Year 10 & 11 Circulatory Systems Name: ___________________ Year: ________

Homework No: _______ Due date: ________________ Grade: _______

Title: Structure of the Heart

Read the Information and answer questions.
All the cells in the body need OXYGEN and FOOD to produce Energy for the body to stay alive
and it is the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM which transports them, along with many other things,
around the body.

Ques 1. Oxygen + Food  __________ + carbon dioxide + water

a) Complete the equation.
b) What does Food refer to? __________________________________
c) What is the name of the above LIFE PROCESS? _________________

The parts of the Circulatory System:

o The HEART
o The ARTERIES
o The VEINS
o The CAPILLARIES
o The RED and WHITE BLOOD CELLS
o The PLATELETS
o The PLASMA

Ques 2: There are 3 main parts of the Circulatory System:

a) The Pumping organ = _____________
b) The Blood = ____________ (liquid) 55%
+ 45% Blood cells: __________________ + ____________________ + _______________
c) The Blood Vessels: ___________________ + __________________ + ___________________

The functions of the Circulatory System:

 To carry OXYGEN to all the cells in the body ________________

 To carry FOOD to all the cells in the body ________________
 To remove WASTE from the cells of the body ________________
 To distribute HEAT around the body ________________
 To form a part of the DEFENCE the body has against microbes
________________
 To REPAIR itself and prevent blood loss by clotting ________________

Ques 3: The above information is about the functions of the Circulatory System: write
down the parts of blood which is responsible for the individual function.
ie. Choose from PLASMA, WBC, RBC, PLATELETS

Ques 4: Draw the diagrams of white blood cell, red blood cell and platelet.
 The 'DOUBLE' pump of the
Human Heart
1. Deoxygenated blood FROM
THE BODY entering the
heart
2. The RIGHT ATRIUM
3. The VALVES prevent blood
flowing the wrong way
when the atria and
ventricles contract
4. The RIGHT VENTRICLE
5. The thicker walled LEFT
VENTRICLE
6. The LEFT ATRIUM
7. Oxygenated blood FROM
THE LUNGS entering the
heart
8. Oxygenated blood leaving
the heart and flowing TO
THE BODY

LEFT Side 9. Deoxygenated blood

RIGHT Side leaving the heart and
flowing TO THE LUNGS

Ques 5: Label the above diagram with the following words:

Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Auricle, Left Auricle (4 chambers of the heart), Valves
Pulmonary (Lung) Artery, Pulmonary Vein, Vena Cava, Aorta (4 blood vessels in the heart)

Ques 6: Why is the Left Ventricle THICKER than the Right Ventricle?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Ques 7: What is the function of Valves in the heart?

______________________________________________________________________________

How blood moves through the heart.

 A Vein takes blood to the heart where it enters an Atrium.

 This contracts and forces the blood into a Ventricle.
 This then contracts and forces the blood out of the heart and into an Artery
Remember: Vein -> Atrium -> Ventricle -> Artery i.e. V A V A

Ques 8: Briefly describe the internal structures of the heart:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
The following information is about the 3 different types of blood vessels our body:
 Arteries always carry blood away from the heart. (Remember: AAA)
All arteries carry OXYGENATED blood
except the one carrying blood from the
heart TO THE LUNGS.

Arteries have:

o THICKER WALLS
o SMALLER LUMEN
o MORE ELASTIC and MORE MUSCLE FIBRES
o NO VALVES

 Veins always carry blood towards the heart. (VAT).

All veins carry DEOXYGENATED blood except the one carrying blood FROM THE
LUNGS to the heart.
Veins have:

o THINNER WALLS
o LARGER LUMEN
o LESS ELASTIC and LESS
MUSCLE FIBRES
o VALVES to help blood return to the heart

 Capillaries are microscopic and their walls are only ONE CELL THICK.
They have NO VALVES and they LINK ARTERIES to VEINS.
FOOD and OXYGEN pass out through the thin walls into the cells and WASTE and
CARBON DIOXIDE enter the blood and are carried
away.

Ques 9: What is an artery? - AAA

______________________________________________________________________________
Ques 10: What is a vein? - VAT

______________________________________________________________________________
Ques 11: Give 2 differences between a vein and an artery.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
Ques 12: Why capillaries are very thin?

______________________________________________________________________________
Ques 13: What types of substances are carried away from cells into the capillaries?

______________________________________________________________________________

Cardiovascular disease
The formation of plague

Coronary artery Disease is very common among the middle age people group.