anarchism, free unions, and utopianism in

Edwardian England’, Anarchist Studies, 17, 1, 2009, pp. 73-94.

35. I. Gleason, Young Russia, University of Chicago Press, 1980.

36. D. Goodway, ‘Muggletonian Marxism’, Anarchist Studies, 6, 2, 1998, pp. 164-

168 (on E.P. Thompson and anarchism).

37. T. Goyens, Beer and Revolution: The German Anarchist Movement in New

York City, 1880-1914, University of Illinois, 2007.

38. M. Graur, An Anarchist “Rabbi”; the Life and Teachings of Rudolf Rocker,

New York, 1997.

39. J. Green, Death in the Haymarket, New York 2006.

40. D. Hardy, Alternative Communities in Nineteenth Century England, London,

1979.

41. J. Hinton, The First Shop Stewards’ Movement, London, 1973.

24
42. J. Horrox, Living Revolution. Anarchism in the Kibbutz Movement,

Edinburgh, 2009.

43. J. Hulse, Revolutionists in London: a study of five unorthodox socialists,

London, 1970.

44. J, Joll, The Second International, London, 1974.

45. R. Knowles, Political Economy from Below. Economic Thought in

Communitarian Anarchism, 1840-1914, London, 2004.

46. G. Landauer, Revolution and Other Writings. A Political Reader, Pontypool.

2010.

47. C. Levy, ‘Max Weber, Anarchism and Libertarian Culture: Personality and

Power Politics’ in S. Whimster (ed.), Max Weber and the Culture of Anarchy,

Basingstoke, 1999, pp. 83-109.

48. A. Lindeman, The ‘Red’ Years, University of California Press, 1972.

49. M. Löwy, Redemption and Utopia. Jewish Libertarian Thought in Central

Europe, London, 1992.

50. E. Lunn, Prophet of Community: The Romantic Socialism of Gustav

Landauer, University of California, 1970.

51. M. Malet, Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War, Basingstoke, 1982.

52. N. Makhno, The Struggle against the State ad Other Essays, AK Press, 1996.

53. J. J. Martin, Men against the State, Colorado Springs, 1970 (On American

individualists anarchists).

54. C. B Maurer, Call to Revolution: the Mystical Anarchism of Gustav Landauer,

New York, 1971.

55. A Mitchell, Revolution in Bavaria, 1918-19: Kurt Eisner and the Bavarian

Soviet Republic. Princeton University Press, 1965.

25
56. D. Morland, Demanding the Impossible: Human Nature and Politics in

Nineteenth-Century Social Anarchism, London , 1997.

57. B. Nelson, Beyond the Martyrs. A Social History of Chicago’s Anarchists

1870-1900, Rutgers UP, 1988.

58. H. Oliver, The International Anarchist Movement in Late Victotian London,

London , 1983.

59. M. Palij, The Anarchism of Nestor Makhno, 1918-1921. An Aspect of the

Ukrainian Revolution, University of Washington Press, 1976.

60. N. Pernicone, Italian Anarchism, 1864-1892, Princeton University Press,

1993.

61. D. Porter, ‘Massachusetts ‘Anarchy’ in the 1780s’, Anarchist Studies, 1, 2,

1993, pp. 95-110.

62. P. Pörtner, ‘The Writers’ Revolution: Munich 1918-1919’, Journal of

Contemporary History, Vol. 3, 1968, pp. 137-54.

63. V. Postnikov, ‘Russian Roots. From Populism to Radical Ecological Thought’,

Anarchist Studies, 12, 1, 2004, pp. 60-71.

64. A. Prichard, ‘Deepening Anarchism. International Relations and the Anarchist

Ideal’, Anarchist Studies, 18, 1, 2010, pp. pp. 29-57 ( Centring on the balance

of power in Europe and the anarchist position.).

65. J. Quail, The Slow Burning Fuse: The Lost Wold of the British Anarchists,

London, 1978.

66. M. van der Linden and J. Rojahn (eds.), The Formation of Labour Movements

1870-1914: An International Perspective. Vol. 1, Leiden, 1990.

67. W. O. Reichert, Partisans of Freedom: A Study in American Anarchism,

Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1976.

26
68. R. Rocker, The LondonYears, London, 1956.

69. D. Sassoon, One Hundred Years of Socialism: The West European Left in the

Twentieth Century, London, 1996.

70. E. M. Schuster, Native American Anarchism: A Study of Left-Wing American

Individualism, New York, 1970.

71. S.J. Shone, ‘Lysander Spooner’s Critique of the Social Contract’, Anarchist

Studies, 15, 2, 2007, pp. 157-178.

72. H. Shpayer-Makov, ‘Anarchism in British Public Opinion 1880-1914’,

Victorian Studies, 31, 4, 1988, pp. 487-516.

73. A. Skirda, Facing the Enemy: A History of Anarchist Organisation from

Proudhon to May 1968, Edinburgh, 2002.

74. A. Skirda, Nestor Makhno, Anarchy’s Cossack. The Struggle for Free Soviets

in the Ukraine 1917-1922, AK Press, 2004.

75. G. H. Smith (ed.), The Lysander Spooner Reader, San Francisco, 1992.

76. D. Stafford, From Anarchism to Reformism: A Study in the Political Activities

of Paul Brousse, 1870-90, London, 1971.

77. R. Tombs, The Paris Commune of 1871, London, 1999.

78. E. Thomas, Louise Michel, Montreal, 1980.

79. M. Thomas, Anarchist Ideas and Counter-Cultures in Britain, 1880-1914:

Revolutions in Everyday Life, Aldershot, 2005.

80. P. Thomas, Karl Marx and the Anarchists, London, 1980.

81. F. Trautmann, The Voice of Terror: A Biography of Johann Most. Westport

Conn, 1980.

27
 82. D. Turcato, ‘European Anarchism in the 1890s: Why Labor Matters in

Categorizing Anarchism’, Working USA: The Journal of Labor and Society,

12, 2009, pp. 451-466.

83. H. van den Berg, ‘”Free Love” in Imperial Germany: Anarchism and

Patriarchy 1870-1918’, Anarchist Studies, 4, 1, 1996, pp. 3-26.

