Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Continuous Probability Distributions
Learning Objectives
1. Understand the difference between how probabilities are computed for discrete and continuous
random variables.
2. Know how to compute probability values for a continuous uniform probability distribution and be
able to compute the expected value and variance for such a distribution.
3. Be able to compute probabilities using a normal probability distribution. Understand the role of the
standard normal distribution in this process.
4. Be able to use the normal distribution to approximate binomial probabilities.
5. Be able to compute probabilities using an exponential probability distribution.
6. Understand the relationship between the Poisson and exponential probability distributions.
6 1
Chapter 6
Solutions:
1. a.
f (x)
x
.50 1.0 1.5 2.0
b. P(x = 1.25) = 0. The probability of any single point is zero since the area under the curve above
any single point is zero.
c. P(1.0 x 1.25) = 2(.25) = .50
d. P(1.20 < x < 1.5) = 2(.30) = .60
2. a.
f (x)
.15
.10
.05
x
0 10 20 30 40
b. P(x < 15) = .10(5) = .50
c. P(12 x 18) = .10(6) = .60
10 20
d. E ( x) 15
2
6 2
Continuous Probability Distributions
(20 10) 2
e. Var( x) 8.33
12
3. a.
f (x)
3 / 20
1 / 10
1 / 20
x
110 120 130 140
Minutes
b. P(x 130) = (1/20) (130 120) = 0.50
c. P(x > 135) = (1/20) (140 135) = 0.25
120 140
d. E ( x) 130 minutes
2
4. a.
f (x)
1.5
1.0
.5
x
0 1 2 3
b. P(.25 < x < .75) = 1 (.50) = .50
c. P(x .30) = 1 (.30) = .30
6 3
Chapter 6
d. P(x > .60) = 1 (.40) = .40
5. a. Length of Interval = 310.6 284.7 = 25.9
1
for 284.7 x 310.6
f ( x) 25.9
0 elsewhere
b. Note: 1/25.9 = .0386
P(x < 290) = .0386(290 284.7) = .2046
c. P(x 300) = .0386(310.6 300) = .4092
d. P(290 x 305) = .0386(305 290) = .5790
e. P(x 290) = .0386(310.6 290) = .7952
6. a. P(12 x 12.05) = .05(8) = .40
b. P(x 12.02) = .08(8) = .64
P( x 11.98) P( x 12.02)
c. 1 44 2 4 43 1 44 2 4 43
.005(8) .04 .64 .08(8)
Therefore, the probability is .04 + .64 = .68
7. a. P(10,000 x < 12,000) = 2000 (1 / 5000) = .40
The probability your competitor will bid lower than you, and you get the bid, is .40.
b. P(10,000 x < 14,000) = 4000 (1 / 5000) = .80
c. A bid of $15,000 gives a probability of 1 of getting the property.
d. Yes, the bid that maximizes expected profit is $13,000.
The probability of getting the property with a bid of $13,000 is
P(10,000 x < 13,000) = 3000 (1 / 5000) = .60.
The probability of not getting the property with a bid of $13,000 is .40.
The profit you will make if you get the property with a bid of $13,000 is $3000 = $16,000
13,000. So your expected profit with a bid of $13,000 is
6 4
Continuous Probability Distributions
EP ($13,000) = .6 ($3000) + .4 (0) = $1800.
If you bid $15,000 the probability of getting the bid is 1, but the profit if you do get the bid is only
$1000 = $16,000 15,000. So your expected profit with a bid of $15,000 is
EP ($15,000) = 1 ($1000) + 0 (0) = $1,000.
8.
= 10
=5
35 40 45 50 55 60 65
9. a.
b. .6826 since 45 and 55 are within plus or minus 1 standard deviation from the mean of 50.
c. .9544 since 40 and 60 are within plus or minus 2 standard deviations from the mean of 50.
10.