84. K. S. Vincent, Between Marxism and Anarchism: Benoit Malon and French

Reformist Socialism, Berkeley, 1992.

85. Voline, The Unknown Revolution, London, 1972 (eyewitness account of

Nestor Makhno and Ukrainian anarchists in the Russian Civil War.).

86. N. Walter, ‘Alexander Berkman’s Russian Diary’, The Raven, 1, 3, 1987, pp.

280-288.

87. N. Walter (ed.), Charlotte Wilson: Anarchist Essays, Freedom Press, 2000.

88. K. Zimmer, ‘Premature Anti-Communists? American Anarchism, the Russian

Revolution , and Left-Wing Libertarian Anti-Communism, 1917-1939’,

Labour: Studies in Working-Class History pf the Americas, 6, 2, 2009, pp.45-

71.

Anarchism and the Global South (start with these: L. van der Walt and M.

Schmidt, Black Flame. The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and

Syndicalism. Vol. 1, Edinburgh, 2009 and S. Hirsch and L van der Walt (eds.),

Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1880-1940,

Leiden, 2011.

1. J. Adams, Non-Western Anarchisms: Rethinking the Global Context, google RA

forum.

28
2. W.S Albro, Always a Rebel: Ricardo Flores Magon and the Mexican

Revolution, Texas A&M University Press, 1992.

3. B. Anderson, Under Three Flags: Anarchism and tbe Anti-Colonial

Imagination, Verso, 2005.

4. P. Avrich, Anarchist Portraits, (chapters on Brazil and Mexico).

5. J. Bekken, ‘The First Anarchist Daily Newspaper: The Chicagoer Arbeiter-

Zeitung’, Aanarchist Studies,3, 1995, pp. 3-23.

6. F. Bender, ‘Taoism and Western Anarchism’, Journal of Chinese Philosophy,

10, 1983, pp. 27-47.

6. J. C. Clark, ‘On Taoism and Politics’, Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 10,

1983, pp. 65-88.

7. J. Crump, The Origins of Socialist Thought in Japan, London, 1982.

J. Crump, Hatta Shuzo and Pure Anarchism in Interwar Japan, Basingstoke,

1993.

8. J. Crump, ‘Anarchism and Chinese Political Culture’, Anarchist Studies, 2, 1,

1994, pp. 72-74.

9. J. Crump, ‘Anarchism and Nationalism in East Asia’, Anarchist Studies, 4, 1,

1995, pp. 45-64.

8. A. Dirlik, ‘The Path not Taken: The Anarchist Alternative in Chinese Socialism

(1921-1927)’, International Review of Social History, 34, 1, 1989, pp. 1-41.

10. A. Dirlik, Anarchism in the Chinese Revolution, Berkeley, 1991.

11. ‘Dimensions of Chinese Anarchism: An Interview with Arif Dirlik’,

Perspectives on Anarchist Theory, Vol. 1, No.2, 1997.

12. J. W.F. Dulles, Anarchists and Communists in Brazil, 1900-1945, Austin,

1973.

29
13. F. Fernandez, Cuban Anarchism: The History of a Movement, Tucson,

Arizona, 2001.

14. R.F. Galitelli and R. Mach, Argentina: From Anarchism to Peronism.

Workers, Unions and Politics, 1855-1985, London, 1987.

15. A. Gorman, ‘Anarchists in Education: The Free Popular University of Egypt

(1906)’, Middle Eastern Studies, 41,3, 2005, pp. 303-320.

16. D. Hall, ‘ The Metaphysics of Anarchism’, Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 10,

1983, pp. 49-63.

17. J. A. Hart, Anarchism and the Mexican Working Class, 1889-1931, Austin,

1978.

18. D. C. Hodges, Mexican Anarchism after the Revolution, University of Texas,

1995.

19. I. Khuri-Makdisi, The Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global

Radicalism, 1860-1914, Berkeley, 2010.

20. S. Mbah and I. E. Igariwey, African Anarchism: The History of a Movement,

Tucson, Arizona, 1997.

21. C.M. MacLachlan, Anarchism and the Mexican Revolution: The Political

Trials of Ricardo Flores Magon in the United States, University of California

Press, 1991.

22. V.V. Magagna, Communities of Grain. Rural Rebellions in Comparative

Perspective, Cornell University Press, 1991.

23. J. Moya, ‘The Positive Side of a Stereotype: Jewish Anarchists in Early

Twentieth-Century Buenos Aires’, Jewish History, 1, 2004, pp. 19-48.

24. R. Munck, From Anarchism to Peronism: Workers, Union and Politics, 1855-

1985, London, 1987.

30
 25. G. Ostergaard and M. Currell, The Gentle Anarchists, Oxford, 1971. (On

Indian anarchism).

26. G. Ostergaard, ‘Indian anarchism: the curious case of Vinoba Bhave, anarchist

‘Saint of Government’, in, D. Goodway, For Anarchism, 1989, pp. 201-216.

27. J. A. Rapp, ‘Maoism, and Anarchism: Mao Zedong’s Response to the

Anarchist Critique of Marxism’, Anarchist Studies, 9, 1, 2001, pp. 3-28.

28. J.A. Sandos, Rebellion in the Borderlands. Anarchism and the Plan of San

Diego, 1904-1923, University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.

29. R. Scalapino and G. T. Yu, The Chinese Anarchist Movement, Berkeley

30. K. R. Shaffer, Anarchism and Countercultural Politics in Early Twentieth

Cuba, University Press of Florida, 2005 .

31. K. R. Shaffer, ‘Havana hub; Cuban anarchism, radical media and the trans-

Caribbean anarchist network, 1902-1915’ , Caribbean Studies, 37 ,2, 20009,

pp. 45-81.

32. T. A. Stanley, Ōsugi Sakse: Anarchist in Taisho Japan, the Creativity of the

Ego, Harvard University Press, 1982.

33. J. Soriano, Paradoxes of Utopia. Anarchist Culture and Politics in Buenos

Aires 1890-1910, Edinburgh 2010.

34. L. Van Der Walt, ‘Towards a History of Anarchist Anti-Imperialism’, google

RA Forum.

35. P. Zarrow, Anarchism and Chinese Political Culture, Columbia University

Press, 1990.

Anarchism, Art, Education and Literature

1. ‘Anarchism and Science Fiction’, Anarchist Studies. 7, 2, 1999.

31
2. A. Antliff, Anarchist Modernism. Art. Politics and the First American Avant

Garde, University of Chicago Press, 2001.

3. A. Antliff, ‘Anarchy in Art’, 11, 1, 2003, pp. 66-83.

4. A. Antliff, Anarchy and Art: From the Paris Commune to the Fall of the

Berlin Wall, Vancouver, BC, 2007.

5. P. Avrich, The Modern School Movement, Princeton University Press, 1980

6. P. Avrich, The Modern School Movement, 1980.

7. C.P. Boyd,’The Anarchists and Education in Spain, 1868-1909’, Journal of

Modern History, 48, 4, supplement, 1976, pp. 125-170..

8. H. Becker, ‘Notes on Freedom and Freedom Press, 186-1928’, The Raven.

Anarchist Quarterly, 1, 1, 1987, pp. 1-24.

9. G. Berghaus, Futurism and Politics: Between Anarchist Rebellion and Fascist

Reaction, Providence, Rhode Island, 1996.

10. T. Brown (ed.), Edward Carpenter and Late Victorian Radicalism, London,

1990.

11. R. Carr, Anarchism in France: The Case of Octave Mirbeau, Manchester

University Press, 1977.

12. A. Christoyannopoulos, ‘Leo Tolstoy and the State: A Detailed Picture of

Tolstoy’s Denunciation of State Violence and Deception’, Anarchist Studies,

16, 1, 2008, 20-47.

13. A. Christoyannopoulos, ‘‘Bethink Yourselves or You Will Perish’. Leo

Tolstoy’s Voice a Centenary After His Death, Anarchist Studies, 18, 1, 2010,

pp. 11-28.

32
14. G. S. Close, ‘Literature and politics in early twentieth century Argentina: The

anarchist modernism of Roberto Arlt’, Anarchist Studies, 12 ,2 , 2004, pp.

124-146.

15. S. Gemie, ‘Mirbeau and Anarchism’, Anarchist Studies, 2,1, 1994, pp. 3-24.

16. S. Gemie, ‘Octave Mirbeau and the Changing Nature of Right-Wing Political

Culture: France, 1870-1914’, International Review of Social History, 43, 1998,

pp. 111-135.

17. D. Goodway (ed.), Herbert Read Revisited, University of Liverpool, 1994.

18. D. Goodway, Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow. Left-Libertarian Thought

and British Writers from William Morris to Colin Ward, University of

Liverpool Press, 2006.

19. M. Green, Otto Gross, Freudian Psychoanalyst, 1877-1920, Lewiston, 1999.

20. J. U. Halperin, Felix Fénéon: Aesthete and Anarchist in Fin-de-Siècle Paris,

Yale University Press, 1988.

21. C. V. Hamilton, ‘American writers, Modernism and the Representations of

the Sacco-Vanzetti Case’, Anarchist Studies, 12, 2, 2004, pp. 124-146.

22. C. Hamilton, ‘Henry Adams and Andrei Bely: The Explosive Mind’,

Anarchist Studies, 18, 1, 2010, pp. 58-84.

23. C. Harper, D. Gould and J. Cloves (eds.), Vision of Poesy: An Anthology of

Twentieth Century Anarchist Poetry, Freedom Press, 1994.

24. E.W, Herbert, The Artist and Social Reform: France and Belgium, 1885-1900,

New York, 1961.

25. T. Hopton, ‘Tolstoy, God and Anarchism’, Anarchist Studies, 8, 1, 2000, pp.

27-53.

33
26. T. Hopton, ‘Tolstoy, History and Non-Violence’, Anarchist Studies, 18, 2,

2010, pp. 29-57.

27. J. G. Hutton, Neo-Impressionism and the Search for Common Ground. Art,

Science and Anarchism in Fin-de-Siècle France, Louisiana State University

Press, 1994.

28. D. Kadlec, Mosaic Modernism: Anarchism, Pragmatism, Culture, Johns

Hopkins University Press, 2000.

29. R. Kinna, ‘William Morris and Anti-parliamentarianism’, History of Political

Thought, 15, 4, 1994, pp. 593-613.

30. R. Kinna, ‘William Morris: Art, Work and Leisure’, Journal of the History of

Ideas, 61, 3, 2000, pp. 493-512.

31. R.Kinna, William Morris and the Art of Socialism, Cardiff University Press,

2000.

32. R. Kinna, ‘The Relevance of Morris’s Utopia’, The European Legacy, 9, 6,

2004, pp. 739-750.

33. R. Kinna, ‘William Morris and the Problem of Englishness’, European

Journal of Political Theory, 5, 1, 2006, pp. 85-99.

34. O. Lang, Pa Chin and His Writings: Chinese Youth between Two Revolutions,

Cambridge , Mass, 1967.

35. P. Leighton, Re-Ordering the Universe. Picasso and Anarchism, Princeton

University Press, 1989.

36. C. Levy, ‘Max Weber’, 1999.

37. M. Löwy, Redemption and Utopia: Jewish Libertarian Thought in Central

Europe, London, 1992.

34
38. C. A. McKindley, ‘ Anarchists and the Music of the French Revolution’,

Journey for the Study of Radicalism, 1, 2, 2007, pp. 1-33.

39. J. E. Michaels, Anarchy and Eros: Otto Gross’s Impact on German

Expressionist Writers, New York, 1983.

40. A. Mitzman, ‘Anarchism, Expression and Psychoanalysis’, New German

Critique, 4, 1977.

41. C. B. Maurer, Call to Revolution: The Mystical Anarchism of Gustav

Landauer, Wayne State University Press,

42. J. Moore (ed.), I am not a Man I am Dynamite: Friedrich Neitzsche and the

Anarchist Tradition, New York, 2002.

43. S. Rowbotham, Edward Carpenter. A Life of Liberty and Love, London, 2008.

44. J. Rubin, Realism and Social Vision in Courbet and Proudhon, Princeton

University Press, 1980.

45. J. Shantz, Against all Authority. Anarchism and the Literary Imagination,

Exeter, 2011.