-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
6 5
Chapter 6
a. .3413
b. .4332
c. .4772
d. .4938
d. .4938
e. .4987
12. a. .2967
b. .4418
c. .5000 .1700 = .3300
d. .0910 + .5000 = .5910
e. .3849 + .5000 = .8849
f. .5000 .2611 = .2389
13. a. .6879 .0239 = .6640
b. .8888 .6985 = .1903
c. .9599 .8508 = .1091
14. a. Using the table of areas for the standard normal probability distribution, the area of .4750
corresponds to z = 1.96.
b. Using the table, the area of .2291 corresponds to z = .61.
c. Look in the table for an area of .5000 .1314 = .3686. This provides z = 1.12.
d. Look in the table for an area of .6700 .5000 = .1700. This provides z = .44.
15. a. Look in the table for an area of .5000 .2119 = .2881. Since the value we are seeking is below the
mean, the z value must be negative. Thus, for an area of .2881, z = .80.
6 6
Continuous Probability Distributions
b. Look in the table for an area of .9030 / 2 = .4515; z = 1.66.
c. Look in the table for an area of .2052 / 2 = .1026; z = .26.
d. Look in the table for an area of .4948; z = 2.56.
e. Look in the table for an area of .1915. Since the value we are seeking is below the mean, the z
value must be negative. Thus, z = .50.
16. a. Look in the table for an area of .5000 .0100 = .4900. The area value in the table closest to .4900
provides the value z = 2.33.
b. Look in the table for an area of .5000 .0250 = .4750. This corresponds to z = 1.96.
c. Look in the table for an area of .5000 .0500 = .4500. Since .4500 is exactly halfway between .
4495 (z = 1.64) and .4505 (z = 1.65), we select z = 1.645. However, z = 1.64 or z = 1.65 are
also acceptable answers.
d. Look in the table for an area of .5000 .1000 = .4000. The area value in the table closest to .4000
provides the value z = 1.28.
17. Let x = amount spent
= 527, = 160
700 527
a. z 1.08
160
P(x > 700) = P(z > 1.08) = .5000 .3599 = .1401
100 527
b. z 2.67
160
P(x < 100) = P(z < 2.67) = .5000 .4962 = .0038
c. At 700, z = 1.08 from part (a)
450 527
At 450, z .48
160
P(450 < x < 700) = P(.48 < z < 1.08) = .8599 .3156 = .5443
300 527
d. z 1.42
160
6 7
Chapter 6
P(x 300) = P(z 1.42) = .5000 .4222 = .0778
18. = 30 and = 8.2
40 30
a. At x = 40, z 1.22
8.2
P(z 1.22) =.5000 + .3888 = .8888
P(x 40) = 1 .8888 = .1112
20 30
b. At x = 20, z 1.22
8.2
P(z > 1.22) =.5000 + .3888 = .8888
P(x 20) = 1 .8888 = .1112
c. A zvalue of 1.28 cuts off an area of approximately 10% in the upper tail.
x = 30 + 8.2(1.28) = 40.50
A stock price of $40.50 or higher will put a company in the top 10%
19. We have = 156.76 and = 138.01
416 156.76
a. Z 1.88
138.01
P(x > 5.0) = P(z > 1.88) = 1 P(z < 1.88) = 1 .9699 = .0301
The rainfall exceeds 416 mm in 3.01% of the Februarys.
70 156.76
b. Z .63
138.01
P(x < 3.0) = P(z < .63) = P(z > .63) = 1 P(z < .63) = 1 .7357 = .2643
The rainfall is less than 70 mm in 26.43% of the Februarys.
c. z = 1.28 cuts off approximately .10 in the upper tail of a normal distribution.
x = 156.76 + 1.28(138.01) = 333.413
If it rains 333.413 mm or more, February will be classified as extremely wet.