46. H. Shpayer-Makov. ‘ ‘A Traitor to his Class’: The Anarchist in British

Fiction’, Journal of European Studies, 26, 1996, pp. 299-315.

47. M. Smith, The Libertarians and Education, London, 1983.

48. R. D. Sonn, Anarchism and Cultural Politics in Fin-de-Siècle France,

University of Nebraska Press, 1989.

49. J. H. Spring, A Primer of Libertarian Education, Montreal, 1999.

50. D. Sweetman, Explosive Acts: Toulouse-Latrec, Oscar Wilde and Félix

Fénéon and the Art of Anarchy of the Fin de Siècle, New York, 1999.

51. C. Tsuzuki, Edward Carpenter 1844-1929: Prophet of Human Fellowship,

Cambridge University Press, 1980.

35
52. A. Varias, Paris and the Anarchists: Aesthetes and Subversives during the

Fin-de Siècle, Basingstoke, 1997.

53. D. Weir, Anarchy and Culture: The Aesthetic Politics of Modernism,

University of Mass., 1997.

54. S. Whimster (ed.), Max Weber and the Culture of Anarchy, Basingstoke, 1998.

55. P. Wilkin, ‘(Tory) Anarchy in the UK’, Anarchist Studies, Vol. 17, No. 1,

2009, pp. 48-72.

56. N. Wilson, Bernard-Lazare: Antisemitism and the Problem Jewish Identity in

Late-Nineteenth-Century France, CUP, 1978.

57. R. Wistrich, Revolutionary Jews from Marx to Tolstoy, London, 1976, (on

Bernard Lazare).

Anarchism and Syndicalism

1. C. Bantman, ‘The Militant Go-Between: Émile Pouget’s Transnational

Militant Transfers Transnational Propaganda (1880-1914)’, Labour History

Review, 74, 1, 2009, pp. 274-288.

2. L. Barrow and I. Bullock, Democratic Ideas in the British Labour Movement,

1880-1914, Cambridge University Press, 1996.

36
3. D. Berry and C. Bantman (eds.), New Perspectives on Anarchism, Labour and

Syndicalism: The Individual, the National and the Transnational, Newcastle-

Upon-Tyne, 2010, See Chapters One (overview of pre-1914 syndicalism),

Five (Spanish syndicalists and the Bolshevik Revolution), Chapter Six (the

1896 Congress of the Second International and syndicalism), Chapter Eight

(Polish anarchism and anarcho-syndicalism in the twentieth century) and

Chapter Ten (the role of community in syndicalism).

4. S. Bird, D. Geogarakis and D. Shaft, Solidarity Forever: Industrial Workers of

the World-Oral History of the Wobblies, Chicago, 1985.

5. M. Bookchin, ‘The Ghost of Anarcho-Syndicalism’, Anarchist Studies, 1, 1,

1993, pp. 3-24.

6. V. Burgmann, Revolutionary Industrial Unionism. The Industrial Workers of

the World in Australia, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

7. N. Caulfield, Wobblies and Mexican Workers in Mining and Petroleum ,1905-

1924, International Review of Social History, 40, 1, 1995.

8. R. Darlington, ‘Revolutionary Syndicalist Opposition to the First World War:

A Comparative Reassessment’, Revue Belge de Philologie et D’Histoire, 84,

4, 2006, pp. 983-1004.

9. R. Darlington, Syndicalism and the Transition to Communism. An

International Comparative Analysis, Aldershot, 2008.

10. M. Dubofsky, We Shall be All: A History of the Industrial Workers of the

World, University of Illinois Press, 1988.

11. D. Gabaccia, ‘Worker Internationalism and Italian Labor History, 1870-1914’,

International Labor and Working Class History, 45, 1, 1999, pp. 63-79.

37
12. D. Gabaccia and F. Ottanelli (ed.), Italian Workers of the World: Labor

Migration and the Formation of Multiethnic States, University of Illinois

Press, 2001.

13. B. Holton, British Syndicalism, London, 1976.

14. R. (B.) Holton, ‘Syndicalist Theories of the State’, Sociological Review,

February, 1980.

15. R. J. Holton (B.), Holton, ‘Revolutionary Syndicalism and the British Labour

Movement’, in W. J. Mommsen and H-G Husung (eds.), The Development of

Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880-1914, London, 1985

16. D. Howell, ‘Taking Syndicalism Seriously’, Socialist History 16, 2000, pp.

27-48.

17. J. Jennings, Syndicalism in France. A Study of Ideas, Basingstoke, 1999

18. J. Jennings, ‘Doctrinaires and Syndicalists: Representation, Parties and

Democracy in France’, Journal of Political Ideologies, 11, 2, 2006, pp.269-

288.

19. C. Levy; ‘Currents of Italian Syndicalism before 1926’, International Review

of Social History, 45, 2, 2000, pp. 209- 250.

20. J. R. Lindsey, ‘Functional Representation and its Anarchist Origins’,

Anarchist Studies, 18, 2, 2010, pp. 85-100.

21. M. Mann, ‘Sources of Variation in Working-Class Movements in Twentieth

Century Europe’, New Left Review, 212, 1995, pp. 14-54.

22. B. Mitchell, The Practical Revolutionaries: A New Interpretation of the

French Anarchosyndicalists, New York, 1987.

23. B. Moss, Origins of the French Labor Movement, University of California

Press, 1986.

38
24. E. O’Connor, James Larkin, Cork Univesity Press, 2002.

25. N. Papayanis, Alphonse Merrheim: The Emergence of Reformism in

Revolutionary Syndicalism, 1871-1915, Dordrecht , 1985.

26. E. Pataud & E Pouget, How we Shall Bring About the Revolution, London,

1990.

27. N. Pernicone, Carlo Tresca: Portrait of a Rebel, Basingstoke, 2005.

28. M. Perrot, Workers on Strike, Cambridge University Press, 1986.

29. E. Pouget, Direct Action, London, 2003.

30. F.F. Ridley, Revolutionary Syndicalism in France: The Direct Action of its

Time, Cambridge University Press, 1970.

31. S. Salerno, Red November, Black November: Culture and Community in the

Industrial Workers of the World, SUNY Press, 1989.

32. A. Sellars, Oil, Wheat and Wobblies: The Industrial Workers of the World in

Oklahoma, 1905-1930, University of Oklahoma Press, 1998.

33. P. N. Stearns, Revolutionary Syndicalism and French Labour: A Cause

without Rebels, Rutgers University Press, 1971.

34. R. Rocker, Anarcho-syndicalism: Theory and Practice, AK Press, 2004.

35. W. Thorpe, ‘”The Workers Themselves”: Revolutionary Syndicalism and

Industrial Labour, 1912-1923, Dordrecht, 1989.

36. W. Thorpe, ‘Keeping the Faith: The German Syndicalists in the First World

War’, Central European History, 33, 2, 2000, pp. 195-216.

37. W. Thorpe, ‘The European Syndicalists and War 1914-1918’, Contemporary

European History, 10, 4, 2001, pp. 1-24.

39
 38. W. Thorpe, ‘El Ferrol, Rio de Janiero, Zimmerwald, and Beyond: Syndicalist

Internationalism, 1914-1918’, Revue Belge de Philologie et D’Histoire, 84, 4,

2006, pp. 1005-1024.

39. M. Topp, Those without A Country: The Political Culture of Italian American

Syndicalists. University of Minneapolis, 2001.

40. R. Tosstorff, ‘The Syndicalist Encounter with Bolshevism, Anarchist Studies,

17, 2, 2009, pp. 12-29.

41. C. Tsuzuki, Tom Mann 1856-1941: The Challenges of Labour, Oxford, 1991.

42. K. H. Tucker, French Revolutionary Syndicalism and the Public Sphere,

Cambridge University Press, 1996.

43. M. van der Linden, ‘Second Thoughts on Revolutionary Syndicalism’, Labour

History Review, 63, 2, 1998, pp. 182-196.

44. M. van der Linden and W. Thorpe (eds.), Revolutionary Syndicalism: An

International Perspective, Aldrshot, 1990.

45. L. van der Walt, ‘’”The Industrial Union is the Embryo of the Socialist

Commonwealth”. The International Socialist League and the Revolutionary

Syndicalism in South Africa, 1915-1920’, Comparative Studies of South Asia,

Africa and the Middle East, 19, 1, 1999, pp. 1-24.

46. B. Vandervort, Victor Griffuelhes and French Syndicalism, 1895-1922,

Lousiana State University Press, 1996.

47. J. C. White, Tom Man, Manchester University Press, 1991.

Anarchism and Terrorism

1. B. Anderson, Under Three Flags, 2005.

40
2. P. Avrich, Sacco and Vanzetti: The American Background, Princeton University

Press, 1991.

3. E. Ayndinli, ‘Before Jihadists There Were Anarchists: A Failed Case of

Transnational Violence’, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31, 2008, pp. 903-923.

4. H. Becker, ‘The Mystery of Nathan Ganz’, The Raven. Anarchist Quarterly, 2, 2,

1988, pp. 118-145.

5. H. Becker, ‘Johann Most in Europe’, The Raven. Anarchist Quarterly, 1, 4, 1988,

pp. 291-321.

6. D. G. Berry, ‘Anarchist Gangsters?’, Anarchist Studies, 1, 2, 1993, pp. 162-165.

7. A. Butterworth, The World that Never Was. A True Story of Dreamers,

Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Agents, London, 2010.

8. J. Casanova, ‘Terror and Violence: The Dark Face of Spanish Anarchism’,

International Labor and Working-Class History, 67, 2005, pp. 79-99.

9. A. Chan, ‘Violence, non-violence, and the concept of revolution in anarchist

thought’, Anarchist Studies, 12, 2, 2004, pp. 103-123.

10. G. Ciancabilla, Fired by the Ideal: Italian-American Anarchist Responses to

Czolgosz’s Killing of McKinley, London, 2002.

11. L. Clutterback, ‘The Progenitors of Terrorism: Russian Revolutionaries or

Extreme Irish Republicans?’, Terrorism and Political Violence, 16, 1, 2004, pp.

154-181.

12. M. Collyer, ‘Secret Agents: Anarchists, Islamists and Responses to Politically

Active Refugees in London’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28, 2, 2005, pp. 278-

303.

41
13. P. Di Paola, ‘The Spies who Came in From the Heat: The International

Survelliance of Anarchists in London’, European History Quarterly, 37, 2, 2—7,

pp. 189-215.

14. M. Fleming, ‘Propaganda by the Deed: Terrorism and Anarchist Theory in Late

Nineteenth- Century Europe’, Terrorism: An International Journal, 4, 1980, pp.

1-23.

15. B. Gage, The Day Wall Street Exploded. A Story of America in its First Age of

Terror, New York, 2009.

16. J. L. Gelvin, ‘ ‘ Al Qaeda and Anarchism: A Historian’s Reply to Terrorology’,

Terrorism and Political Violence, 20, 2008, pp. 563-581 (And the various

responses by, L. Binder, R. B. Jensen, G . Esenwein, pp. 552-600, and Gelvin’s

response to his critics, pp. 606-611.

17. C. Hawkins, ‘Assassination, self-expression and social change: Emma Goldman

and political violence’, Anarchist Studies, 7, 3, 1999, pp. 3-24.

18. R. B. Jensen, ‘Criminal Anthropology and Anarchist Terrorism in Spain and

Italy, Mediterranean History Review, 16, 2, 2001, pp. 31-44.

19. R. B. Jensen, ‘Daggers, Rifles and Dynamite: Anarchist Terrorism in Nineteenth

Century Europe’, Terrorism and Political Violence, 16, 1, 2004, pp. 116-153.

20. R. B. Jensen, ‘The International Campaign against Anarchist Terrorism, 1800-

1930s’, Terrorism and Political Violence, 21, 1, 2009, pp. 89-109.

21. R. Kinna (ed.), Early Writings on Terrorism, Volumes 1-3, London 2006.

22. C. Levy, ‘The Anarchist Assassin in Italian History, 1870s to 1930s’, in S.

Gundle and L. Rinaldi (eds.), Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy,

Transformations in Society and Culture, New York, 2007.