6 8
Continuous Probability Distributions
20. = 15.3 and = 3.94
a. At x = 10,
10 15.3
z 1.35
3.94
P(z < 1.35) = P( z > 1.35) = .5000 .4115 = .0885
So, P(x < 10) = .0885
8.85% of people logged on fewer than 10 hours.
b. At x = 20,
20 15.3
z 1.19
3.94
P(z > 1.19) = .5000 .3830 = .1170
So, P(x > 20) = .1170
11.7% of people logged on over 20 hours.
c. A zvalue of .84 cuts off an area of approximately .20 in the upper tail.
x = 15.3 + .84 (3.94) = 18.61
A person must spend 18.61 or more hours logged on to be classified a heavy user.
21. From the normal probability tables, a zvalue of 2.05 cuts off an area of approximately .02 in the
upper tail of the distribution.
x = + z = 100 + 2.05(15) = 130.75
A score of 131 or better should qualify a person for membership in Mensa.
6 9
Chapter 6
22. Use = 441.84 and = 90
a. At 400
400 441.84
z .46
90
At 500
500 441.84
z .65
90
P(0 z < .65) = .2422
P(.46 z < 0) = .1772
P(400 z 500) = .1772 + .2422 = .4194
The probability a worker earns between $400 and $500 is .4194.
b. Must find the zvalue that cuts off an area of .20 in the upper tail. Using the normal tables, we find
z = .84 cuts off approximately .20 in the upper tail.
So, x = + z = 441.84 + .84(90) = 517.44
Weekly earnings of $517.44 or above will put a production worker in the top 20%.
250 441.84
c. At 250, z 2.13
90
P(x 250) = P(z 2.13) = .5000 .4834 = .0166
The probability a randomly selected production worker earns less than $250 per week is .0166.
60 80
23. a. z 2 Area to left is .5000 .4772 = .0228
10
b. At x = 60
60 80
z 2 Area to left is .0228
10
At x = 75
75 80
z .5 Area to left is .3085
10
P(60 x 75) = .3085 .0228 = .2857
90 80
c. z 1 Area = .5000 .3413 = .1587
10
Therefore 15.87% of students will not complete on time.
6 10
Continuous Probability Distributions
(60) (.1587) = 9.522
We would expect 9.522 students to be unable to complete the exam in time.
xi
24. a. x 902.75
n
( xi x ) 2
s 114.185
n 1
We will use x as an estimate of and s as an estimate of in parts (b) (d) below.
b. Remember the data are in thousands of shares.
At 800
800 902.75
z .90
114.185
P(x 800) = P(z .90) = 1 P(z .90) = 1 .8159 = .1841
The probability trading volume will be less than 800 million shares is .1841
c. At 1000
1000 902.75
z .85
114.185
P(x 1000) = P(z .85) = 1 P(z .85) = 1 .8023 = .1977
The probability trading volume will exceed 1 billion shares is .1977
d. A zvalue of 1.645 cuts off an area of .05 in the upper tail
x = + z = 902.75 + 1.645(114.185) = 1,090.584
They should issue a press release any time share volume exceeds 1,091 million.
25. = 442.54, = 65
400 442.54
a. z .65
65
P(x > 400) = P(z > .65) = .5000 +.2422 = .7422
300 442.54
b. z 2.19
65
6 11
Chapter 6
P(x 300) = P(z 2.19) = .5000 .4857 = .0143
c. At x = 400, z = .65 from part (a)
500 442.54
At x = 500, z .88
65
P(400 < x < 500) = P(.65 < z < .88) = .8106 .2578 = .5528
26. a. np = 100(.20) = 20
np (1 p) = 100(.20) (.80) = 16
16 4
b. Yes since np = 20 and n (1 p) = 80
c. P (23.5 x 24.5)
24.5 20
z 1.13 Area = .3708
4
23.5 20
z .88 Area = .3106
4
P (23.5 x 24.5) = .3708 .3106 = .0602
d. P (17.5 x 22.5)
17.5 20
z .63 Area = .2357
4
22.5 20
z .63 Area = .2357
4
P (17.5 x 22.5) = .2357 + .2357 = .4714
e. P (x 15.5)
15.5 20
z 1.13 Area = .3708
4
P (x 15.5) = .5000 .3708 = .1292
27. a. np = 200(.60) = 120
6 12
Continuous Probability Distributions
np (1 p) = 200(.60) (.40) = 48
48 6.93
b. Yes since np = 120 and n (1 p) = 80
c. P (99.5 x 110.5)
99.5 120
z 2.96 Area = .4985
6.93
110 120
z 1.37 Area = .4147
6.93
P (99.5 x 110.5) = .4985 .4147 = .0838
d. P ( x 129.5)
129.5 120
z 1.37 Area = .4147
6.93
P (x 129.5) = .5000 .4147 = .0853
e. Simplifies computation. By direct computation of binomial probabilities we would have to
compute
P (x 130) = f (130) + f (131) + f (132) + f (133) + ...