42
23. U. Linse, “Propaganda of the Deed” and “Direct Action”: Two Concepts of

Anarchist Violence, in W.J. Mommsen and G. Hirschfield (eds.), Social Protest,

Violence and Terror in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Europe, Europe,

1982.

24. J. Longoni, Four Patients of Dr. Dielber (Ravachol, A. Vailant, E. Henry, Sante

Jerionimo Caserio), London, 1970.

25. J. R. Maura, ‘Terrorism in Barcelona and its Impact on Spanish Politics, 1904-

1909’, Past and Present, 41, 1968.

26. J. Merriman, The Dynamite Club, How a Bombing in Fin-De-Siècle Paris Ignited

the Age of Modern Terror, London, 2009.

27. R. Parry, The Bonnot Gang: Story of the French Illegalists, London, 1987.

28. E. Rauchway, Murdering McKinley. The Making of Theodore Roosevelt’s

America, New York, 2003.

29. A. Redding, ‘The Dream Life of Political Violence’: Georges Sorel, Emma

Goldman, and the Modern Imagination’, Modernism/Modernity, 2, 2, 1995, p. 1-

16.

30. M. Silvestri, ‘The Bomb, Bhadralok, Bhagavad Gita, and Dan Breem:

Terrorism in Bengal and its Relationship to the European Experience’, Terrorism

and Political Violence, 21, 2009, pp. 1-27.

31. M. Thorup, ‘The Anarchist and the Partisan- Two Types of Terror in the History

of Irregular Warfare’, Terrorism and Political Violence, 20 , 2008, pp. 333-355.

32. F. Trautmann, The Voice of Terror, 1980 (on Johann Most).

33. C. Wellbrook, ‘Seething with the Ideal: Galleanisti and Class Struggle in Late

Nineteenth-Century and Early Twentieth-Century USA’, Working USA: The

Journal of Labor and Society, 12, 4, 2009, pp. 404-420.

43
34. N. Whelehan, ‘Political Violence and Morality in Anarchist Theory and Practice:

Luigi Galleani and Peter Kropotkin in Comparative Perspective’, Anarchist

Studies, 13, 2, 2005, pp. 147-168.

9. History: Italian and Spanish Comparisons

This session will examine the Italian and Spanish cases. The Spanish movement

was the most prominent in Europe during the period of ‘classical anarchism’, and

succeeded to last as a mass movement well into the twentieth century. It reached

its apogee of influence in 1936 when the most industrialised region and city in

Spain (Catalonia and Barcelona respectively) were run in large part by the

anarchists and the anarcho-syndicalists. The Italian movement was always much

smaller but retained an important role in the Italian left and labour movement until

rise of Fascism (1922-1926). Both national cases share many similar political and

sociological characteristics.

1. ‘Italian anarchism punched over its weight’. Discuss.

2. How and why did Spanish anarchism survive and prosper from the 1870s to

the 1930s?

3. ‘Government anarchists’: discuss the paradoxes of Spanish anarchism during

the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).

Core Reading: For Italy – C. Levy, ‘Italian anarchism, 1870-1926’, D. Goodway

(ed.), For Anarchism. History, Theory and Practice, London , 1989,pp. 25-78. or

Marshall, Chap. 28 (chapter on Italy) or Woodcock Chap. 11 (chapter on Italy).

For Spain, Marshall, Chap. 29 or Woodcock, Chap. 12 (chapter on Spain).

44
Other reading:

Italy ( and its Disapora)

1. P. V. Cannistraro, ‘Mussolini, Sacco-Vanzetti and the Anarchists: The

Transatlantic Context’, Journal of Modern History, 68, 1, 1996, pp. 31-62.

2. J. Guglielmo, Living the Revolution. Italian Women’s Resistance and

Radicalism in New York City, 1880-1945, Chapel Hill, 2010.

3. C. Levy, ‘Charisma and Social Movements: Errico Malatesta and Italian

Anarchism’, Modern Italy, 3, 2, 1998, pp. 205-217.

4. C. Levy, Gramsci and the Anarchists, Oxford, 1999.

5. C. Levy, ‘Currents of Italian Syndicalism before 1926’, International Review

of Social History, 45, 2, 2000, pp. 209-250..

6. C. Levy, ‘The Anarchist Assassin in Italian History, 1870s to 1930s’, S.

Gundle and L. Rinaldi (eds.), Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy.

Transformations in Society and Culture, New York, 2007.

7. R. Hostetter, The Italian Socialist Movement, Vol. 1, Origins (1860-1882),

New York, 1958.

8. T. Ravindranathan, Bakunin and the Italians, Montreal, 1989.

9. A. Sonnessa, ‘Working Class Defence Organisation, Anti Fascist Politics and

the Arditi del Popolo in Turin’, European History Quarterly, 33, 2, 2003, pp.

183-218.

10. A. Sonnessa, ‘The 1922 Massacre (Strage di Torino): Working Class

Resistance and Conflicts within Fascism’, Modern Italy, 10, 2, 2005, pp. 187-

205.

11. D. Turcato, ‘Italian anarchism as a transnational movement, 1885-1915’,

International Review of Social History, 52, 3, 2007, pp. 407-444.

45
12. S.P. Whitaker, The Anarchist-Individualist Origins of Italian Fascism, New

York, 2002.

13. N. Walter, ‘Carlo Cafiero on Action and Communism’, The Raven, 6, 2, 1988,

pp. 174-188.

(Also see references under session seven on Malatesta.)

Spain

1. M. A. Ackelsberg, ‘Mujeres Libres: Identity, Community, Sexuality and

Power’, Anarchist Studies, 8, 2, 2000, pp. 99- 117.

2. M. A. Ackelsberg, Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for

Emancipation of Women, AK Press, 2005.

3. R. J. Alexander, The Anarchists and the Spanish Civil War, Volumes 1 and2,

London, 1999.

4. B. Bolloten, The Grand Camoulfage, New York, 1968.

5. B. Bolloten, The Spanish Civil War: Revolution and Counterrevolution,

University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

6. M. Bookchin, The Spanish Anarchists: The Heroic Years, 1868-1936, AK

Press, 1998.