28. a. In answering this part, we assume it is not known how many Democrats and Republicans are in the
group.
= np = 250(.47) = 117.5
2 = np(1p) = 250(.47)(.53) = 62.275
62.275 7.89
Half the group is 125 people. We want to find P(x 124.5).
124.5 117.5
At x = 124.5, z .89
7.89
P(z .89) = .5000 .3133 = .1867
So, P(x 124.5) = .1867
6 13
Chapter 6
We estimate a probability of .1867 that at least half the group is in favor of the proposal.
b. For Republicans: np = 150(.64) = 96
For Democrats: np = 100(.29) = 29
Expected number in favor = 96 + 29 = 125
c. It's a toss up. We expect just as many in favor of the proposal as opposed.
2 = np(1p) = 100 (.0499) (.9501) = 4.7410
4.7410 2.18
c. Must compute P(5.5 x 6.5)
At x = 6.5,
6.5 4.99
z .69
2.18
P(z .69) = .5000 + .2549 = .7549
At x = 5.5,
5.5 4.99
z .23
2.18
P(z .23) = .5000 + .0910 = .5910
P(5.5 x 6.5) = .7549 .5910 = .1639
Our estimate of the probability is .1639.
d. Must compute P(x 3.5)
At x = 3.5,
3.5 4.99
z .68
2.18
P(x .68) = .5000 + .2518 = .7518
So, P(x 3.5) = .7518
Our estimate of the probability that at least 4 are unemployed is .7518.
6 14
Continuous Probability Distributions
30. a. np = (800)(0.41) = 328
I would expect 328 to agree that Microsoft is a monopoly.
b. Find P(x 300.5)
At x = 300.5
300.5 328
z 1.98
13.9111
P(x 300.5) = 0.5000 0.4761 = 0.0239
The probability that 300 or fewer agree that Microsoft is a monopoly is 0.0239.
c. Use n(1 p) = 800(0.59) = 472
= 13.9111 as in part a.
Find P(x > 450.5)
At x = 450.5
450.5 472
z 1.55
13.9111
P(x > 450.5) = 0.5000 + 0.4394 = 0.9394
The probability that there are over 450 that do not agree Microsoft is a monopoly.
31. a. np = 120(.75) = 90
The probability at least half the rooms are occupied is the normal probability: P(x 59.5).