7. F. Borkenau, The Spanish Cockpit, London, 2000.

8. G. Brenan, The Spanish Labyrinth, Cambridge University Press, 1990.

9. P. Broué & E. Terminé, Revolution and Civil War in Spain, London, 1972.

10. J. G. Casas, Anarchist Organization: History of the Federacion Anarquista

Iberca, Montreal, 1986.

46
11. ‘Anarchism, Revolution and the Civil War in Spain: the Challenge of Social

History’, Journal of Contemporary History, International Review of Social

History, 1992, pp. 398-404.

12. J. Casanova, Anarchism in the Spanish Civil War, London, 2005.

13. S. Christie, We the Anarchists! A Story of the Iberian Anarchist Federation

1927-1937, Hastings, 2004

14. N. Chomsky, American Power and the New Mandarins, New York, 1969.

15. R. M. Cleminson, ‘First Steps Towards Mass Sex-Economic Therapy:

Wilhelm Reich and the Spanish Revolution’, Anarchist Studies, 1, 1, 1993, pp.

25-37.

16. R. M. Cleminson, ‘Eugenics by Name or by Nature’, History of European

Ideas, 18, 5, 1994, pp. 729-740.

17. R. Cleminson, ‘Sexuality and the Revolution of Mentalities. Anarchism,

Science, and Sex in the Thought of Felix Martinez Ibanez’, Anarchist Studies,

5, 1, 1997, pp. 45-58.

18. R. M. Cleminson, Anarchism, Science and Sex: Eugenics in Eastern Spain,

1900-1937, Bern, 2000.

19. R. M. Cleminson, ‘Cultural Politics and Revolutionary Practice in Spain’,

Anarchist Studies, 11, 2, 2003, pp. 176-184.

20. D. Dolgoff (eds.), The Anarchist Collectives, London, 1974.

21. M. G. Duncan, ‘Spanish Anarchism Refracted: Theme and Image in

Millenarian and Revisionist Literature’, Journal of Contemporary History, 23,

3, 1988, pp. 323-346.

47
22. C. Ealham, ‘From Summit to Abyss’, in P. Preston and A. L. McKenzie (eds.),

The Republic Beseiged. Civil War in Spain 1936-1939, University of

Edinburgh, 1996.

23. C. Ealham, ‘The Political Crisis of Spanish Anarchism’, Anarchist Studies, 8,

C. Ealham, ‘An Imagined Geography: Ideology, Urban Space and Protest in

the Centre of Barcelona’s “Chinatown”, c. 1835-1936’, International Review

of Social History, 50, 3, 2005, pp. 373-397.

24. C. Ealham, Class, Culture and Conflict in Barcelona, 1897-1937, London,

2005.

25. C. Ealham & M. Richards (eds.), The Splintering of Spain, Cambridge

University Press, 2005. .

26. C. Ealham, ‘ The ‘Herodotus of the CNT’: José Peirats and La CNT en la

revolución española’, Anarchist Studies, 17, 2, 2009, pp. 81-104.

27. G. Esenwein, Anarchist Ideology in the Spanish Working Class Movement,

University of California Press (1868-1898), 1989.

28. G. Esenwein, ‘Anarchists in Government: A Paradox of the Spanish Civil

War, 1936-1939’, F. Lanon and P. Preston (eds.), Elites and Power in

Twentieth-Century Spain: Essays in Honour of Sir Raymond Carr, Oxford

University Press, 1990.

29. G. Esenwein, The Spanish Civil War, London, 2005.

30. R. Fraser, Blood of Spain, London, 1979.

31. H. Graham, ‘”Against the State”: A Genealogy of the Baracelona May Days

(1937), European History Quarterly, 29, 4, 1999, pp. 485-542.

32. H. Graham, The Spanish Republic at War, 1936-1939, London, 2002.

33. A. Giullanon, The Friends of Durutti Group, 1931-1939, AK Press, 1998.

48
34. R, Hadfield, ‘Politics and Protest in the Spanish Anarchist Movement:

Libertarian Women in Early Twentieth-Century Barcelona’, University of

Sussex Journal of Contemporary History, 3, 2001.

35. E. J. Hobsbawm, Primitive Rebels, London, 1959 (see chapter 5) and newer

editions.

36. T. Kaplin, Anarchists in Andulusia, 1868-1903, University of California Press,

1977.

37. R. Kern, Red Years, Black Years: The Political History of Spanish Anarchism

1911-1937, Philadephia, 1978.

38. G. Leval, Collectives in the Spanish Revolution, Freedom Press, 1975.

39. C. E. Lida, ‘Agrarian Anarchism in Andalusia’, International Review of Social

History, 3, 1969, pp. 315-352.

40. E.E. Malafakis, Agrarian Reform and the Peasant Revolution in Spain:

Origins of the Civil War, Yale University Press, 1970.

41. C. Mar-Molinero & A. Smith (eds.), Nationalism and the Nation in the Iberian

Peninsula: Competing and Conflicting Identities, Oxford, 1996.

42. G. Meaker, The Revolutionary Left in Spain 1914-23, Stanford University

Press, 1974.

43. J. R. Maura, ‘Terrorism in Barcelona’, 1968.

44. J. Mintz, The Anarchists of Casas Viejas, Indiana University Press,

1982/2004.

45. M. Nash, Defying Male Civilization: Women and the Spanish Civil War,

Denver, Colorado, 1995.

46. G. Orwell, Homage to Catalonia, Penguin, 2003.

47. A. Paz, Durutti in the Spanish Revolution, AK Press, 2007.

49
48. J. Peraits, Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution, Freedom Press, 1990.

49. P. Preston, The Coming of the Spanish Civil War, 2nd edition, London, 1994.

50. N. Rider, ‘The practice of direct action: the Barcelona rent strike of 1931’, in

D. Goodway, 1989, pp.79-108.

51. V. Richards, Lessons of the Spanish Revolution, 1936-1939, Freedom, 1983.

52. V. Richards, Spain: Social Revolution, Counter Revolution (1936-1939),

Freedom Press, 1990

53. M. Seidman, ‘Towards a History of Worker’ Reaction to Work’, Journal of

Contemporary History, 23, 2, 1988, pp. 191-220.