At x = 59.5
59.5 90
z 6.43
4.74
6 15
Chapter 6
Therefore, probability is approximately 1
b. Find the normal probability: P(x 99.5)
At x = 99.5
99.5 90
z 2.00
4.74
P(x 99.5) = P(z 2.00) = .5000 .4772 = .0228
c. Find the normal probability: P(x 80.5)
At x = 80.5
80.5 90
z 2.00
4.74
P(x 80.5) = P(z 2.00) = .5000 .4772 = .0228
32. a. P(x 6) = 1 e6/8 = 1 .4724 = .5276
b. P(x 4) = 1 e4/8 = 1 .6065 = .3935
c. P(x 6) = 1 P(x 6) = 1 .5276 = .4724
d. P(4 x 6) = P(x 6) P(x 4) = .5276 .3935 = .1341
33. a. P ( x x0 ) 1 e x0 / 3
b. P(x 2) = 1 e2/3 = 1 .5134 = .4866
d. P(x 5) = 1 e5/3 = 1 .1889 = .8111
e. P(2 x 5) = P(x 5) P(x 2) = .8111 .4866 = .3245
34. a. P(x 10) = 1 e10/20 = .3935
b. P(x 30) = 1 P(x 30) = 1 (1 e30/20 ) = e30/20 = .2231
c. P(10 x 30) = P(x 30) P(x 10)
= (1 e30/20 ) (1 e10/20 ) = e10/20 e30/20
6 16
Continuous Probability Distributions
= .6065 .2231 = .3834
35. a.
f(x)
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
x
6 12 18 24
b. P(x 12) = 1 e12/12 = 1 .3679 = .6321
c. P(x 6) = 1 e6/12 = 1 .6065 = .3935
d. P(x 30) = 1 P(x < 30)
= 1 (1 e30/12)
= .0821
36. a. 50 hours
b. P(x 25) = 1 e25/50 = 1 .6065 = .3935
c. P(x 100) = 1 (1 e100/50)
= .1353
37. a. P(x 2) = 1 e2/2.78 = .5130
b. P(x 5) = 1 P(x 5) = 1 (1 e5/2.78 ) = e5/2.78 = .1655
c. P(x 2.78) = 1 P(x 2.78) = 1 (1 e2.78/2.78 ) = e1 = .3679
This may seem surprising since the mean is 2.78 minutes. But, for the exponential distribution, the
probability of a value greater than the mean is significantly less than the probability of a value less
than the mean.
6 17
Chapter 6
38. a. If the average number of transactions per year follows the Poisson distribution, the time between
transactions follows the exponential distribution. So,
1
= of a year
30
1 1
and 30
1/ 30
then f(x) = 30 e30x
b. A month is 1/12 of a year so,
1 1
P x 1 P x 1 (1 e 30 /12 ) e 30 /12 .0821
12 12
The probability of no transaction during January is the same as the probability of no transaction
during any month: .0821
c. Since 1/2 month is 1/24 of a year, we compute,
1 30 / 24
P x 1 e 1 .2865 .7135
24
39. a. Let x = sales price ($1000s)
1
for 200 x 225
f ( x) 25
0 elsewhere
b. P(x 215) = (1 / 25) (225 215) = 0.40
c. P(x < 210) = (1 / 25)(210 200) = 0.40
d. E (x) = (200 + 225)/2 = 212,500
If she waits, her expected sale price will be $2,500 higher than if she sells it back to her company
now. However, there is a 0.40 probability that she will get less. It’s a close call. But, the expected
value approach to decision making would suggest she should wait.
6 18
Continuous Probability Distributions
40. a. For a normal distribution, the mean and the median are equal.
63,000
b. Find the zscore that cuts off 10% in the lower tail.
zscore = 1.28
Solving for x,
= x – 63,000
– 1.28
15,000
x = 63,000 1.28 (15000) = 43,800
The lower 10% of mortgage debt is $43,800 or less.
c. Find P(x > 80,000)
At x = 80,000
80, 000 63, 000
z 1.13
15, 000
P(x > 80,000) = .5000 .3708 = 0.1292
d. Find the zscore that cuts off 5% in the upper tail.
zscore = 1.645. Solve for x.
x 63,000
1.645 =
15, 000
x = 63,000 + 1.645 (15,000) = 87,675
The upper 5% of mortgage debt is in excess of $87,675.
= 1 P(1 z 1) = 1 .6826 = .3174
Expected number of defects = 1000(.3174) = 317.4
b. P(defect) = 1 P(9.85 x 10.15)
= 1 P(3 z 3) = 1 .9974 = .0026
6 19
Chapter 6
Expected number of defects = 1000(.0026) = 2.6
c. Reducing the process standard deviation causes a substantial reduction in the number of defects.
42. = 80,734
So,
75,422 80,734
1.645
75,422 80,734
3,229
1.645
c. At 80,400
80,400 80,734
z .10
3,229
At 78,410
78,410 80,734
z .72
3,229
P (80,400 < x < 78,410) = P (.72 < z < .10) = .2642 .0398 = .2244
c. z = 1.88 cuts off approximately .03 in the upper tail
x = 80,734 + 1.88 (3,229) = 86,804.52
The households with the highest 3% of expenditures spent more than NT$86,804.
43. = 10,000 = 1500
a. At x = 12,000
12, 000 10, 000
z 1.33 Area to left is .9082
1500
P(x > 12,000) = 1.0000 .9082 = .0918
b. At .95
x 10, 000
z 1.645
1500
6 20
Continuous Probability Distributions
Therefore, x = 10,000 + 1.645(1500) = 12,468.
95%
0.05
10,000 12,468
12,468 tubes should be produced.
6 21
Chapter 6
44. a. At x = 200
200 150
z 2 Area = .4772
25
P(x > 200) = .5 .4772 = .0228
b. Expected Profit = Expected Revenue Expected Cost
= 200 150 = $50
45. a. Find P(80,000 x 150,000)
At x = 150,000
150, 000 126, 681
z 0.78
30, 000
P(x 150,000) = 0.7823
At x = 80,000
80, 000 126,681
z 1.56
30, 000
P(x 80,000) = .5000 .4406 = 0.0594
P(80,000 x 150,000) = 0.7823 0.0594 = 0.7229
b. Find P(x < 50,000)
At x = 50,000
50, 000 126, 681
z 2.56
30, 000
P(x < 50,000) = .5000 .4948 = 0.0052
c. Find the zscore cutting off 95% in the left tail.
zscore = 1.645. Solve for x.
x 126, 681
1.645 =
30, 000
x = 126,681 + 1.645 (30,000)
= 176,031
The probability is 0.95 that the number of lost jobs will not exceed 176,031.
6 22
Continuous Probability Distributions
46. a. At 400,
400 450
z .500
100
Area to left is .3085
At 500,
500 450
z .500
100
Area to left is .6915
P(400 x 500) = .6915 .3085 = .3830
38.3% will score between 400 and 500.
b. At 630,
630 450
z 1.80
100
96.41% do worse and 3.59% do better .
c. At 480,
480 450
z .30
100
Area to left is .6179
38.21% are acceptable.
47. a. At 75,000
75, 000 67, 000
z 1.14
7, 000
P(x > 75,000) = P(z > 1.14) = 1 P(z 1.14) = 1 .8729 = .1271
The probability of a woman receiving a salary in excess of $75,000 is .1271
b. At 75,000
75, 000 65,500
z 1.36
7,000
P(x > 75,000) = P(z > 1.36) = 1 P(z 1.36) = 1 .9131 = .0869
The probability of a man receiving a salary in excess of $75,000 is .0869
6 23
Chapter 6
c. At x = 50,000
50, 000 67, 000
z 2.43
7, 000
P(x < 50,000) = P(z < 2.43) = 1 P(z < 2.43) = 1 .9925 = .0075
The probability of a woman receiving a salary below $50,000 is very small: .0075
d. The answer to this is the male copywriter salary that cuts off an area of .01 in the upper tail of the
distribution for male copywriters.
Use z = 2.33
x = 65,500 + 2.33(7,000) = 81,810
A woman who makes $81,810 or more will earn more than 99% of her male counterparts.
48. = .6
At 2%
z = 2.05 x = 18
x 18
z 2.05
.6
= 18 + 2.05 (.6) = 19.23 oz.
0.02
18 =19.23
The mean filling weight must be 19.23 oz.