54. M . Seidman, Workers Against Work: Labor in Paris and Barcelona during

the Popular Fronts, University of California Press, 1991,

55. M. Seidman, Republic of Egos: A Social History of the Spanish Civil War,

University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.

56. A. Smith (ed.), Red Barcelona: Social Protest and Labour mobilization in the

Twentieth Century, London, 2002.

57. A. Smith, Anarchism, Revolution and Reaction: Catalan Labour and the

Crisis of the Spanish State, 1898-1923, Oxford, 2007.

58. T.S. Smyth, ‘Spanish Anarchism and the Nation (1889-1939)’, in Cahm, Vol.

3, Nottingham, 1979.

59. A. Souchy, The May Days, Barcelona, 1937, Freedom Press, 1987.

60. H. Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, 4th edition, Penguin, 2003.

61. H. Thomas, ‘Anarchist Agrarian Collectives in the Spanish Civil War’, M.

Gilbert (ed.), A Century of Conflict 1850-1950, London, 1967, pp. 245-265.

62. C. Winston, Workers and the Right in Spain 1900-1936, Princeton University

Press, 1985.

50
 10. Post-Scarcity Anarchism, Primitive Anarchism and Post-Anarchism:

Anarchism after 1945

1. Compare and contrast classical anarchism with anarchism after 1945.

2. What is post-scarcity anarchism?

3. What is the relationship between post-anarchism and post modernism?

4. What is the relationship between new social movements and post-1945?

anarchism?

5. What is anarchist primitivism?

Core Reading: Marshall, Part Six and Part Seven or D. Graeber, ‘The New

Anarchists’, New Left Review, 13, 2002, pp. 61-73 or B. Franks, ‘Postanarchism: A

Critical Assessment’, Journal of Political Ideologies, 12, 2, 2007, pp, 127-146; or

Amster, 2009 or D. Roussell and S. Evren (eds.), Post-Anarchism. A Reader, London,

2011 or Special Issue of Anarchist Studies on Colin Ward, edited by Carl Levy and

see , C. Levy, ‘Introduction: Colin Ward (1924-2010)’ (19, 2, 2011).

Other Reading:

1. ‘Anarchism: Secularism, Religion and Diversity’, Anarchist Studies, 14, 1,

2006, pp.5-38.

2. ‘Anarchist Studies: Past, Present and Future’, Anarchist Studies, 14, 1, 2007,

pp. 100-114.

3. R. Amster, ‘Anarchism as Moral Theory: Praxis, Property, and the

Postmodern’, Anarchist Studies, 6, 2, 1998, 97-112.

4. R. Amster, ‘Chasing Rainbows? Utopian Pragmatics and the Search for

Anarchist Communities’, Anarchist Studies, 9, 1, 2001, pp. 29-52,

51
5. D. Apter and J. Joll (eds.), Anarchism Today, London, 1971 (anarchist revival

of the 1960s: great book cover (a psychedelic Bakunin!).

6. C. Atton,’ Anarchy and the Internet: Obsctacles and Opportunities for

Alternative Electronic Publishing’, Anarchist Studies, 4, 2, 1996, pp. 115-132.

7. A. Bey, T.A.Z.: The Temporary Autonomous Zones. Ontological Anarchy,

Poetic Terrorism, New York, 2007.

8. M. Bookchin, ‘New Social Movements: The Anarchic Dimension’, in D.

Goodway (ed.), For Anarchism: History, Theory and Practice, London, 1989,

pp. 259-274,

9. M. Bookchin, Which Way for the Ecology Movement?, Montreal, 1991.

10. M. Bookchin, From Urbanization to Cities, London, 1995.

11. M. Bookchin, Re-enchanting Humanity, London, 1995.

12. M. Bookchin, Social Anarchism and Lifestyle Anarchism: An Unbridgeable

Chasm, AK Press, 1995.

13. M. Bookchin, The Murray Bookchin Reader, London, 1997.

14. M. Bookchin, Post-Scarcity Anarchism, AK Press, 2004.

15. F. Bowring, ‘‘An Unencumbered Freedom’: Ursula Le Guin’s The

Dispossessed, Anarchist Studies, 6, 1, 1998, pp. 21-37.

16. L. Call, Postmodern Anarchism , Lanham MD, 2002.

17. G. Carr, The Angry Brigade, Hastings, 2003.

18. A. Carter, ‘Analytical Anarchism: Some Conceptual Foundations’, Political

Theory, 28, 2, 2000, pp. 230-253.

19. G. Chesters, J. Purkis, & I. Welsh, ‘Not Complicated but Complex’, Anarchist

Studies, 12, 1, 2004, pp. 76-80.

52
20. G. Chesters and I. Welsh, Complexity and Social Movements: Multitudes on

the Edge, London, 2005.

21. N. Chomsky, Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky, London,

2002.

22. N. Chomsky, Chomsky on Anarchism, Edinburgh, 2005 (Very useful

collection of Chomsky’s writings on anarchism.).

23. S. Christie, Granny Made Me an Anarchist. General Franco, the Angry

Brigade and Me, London, 2004 (Wonderful memoirs of the Scottish baby

boomer anarchist).

24. S. Christie and A. Meltzer, The Floodgates of Anarchy, London, 1984.

25. D, Cohn-Bendit and G. Cohn-Bendit, Obsolete Communist-The Left-Wing

Alternative, London, 1968.

26. D. Crouch and Colin Ward, The Allotment. Its Landscape and Culture,

Nottingham, 2007.

27. L. Davis and P. Stillman (eds.), The New Utopian Politics of Ursula K. Le

Guin, Lanham, MD, 2005.

28. F. Dupuis-Déri, ‘The Black Blocs Ten Years after Seattle: Anarchism, Direct

Action snf Deliberative Practices’, Journal for the Study of Radicalism, 4, 2,

2010, pp. 45-82.

29. R.J.F. Day, Gramsci is Dead: Anarchist Currents in the Newest Social

Movements, London, 2005.

30. H.J. Ehrlich (ed.), Re-Inventing Anarchy: What are the Anarchists Thinking

these Days?, London, 1979.

31. P. Feyeraband, Against Method, University of Minnesota Press, 1970 (Famous

philosopher of science who uses an anarchist methodology).

53
32. J. Ferrell, Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy, New

York, 2001.

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