49. Use normal approximation to binomial.
a. = np = 50 (.75) = 37.5
np (1 p ) 50(.75)(.25) 3.06
6 24
Continuous Probability Distributions
At x = 42.5
x 42.5 37.5
z 1.63
3.06
P(0 z 1.63) = .4484
Probability of an A grade = .5000 .4484 = .0516 or 5.16% will obtain an A grade.
b. At x = 34.5
34.5 37.5
z .98
3.06
At x = 39.5
39.5 37.5
z .65
3.06
P(.98 z .65) = .3365 + .2422 = .5787
or 57.87% will obtain a C grade.
c. At x = 29.5
29.5 37.5
z 2.61
3.06
P(z 2.61) = .5000 + .4955 = .9955
or 99.55%of the students who have done their homework and attended lectures will pass the
examination.
d. = np = 50 (.25) = 12.5 (We use p = .25 for a guess.)
np (1 p ) 50(.25)(.75) 3.06
At x = 29.5
29.5 12.5
z 5.55
3.06
P(z 5.55) 0
Thus, essentially no one who simply guesses will pass the examination.
50. a. = np = (240)(0.49) = 117.6
Expected number of wins is 117.6
Expected number of losses = 240(0.51) = 122.4
6 25
Chapter 6
Expected payoff = 117.6(50) 122.4(50) = (4.8)(50) = 240.
The player should expect to lose $240.
b. To lose $1000, the player must lose 20 more hands than he wins. With 240 hands in 4 hours, the
player must win 110 or less in order to lose $1000. Use normal approximation to binomial.
= np = (240)(0.49) = 117.6
240(.49)(.51) 7.7444
Find P(x 110.5)
At x = 110.5
110.5 117.6
z .92
7.7444
P(x 110.5) = 0.5000 0.3212 = 0.1788
The probability he will lose $1000 or more is 0.1788.
c. In order to win, the player must win 121 or more hands.
Find P(x 120.5)
At x = 120.5
120.5 117.6
z .37
7.7444
P(x 120.5) = 0.5000 0.1443 = 0.3557
The probability that the player will win is 0.3557. The odds are clearly in the house’s favor.
d. To lose $1500, the player must lose 30 hands more than he wins. This means he wins 105 or fewer
hands.
Find P(x 105.5)
At x = 105.5
105.5 117.6
z 1.56
7.7444
P(x 105.5) = 0.5000 0.4406 = 0.0594
The probability the player will go broke is 0.0594.
6 26
Continuous Probability Distributions
51. a. P(x 15) = 1 e15/36 = 1 .6592 = .3408
b. P(x 45) = 1 e45/36 = 1 .2865 = .7135
Therefore P(15 x 45) = .7135 .3408 = .3727
c. P(x 60) = 1 P(x < 60)
= 1 (1 e60/36) = .1889
52. a. Mean time between arrivals = 1/7 minutes
b. f(x) = 7e7x
c. P(x > 1) = 1 P(x < 1) = 1 [1 e7(1)] = e7 = .0009
d. 12 seconds is .2 minutes
P(x > .2) = 1 P(x < .2) = 1 [1 e7(.2)] = e1.4 = .2466
1
53. a. e x / 24.7 .0405e .0405 x
24.7
b. P(x < 30) = 1 e.0405(30) = 1 .2967 = .7033
P(x < 10) = 1 e.0405(10) = 1 .6670 = .3330
P(10 < x < 30) = .7033 .3330 = .3703
c. From part (b), P(x < 30) = .7033
P(x > 30) = P(x 30) = 1 P(x < 30) = 1 .7033 = .2967
1
54. a. 0.5 therefore = 2 minutes = mean time between telephone calls
b. Note: 30 seconds = .5 minutes
P(x .5) = 1 e.5/2 = 1 .7788 = .2212
c. P(x 1) = 1 e1/2 = 1 .6065 = .3935
d. P(x 5) = 1 P(x < 5) = 1 (1 e5/2) = .0821
6 27